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Background Lymphoma has become 1 of the 10 most common cancers with increased prevalence in young- and middle-aged adults in China. This poses a tremendous burden on patients and their families and brings great challenges to maintaining the balance of family functioning in young- and middle-aged patients. Objective This cross-sectional study aimed to analyse the influence of resourcefulness on the family functioning of Chinese young- and middle-aged lymphoma patients. Methods A total of 172 Chinese young- and middle-aged patients with lymphoma were recruited from the oncology departments of two tertiary hospitals in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. They were invited to complete a survey that included a demographic questionnaire, the Resourcefulness Scale and the Chinese Version Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale II. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the related factors for family functioning. Results The multiple regression analysis revealed that the main influencing factors of family cohesion were resourcefulness (β  = 0.338, 95% CI (0.072, 0.173)), spouse caregiver (β  = 0.376, 95% CI (1.938, 10.395)), and cancer stage (β  = –0.274, 95% CI (–3.219, –1.047)). Resourcefulness (β  = 0.438, 95% CI (0.096, 0.181)), spouse caregiver (β  = 0.340, 95% CI (1.348, 8.363)), and family per capita monthly income (β  = 0.157, 95% CI (0.066, 2.243)) were the influencing factors of family adaptability. Conclusions Healthcare professionals and family scholars should value young- and middle-aged lymphoma patients' family functioning throughout the cancer treatment process, and family interventions should be designed by healthcare providers based on patients' resourcefulness. Moreover, healthcare providers need to pay attention to the risk factors of patients' family cohesion and adaptability, such as low family per capita monthly income, and consider employing corresponding measures to help them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotransition-metal based carbide (TMC) electrocatalysts owing to the desirable metallic properties and platinum-like d-band electronic configuration have arisen as potential hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts recently. Nevertheless, the correlation between cation incorporation and the intrinsic catalytic performance of bimetallic TMC-based electrocatalysts is still ambiguous. In addition, low-cost and simple preparation methods need to be further developed. Herein, a template-assisted method was developed to synthesize nanoscale metallic cobalt-doped β-Mo2C nanoparticles (Co-MC NPs), which were embedded in a two-dimensional graphite carbon nanosheet (2DGC) current collector. The obtained catalytic material has a rich pore structure and excellent electron transport properties due to the ingenious preparation method. Furthermore, it was revealed with electrochemical characterization and density functional theory (DFT) simulation that Co atom substitution could effectively weaken the strength of proton adsorption at the coordination of Mo and C atoms and synchronously facilitate the H2 desorption from the active sites of Co-MC/2DGC nanostructures. Therefore Co-MC/2DGC nanoparticles display a superior HER catalytic performance; that is, an overpotential of 103 mV is required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm–2 with a Tafel slope of 76.9 mV dec–1 along with an outstanding stability in alkaline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water–alkali and chlor–alkali electrolyzers is an indispensable source of H2 supply for industrial applications. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been demonstrated to be highly promising for the HER, but they are mostly operated in acidic solutions. Rationally designing TMD electrocatalysts towards efficient alkaline HER still remains challenging. Herein, we report a controllable atomic engineering of nitrogen atoms into 1T′-phase ReS2 using a simple one-step method. The optimized material shows a greatly enhanced HER performance under alkaline conditions, achieving a low overpotential of 90 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and outstanding stability (with negligible activity decay during the 140 h test). Density functional theory calculations reveal that rational N-implanting remarkably promotes H2O dissociation and H adsorption/desorption on the edge active sites of ReS2, and meanwhile increases electronic states near the Fermi level for improved charge transfer. Such ensemble effects are proposed to account for the much improved HER activity. The work broadens the horizon for designing TMD materials via atomic-site engineering for alkaline HER or other catalysis reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal sulfides have emerged as promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts in acidic media due to high intrinsic activity. They exhibit inferior HER activity in alkaline media, however, owing to the sluggish water dissociation kinetics. Herein, in-plane MoS 2 /Co 9 S 8 heterostructures are in situ grown on three-dimensional carbon network substrates with interconnected hierarchical pores by one-step pyrolysis to enhance the alkaline HER activity. The experiment results reveal that the HER kinetics of MoS 2 is accelerated after the construction of heterostructures. The synthesized MoS 2 /Co 9 S 8 heterostructures anchored on a three-dimensional interconnected hierarchical pore carbon network exhibit a lower overpotential of 177 mV than MoS 2 (252 mV) at 10 mA cm -2 for the HER in 1 M KOH. The enhanced catalytic performance is mainly attributed to the accelerated water dissociation kinetics on the interface of MoS 2 and Co 9 S 8 . In combination with DFT calculations, it is revealed that assembling the interface construction synergistically favors the chemisorption of protons and the cleavage of the O-H bonds of the H 2 O molecule, thus accelerating the kinetics of the HER. Moreover, the three-dimensional interconnected hierarchical pore carbon (3DC) network structure is beneficial for the circulation of the electrolyte and H 2 spillover. This study demonstrates the present strategy as a facile route for fabricating efficient HER catalysts.