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The thermal error is a significant factor that influences the machining accuracy of machine tools, and error compensation is an economical and effective method for enhancing the accuracy of machine tools. However, establishing a precise thermal error prediction model is crucial for thermal error compensation. In this paper, the subtraction-average-based optimizer-based CNN-GRU neural network (SABO-CNN-GRU) is applied to integrated thermal error modeling. Through conducting a thermal characteristic experiment, temperature rise data and thermal error data were collected from the linear feed system of LXK300X helical groove CNC machine tool. The fuzzy c-means clustering and grey correlation analysis are employed to identify temperature-sensitive points in the linear feed system. By utilizing the temperature rise data from these sensitive points along with feed shaft thermal errors as data samples, and using the SABO algorithm to optimize the CNN-GRU prediction model, the thermal error prediction model of SABO-CNN-GRU is established. To validate its superiority and practicality, a comparative analysis is conducted with traditional thermal error prediction models based on CNN-GRU and SO-ELM. The results demonstrate that SABO-CNN-GRU model outperforms both models in terms of mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), remaining prediction deviation (RPD), mean square error (MSE), and determination coefficient (R2) in accurately predicting results. Building upon this achievement, this paper develops a real-time thermal error compensation system which effectively reduces maximum thermal errors from 80.5 to 17.6 μm after implementing compensation measures. Effectively reducing the influence of thermal errors and improving the machining accuracy of machine tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) embedding molybdenum carbide (Mo 2 C)/cobalt (Co)-molybdenum (Mo) bimetallic carbide heterostructure electrocatalysts (denoted as A-B/CNFs) were prepared via electrospinning and high-temperature carbonization. Owing to the synergistic interaction between Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 and Mo 2 C components, the catalyst activity is improved. Furthermore, the rich mesoporous structure and electrical conductivity of CNFs, accelerate the reaction kinetics. As a result, the optimized Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 -Mo 2 C/CNFs-1 has excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity. With the current density of 10 mA cm−2, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential is only 94 mV, and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential is 295 mV in an alkaline electrolyte. Building an alkaline electrolyzer with Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 -Mo 2 C/CNFs-1 as the anode and cathode electrodes requires a low cell voltage of only 1.66 V to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2, while maintaining ideal durability. This research offers a versatile and effective approach to creating bimetallic-based monolithic hydrolysis electrocatalysts. [Display omitted] • Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 -Mo 2 C/CNFs were synthesized through a two-step method. • Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 -Mo 2 C/CNFs-1 exhibited bifunctional activity for water splitting. • Overpotentials of HER and OER are 94 mV and 295 mV to deliver 10 mA cm−2. • A cell voltage of only 1.66 V was needed for overall water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) display poor prognosis because HCC involves a high rate of metastasis and regrowth. Herein, we present an effective strategy to treat HCC using magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT)-enhanced cancer immunotherapy combined with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). Uniform liquid metal microspheres (LM MSs) obtained by microfluidic technology with powerful eddy-thermal effects could be used as both MHT and TAE agents for effective cancer therapy. The eddy-thermal effect of LM MSs demonstrated effective MHT, whereas LM MS-induced MHT boosted the immune system, promoted immune cell infiltration, and further stimulated powerful immune responses to suppress the growth of distant tumors, together with immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Furthermore, LM MS-lipiodol dispersion displayed excellent efficacy of the combined MHT-TAE in the orthotopic rabbit liver cancer model. Our work not only highlighted that LM MSs could act as effective MHT agents to achieve MHT-enhanced immunotherapy but also presented the significant promise of combining MHT with TAE for the efficient treatment of large orthotopic liver tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring energy storage devices and hydrogen evolution reaction electrode materials with high efficiency electrocatalytic activity, high energy density and low cost has broad prospects, but there are still huge challenges. Compared with traditional energy storage devices, supercapacitors (SCs) are a new type of energy storage device with broad development prospects. However, their practical application is significantly limited by the energy density of electrode materials. The practical application of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is limited by the high cost and scarcity of Pt-based precious metal catalysts. It is essential to develop materials with stable structure, low cost and abundant reserves. Here, in this paper, CoS 2 and CoSe 2 composites embedded in carbon nanofibers (CNFs) (expressed as CoS 2 -CoSe 2 /CNFs) were synthesized by electrospinning combined with in-situ growth Zeolite Imidazolate Framework-67 strategy, carbonization