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The hydrodynamics at the fishway entrance play an important role in attracting fish into a fishway. Adjusting the entrance angle of the fishway to allow suitable water flow patterns at the entrance is an effective measure that can be used to improve the attraction efficiency. In this study, we analyzed the movement behavior of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in a river channel at a fishway entrance with different fishway entrance angles (30°, 45°, and 60°) and different replenishment velocities (0.1 m/s, 0.2 m/s, and 0.3 m/s). The flow velocity was 0.32–0.50 m/s when the fish head deflected into the entrance under different entrance angles for grass carp. As the entrance angle of the fishway increased, the fish energy consumption increased. The range of energy consumption for grass carp increased from 1.26–3.59 × 10−3 J to 3.32–7.33 × 10−3 J when the entrance angle was increased from 30° to 60°. There was a negative correlation between the entrance angle of the fishway and the deflection angle of the tested fish's head. This research presents a reference that combines fish swimming behavior and hydraulics to optimize the design of fishway entrances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the criteria for identifying pattern elements of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and to provide evidence for setting TCM clinical pattern differentiation criteria for PCOS. Methods Clinical data of 518 PCOS patients were collected. Latent variable analysis was made to establish TCM diagnostic criterion model of PCOS based on pattern element, after which, diagnoses made using the model were compared with clinical diagnoses made by TCM physicians. Results Both goodness of fit index (GFI) and GFI adjusted for degrees of freedom (AGFI) were close to 1, suggesting that the model was well-fitting. The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0. 063 7, which is ≤ 0.08, indicating that the model was acceptable. The results of consistency test were as follows. TCM diagnosis of the pattern element of disease location or affected zang-fu organ (i. e. kidney, liver, and spleen) could be made when just one symptom in the model manifests itself (i. e. lumbosacral pain, frequent urination at night, and tinnitus for kidney; depression, impatience and irascibility, and frequent or excessive sighing for liver; and poor appetite and digestion, abdominal distention after eating, and diarrhea for spleen, respectively) . The rates of consistency between the model diagnosis of disease location and pattern differentiation made by TCM physicians were 11.6%, 88%, and 77% for kidney, liver and spleen, respectively. TCM diagnosis of the pattern element of disease nature (i. e. qi deficiency, qi stagnation, and phlegm-damp) could be made when just two symptoms in one category in the model manifest themselves (i. e. mental fatigue, lack of strength, and spontaneous sweating for qi deficiency; chest tightness, chest and rib-side distending pain, and distending pain of the breasts for qi stagnation; and somnolence, heaviness sensation in the head or dizziness as if the head is wrapped up, and expectoration of phlegm for phlegm-damp, respectively). The rates of consistency between the model diagnosis of disease nature and pattern differentiation made by TCM physicians were 86.3%, 83.2%, and 80.5% for qi deficiency, qi stagnation, and phlegm-damp, respectively. Conclusion The preliminary diagnostic criteria for PC OS based on pattern elements have been set. After meeting basic diagnostic criteria for PC OS, disease locations such as kidney, liver, and spleen can be diagnosed based on just one symptom in the model, and disease nature like qi deficiency, qi stagnation, and phlegm- damp can be diagnosed based on just two symptoms in one category in the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]