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C30H28Cl2N6O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 15.812(5) Å, b = 8.820(3) Å, c = 22.615(7) Å, β = 109.814(10)°, V = 2967.2(16) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0489, wRref(F2) = 0.1302, T = 296(2) K.

C13H12ClN3, orthorhombic, Fdd2 (no. 43), a = 28.7760(11) Å, b = 41.7393(17) Å, c = 8.5929(3) Å, V = 10,320.8(7) Å3, Z = 32, Rgt(F) = 0.0477, wRref(F2) = 0.0976, T = 296 K.

C15H11N5S, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 9.7864(2) Å, b = 15.5709(3) Å, c = 18.7774(4) Å, V = 2861.36(10) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0485, wRref(F2) = 0.1390, T = 296.15 K.

C21H18N4S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 18.264(2) Å, b = 11.6302(14) Å, c = 8.9289(10) Å, β = 101.683(7)°, V = 1857.3(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0435, wRref(F2) = 0.1122, T = 296(2) K.

C30H28Cl2N6O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 15.812(5) Å, b = 8.820(3) Å, c = 22.615(7) Å, β = 109.814(10)°, V = 2967.2(16) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0489, wRref(F2) = 0.1302, T = 296(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C13H12ClN3, orthorhombic, Fdd2 (no. 43), a = 28.7760(11) Å, b = 41.7393(17) Å, c = 8.5929(3) Å, V = 10,320.8(7) Å3, Z = 32, R gt (F) = 0.0477, wR ref (F 2) = 0.0976, T = 296 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comment 1,2,4-Triazole compounds are attractive because of their excellent biological activity [[6]], [[7]], [[8]]. The bond angles and bond lengths of the title compound (pyridine ring, 1,2,4-triazole ring and phenyl ring) are all in the normal ranges [[11]-[13]]. A pyridinyl substituted 1,2,4-triazole possessed diversity biological activities, such as antimicrobial activity [[9]] and there are related compounds that show fungicidal activity [[10]]. [Extracted from the article]

C21H18N4S, monoclinic, P21/ c (no. 14), a = 18.264(2) Å, b = 11.6302(14) Å, c = 8.9289(10) Å, β = 101.683(7)°, V = 1857.3(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt (F) = 0.0435, w Rref( F2) = 0.1122, T = 296(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C30H28Cl2N6O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 15.812(5) Å, b = 8.820(3) Å, c = 22.615(7) Å, β = 109.814(10)°, V = 2967.2(16) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0489, wRref(F2) = 0.1302, T = 296(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of Naoxintong Capsule (NC) on carotid artery vas- cular remodeling (VR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with subclinical vascular disease. Methods A total of 180 T2DM patients with subclinical atherosclerosis (AS) were randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group in the ratio of 1:1 , 90 in each group. All patients took conven- tional hypoglycemic therapy, and the choices of therapeutic drugs and doses were selected according to patients' conditions. Patients in the observation group additionally took NC (3 pills each time, three times per day) , while those in the control group took no interventional drug. The therapeutic course for all was 6 months. The size and nature of bilateral carotid artery plaque were measured before and after treatment using color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument. Bilateral carotid artery intimal-medial thickness (IMT) , plaque area (PA) , total vascular area (TVA) , lumen area (LA) , peak systolic velocity (PSV) , end diastolic velocity (EDV) , vascular resistance index (VRI) , and pulsatility index (PI) were measured. The total plaque score, unstable plaque detection rate, stenosis rate (S) , and refactoring index ( RI) were calculated. Levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) , glycated hemoglobin Al c (HbA1 c) , triglyceride (TG) , total cholesterol (TC) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C) , and low density lipopro- tein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected. Results Compared with before treatment in the same group, carotid artery IMT and plaque score decreased, levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, FPG, and HbAlc were reduced, PSV, EDV and PI increased, and VRI decreased in both two groups after treatment, with statisti- cal significance (P <0. 05). More obvious effects were shown in decreasing carotid artery IMT, plaque score, PA, and unstable plaque detection rate, reducing levels of TC, LDL-C and VRI, and increasing HDL-C, PSV, and EDV in the observation group, with statistical difference as compared with the control group (P <0. 05). After treatment the reconstruction rate and negative remodeling increased in the control group, with statistical difference as compared with before treatment (P <0. 05). Compared with the control group after treatment, the negative remodeling increased more in the observation group after treatment (X2 =6. 4615, P <0. 05). Conclusion NC could alleviate the carotid artery IMT, reduce and stabilize the plaque, improve blood flow parameters, and delay vascular reconstruction for treating T2DM patients with subclinical vascular disease.

