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Background: Tartary buckwheat is a plant recognized for its resistance to various environmental stresses. Due to its valuable source of phenolic compounds, Fagopyrum tataricum is also characterized as a medicinal plant; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the drought stress for the levels of phenolic compounds in the morphological parts of the plant. Methods: This experiment was conducted in 7 L pots under laboratory conditions. Phenolic compounds were identified using a UHPLC–MS chromatography system. Antioxidant activity was assessed using well-known methods, including the DPPH scavenging activity and ferrous ion chelating activity. Results: In Tartary buckwheat leaves, stems, seeds, and husks, 57 phenolic compounds were identified, with a predominance of quercetin 3-rutinoside, quercetin, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, kaempferol, and derivatives of coumaric acid. It was observed that the Tartary buckwheat samples subjected to drought stress exhibited a slight decrease in the majority of individual phenolic compounds. Conclusions: The measurement of biological parameters indicated that plant regeneration after drought stress demonstrated a rapid recovery, which can be a positive response to the progression of climate changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future of agricultural production involves sustainable production systems with a balance between nutrients in soil–plant systems. These production systems are based on limiting the use of mineral fertilizers while introducing natural sources that increase soil fertility. The best example of such a system is plant rotation, including legumes as a forecrop for cereal plants. For this reason, the goal of the present study was to determine the possibility of obtaining nitrogen from the air using 15N isotopes and to determine the quantity of nitrogen biologically fixed and taken up by winter wheat cultivated as a succeeding plant. In field experiments, we investigated the cycle of nitrogen fixed by legume plants in rotation under sustainable conditions, as follows: soybean–winter wheat–winter wheat. After soybean seedling emergence, a mineral fertilizer (15NH4)2SO4 containing 20.1 at% 15N (a dose of 30 kg∙ha−1) was applied, with summer wheat as a reference plant. The yield of soybean reached 2.48 t∙ha−1 for seeds and 8.73 t∙ha−1 for crop residue (CR), providing a total yield of 11.21 t∙ha−1. The total biomass of soybean contained 149.1 kg∙ha−1 of total nitrogen, with 108.1 kg∙ha−1 in the seeds and 41.0 kg∙ha−1 in the residue, of which 34.0 kg∙ha−1 in the seeds and 11.4 kg∙ha−1 in the residue was biologically fixed. CR was ploughed into the soil. Plots with winter wheat cultivated after soybean (2017) were divided into two sub-plots for the application of 0 and 100 kg∙ha−1 of mineral N. The scheme was repeated in 2018. Overall, winter wheat cultivated for two subsequent years took up 8.12 kg∙ha−1 of the total nitrogen from the CR from the control sub-plot and 15.51 kg∙ha−1 from the fertilized sub-plot, of which 2.61 and 2.98 kg∙ha−1 was biologically fixed by soybean plants, respectively. The dose of fertilizer contained 5.920 kg∙ha−1 of 15N, of which 3.024 kg∙ha−1 was accumulated in soybean. In wheat cultivated as the first subsequent crop, the accumulation of 15N was as follows: 0 kg N (control)—0.088 kg∙ha−1; 100 kg N—0.158 kg∙ha−1. Meanwhile, in winter wheat cultivated as the second aftercrop, 0.052 and 0.163 kg∙ha−1 of 15N was accumulated, respectively. This study demonstrates that biological nitrogen fixation in soybeans is an underappreciated solution for enhancing crop productivity within sustainable agricultural systems. It holds significant implications for planning rational fertilizer management, reducing the application of chemical fertilizers, and improving nitrogen use efficiency within crop rotation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural usability of bio-fertilizers, particularly including microbiological seed vaccines meet the recommendations for integrated protection/cultivation applicable in Poland. Combined vaccination seeds with Rhizobium bacteria together with endophitic bacteria from the group of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), increase the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation and therefore stimulate the development and yielding of legume crops. This hypothesis was verified in a series of field experiments with white lupine conducted between 2016 and 2018 at Złotniki, Poland. The one-factor experiment consisted of different variants of inoculation including: seeds uninoculated, inoculated with nitragine, nitroflora, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain, Bacillus subtillis strain and seeds co-inoculated with Rhizobium from nitragine or nitroflora + Pseudomonas fluorescens, or + Bacillus subtillis. The experiment showed a positive response of white lupine to all tested seed vaccinations. The highest seed yield was found after seed inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria (from nitragine) and with co-inoculation Rhizobium with Pseudomonas fluorescens. The results indicated that plant height, the development of aboveground parts and roots as well as root nodules and the setting of pods and seeds on the plant increased significantly after seed co-inoculation of Rhizobium derived from the preparation of nitragine with Pseudomonas fluorescens, as compared to the control object without vaccination. A generally positive correlation was found between the number of root nodules, dry mass of nodules and yield, and an especially significant strength of this relationship was found in variant with co-inoculation Rhizobium with Pseudomonas fluorescens.