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Purpose – This study aims to conduct a thorough examination and bibliometric analysis of the scholarly articles on PjBL (Project-Based Learning) and 21st-century skills published from 2020 to 2023. The analysis will specifically concentrate on the global distribution of these articles and identifying any prevailing research patterns or trends. Methodology – Utilizing “PjBL” and “21st-century skills” as search terms, the Scopus database was employed for the analysis encompassing annual publications, nations, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords in the field. This analysis was facilitated by VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel 2019 software. Findings – There has been a significant increase in publication volume between 2020 and 2023. Among the 2,472 articles within the Scopus database by the end of October 2023, Indonesia emerged as the primary contributor of publications among all nations. The VOSviewer indicates that the key issues revolve around, project-based learning (PjBL), pedagogy, critical thinking, education, sustainability, higher education, and 21st-century skills. Significance – A comprehensive analysis of the global landscape concerning project-based learning (PjBL) and, between 2020 and 2023, aims to uncover pivotal trends, emerging issues, influential authors, and seminal works in educational research. The anticipated outcomes hold the potential to offer multifaceted insights into PjBL and 21st-century skills, contributing to the exploration of innovative educational methodologies. Additionally, this study’s investigation of specific research inquiries aims to provide a holistic overview, further enriching the understanding of these crucial educational paradigms.

Purpose: This study aims to conduct a thorough examination and bibliometric analysis of the scholarly articles on PjBL (Project-Based Learning) and 21st-century skills published from 2020 to 2023. The analysis will specifically concentrate on the global distribution of these articles and identifying any prevailing research patterns or trends. Methodology: Utilizing "PjBL" and "21st-century skills" as search terms, the Scopus database was employed for the analysis encompassing annual publications, nations, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords in the field. This analysis was facilitated by VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel 2019 software. Findings: There has been a significant increase in publication volume between 2020 and 2023. Among the 2,472 articles within the Scopus database by the end of October 2023, Indonesia emerged as the primary contributor of publications among all nations. The VOSviewer indicates that the key issues revolve around, project-based learning (PjBL), pedagogy, critical thinking, education, sustainability, higher education, and 21st-century skills. Significance: A comprehensive analysis of the global landscape concerning project-based learning (PjBL) and, between 2020 and 2023, aims to uncover pivotal trends, emerging issues, influential authors, and seminal works in educational research. The anticipated outcomes hold the potential to offer multifaceted insights into PjBL and 21st-century skills, contributing to the exploration of innovative educational methodologies. Additionally, this study's investigation of specific research inquiries aims to provide a holistic overview, further enriching the understanding of these crucial educational paradigms.

The potential of Lerak fruit (Sapindus rarak) as a basic ingredient for medicine has been recognized because of its content, which is rich in saponin compounds. Saponin compounds are known to have antimicrobial effects, the ability to inhibit fungal growth, antidiabetic properties, and anti-inflammatory properties. To maximize the content of active compounds, optimization is required, including variations in extraction methods. This study aims to compare the levels of saponins produced by the maceration and Soxhletation extraction methods. Saponin levels were tested using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method with standard Diosgenin. Data were analyzed using independent t-test statistics. The yield of the maceration and Soxhletation extraction methods was 70.59±0.505% and 84.71±1.956% respectively. The results of saponin levels obtained from the maceration and Soxhletation extracts were 1.395±0.005μgde/ml and 1.904±0.015 μgde/ml respectively. The statistical test results showed a significant value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05, with a 95% confidence level. The conclusion of this study was that there were significant differences in saponin levels in the macerated and soxhleted lerak extract, with the highest levels found in the Soxhletation method with levels of 1.904±0.015 μgde/ml.

An ethnobotanical study was conducted to inventory medicinal plants by in the Sumba Tribe of West Umbu Ratu Nggay District, and to determine local perceptions and appreciation of the medicinal plants. Data collection was carried out using direct and indirect interviews. Informants of this study totaled 93 local people, consisting of Sumbanese tribes including village shamans and village elders. This study used data analysis on the perception and appreciation of the use of medicinal plants by the Sumba tribe. Plants obtained from local communities were collected, identified, and documented. The results of the study found 54 species of medicinal plants with 33 families used to treat various diseases in West Umbu Ratu Nggay District. Plants recommended by the Sumba tribe include: Swietenia macrophylla King (mahoni) (0.11%), Acorus calamus L. (genoak/ hiku) (0.10%), Jatropha curcas L. (padamu) (0.10%). The Sumba tribe's perception of the use of medicinal plants with a percentage of 99% (very good) and community appreciation of the use of medicinal plants at 97% (very good).