Objective: To understand the status of newly-developed advanced schistosomiasis patients in schistosome transmission-interrupted areas., Methods: The newly diagnosed advanced schistosomiasis patients confirmed by professionals at province and county levels according to the available standards were investigated. Their detailed epidemiology history and present signs/ symptoms were surveyed, and the relevant medical examinations were performed., Results: There were 75 patients including 22 males and 53 females. The average age was (70.0 +/- 7.0) years and they were all infected with schistosome previously. They received anti-schistosome therapy (mean 1.85 times) and stool examinations (mean 26.24 times) continuously from 1976 to 1985, and the results of stool examination were all negative. In majority of the patients' resident areas, the last time that Oncomelania hupensis snails were found was 1976, and the latest was 1983. During this period, no patients were up to the diagnostic criteria of advanced schistosomiasis after multiple examinations, and they were diagnosed as advanced cases between 2008 and 2011. The survey indicated that liver fibrosis was found in all the patients with 82.7% showing grad III pathological change, 90.7% of them had splenomegaly, 20.0% had ascites, and 22.7% had portal vein broadening. The mean value of enzyme indexes of liver function was 31.81 U/L (ALT), 53.19 U/L (AST) and 89.28 U/L (gamma-GT), and the positive rate was 21.3%, 49.3% and 57.3%, respectively. As for the fibrosis indexes, the positive rate of HA, LN, C VI and P III P was 73.3%, 13.3%, 17.3% and 9.3%, respectively, and the mean value of HA was 3 times higher than that of the upper limit of normal standard. Conclusions Newly-developed advanced schistosomiasis patients are those who were dignosed and cured parasitologically but progressed pathologically without any chance of re-infection. Anti-fibrosis therapy is necessary as the patients show considerable progressive liver fibrosis.

Objective: To establish the fingerprint of mountain cultivated ginseng by HPLC and compare the fingerprint with that of wild ginseng for the quality control., Methods: The analysis was carried out on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) with a mobile phase consisting of water-acetonitrile with gradient elution, and the flow rate was 1 mL/min. The column temperature was set at (30 +/- 0.15) degrees C and UV detection wavelength was set at 203 nm., Results: There were 15 common peaks in the fingerprint of mountain cultivated ginseng. The similarities of 10 batches ginseng were between 0.90 and 1.00., Conclusion: This method has good characteristics and specificity, and could be used for quality control of mountain cultivated ginseng. The type and content of components in wild ginseng were slightly higher than those in mountain cultivation ones.

The HPLC fingerprints of Niuhuangjiedu tablets (NHJDT) were established and assessed by systematic quantified fingerprint method. The chromatographic fingerprints (CFPs) were determined by reversed-phase HPLC, in which the CFPs containing 53 co-possessing peaks were marked by choosing baicalin peak as the referential peak. Fifteen batches of NHJDT were identified with hierarchical clustering analysis by using macro qualitative similarities and macro quantitative similarities as variables. According to the results of classification, the referential fingerprint (RFP) was synthesized from 10 batches of NHJDTs. Taking the RFP for the qualified model, the whole 15 batches of NHJDTs were evaluated by the systematic quantified fingerprint method. Among the 15 batches of NHJDT, 9 batches were completely qualified, the relative variance of leveling coefficient of 1 batch was obviously higher while the contents of other 5 batches were lower. The systematic quantified fingerprint method closely integrates the systematic fingerprints with the macro qualitative similarities and macro quantitative similarities to perform the entire qualification and quantitation analyses, which can briefly and effectively assess the quality of Chinese traditional medicine.

