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Our previous research has shown that melatonin (MLT) can reduce cryopreserved ovarian damage in mice. Yet, the molecular mechanism of MLT protection is still unclear. Some studies have shown that melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) is very important for animal reproductive system. To evaluate whether MLT exerts its protective effect on cryopreserved mice ovarian tissue via MT1, we added antagonist of MT1/MT2 (Luzindor) or antagonist of MT2 (4P‐PDOT) to the freezing solution, followed by cryopreservation and thawing of ovarian tissue. The levels of total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected. Besides, by using RT‐PCR and Western blotting, the expression of Bcl‐2, Bax and Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway‐related proteins was detected. These findings demonstrated that compared with the melatonin group, the addition of Luzindor increased apoptosis, NO and MDA activities, decreased CAT and T‐SOD activities and inhibited Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway. In conclusion, melatonin can play a protective role in cryopreserved ovarian tissue of mice through MT1 receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HLA‐B*40:585 allele differs from HLA‐B*40:01:02:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 130 in exon 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HLA‐DRB1*04:388 allele differs from HLA‐DRB1*04:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 44 in exon 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel HLA‐C*15:279 allele differs from HLA‐C*15:02:01:01 by five nucleotide substitutions in exons 4 and 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HLA‐C*01:274 allele differs from HLA‐C*01:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 240 in exon 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel topology of ZVZCS full-bridge converter with passive clamp network. This topology is achieved by adding a transformer auxiliary winding as a simple passive clamp network in the secondary side. The ZCS mechanism of lagging leg switches is carried out by a clamp capacitor. The clamp capacitor is charged through the transformer auxiliary winding and discharged through the load. The discharging makes the primary current reset rapidly. The converter has low loss and high efficiency because it avoids the lass of duty ratio while using the saturable inductor in traditional ZVZCS converter. This paper analyses all operating modes of the converter. The conclusion shows many virtues of the converter such as simple topology and low peak voltage of the secondary side. The proposed theory has been verified on a 96 W,100 kHz experimental converter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mammalian fertilization that culminates by fusion of the male and female gametes is intricately regulated within the female reproductive tract. To become competent to fertilize an egg, the mammalian spermatozoa that enter the female reproductive tract must undergo a series of physiological changes, including hyperactivation, and capacitation. For reaching full competency, the acrosome, a specialized membrane-bound organelle that covers the anterior part of the sperm head, must undergo an acrosome reaction. For becoming competent to bind an ovum, and to penetrate the zona pellucida and cumulus, many sperm proteins are released in the course of the acrosome reaction. Ultimately, the acrosome binds to the oolemma and fusion of sperm and egg occurs. In this review, we outline current understanding of the roles and effects of some essential sperm proteins and their functions during fertilization in the female reproductive tract.

Objective: To compare the expression of nuclear matrix proteins (NMPs) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) epithelial cell line BPH-1 versus those in androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cell line LNCap and androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC-3., Methods: We isolated NMPs from the BPH-1, LNCap and PC-3 cell lines by 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), analyzed the differentially expressed proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and identified them by peptide mass fingerprint and database searching., Results: We successfully obtained well-resolved reproducible 2-DE patterns of NMPs in human prostate cancer cell lines, identified 12 differentially expressed NMPs including enzymes, regulatory proteins, RNA-binding protein and various other factors, 3 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated in prostate cancer cell lines., Conclusion: There are obvious differences in the expressions of NMPs between human prostate cancer cell lines and benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cell line.