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen (three doses of N) and magnesium (two doses of Mg) fertilization on the yield and quality of fodder obtained from two old and extensive grass species Festulolium braunii cv. 'Felopa' and Lolium multiflorum cv. 'Tur' in field cultivation under dry conditions. F. braunii was better adapted to cultivation on light, dry soils than L. multiflorum; in such conditions, it produces higher yields of dry matter and protein, characterized by a higher concentration of nutrients. F. braunii fertilized with doses of 120 and 180 kg N∙ha−1 yielded higher than that fertilized with a dose of 60 kg N∙ha−1, and L. multiflorum produced similar yields after applying doses of 60, 120 and 180 kg N∙ha−1. For tested grass pasture, a single N application after the start of vegetation in two forms (fast- and slow-acting) appears to be adequate. Resignation from splitting the nitrogen dose due to variable rainfall distribution that can occur after the first cut during the dry summer is beneficial due to a reduction in the losses of nutrients and environmental burdens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to determine the long-term effect of legumes as forecrops on the productivity of rotation with nitrogen fertilisation. The rotation included: legumes + spring barley, winter triticale and winter rape. The study was conducted as a two-factorial field experiment with four replications. The present study showed that legumes, as forecrops, increased the yield of WT cultivated in the second year of rotation. The seed yield of WR cultivated in the third year of rotation significantly increased after all legume forecrops, with the exception of PEA. Yielding of these crops depended also on nitrogen fertilisation. In the case of WT doses 120 kg N ha−1 and 180 kg N ha−1 there was an increased yield compared with control independent of forecrop, but there were no significant differences between doses 120 and 180 kg N ha−1. The conclusion is that we do not need to use dose 180 kg N ha−1 for WT cultivated directly after legumes. In the cultivation of WR in the third year of rotation there is no need to use a dose of nitrogen 180 kg N ha−1 if the fore-fore-crops were indeterminate cultivars of BL or YL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive amounts of sewage sludge produced in sewage treatment plants along with the ban on its storage and dumping require rapid solutions to the problem of sewage sludge management. An example of a rational and environmentally viable method may be provided by its application in agriculture and environmental management. The optimal solution is to use sludge as a fertiliser for industrial plants, including energy crops, that is, those not used in food production. For environmental reasons it is essential to control soil quality and condition following sludge application. Analyses of the residual effect of sewage sludge and bacteria, actinobacteria, fungi microbial inoculant (BAF) on selected physiological parameters of plants and microbial activity of soil were conducted in the years 2013-2015 on experimental fields of the Poznan University of Life Sciences. The results indicate that the application of sewage sludge increased yields and improved selected photosynthesis activity and biometric traits of willow. Among the tested combinations the best results were obtained following the application of sewage sludge combined with the BAF medium microbial inoculant. Similar dependencies were observed when evaluating soil microbial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sprinkling irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on chemical composition of grain in selected forms of oat as well as yields of protein, energy and fat. Studies were conducted in the years 2010-2011 at the Teaching and Experimental Station in Gorzyń, Branch in Złotniki, belonging to Poznań University of Life Sciences, on soil classified as very good and good rye complex in the split-split-plot design in 4 replications. Experimental factors included the water treatment (non-irrigated, sprinkling-irrigated), form of oat (tall husked oat cv. 'Bingo', husked dwarf oat cv. STH 6106, hulless oat cv. 'Polar') and nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 N). It was found that sprinkling irrigation caused an increase in protein yield by 47.8%, fat yield by 99% and that of energy by 77.7%. Moreover, application of irrigation contributed to a reduction of contents of protein and fibre, and an increase in the contents of fat and nitrogen-free extractives in grain. Among the compared forms the greatest contents of protein and fat, but the lowest fibre content, were found in the hulless oat form ('Polar'). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted in 2007-2011 in the fields of the Experimental Station in Złotniki belonging to the Research and Education Center Gorzyń, Poznań University of Life Sciences. Every year five one-factor experiments were established, which included a full rotation (potatoes, spring barley, winter rape, winter wheat and maize cultivation for grain). In the experiments the changes occurring in the soil under cultivation of specified species after mineral inducer process (MIP) fertilization were investigated and it was related to control objects with traditional phosphorus-potassium fertilization. Replacement of traditional phosphorus-potassium fertilization by the use of PRP SOL in crops rotation led to a significant increase of magnesium content in soil, and this increase, compared to the control object, amounted 1.1 mg·kg-1 of soil. The average content of phosphorus and potassium in the soil for the above mentioned