Search

Motivated by the more and more abundant experimental data, we revisit the couplings of axion-like particle (ALP) to electroweak gauge bosons across the ALP mass range from MeV to 100 GeV. The current and future experimental limits on the couplings are extended. The ALP coupling to $W$-bosons gives rise to flavor-changing ALP-quark couplings at the one-loop level. These flavor-changing couplings deserve further investigation under current experimental constraints, especially those stemming from rare meson decays and neutral meson mixing processes. Additionally, flavor-conserving couplings of the ALP to Standard Model (SM) fermions arise at the one-loop level as well from ALP-electroweak gauge boson couplings, even in the absence of tree-level couplings to these SM fermions, with consequent ALP decays to the SM fermions leading to constraints on the ALP-electroweak gauge boson couplings. We also investigate processes relevant to $Z$-boson measurements, such as the invisible decay $Z\to a\gamma$, subsequent decays $Z\to 3\gamma$ and $Z\to \gamma ll$, as well as constraints from oblique parameters ($S,\, T,\, U$). Our study highlights that rare two-body decays of pseudoscalar mesons offer the most sensitive probes of ALP couplings to electroweak gauge bosons from the loop-induced flavor-violating interactions for ALP masses below the kinematic threshold, while $Z$-boson decays complementarily explore larger ALP masses. Future lepton colliders, such as CEPC and FCC-ee operating at the $Z$-pole, along with SHiP, provide further opportunities to probe ALP couplings to electroweak gauge bosons., Comment: 22 page, 5 figures. Any comments are welcome

Recently, the Belle II Collaboration reported the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to K^+ \nu \bar{\nu})=(2.3\pm0.7)\times10^{-5}$ with a significance of $3.5\sigma$, which is $2.7\sigma$ above the SM expectation. Motivated by this measurement, we calculate this decay channel at the NLO and twist-3 level using the PQCD approach. By combining the lattice QCD data and our results, we obtain form factors with improved accuracy. Using these form factors, we precisely estimate the branching ratios of $B^+ \to K^+$ semileptonic FCNC decays, including $B^+ \to K^+\nu\bar\nu$ and $B^+ \to K^+\ell^+\ell^-$. To explain the anomalies in these two processes, we introduce a leptoquark model as a new physics scenario. Using five possible types of leptoquarks, we successfully explain the latest experimental measurements, and further constraints on the leptoquarks are derived., Comment: 14 pages 6 figures

In this paper, we study the hot spots conjecture on Riemannian manifolds with isothermal coordinates and analytic metrics, such as hyperbolic spaces $\mathbb{D}^n$ and spheres $S^n$ for $n\geq 2$. We prove that for some (possibly non-convex) Lipschitz domains in such a Riemannian manifold, which are generalizations of lip domains and symmetric domains with two axes of symmetry in $\mathbb{R}^2$, the hot spot conjecture holds., Comment: Lemma 10 in the paper was wrong and proofs of conclusions no longer hold

The $U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$ $Z'$ model has emerged as a promising candidate to address the longstanding muon $(g-2)_\mu$ anomaly. Flavor-conserving $Z'$ interactions are subject to stringent constraints from the neutrino trident process and NA64$\mu$ experiments, which limit the $Z'$ mass to $m_{Z'}<40$ MeV. To circumvent these constraints, flavor-conserving $Z'$ interactions can be converted into maximal flavor-violating interactions through a discrete exchange symmetry. Maximal flavor-violating $Z'$ interactions contribute to $\tau\to\mu\nu\bar\nu$ via the neutral current, yet the parameter space for this process conflicts with the $(g-2)_\mu$ allowed regions. To resolve this conflict, we propose introducing a singly-charged scalar that mediates via charged current interactions. This scalar is anticipated to produce a negative contribution to the lepton $(g-2)_l$ while concurrently inducing the tau decay $\tau\to\mu\nu\bar\nu$. Three distinct scenarios arise from the introduction of singly-charged scalars: the $\mathcal{O}_{LL}$ operator, driven by weak singlet and triplet, and the $\mathcal{O}_{LR}$ operator, driven by weak doublet. Our analysis of the phenomenology in these three cases reveals that the tension between the muon $(g-2)_\mu$ anomaly and $\tau\to\mu\nu\bar\nu$ for large $Z'$ masses can be effectively alleviated only by the singly-charged scalars from the weak triplet, whereas the singlet and doublet scenarios fall short. Furthermore, the singly-charged scalars from the weak triplet offer an additional explanation for the electron $(g-2)_e$ anomaly. Our findings indicate that weak triplets could play a crucial role in $Z'$ models, potentially providing valuable insights for future research into $U(1)$ frameworks., Comment: The general scalar potentials are analyzed. The paper has been accepted by PRD