Previous research has shown that curiosity has an important role in education, especially in learning biological sciences. This review of literature study aims to examine the important role of curiosity in learning biological sciences. The focus in the study is 1) the nature of curiosity, 2) curiosity research in learning, and 3) curiosity in learning. The results of the study that curiosity has a positive contribution to learning include; 1) increase motivation and interest in learning, 2) develop critical thinking skills, creative thinking skills, and improve academic achievement. Curiosity can be developed and enhanced in learning by using problem Based Learning Models(PBL) , Project-Based Learning (PjBL), Inquiry, and Discovery Learning

Abstract Background The identification of banana cultivars genome is needed to provide a valid identity from the accession of bananas which are used as basic data in the management of in situ and ex situ banana conservation as well as for further breeding of banana cultivars. Results The size of PCR-amplified matK ranged from 844 to 860 bp and showed a high variability. The haplotype diversity was 0.9048 with nine haplotypes. Haplotype distribution map revealed the lineage patterns of banana cultivars from Java. Reconstruction of genetic relationships using the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference algorithms produces tree topologies and classifications that are grouped according to their genomic groups, into three main clades, i.e., AA/AAA, AAB and ABB. Based on the previously derived age constraints and fossil data, we estimate (Musaceae) that genetic divergence times of all samples occurred during the Eocene (95% HPD: 51.9 Mya), Musa acuminata group (AA, AAA, AAB) with Musa balbisiana group (BB and ABB) occurred during the Oligocene (95% HPD: 26 Mya), and the separation on each banana cultivars occurred during the Middle Miocene to Pliocene (95% HPD: 16.5–2.5 Mya). Conclusions From this study, we conclude that all studied cultivars are closely related according to its genomic groups with high variation. Genetic variation among those cultivars creates nine haplotypes. The development of variety which leads to the formation of different banana cultivars had suggested to be occurred long ago along with human migration and domestication.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan instrumen diagnostik untuk mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi siswa pada materi jaringan tumbuhan dan hewan di Jawa Timur. Miskonsepsi penting untuk diidentifikasi agar tidak menghambat proses belajar siswa selanjutnya. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah soal pilihan ganda berasalan terbuka sebanyak 30 butir yang telah memenuhi kriteria valid. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 117 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata persentase miskonsepsi materi jaringan tumbuhan sebesar 19,75%, sedangkan pada materi jaringan hewan sebesar 13,83%. Tindak lanjut yang dapat dilakukan untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah menghasilkan instrumen diagnostik yang lebih akurat dalam mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi, serta menambah sampel penelitian di daerah lain.

Biology Entrepreneurship Education has become a mandatory course that imparts a distinct characteristic to its graduates. There is an expectation that students will possess an entrepreneurial spirit and immediately establish businesses upon graduation. However, entrepreneurship education often leaves a gap between expectations and real-world outcomes. This research aims to elucidate reflections on the success of education on Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. We conducted a case study involving students who have completed the biology entrepreneurship course. Twenty students were selected based on specific criteria for in-depth interviews. The findings indicate that all students reported an enhancement in Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, including proficiency in business searching, business planning, business marshalling, and implementation. Additionally, it was observed that a substantial number of college graduates do not pursue entrepreneurship after graduation. Field findings reveal that graduates from entrepreneurial backgrounds are more likely to continue entrepreneurial ventures after graduation. Further research can be conducted to evaluate entrepreneurship education programs focusing on specific post-graduation achievements and the factors influencing graduates in pursuing entrepreneurial endeavours.

Kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (Higher order thinking skills /HOTS) penting bagi siswa untuk memenuhi kompetensi abad ke-21. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan, menguji validitas, kepraktisan, reliabilitas, dan keefektifan instrumen tes kognitif tipe HOTS, RPP, dan LKS materi struktur jaringan dan fungsi organ pada tumbuhan. Produk dikembangkan dengan model ADDIE. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini yaitu produk sangat valid, sangat praktis, reliabel, dan efektif dalam mengukur dan melatih HOTS. Saran dari penelitian ini yaitu produk perlu dikembangkan pada materi lain, memperbanyak jumlah subjek uji coba, ditambahkan dimensi proses, dan ditambahkan gambar tangan.

Pembelajaran abad 21 diharapkan menghasilkan generasi yang produktif, kreatif, inovatif, dan mandiri. Permasalahan yang ditemukan di kelompok sasaran adalah guru mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami KD tentang materi Plantae, mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran materi Plantae, serta menentukan metode dan media pembelajaran. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman materi, mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran, serta menentukan metode dan media pembelajaran materi Plantae. Metode yang diterapkan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pelatihan dan workshop. Luaran dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah perangkat pembelajaran materi Plantae meliputi RPP, LKS, instrumen penilaian, bahan ajar, kunci identifikasi, dan foto herbarium basah dan kering. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa hasil pelatihan dan workshop yang telah diujicobakan oleh guru kepada siswa dapat meningkatkan keaktifan siswa.

Some endophytic fungi species live in medicinal plant tissue and does not make any damage, but live in symbiotic mutualism relationship with the host plant. This research was done to: 1) identify the endophytic fungi species isolated from P. angulata leaf, twig, and stem bark tissues, 2) determine the endophytic fungi colonization in the P. angulata plant tissue by histologic observation. The endophytic fungi was isolated from healthy P. angulata plant parts, then inoculated on Potato Dextrose Agar medium and incubated in 27°C for 7-14 days. Each endophytic fungi isolates were identified. The histologic observation was done by microscopic observation to determine the endophytic fungi position in the plant tissue. The conclusion are: 1) seven endophytic fungi species were found: Penicillium verrucosum, Colletotrichum alienum, Fusarium subglutinans, Aspergillus nidulans, Mycelia sterilia 1, Mycelia sterilia 2, and Rhizoctonia sp.; 2) the endophytic fungi micelium was found on the leaf epidermis cell wall, on the twig epidermis cell wall, and parenchyma cell wall, on the stem bark epidermis cell wall. The suggestion of the study: it is need to make the next research about secondary metabolites content produced by endophytic fungi species isolated from P. angulata and their antimicrobial activity.