species significantly decreased and the differences compared to control object fertilized by P and K amounted 2.0 and 2.2 mg·kg-1 of soil. The annual application of PRP SOL fertilizer caused favourable tendency of pH increase and nitrogen and humus content in the soil, but the differences compared to control object were small and amounted respectively: 0.1 pH, 44 mg·kg-1 and 0.05%. Five-year application of PRP SOL did not significantly change soil compaction measured at a depth of 10, 20 and 30 cm and, compared to the control object, a tendency to its increase was usually observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Three cereal species were tested in the presented experiment: winter wheat, spring barley and maize. Plant response, as well as soil ecological activity were examined due to fertilization by PRP SOL and PRP EBV. Both fertilizers are a type of fertilizer, which should positively influence the plant functioning and soil structure, also resulting in yield increase. The obtained results were compared to the results from conventional fertilizing. Net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate, as well as parameters characterising plant growth were measured in all types of fertilizing. Soil microorganisms and biochemical activity were analyzed only in control and PRP SOL fertilizing types. A positive influence of both PRP fertilizers was found on net photosynthesis rate and plant growth. This was especially valid for spring barley and maize. PSP SOL fertilizer also improved soil ecological status, higher oligotrophic bacteria and Actinobacteria amount in soils. Lower activity of phosphatases also indicated good nutrition by phosphorus and potassium. Overall, based on presented results, we could conclude that both fertilizers improved plant growth conditions and PRP SOL on soil properties resulting in better plant photosynthesis activity and growth. However, we also could recommend longer investigations on soil structure to confirm positive effect of these fertilizers with a longer time perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fertilisation of sewage sludge coming from a municipal sewage treatment plant on selected physical parameters of soil as well as its biochemical and microbiological activity in the year of sewage sludge application and in the two successive years following its introduction in maize grown for grain. Recorded results concerning the effect of the used sewage sludge on physical properties of soil such as soil cohesion and CO2 emission indicate its positive, statistically significant effect in growing of maize both in the year of its application and in the successive years. Results of studies showed that fertilisation of lessive soil using sewage sludge caused changes in its enzymatic activity. Intensity and direction of the occurring changes were dependent on the development phase of the crop and the time from the introduction of sewage sludge to soil. Application of sewage sludge as fertiliser and successive plant development phases were reflected in changes in the counts of analyzed groups of soil microorganisms. As a result of sewage sludge introduction an increase was recorded in the numbers of microorganisms being pioneers in the degradation of organic matter, i.e. fungi, actinobacteria and proteolytic bacteria, while total counts of bacteria decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the performed experiments was to determine the dynamics of development of selected groups of microorganisms, and the enzymatic activity of a substrate containing a microbiological inoculum (BAF1) intended to improve French marigold growth and flowering. The material used in the investigations was peat substrate (pH 5.5-6.0), into which plants were planted and then inoculated with different doses of the BAF1 biopreparation (1:10, 1:50, 1:100) devised at the Department of General and Environmental Microbiology of Pozna University of Life Sciences. Samples of the substrate, on which experimental plants were cultivated, were collected during the following three phases: the phase of seedling planting, the phase of vegetative growth, and the phase of flowering. The scope of investigations comprised determination of the developmental dynamics and the total number of bacteria, actinobacteria and moulds using the Koch plate method for this purpose, as well as levels of enzymatic activity by the spectrophotometric method. In addition, the following plant morphological analyses were performed: plant height, shoot number and length, number of buds and inflorescences, content of chlorophyll, and leaf greenness index (SPAD).Based on the results of this study, it was found that the applied BAF1 inoculum had no significant effect on the number of analysed microbial groups, or the enzymatic activity of the substrate. The development phase of French marigold was the primary factor determining changes in the number of analysed microorganisms and enzymatic parameters of the substrate. These experiments showed that foliar application of the biopreparation at a concentration of 1:10 to the greatest extent influenced chlorophyll content in plants, while for morphological traits of plants it was the combined soil and foliar application of the inoculum at a concentration of 1:100.The positive effect of the BAF1 preparation on chlorophyll content and morphological traits of plants suggests its applicability in order to optimize the culture of French marigold. However, further studies are needed in order to develop a single biopreparation application method and one concentration level having an optimal effect both on chlorophyll content in plants and their morphological traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]