and subsequent selenium sulfide process. When employed as the positive material in supercapacitors, a specific capacitance of 292.2 F g−1 is achieved at a current density of 1 A g−1. The specific capacitance of asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) assembled with CoS 2 -CoSe 2 /CNFs-5 as positive materials remains stable with no significant change observed in specific capacitance even after undergoing 10,000 cycles. At the same time, when a current density of 10 mA cm−2 is applied in a 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 electrolyte solution, an overpotential reading of 189 mV is observed. The evidence mentioned above showcases the significant capacity of this substance for application in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. • The synergy of different components regulates the electronic structure. • The as-obtained materials exhibited a good energy storage and conversion performance. • The retention of the ZIF-67 skeleton structure can increases the number of active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the grinding mechanism of ITO conductive glass is particularly important for revealing material damage and chip formation. This article proposes the removal mechanism of brittle thin film materials during grinding based on the indentation model. And based on the thin film composite structure of ITO conductive glass, a material model in finite element simulation was established. The surface morphology and chip state of ITO conductive glass were studied through microscale grinding experiments. By comparing the simulation results, it has been proven that the ITO film is removed in a brittle fracture mode during the grinding process, while the removal mode of the glass substrate is influenced by the process parameters. The interlayer fracture between the film and substrate will affect the processing quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic vibration polishing (UVP) is an important method for the precision processing of optical glass, which is good for improving surface quality and processing efficiency. So far, the material removal mechanism in UVP is not well understood and the various process parameters involved are not considered. To achieve ultra-precision polishing under optical glass, this paper carries out the axial UVP method. The material removal profile (MRP) is critical to affect the surface accuracy. A new MRP is developed for UVP based on the Urick attenuation model and the proposed material removal coefficient distribution function, considering the dynamic pressure changes under ultrasonic vibration, the attenuation effect of the acoustic pressure propagation process and the inhomogeneous distribution of the abrasive particles in the contact area during the ultrasonic electro-spindle rotation. Through a series of polishing experiments and simulations, the results show that the maximum errors of the actual material removal depth (MRD) and the actual material removal rate (MRR) from the model simulation results are 8.54% and 9.92%, respectively. The accuracy of the model is further demonstrated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. When the amplitude of UVP is 9 µm, Sa and Ra are 60 nm and 68 nm, which are reduced by 37.50% and 22.73%, respectively, compared with conventional polishing. This research can contribute to the deterministic processing of UVP, and provide a theoretical basis for the application of optical glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐voltage all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (HVASSLBs) are considered attractive systems for portable electronics and electric vehicles, due to their theoretically high energy density and safety. However, realization of HVASSLBs with sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) is hindered by their limited electrochemical stability, resulting in sluggish interphase dynamics. Here, a bidirectionally compatible buffering layer design scheme is proposed to overcome the interfacial challenges of sulfide‐based HVASSLBs. As a proof of concept, it is found that NASICON‐type LixZr2(PO4)3 surprisingly exhibit great compatibility with both 4.5 V LiCoO2 and Li6PS5Cl, based on the results of first‐principles calculations and various in situ/ex situ characterizations. This compatibility significantly restrains the interface reactivity and boosts interfacial Li‐ion transport. Therefore, 4.5 V sulfide‐based HVASSLBs can exhibit remarkably enhanced initial discharge capacity (143.3 vs 125.9 mAh·g−1 at 0.2C), capacity retention (95.53% vs 74.74% after 100 cycles), and rate performance (97 vs 45 mAh·g−1 at 2C). This work sheds light on the great prospects of sulfide‐based HVASSLBs with high‐rate characteristics, and constitutes a crucial step toward the rational design of interface and interphase chemistry for high‐performance sulfide‐based HVASSLBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) provides patients with safe, effective and long-term convenient venous access for the administration of medications such as chemotherapy drugs. The implantation and long-term use of TIVAP are related to thrombosis, infection and other complications. In this study, the medical records of multicentre patients were collected, and the perioperative and postoperative complications were retrospectively analysed to objectively evaluate the safety of the implantation of supraclavicular, ultrasound-guided TIVAP via the brachiocephalic vein (BCV).Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 433 adult patients who had undergone ultrasound-guided TIVAP implantation via the BCV at four hospitals in China from March 2018 to May 2019. The success rates of the first puncture, operation time, and perioperative and postoperative complications were analysed.Results: All the TIVAPs were implanted successfully (100%). The average TIVAP carrying time was 318.15 ±44.22 days (range: 38-502 days) for a total of 197,694 catheter days. The success rate of the first puncture was 94.92% (411/433), and the average operation time was 29.66 ±7.45 min (range: 18-60 min). The perioperative complications included arterial puncture in 4 patients and pneumothorax in 1 patient. The incidence of postoperative complications was 5.08% (22/433), including poor incision healing (n = 2), catheter-related infection (n = 3), port infection (n = 6), thrombosis (n = 2) and fibrin sheath formation (n = 8). Another patient had infusion disturbance 2 days after the operation, and chest X-ray showed bending at the connection between the catheter and port. No other serious complications occurred, such as catheter rupture and drug leakage. The total incidence of complications was 6.24% (27/433).Conclusion: This study showed excellent tolerance of supraclavicular, ultrasound-guided BCV puncture to implant TIVAP and a low incidence of complications. As a safe and effective method of TIVAP implantation, it can provide a new choice for clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traumatic lymphatic leakage is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication. The purpose of this study was to introduce ultrasound-guided intranodal lymphangiography and embolisation techniques for postoperative lymphatic leakage in patients with cancer. Methods: From January 2018 through June 2020, seven cancer patients (three males, four females, aged 59–75 years [mean 67.57 ± 6.11 years]) developed lymphatic leakage after abdominal or pelvic surgery, with drainage volumes ranging from 550 to 1200 mL per day. The procedure and follow-up of ultrasound-guided intranodal lymphangiography and embolisation were recorded. This study retrospectively analysed the technical success rate, operative time, length of hospital stay, clinical efficacy, and complications. Results: The operation was technically successful in all patients. Angiography revealed leakage, and embolisation was performed in all seven patients (7/7, 100%). The operative time of angiography and embolisation was 41 to 68 min, with an average time of 53.29 ± 10.27 min. The mean length of stay was 3.51 ± 1.13 days. Lymph node embolisation was clinically successful in five patients (5/7, 71.43%), who had a significant reduction in or disappearance of chylous ascites. The other two patients received surgical treatment 2 weeks later due to poor results after embolisation. All patients were followed for 2 weeks. No serious complications or only minor complications were found in all the patients. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided intranodal lymphangiography and embolisation were well tolerated by the patients, who experienced a low incidence of complications. Early intervention is recommended for cancer patients with postoperative lymphatic leakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demands for highly efficient and low-cost electrochemically active materials are still urgent needs for the fields of electro-catalysis and supercapacitor. Herein, a facile strategy for preparing high-efficient bi-functional electrode material was reported. The electrode material was prepared through embedding Co 2 P nanoparticles in the binary co-doped carbon nanofibers (Co 2 P@N&P-CNFs). This unique structure can effectively prevent the Co 2 P from detaching and provide abundant active sites. Materials prepared in this work showed the superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with overpotential of 192 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and remarkable stability for 20 h. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was fabricated using the Co 2 P@N&P-CNFs as the positive electrode material and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as the negative electrode material, which shows an outstanding cycle stability (91.5% of the initial capacitance is retained throughout 10,000 charge-discharge tests) and a high E of 22.31 Wh kg−1 at the P of 225.02 W kg−1 at 0.3 A g−1. This work offers an effective route in designing bi-functional active materials for HER and supercapacitor. A novel one-step strategy to synthesize Co 2 P encapsulated N,P dual doped carbon nanofibers (Co 2 P@N,P-CNFs) is developed via electrospinning technology followed by carbonization process. They can be as the bifunctional electrode materials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and supercapacitor. As expected, the as-obtained Co 2 P@N,P-CNFs shows superior HER and supercapacitor performance. Most importantly, a high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is assembled with Co 2 P@N,P-CNFs and CNFs. Image 1 • Co 2 P embedded in N&P co-doped carbon fibers was fabricated by an effective method. • The materials were used as bifunctional materials for electrochemical application. • The as-obtained materials exhibited a good energy storage performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The correlation between inflammatory responses caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) and the prognosis of patients with SCI still remains controversial. Methods: In the present study, we preliminary investigated the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and compared the serum IL-4 and IL-10 expression in rats of high Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores with these of low BBB scores. Besides, the infiltration of macrophage and the axonal regeneration of the injured spinal cord were observed from day 10 to day 30. Results: We found that higher serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 can reflect the restorability degree of SCI and could be potential biomarkers for the prognosis of SCI. The infiltration of the M2 subtype of macrophage and the axons regrowth might contribute to a better prognosis. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 are preliminarily adopted as serologic markers to forecast SCI, and high serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 may indicate a better prognosis. Moreover, the way to promote macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 may contribute to better axonal regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human urine‐derived stem cells (hUSCs) serve as favorable candidates for bone transplants due to their efficient proliferative and multipotent differentiation abilities, as well as the capacity to secrete a variety of vasoactive agents to facilitate tissue engineering. The present study aimed to explore the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)‐induced osteogenic differentiation of hUSCs and to investigate the underlying mechanism. The degree of osteogenic differentiation and the correlated signals, following BMP2 overexpression and siRNA‐mediated silencing of FAK, were determined in vitro. Moreover, hUSCs induced bone formation in a rat model with cranial defects, in vivo. Our findings revealed that alkaline phosphatase production, calcium deposits, osteocalcin and osteopontin expression, and bone formation were upregulated in vitro and in vivo following BMP2‐induced osteogenic differentiation, and AMPK and Wnt signaling pathway activation by FAK could effectively regulate BMP2‐enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hUSCs. Taken together, these findings indicated that FAK could mediate BMP2‐enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hUSCs through activating adenosine 5'‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase and Wnt signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In recent years, the laser displacement sensor (LDS) has been widely applied to a multitude of fields such as precision measurement and reverse engineering. However, the accuracy of the LDS applied to these industries is severely restricted by signal processing methods including signal compensation and signal reconstruction. In view of this, a B-spline curve approximation is used to realize high-precise and efficient reconstruction of noisy signals of the LDS and an improved elitist clonal selection algorithm (ECSA) is proposed to address the multi-objective, continuous and nonlinear optimization problem in the B-spline curve approximation process, namely the knot adjustment problem. Additionally, an adaptive chaotic mutation operator is designed to improve the algorithm search efficiency, increase the population diversity and avoid the prematurity. And an antibody reselection strategy based on the antibody concentration and the antigen affinity vectorial moment is proposed. Subsequently, the Hannan-Quinn information criterion (HQIC) is used as an affinity measurement to judge and weigh the goodness of fit and computational complexity and to automatically and accurately calculate the number and location of internal knots, thereby reconstructing noisy signals with different features. Simulation results evidence that the improved algorithm can not only realize the automatic B-spline curve reconstruction of the noisy signals featuring continuity, discontinuity and sharp points but also surpass existing studies in the global convergence and convergence rate. And both the on-machine measurement experiment for API threads and the comparison experiments for measured thread parameters validate the excellent and powerful performance of the proposed method in processing LDS signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Ultrasound guidance has become the routine method for catheterization, dramatically reducing failure and complication rates for totally implantable venous access devices (TIVAD) placement. The aim of the present study was to report the safety and efficacy of ultrasound‐guided right innominate vein TIVAD placement in older patients. Methods: Between September 2015 and September 2017, 55 older patients underwent right innominate vein TIVAD placement under ultrasound guidance. Intraoperative fluoroscopy was always carried out. The technical success rate and complications were recorded and retrospectively analyzed. Results: The technical success rate was 100%. The success rate of the first puncture was 96.36% (53/55). The mean operation time was 28 ± 7 min (range 23–39 min), and the mean length of catheter introduction was 19.24 ± 2.65 cm (range 17–21 cm). The overall incidence of complications was 7.27% (4/55), including one arterial puncture with self‐limiting hematoma, two cases of catheter‐related infection and one case of fibrin sheath. No catheter malposition or catheter fracture was observed. At the time of this study, three TIVAD were pulled out unexpectedly, and 32 TIVAD are still in functional use. Conclusions: Ultrasound‐guided puncture of the right innominate vein is safe and reliable to implant TIVAD, which can provide new options for older patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 218–221. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the machining mechanism of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic materials, this study utilized sintered diamond tools to perform drilling and grinding simulations on the material and developed a drilling model for SiC ceramic materials. By analyzing parameters such as surface morphology, stress, and cutting force, the material removal mechanism of SiC ceramic materials was revealed, and the effects of drilling parameters on cutting force, torque, and residual stress were studied. Experimental results indicate that during the abrasive cutting process, the hard contact behavior of irregular abrasive grains significantly affects material removal, leading to failure forms such as chip collapse, hole and groove cracking, and crack propagation. With an increase in the feed rate of the abrasive grains, the drilling force shows a certain range of growth patterns. The axial force is positively correlated with spindle speed and feed rate, with the feed rate having a more significant impact on the magnitude of the axial force. Additionally, as the feed rate increases, the torque also increases. The radial residual stress mainly manifests as residual tensile stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nano-cutting process of metallic glass (Zr52Cu20Ni16Ni12) processed at room temperature was studied by molecular dynamics simulation in this paper. At different cutting speeds, the microstructure of metallic glass, cutting force, strain morphology of cutting zone, temperature change of cutting zone and its influence on the quality of machined surface were analyzed. The simulation results show that the cutting speed has little effect on the content of Voronoi polyhedron in the cutting area of metallic glass. The cutting force increases significantly with the increase of cutting speed. The shape of strain deformation in the cutting zone of metallic glass material is significantly affected by the cutting speed, and the influence depth of strain is deepened with the increase of cutting speed. The increase of cutting speed has a significant effect on the temperature of the cutting zone of metallic glass, and the temperature of atoms in the cutting zone increases rapidly. The cutting speed has a significant impact on the surface quality of metal glass cutting. The surface quality of metal glass cutting becomes worse with the increase of cutting speed. In particular, the initial stage of plastic deformation in metal glass cutting process is simulated and analyzed, and the formation and evolution of its shear band and free volume are simulated and studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nano cutting process of Zr-based amorphous alloy was simulated by molecular dynamics simulation in this paper. Through the research on the changing rule of cutting force in nano cutting of Zr-based amorphous alloy, it is found that the cutting force increases continuously, and the cutting rate is large at the initial stage of nano cutting, which may be related to the shear deformation of the atomic clusters or atomic clusters in the shear transition zone. The effect of cutting tool rake angle on nano cutting process for Zr-based amorphous alloy was studied. The simulation results show that the cutting force decreases with the increase of the rake angle of the cutting tool, and the friction coefficient between the rake face and the chip also decreases slightly. With the increase of the rake angle of the cutting tool, the pushing effect of the tool on the Zr-based amorphous alloy chip and the overall bending of the chip are weakened, leading to the increase of the chip height. The number of high-temperature atoms in the Zr-based amorphous alloy workpiece also decreases with the increase of the tool rake angle, and the cutting temperature distribution on the workpiece diffuses to the interior of the workpiece with the tool fillet as the center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ce-doped ZIF-67 derived Co 3 O 4 embedded in CNF have been fabricated by an effective strategy. • Synergistic effect between Co 3 O 4 and CeO 2 for enhancing the electrocatalysis ORR and OER. • The obtained materials exhibit a good energy-conversion performance. [Display omitted] Enhancing the activity of Co‐based electrocatalysts can be generally achieved by increasing the active center conductivity even fabricating hybrid materials for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process. Herein, we developed a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for Zn-air batteries (ZABs). The Ce-doped Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles embedded on carbon nanofibers complex catalyst (Ce@Co 3 O 4 /CNFs) was synthesized via the incorporation of the electrospinning technology and in-situ growth process. The Ce@Co 3 O 4 /CNFs exhibited the comparable performance to Pt/C and RuO 2 in the alkaline environment with a half-wave potential of 0.810 V and overpotential of 380 mV(@ 10 mA cm−2) for the ORR and OER, respectively. Moreover, an all-solid-state rechargeable ZABs with Ce@Co 3 O 4 /CNFs cathode was also assembled, which shows a relatively narrow discharge-charge voltage gap and a good cycle performance. These results provide a novel approach in developing Co-based dual functional electrocatalysts to enable the energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a series of 1 g tests to investigate the performance of an innovative light-weight gravity installed plate anchor (L-GIPLA) with the aid of a reusable booster both in normally consolidated (NC) and lightly over-consolidated (LOC) soils. A micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer was used to measure the dynamic penetration process of the L-GIPLA with a booster in clay. Various factors affecting the final penetration depth of the anchor were investigated, including the soil strength characterisation, impact velocity, anchor shape, booster weight, and water entrainment effects. Based on the data obtained from the MEMS accelerometer, the hydrodynamic aspects associated with the water drag force and water entrainment effect during the dynamic penetration of the L-GIPLA were analysed. Besides, theoretical framework and energy-based models were proposed