Objective: To compare the applicability of the three diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome (MS) proposed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005, Adult Treatment Panel III of National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-ATP III) in 2005 and Chinese Diabetes Socie (CDS) in 2004., Methods: Based on the findings of cohort study of multiple metabolic disorders and metabolic syndrome (1971 cases) in Jiangsu province, MS was diagnosed according to these three definitions respectively, and by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curve distance, those with lower false positive and false negative rates were identified as to detecting cardio vascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While, through Cox regression analysis, to compare their relative risk (RR) and 95% confidential interval (CI) was wade., Results: Among three diagnostic criteria, the specificity by CDS of MS was higher than the other criteria (83.52%, 76.36%, 89.57%; 85.02%, 78.67%, 92.28%), however the sensitivity of CDS of MS was low (40.82%, 29.47%). When using CDS, over 50 percent of diagnosis might be missed. ATP III definition corresponded to the shortest distance in ROC curve, namely, at the diagnostic criteria, the rates of false positive and false negative for identifying clustering of CVD and T2DM were minimum (0.4369; 0.5777). The incidence of CVD [5.59 (2.62 - 11.92) vs 2.90 (1.41 - 5.93)], T2DM [3.36 (1.92 - 5.79) vs 1.97 (1.16 - 3.34)] was significantly higher in cases of ATP III+/IDF-than ATP III+/IDF+, as compared with ATP III-/IDF-., Conclusion: Among three diagnostic criteria, the ATP III definition of the MS should be the most applicable diagnostic criteria for MS in Jiangsu population.

By setting up the organic additive model of chemical fingerprints of TCM-compound, the quantified fingerprint method had been established to solve the qualitative and quantitative analyses problems for both the fingerprint attribution ratio and process recovery of medicinal effective components in TCM-compound prescription. The method firstly performs the qualitative analyses of the attribution ratios, and then the quantitative analyses, which can successfully disclose the results of attribution ratio and determine the process recovery of the medicinal effective components for TCM-compound prescription. Three optional methods were represented to assess the amount and distribution proportion of chemical compositions for single crude drug to compound prescription. In terms of components absorbed ultraviolet light, S5 (Radix Scutellariae) was assessed to be the most important crude drug containing much more effective components, and S7 (Radix Gentianae), S4 (Flos Lonicerae Japonica), S8 (Rhizome Anemarrhena) and S9 (Fructus Gardeniae) were second important crude drugs. The results showed lower process recovery of the medicinal effective components for eight batches of marketed preparations. Above all, the quantified fingerprint method can objectively and accurately reflect how high is the contribution of a single crude drug to the compound prescription, and quantitatively evaluate the process recovery of medicinal effectiveness components.

To explore the differences between the qualitative similarity and the quantitative similarity of chromatographic fingerprints of traditional Chinese medicines, the quantitative similarity calculated by vector shadow C%, apparent quantitative similarity R%, quantitative similarity P%, etc. were firstly proposed to disclose the quantitative information characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines fingerprints. The HPLC fingerprints of both the standard Fructus gardeniae and the ten batches of Fructus gardeniae produced in different places were evaluated by the new parameters to obtain good results. The contrasted fingerprint contained 35 peaks while geniposide was selected as the reference peak. The HPLC fingerprint had good precision and reproducibility with the RSD of the relative retention time less than 1.5% and the RSD of the relative peak area within 5%. The qualitative similarity and quantitative similarity between each crude drug and the contrasted fingerprint were quantitatively calculated, the values of C%, P%, etc., were applied in the quality control practice, which had less errors. What is more, this method could be used for the overall quality control of Fructus gardeniae and especially suits for qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the chromatographic fingerprints both in chemical constituent distribution and in contents. The quantitative parameters such as C% and P% can be used to objectively, authentically and thoroughly display the content information characteristics. When they combined with the qualitative similarity, it will be the good method to evaluate the chromatographic fingerprints of traditional Chinese medicines.