Predicting gene function from its DNA sequence is a fundamental challenge in biology. Many deep learning models have been proposed to embed DNA sequences and predict their enzymatic function, leveraging information in public databases linking DNA sequences to an enzymatic function label. However, much of the scientific community's knowledge of biological function is not represented in these categorical labels, and is instead captured in unstructured text descriptions of mechanisms, reactions, and enzyme behavior. These descriptions are often captured alongside DNA sequences in biological databases, albeit in an unstructured manner. Deep learning of models predicting enzymatic function are likely to benefit from incorporating this multi-modal data encoding scientific knowledge of biological function. There is, however, no dataset designed for machine learning algorithms to leverage this multi-modal information. Here we propose a novel dataset and benchmark suite that enables the exploration and development of large multi-modal neural network models on gene DNA sequences and natural language descriptions of gene function. We present baseline performance on benchmarks for both unsupervised and supervised tasks that demonstrate the difficulty of this modeling objective, while demonstrating the potential benefit of incorporating multi-modal data types in function prediction compared to DNA sequences alone. Our dataset is at: https://hoarfrost-lab.github.io/BioTalk/.

An increasing number of experimental measurements from the BESIII, Belle, and Belle-II collaborations encourage investigations into charmed baryon two-body decay processes. By including contributions from the penguin diagrams that are ignored in previous studies, we perform a global analysis with SU(3) flavor symmetry. Assuming all form factors are real, we achieve a remarkable minimal $\chi^{2}/d.o.f = 0.788$ and find that the contribution of the amplitude proportional to $V_{cb}^*V_{ub}$ is of the order $\sim 0.01$, comparable with the contribution of the tree-level diagram. Additionally, by using the KPW theorem to reduce the number of amplitudes from 13 to 7 in the leading contribution, it becomes possible to consider the complex form factor case for the leading IRA amplitude in the global analysis. However, the analysis of complex form factors significantly conflicts with the experimental data $Br(\Xi_c^0\to\Xi^-\pi^+)$, and by excluding this data, $\chi^2/d.o.f$ is reduced from 5.95 to 1.19. Although the analysis of complex form factors shows a significant central value of the penguin diagram contribution, the large errors from the corresponding form factors make it a challenge to precisely determine its true contribution. Consequently, the direct CP violation in decay processes is predicted to be approximately zero. With more data in future experiments, the penguin diagram contribution with the amplitude proportional to $V_{cb}^*V_{ub}$ will be precisely determined, allowing for a more accurate prediction of CP violation. Our analysis necessitates further theoretical investigations and experimental measurements in the future., Comment: 13 pages, accepted by EPJC

The SU(3) analysis is considered a powerful tool in charmed baryon decays. Motivated by recent measurements of anti-triplet charmed baryon two-body decays from the Belle, Belle II, and BESIII Collaborations, we have finally determined the last two IRA form factors, $f^{a\prime}$ and $g^{a\prime}$, which were absent in previous work. By considering both real and complex form factor cases in our work, we find that the phases of the form factors are necessary and that complex form factors can explain the experimental data well. Using the fitted form factors, we further numerically study the equivalence of the SU(3) irreducible representation amplitude (IRA) and topological diagrammatic approach (TDA) methods. We find that the IRA and TDA methods can be numerically equivalent with the addition of the new form factors. Based on the conclusions above, and considering some interesting scenarios, the CP violation effects can be predicted in these processes at the order of $O(10^{-3})$. This suggests a promising opportunity to observe CP violation for the first time in charmed baryon decays. Although our predictions depend on some assumptions, considering that the experimental data is far from sufficient to determine CPV through SU(3) analysis, our study is meaningful and instructive for observing CPV at experimental facilities., Comment: 12 pages, 1 figures, 4 tablea

Single-image relighting is a challenging task that involves reasoning about the complex interplay between geometry, materials, and lighting. Many prior methods either support only specific categories of images, such as portraits, or require special capture conditions, like using a flashlight. Alternatively, some methods explicitly decompose a scene into intrinsic components, such as normals and BRDFs, which can be inaccurate or under-expressive. In this work, we propose a novel end-to-end 2D relighting diffusion model, called Neural Gaffer, that takes a single image of any object and can synthesize an accurate, high-quality relit image under any novel environmental lighting condition, simply by conditioning an image generator on a target environment map, without an explicit scene decomposition. Our method builds on a pre-trained diffusion model, and fine-tunes it on a synthetic relighting dataset, revealing and harnessing the inherent understanding of lighting present in the diffusion model. We evaluate our model on both synthetic and in-the-wild Internet imagery and demonstrate its advantages in terms of generalization and accuracy. Moreover, by combining with other generative methods, our model enables many downstream 2D tasks, such as text-based relighting and object insertion. Our model can also operate as a strong relighting prior for 3D tasks, such as relighting a radiance field., Comment: Project Website: https://neural-gaffer.github.io

