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Icariin is a biologically active substance in Epimedii herba that is used for the treatment of neurologic disorders. However, a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms of icariin is lacking. In this review, we present a brief history of the use of icariin for medicinal purposes; describe the active chemical components of Epimedii herba; and examine the evidence from experimental studies that have uncovered molecular targets of icariin in different diseases. We also constructed a protein–protein interaction network and carried out Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment analyses to predict the therapeutic actions of icariin in nervous system diseases including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, ischemic stroke, depressive disorder, multiple sclerosis, glioblastoma, and hereditary spastic paraplegias. The results of our analyses can guide future studies on the application of icariin to the treatment of neurologic disorders.

Based on the project of People’s Hall Station of Qingdao Metro Line 4 in China, the method of water-sealed blasting construction for vibration damping is proposed, as the blasting vibration of adjacent structures (Qingdao Metro Line 3) does not meet the control requirements during the blasting construction of the existing site blasting scheme. The effects of blasting on adjacent structures with different water-sealed charge structures and different axial decoupled charge factors are first studied by using the three-dimensional dynamic numerical simulation method. On this basis, a multi-case parametric analysis is carried out on the maximum single detonation charge, initiation interval, vibration-damping hole settings, and other factors that affect the blasting seismic effect. The results demonstrate that water-sealed construction blasting can significantly reduce the vibration response of adjacent structures. The lower-water-decking charge structure, the two ends-water-decking charge structure, and the top-water-decking charge structure can reduce the vibration velocity response of adjacent structures by 2.8, 24.5, and 27.8%, respectively. As the axial decoupling coefficient increases, the peak resultant vibration velocity increases first and then decreases. The peak resultant vibration velocity reaches the minimum value of 1.27 cm/s, which is lowered by 29.5% when the decoupling coefficient is 2.6. The after-detonation vibration response can be reduced by decreasing the amount of a single detonation charge and setting damping holes. When the detonation charge is reduced to 2.7 kg or 100 mm damping holes are set up, the vibration velocities at Line 3 People’s Hall Station are 1.10 cm/s and 1.11 cm/s, respectively. Both velocities are less than the 1.2 cm/s resultant vibration velocity control tolerance requirements. The results of this study can play an important guiding role in construction blasting in on-site metro stations and can serve as a reference for future similar projects.

Shuangqiu Wang,1– 3,* Jiarui Ma,4,* Yanqi Zeng,5,* Guowei Zhou,6 Yuxuan Wang,1– 3 Wenjuan Zhou,5 Xiaohe Sun,5 Minghua Wu1,5 1Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 4Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 5First Clinical Medical School, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Minghua WuDepartment of Neurology, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-13951786719Fax +86 25 8661 7141Email mhuawu@163.comAbstract: Icariin is a biologically active substance in Epimedii herba that is used for the treatment of neurologic disorders. However, a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms of icariin is lacking. In this review, we present a brief history of the use of icariin for medicinal purposes; describe the active chemical components of Epimedii herba; and examine the evidence from experimental studies that have uncovered molecular targets of icariin in different diseases. We also constructed a protein–protein interaction network and carried out Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment analyses to predict the therapeutic actions of icariin in nervous system diseases including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, ischemic stroke, depressive disorder, multiple sclerosis, glioblastoma, and hereditary spastic paraplegias. The results of our analyses can guide future studies on the application of icariin to the treatment of neurologic disorders.Keywords: Epimedii herba, icariin, network pharmacology, literature review, nervous system diseases

Background. Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection has emerged in Wuhan and rapidly spread throughout China and even to other countries. Combined therapy with modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine has been proposed, in which Shen Zhu San (SZS) was regarded as one of the basic prescriptions. Methods. Network pharmacological approaches along with candidate compound screening, target prediction, target tissue location, protein-protein interaction network, gene ontology (GO), KEGG enrichment analyses, and gene microarray analyses were applied. Results. A total of 627 targets of the 116 active ingredients of SZS were identified. Targets in immune cells and tissues were much more abundant than those in other tissues. A total of 597 targets were enriched in the GO biological cellular process, while 153 signaling pathways were enriched according to the KEGG analysis. A total of 450 SARS-related targets were integrated and intersected with the targets of SZS to identify 40 common targets that were significantly enriched in five immune function aspects of the immune system process during GO analysis. Several inflammation-related pathways were found to be significantly enriched throughout the study. Conclusions. The therapeutic mechanisms of the effects of SZS on COVID-19 potentially involve four effects: suppressing cytokine storms, protecting the pulmonary alveolar-capillary barrier, regulating the immune response, and mediating cell death and survival.

At present, jet-grouted horizontal waterproof curtain reinforcement has become an essential method for deep foundation pit groundwater control. However, there is still a lack of an effective theoretical calculation method for horizontal waterproof curtain reinforcement, and there is little research on the seepage laws of foundation pits under different horizontal waterproof curtain conditions. Based on Darcy’s seepage theory, theoretical analysis models of deep foundation pit seepage were established considering the effect of a horizontal curtain in a highly permeable formation. Through the established models, the calculation method of the water inflow and the water pressure under the condition of a horizontal curtain was derived. Then through indoor tests, the reliability of the theoretical calculation method was verified. Furthermore, the established theoretical calculation method is used to analyze the influence of various factors on the water inflow and the water pressure, such as the ratio of hydraulic conductivity of the horizontal curtain to surrounding soil, thickness, and reinforcement position of the horizontal curtain. It is found that the hydraulic conductivity ratio has the most significant influence on the seepage characteristics of the foundation pit. Finally, the design method was applied to an example of the horizontal waterproof curtain of the foundation pit, which is located at Juyuanzhou Station in Fuzhou (China). The water inflow per unit area is 0.36 m3/d in the foundation pit, and this implies that the design method of the horizontal waterproof curtain applied for the excavation case is good and meets the requirements of design and safety.