Objective: To compare the significance of the application in Jiangsu population using the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome(MS) proposed by the IDF in 2005, ATP III in 2005 and CDS in 2004., Methods: Based on the populations in Jiangsu province from a project of Multiple Metabolic Disorders and MS, the study was conducted including 5888 cases, with data of plasma glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, serum insulin etc. MS was diagnosed and compared according to these three definitions respectively., Results: The age-adjusted MS prevalence rates were 17.48%, 21.95% and 9.59% according to the IDF(2005), ATP III (2005) and CDS (2004) respectively. The agreement in the diagnosis of MS using ATP III (2005) and CDS(2004) definitions was 85.11%, and the agreement in the diagnosis of MS using IDF(2005) and CDS definitions was 87.35%. The agreement in the diagnosis of MS using IDF (2005) and ATP III (2005) definitions was 95.14%. The MS subjects diagnosed by the ATP III (2005) was 1.26 higher than subjects diagnosed by the IDF(2005) definition. The ratios of prevalence rates of high waist circumference(WC), MS&#95;IDF (2005) and MS&#95;ATP III (2005) was 2.17, 1.99 and 1.54 in sex ratio (woman to man)., Conclusion: The agreement in the diagnosis of MS using the IDF(2005) and ATP III (2005) definition was higher than using CDS(2004) and other two definitions. For diagnosing MS, the cut off of WC in IDF(2005) and ATP III (2005) seemed not appropriate and the diagnostic criteria used for ATP III (2005) (waist circumference of man 85 cm, woman 80 cm) could identify more MS.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Jiangsu province, using IDF 2005 and ATP III 2005 definition., Methods: Multistage cluster sampling method was used and the participants were interviewed by trained health workers under a structured questionnaire. The number of research subjects was 5888. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood lipids, body mass index, blood pressure (BP) of all sample population (5888 subjects) were measured., Results: The prevalence of MS was 17.48% by IDF 2005 definition and 21.95% by ATP lII 2005 definition. Women had higher prevalence than men (P < 0.01). The prevalence of MS increased with age. Abrupt increase of the prevalence started at age of 50 in women. The prevalence varied by education, marital status, occupation and income. People from the urban and the south had a higher prevalence than from the rural and from the northern part of the country. The most common combination of MS individual components were 1) central obesity, dislipidemia and high BP; 2) central obesity, dislipidemia, high BP and high FPG., Conclusion: The prevalence of MS was high in Jiangsu province. Clustering of MS components was common. It is necessary to discuss the cut-off points of central obesity for the waist circumference diagnostic criteria of MS in Chinese population. The importance of prevention of MS should be strengthened both by health professionals and the government.

Aim: To exploit the characteristic digital criterion for the potential information characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprints, the 37 parameters such as F and I were firstly proposed to disclose the potential information characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine fingerprints., Methods: The HPLC fingerprints of the Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) , Ginkgo leaf extract and diphyridamole injection (GLEDI), Ixeris sonchifolia Hance (ISH) and Ixeris sonchifolia Hance injection (ISHI) were compared each other., Results: As far as the peak signal intensity, the uniform of peak signal, resolution and the fingerprint information were concerned. The GBE fingerprint was better than the GLEDI's, and the ISH fingerprint was also better than the ISHI's, then GBE fingerprint was close to the ISHI' s., Conclusion: The 37 parameters such as F and I can be used to objectively, authentically and thoroughly display the potential information characteristics of the traditional Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprints.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) on metabolic health risks (MHR)., Methods: Based on data from two community populations (Suzhou city and Changshu city) derived from a project on 'multiple metabolic disorders and metabolic syndrome' in Jiangsu province. 1604 subjects were divided into groups as normal weight (BMI: 18-23.9), overweight (BMI: 24-27.9) and obesity (BMI > or = 28) according to BMI measurement. According to the results from WC measurement, they were grouped as abdominal obesity (male: > or = 85 cm; female: > or = 80 cm) and normal. Relative risks (RR) for hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia were calculated., Results: In males and females, the mark values of hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia as well as the prevalence of MS were related to BMI and WC. The relativity remained true when the confounding factors were under control. Among the overweight group, the aRR of all these metabolic health risks were basically lower than those when the overweight group and the abdominal obesity group were combined. Both in males and females, when groups combining normal weight with abdominal obesity group, the aRR of all these metabolic health risks were higher than overweight group combining with normal WC group in most of the cases., Conclusion: As to the effect of BMI and WC on metabolic health risks, WC--the mark of abdominal obesity seemed to be more effective than BMI.

