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Building on a feminist critical discourse analysis, this study reveals the mechanism of the continuous reproduction of hegemonic masculinity in a Chinese manosphere, Hupu, the biggest sports fandom platform in China. As an ideological foundation on Hupu, hegemonic masculinity directs misogynistic practices (e.g. sexualization of women and misogynistic lexicon development) and shapes an imagined community of toxic brotherhood. In turn, the misogynistic practices and this community of brotherhood also reproduce hegemonic masculinity, ensuring a cycle of the maintenance of a toxic manosphere. We further consider the socio-political context in contemporary China to criticize how state power, platform affordances, and hegemonic masculinity are intertwined and jeopardize Chinese feminism both online and offline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beyond a consciousness-raising hashtag, #MeToo has become a transnational movement, crossing the borders of many societies. However, outsized attention has been paid to the manifestations of #MeToo in the US and on Twitter when the reach of this movement was not restricted to a single country, language, or platform. Drawing from the concept of hybridization, we seek to understand how the uses of #MeToo are contextualized across cultures, languages, and social media platforms. By establishing a macroscopic computational approach, we examine the global diffusion of #MeToo as a hybrid communicative process across different language groups (English, Spanish, and Korean) and social media platforms (Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram). Through time-series analysis and comparative descriptions of language groups and platforms, we demonstrate how discourse flows, language characteristics, and actors differ across cultural and platform contexts and how public discourse of #MeToo was reappropriated and re-signified in different parts of the world to localize connective action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from research on priming and identification theory, this study experimentally tests the differential effects of narratives featuring rewards and punishments on inclusive attitudes and behavioral intentions toward LGBTQ+ communities. The results of our experiment (N = 240) suggest a narrative depicting rewarded inclusive behaviors toward gay characters performed better than one portraying punished homophobic behaviors. We further tested various mechanisms through which narratives that portray tolerance and acceptance of a gay couple might lead to inclusive outcomes. The results suggested that positive feelings toward a gay character and identification with a role model character practicing rewarded good (versus punished bad) behaviors drove prosocial outcomes, including intentions to befriend gay characters in real life and support for social equality for gay individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) models like DALL·E 2 can interpret prompts and generate high-quality images that exhibit human creativity. Though public enthusiasm is booming, systematic auditing of potential gender biases in AI-generated images remains scarce. We addressed this gap by examining the prevalence of two occupational gender biases (representational and presentational biases) in 15,300 DALL·E 2 images spanning 153 occupations. We assessed potential bias amplification by benchmarking against the 2021 U.S. census data and Google Images. Our findings reveal that DALL·E 2 underrepresents women in male-dominated fields while overrepresenting them in female-dominated occupations. Additionally, DALL·E 2 images tend to depict more women than men with smiles and downward-pitching heads, particularly in female-dominated (versus male-dominated) occupations. Our algorithm auditing study demonstrates more pronounced representational and presentational biases in DALL·E 2 compared to Google Images and calls for feminist interventions to curtail the potential impacts of such biased AI-generated images on the media ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the year 2010, different versions of the Carbon Bond 6 (CB6) mechanism have been developed to accurately estimate the contribution to air pollution by the chemistry. In order to better understand the differences in simulation results brought about by the modifications between different versions of the CB6 mechanism, in the present study, we investigated the behavior of three different CB6 mechanisms (CB6r1, CB6r2 and CB6r3) in simulating ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and formaldehyde (HCHO) under two different emission conditions by applying a concentration sensitivity analysis in a box model. The results show that when the surface emission is weak, the O3 level predicted by CB6r1 is approximately 7 ppb higher than that predicted by CB6r2 and CB6r3, specifically due to the change in the sink of acyl peroxy radicals with high-order carbons (i.e., species CXO3) in the mechanism and the difference in the ozone dependence on the isoprene emission. In contrast, although CB6r1 estimates higher values of NOx and HCHO than the other two mechanisms at an early stage of the simulation, the levels of NOx and HCHO estimated by these three CB6 mechanisms at the end of the 7 d simulation are mostly similar, when the surface emission is weak. After the increase in the surface emission, the simulated profiles of O3 , NOx and HCHO obtained by CB6r2 and CB6r3 were found to be nearly the same during the simulation period, but CB6r1 tends to estimate substantially higher values than CB6r2 and CB6r3. The deviation between the O3 levels provided by CB6r1 and the other two CB6 mechanisms (i.e., CB6r2 and CB6r3) was found to be enlarged compared with the weak-emission scenario because of the weaker dependence of ozone on the emission of isoprene in CB6r1 than those in CB6r2 and CB6r3 in this scenario. Moreover, HCHO predicted by CB6r1 was found to be larger than those predicted by CB6r2 and CB6r3, which is caused by an enhanced dependence of HCHO on the emission of isoprene in CB6r1. Regarding NOx , it was found that CB6r1 gives a higher value than the other two mechanisms, which is caused by the relatively stronger connection between the NOx prediction and the release of NO and NO2 in CB6r1 due to the change in the product of the reaction between isoprene and NO3 in CB6r1. Consequently, more emitted NOx is involved in the reaction system denoted by CB6r1, which enables a following NOx formation and thus a higher NOx prediction of CB6r1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]