We show that a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) with an initial misalignment angle can drive successful spontaneous baryogenesis, and become a good dark matter candidate if the corresponding global symmetry is non-restored at high temperatures. Considering a dimension-five explicit breaking operator, we find that the pNGB starts its motion with a sliding across rapidly decreasing potential barriers during which the baryon asymmetry is generated and frozen, and later it oscillates as dark matter. It is predicted that the pNGB mass and decay constant are around $5\,{\rm eV}$ and $3\times10^6\,{\rm GeV}$, respectively, while the radial mode has a light mass $O(10)\,{\rm MeV}$ and a small mixing $O(10^{-4})$ with the Higgs boson. Applied to the Majoron in the type-I seesaw model, the heaviest right-handed neutrino is required to be as light as $100\,{\rm GeV}$. These predictions can be tested at kaon experiments, heavy neutral lepton searches, LHC, and future colliders., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures with supplemental material, v2: discussion on the isocurvature perturbation constraint and references added

Ramsey's Theorem states that a graph $G$ has bounded order if and only if $G$ contains no complete graph $K_n$ or empty graph $E_n$ as its induced subgraph. The Gy\'arf\'as-Sumner conjecture says that a graph $G$ has bounded chromatic number if and only if it contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to $K_n$ or a tree $T$. The deficiency of a graph is the number of vertices that cannot be covered by a maximum matching. In this paper, we prove a Ramsey type theorem for deficiency, i.e., we characterize all the forbidden induced subgraphs for graphs $G$ with bounded deficiency. As an application, we answer a question proposed by Fujita, Kawarabayashi, Lucchesi, Ota, Plummer and Saito (JCTB, 2006)., Comment: 17 pages

The study of non-Fermi liquids sheds light on unconventional phenomena in condensed matter systems that lie beyond the scope of Landau Fermi liquid theory. One intriguing example is the Bose metal, characterized by an uncondensed bosonic ground state. However, constructing a Bose metal phase in two dimensions (2D) remains a significant challenge.} Utilizing constraint path quantum Monte Carlo and functional renormalization group methods on a fermionic system with spin anisotropy in a 2D lattice, we reveal the emergence of a Cooper pair Bose metal (CPBM) phase in a highly anisotropic regime ($\alpha < 0.30$) with wide range of filling, as proposed in [A. E. Feiguin and M. P. A. Fisher, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 025303 (2009)]. Our findings exhibit a visible nonzero momentum Bose surface in the Cooper-pair distribution function, accompanied by a distinct signal of $d_{xy}$ correlation between pairs. Our results highlight that spin-dependent anisotropy in the Fermi surface leads to versatile pairing forms. Platforms such as ultracold atoms in optical lattices and recently proposed altermagnets hold promise for realizing this intriguing phase., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures

To tackle the "reality gap" encountered in Sim-to-Real transfer, this study proposes a diffusion-based framework that minimizes inconsistencies in grasping actions between the simulation settings and realistic environments. The process begins by training an adversarial supervision layout-to-image diffusion model(ALDM). Then, leverage the ALDM approach to enhance the simulation environment, rendering it with photorealistic fidelity, thereby optimizing robotic grasp task training. Experimental results indicate this framework outperforms existing models in both success rates and adaptability to new environments through improvements in the accuracy and reliability of visual grasping actions under a variety of conditions. Specifically, it achieves a 75\% success rate in grasping tasks under plain backgrounds and maintains a 65\% success rate in more complex scenarios. This performance demonstrates this framework excels at generating controlled image content based on text descriptions, identifying object grasp points, and demonstrating zero-shot learning in complex, unseen scenarios.

Motivated by recent experimental data on $\Sigma^+\to p\gamma$ at BESIII, we investigate a class of hyperon weak radiative decays. To estimate these processes, in our research, we employ a new type of light-front quark model with a three-quark picture for octet baryons. In the three-quark picture, with the use of $SU(3)_f$ and spin symmetries, we present a general form of the light front wave function for each octet baryon. By including contributions from the penguin diagram and W exchange diagram, we perform a complete calculation on the branching ratios ($Br$) and the asymmetry parameter ($\alpha$) for hyperon weak radiative decay processes. Our results are helpful for discovering additional hyperon weak radiative decay processes in experimental facilities, and our research will promote the theoretical study of baryons., Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables

The accurate modeling of indoor radio propagation is crucial for localization, monitoring, and device coordination, yet remains a formidable challenge, due to the complex nature of indoor environments where radio can propagate along hundreds of paths. These paths are resulted from the room layout, furniture, appliances and even small objects like a glass cup. They are also influenced by the object material and surface roughness. Advanced machine learning (ML) techniques have the potential to take such non-linear and hard-to-model factors into consideration. However, extensive and fine-grained datasets are urgently required. This paper presents WiSegRT, an open-source dataset for indoor radio propagation modeling. Generated by a differentiable ray tracer within the segmented 3-dimensional (3D) indoor environments, WiSegRT provides site-specific channel impulse responses for each grid point relative to the given transmitter location. We expect WiSegRT to support a wide-range of applications, such as ML-based channel prediction, accurate indoor localization, radio-based object detection, wireless digital twin, and more., Comment: accepted by IEEE ICNC 2024

The learn-from-observation (LfO) paradigm is a human-inspired mode for a robot to learn to perform a task simply by watching it being performed. LfO can facilitate robot integration on factory floors by minimizing disruption and reducing tedious programming. A key component of the LfO pipeline is a transformation of the depth camera frames to the corresponding task state and action pairs, which are then relayed to learning techniques such as imitation or inverse reinforcement learning for understanding the task parameters. While several existing computer vision models analyze videos for activity recognition, SA-Net specifically targets robotic LfO from RGB-D data. However, SA-Net and many other models analyze frame data captured from a single viewpoint. Their analysis is therefore highly sensitive to occlusions of the observed task, which are frequent in deployments. An obvious way of reducing occlusions is to simultaneously observe the task from multiple viewpoints and synchronously fuse the multiple streams in the model. Toward this, we present multi-view SA-Net, which generalizes the SA-Net model to allow the perception of multiple viewpoints of the task activity, integrate them, and better recognize the state and action in each frame. Performance evaluations on two distinct domains establish that MVSA-Net recognizes the state-action pairs under occlusion more accurately compared to single-view MVSA-Net and other baselines. Our ablation studies further evaluate its performance under different ambient conditions and establish the contribution of the architecture components. As such, MVSA-Net offers a significantly more robust and deployable state-action trajectory generation compared to previous methods., Comment: Presented at Deployable AI Workshop at AAAI-2024 and 'Towards Reliable and Deployable Learning-Based Robotic Systems' Workshop at CoRL2023

Urban vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) link scheduling with shared spectrum is a challenging problem. Its main goal is to find the scheduling policy that can maximize system performance (usually the sum capacity of each link or their energy efficiency). Given that each link can experience interference from all other active links, the scheduling becomes a combinatorial integer programming problem and generally does not scale well with the number of V2V pairs. Moreover, link scheduling requires accurate channel state information (CSI), which is very difficult to estimate with good accuracy under high vehicle mobility. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end urban V2V link scheduling method called Map2Schedule, which can directly generate V2V scheduling policy from the city map and vehicle locations. Map2Schedule delivers comparable performance to the physical-model-based methods in urban settings while maintaining low computation complexity. This enhanced performance is achieved by machine learning (ML) technologies. Specifically, we first deploy the convolutional neural network (CNN) model to estimate the CSI from street layout and vehicle locations and then apply the graph embedding model for optimal scheduling policy. The results show that the proposed method can achieve high accuracy with much lower overhead and latency., Comment: submitted to IEEE conference for future publication

Motivated by the most recent measurement of tau polarization in $Z\to \tau^+\tau^-$ by CMS, we have introduced a new $U(1)_X$ gauge boson field X, which can have renormalizable kinetic mixing with the standard model $U(1)_Y$ gauge boson field Y. In addition to the kinetic mixing of the dark photon, denoted as $\sigma$, there may also be mass mixing introduced by the additional Higgs doublet with a vacuum expectation value (vev) participating in $U(1)_X$ and electroweak symmetry breaking simultaneously. The interaction of the Z boson with the SM leptons is modified by the introduction of the mixing ratio parameter $\epsilon$, which quantifies the magnitude of both the mass and kinetic mixing of the dark photon. Initially, we use the tau lepton as an example to explore the Z boson phenomenology of the dark photon model with both kinetic and mass mixing. The goal is to determine the allowed parameter regions by taking into account constraints from the vector and axial-vector couplings $g_{V,A}^\tau$, the decay branching ratio $Br(Z\to \tau^- \tau^+)$ and tau lepton polarization in $Z\to \tau^-\tau^+$. We found that the mixing ratio plays important role in the Z boson features by choosing different $\epsilon$ values. Furthermore, we aim to generalize our analysis from the tau-lepton case to include all fermions by conducting global fits. This allows us to identify viable regions by incorporating relevant fermion constraints and the W/Z mass ratio. Correspondingly, we obtain the fit results with the kinetic mixing parameter $\sigma=0.074\pm0.021$, mixing ratio $\epsilon=-1.37\pm0.46$, and dark photon mass $m_X=275\pm39$ GeV. Our global analysis indicates a preference for a dark photon mass larger than $m_Z$., Comment: 10 pages,3 figures, 2 tables