Objective: To study the relation between blood pressure level in prehypertensives and multiple metabolic disorders., Methods: Based on the populations in Jiangsu province from the project of Multiple Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome, a case-control study was conducted including 585 cases of isolated systolic prehypertensive,746 cases of diastolic-systolic prehypertensive, 340 cases of isolated diastolic prehypertensive and 1755 individuals with normal blood pressure., Results: The occurrence of triglyceride(TG), body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC) disorders were significantly higher in the three case groups than in the normal blood pressare group. Among case groups, 50% of them had at least one more metabolic abnormalities as compared to 35% in the controls., Conclusion: Among patients in prehypertensive stage, TG disorder was most popular in multiple metabolic disorders. Prehypertensive was associated with WC, BMI and age, indicating that there had already been collections of cardiovascular risk factors in the prehypertensive stage.

Aim: The index F and relative index Fr of chromatographic fingerprints were firstly proposed to indicate how bountiful was the information in traditional Chinese medicines chromatographic fingerprints, how better was the separation effect, how high was the peak signal and how equal were the peak areas., Methods: The index F and relative index Fr of chromatographic fingerprints were firstly applied to evaluate the chromatographic fingerprints results of traditional Chinese medicines determined by the reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method and high performance capillary electrophoresis., Results: The Shegan Kangbingdu injection and all its traditional Chinese medicines ingredients had been evaluated by F and Fr, so did for the HPLC fingerprints of Radix salviae miltiorrhizae reported in literature. As the same time, the F and Fr of the capillary electrophoresis fingerprints of Folium isatidis, Rhizoma belamcandae and compound liquorice tablets were successfully determined. As far as F was concerned, there was no evident difference between HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (CE), but the Fr values came from CE was usually a thousand times more than that from HPLC., Conclusion: The F and Fr can be applied to evaluate objectively, simply and thoroughly the chromatographic fingerprints.

Objective: To assess and analyze the risk and community treatment of hypertension in rural population of Changshu city, Jiangsu province., Methods: A stratified cluster sampling technique was conducted to select a sample of 800 people, aged 35 - 74 years old, in a rural village according to the proportion of the national population in Changshu. Weight, height, blood pressure, serum lipid, blood glucose and other related factors were examined and analyzed., Results: The prevalence rate of hypertension in the rural area was 32.01%, and significantly higher with the increase of age (P < 0.01). The average systolic blood pressure of hypertension in females was significantly positively correlated while, the average diastolic blood pressure of male and female hypertensives was significantly negatively correlated to age. The proportions of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as senility, hyperlipemia, premature familial history of CVD and overweight of hypertension were significantly high than those without hypertension (P < 0.01). The percentage of medium-low risk on hypertension was 85.72%, but of high risk was 14.28%. The ratio of using medication, exclusive non-medication, comprehensive treatment or total cure were 42.05%, 2.84%, 14.20% and 59.09%, accordingly. The rates of blood pressure control under the above approaches were 35.14%, 40.00%, 36.00% and 39.77%., Conclusion: Assessment on the risk of hypertension in the rural areas suggested that the priority should be given to medium-low risk groups, while the rate of medication and non-medicine intervention was at low level. It is necessary to strengthen a comprehensive intervention program for hypertension control.

The morphine in opium powder has been quantitatively determined by addition and correlation method (ACM), in which capillary zone electrophoresis was applied, and the average recovery was 100.6%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of migration time was not more than 2.4%, the RSD of relative migration time was not more than 1.1%, and the RSD of the relative area was not more than 0.51%. Meanwhile, the contrast test has been done by the calibration curve method with an internal standard correlation. The content of morphine in opium powder determined by ACM was the same as that by using the calibration curve method with an internal standard correlated. The study shows that ACM is simple, quick and accurate.

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was used to quantitatively determine the contents of glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, morphine and sodium benzoate in compound liquorice tablets. The detection wavelength was 228 nm and the applied voltage was 14 kV. Borax solution of 50 mmol/L was used as the background electrolyte and hydrochlorothiazide as the internal standard. There were all good linear relationships between the concentrations and the relative areas of glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, morphine and sodium benzoate. Their average recoveries were 98.2%, 97.3%, 97.1% and 97.5%, respectively. The method is simple, rapid and accurate.