Abstract: Science literacy skills are basic skills that must be possessed by students as a provision to be able to integrate their basic understanding related to the coherent scientific concepts. This study aims to look at the effectiveness of the Remap STAD learning model to empower science literacy skills. The study was classified as quasy experimental research using Non equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The population of 234 students includes students of class XI Science with a total of seven classes. The sample used was selected through the equivalence test. The instrument uses an essay test by disregarding indicators of scientific literacy skills. Data were analyzed using One Way Anacova Test. The results obtained that the Remap STAD learning model contributes to empower students' scientific literacy skills. Abstrak: Keterampilan literasi sains merupakan keterampilan dasar yang harus dimiliki peserta didik agar mampu mengintegrasikan pemahaman dengan konsep ilmiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh model pembelajaran Remap STAD terhadap pemberdayaan keterampilan literasi sains. Penelitian ini tergolong penelitian quasy experiment menggunakan Non equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi berjumlah 234 siswa mencakup siswa kelas XI IPA dengan total tujuh kelas. Sampel yang digunakan dipilih melalui hasil uji kesetaraan. Instrumen menggunakan tes esai mengacuh pada indikator keterampilan literasi sains. Analisis menggunakan One Way Anacova Test dan hasilnya model pembelajaran Remap STAD berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan literasi sains peserta didik.

Abstract: Please write the abstract in English and Intisari in Bahasa Indonesia max 100 words. These This study aims to develop diagnostic instruments to identify students' misconceptions in East Java. Misconceptions are important to be identified so as not to impede the students' learning process. The instrument used was a matter of multiple-choice open reason test (MCOR-Test) as many as 30 items that valid. The research sample of 117 students. The results showed that the average percentage of plant tissue misconceptions was 19.75%, while that of animal tissue was 13.83%. Furthermore, accurate and valid instruments are needed to detect conceptions on a broader scale. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan instrumen diagnostik untuk mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi siswa pada materi jaringan tumbuhan dan hewan di Jawa Timur. Miskonsepsi penting untuk diidentifikasi agar tidak menghambat proses belajar siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Multiple Choice Open Reason Test sebanyak 30 butir yang telah memenuhi kriteria valid. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 117 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata persentase miskonsepsi materi jaringan tumbuhan sebesar 19,75%, sedangkan pada materi jaringan hewan sebesar 13,83%. Selanjutnya, diperlukan instrumen yang akurat dan valid untuk mendeteksi miskonsepsi pada skala yang lebih luas.

Abstract: The RICOSRE learning model can influence the decision making skills of class X students of two high school. The research used was quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest non-equivalent control group design. The research sample was students of two high school which are determined by random sampling. Data collected in the form of pretest and posttest scores. It used Anakova technique to analyze the data. The result confirmed that the RICOSRE learning model affected the decision making skills of class X students with an increase of 63.69%. Abstrak: Model pembelajaran RICOSRE dapat berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan pengambilan keputusan siswa kelas X di kedua SMA. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan pretest posttest non-equivalent control group design. Sampel penelitian, yaitu siswa di kedua SMA yang ditentukan secara random sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa skor pretest dan posttest. Analisis data menggunakan teknik Anakova dan hasilnya yaitu model pembelajaran RICOSRE berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan pengambilan keputusan siswa kelas X dengan peningkatan sebesar 63,69%.

Purpose - This study aims to conduct a thorough examination and bibliometric analysis of the scholarly articles on PjBL (Project-Based Learning) and 21st-century skills published from 2020 to 2023. The analysis will specifically concentrate on the global distribution of these articles and identifying any prevailing research patterns or trends. Methodology - Utilizing "PjBL" and "21st-century skills" as search terms, the Scopus database was employed for the analysis encompassing annual publications, nations, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords in the field. This analysis was facilitated by VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel 2019 software. Findings - There has been a significant increase in publication volume between 2020 and 2023. Among the 2,472 articles within the Scopus database by the end of October 2023, Indonesia emerged as the primary contributor of publications among all nations. The VOSviewer indicates that the key issues revolve around, project-based learning (PjBL), pedagogy, critical thinking, education, sustainability, higher education, and 21st-century skills. Significance - A comprehensive analysis of the global landscape concerning project-based learning (PjBL) and, between 2020 and 2023, aims to uncover pivotal trends, emerging issues, influential authors, and seminal works in educational research. The anticipated outcomes hold the potential to offer multifaceted insights into PjBL and 21st-century skills, contributing to the exploration of innovative educational methodologies. Additionally, this study's investigation of specific research inquiries aims to provide a holistic overview, further enriching the understanding of these crucial educational paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]