to predict the final penetration depth of the L-GIPLA. The excess pore water pressure induced by the dynamic penetration of the L-GIPLA and the subsequent dissipation around the anchor were investigated, hence the affected regions of the soil due to the dynamic penetration could be estimated. Finally, the penetration depth ratio and capacity-to-weight ratio of the proposed L-GIPLA were compared with that of other gravity installed anchors. • An innovative light-weight gravity installed plate anchor (L-GIPLA) is proposed. • A relative high penetration depth ratio of the L-GIPLA is achieved by using a retrievable booster. • The accumulation and dissipation of the excess pore pressure in the soil during and after dynamic installation are analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of microscale grinding on the quality of ITO conductive glass, this paper conducted microscale grinding experiments on ITO conductive glass. The influence of process parameters on machining quality was analyzed using microgrinding force, surface roughness, and sheet resistance as indicators. Meanwhile, soda-lime glass was set as the control group to analyze the effect of ITO film. The results indicate that brittle fracture is the main removal method for ITO films, and the glass substrate exhibits two different removal methods, brittle and ductile, depending on the process parameters. The ITO thin film layer suppresses the sheet deformation of the glass substrate, increasing the grinding force and reducing the processing quality. Increasing the spindle speed, reducing the feed speed, and reducing the cutting depth can improve the machining quality. The spindle speed has a significant impact on surface roughness, while the cutting depth has a significant impact on the sheet resistance of the thin film. In addition, soda-lime glass chips mainly appear in powder and granular form, while ITO conductive glass also has flaky thin film chips generated by interlayer fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the low vibration frequency and weak vibration energy in natural environment, the vibration energy harvester is faced with the problem of low power and low adaptability and becoming particularly difficult in actual conditions. It is necessary to improve the harvesting capacity and efficiency by optimizing the parameters of the harvester, making full use of the energy of low and unstable atmospheric vibrations. In this paper, a mathematical model is established for the cantilever magnetostrictive vibration harvester under the base excitation, including the mechanical deformation of the composite beam, and the electromagnetic results produced thereof. The mechanical-magneticelectric energy conversion relationship is duly taken into account. The additional weight, coil parameters, external resistance and other parameters of the harvester are optimized and analyzed through numerical simulation. In addition, the theoretical results are analyzed and discussed via comparison with experiments. Finally, the effects of the above factors are assessed, which allows us to obtain the optimal winding length, number of turns of the coil, and optimal tip additional mass. The experiment result shows that the optimized magnetostrictive harvester can output 12.07 mW power to the external resistor under the condition of 1 g acceleration mechanical vibration, with normalized power density reaching 40.2 mW/cm3/g. Moreover, the optimized magnetostrictive harvester can successfully supply power for the LED display screen of the temperature sensor and a low-power thermometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which combine the features of effective electrocatalytic activity, high electrical conductivity, and superior stability, remains a significant challenge for rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs). Herein, we report a material, selenium (Se)-doped CoSe2 embedded in carbon nanofibers (CNFs) (denoted as Se–CoSe2/CNFs), which was synthesized as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for ZABs via electrospinning combined with in situ growth of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 strategy, followed by carbonization and a facile selenization process. The as-synthesized Se–CoSe2/CNF electrode exhibits satisfactory electrochemical performance in an alkaline environment with a low overpotential of 325 mV at 10 mA cm−2 toward OER and a half-wave potential of 0.80 V for ORR. Remarkably, the Se–CoSe2/CNF catalyst-based ZAB shows a peak power density of 149.4 mW cm−2 and the voltage window barely changes after 180 h of cycling at 5 mA cm−2, which proves its great potential application for advanced bifunctional electrocatalysis in ZABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, micro–nanomanufacturing technology and micro–nanodevices have seen some development, but many micro–nanodevices and microelectromechanical systems have not been practically used as products. This is because dispensing technology used in micro–nanosize encapsulation and assembly is one of the main obstacles, such as the size of the glue point, the amount of glue, and precision. In this paper, on the basis of the principle of transfer printing, an ultra-microautomatic dispenser method of pL-fL grade pipetting needle glue transfer type is proposed. This method involves controlling the pipetting needle pass through the capillary tube filled with glue liquid by the precision micro-displacement drive platform, making the terminal of the pipetting needle attach to a trace amount of adhesive, and then leaving a part of the glue liquid on the base plane to form tiny glue points using the adhesive force of glue liquid in contact with the base plane and the pulling force of the drive platform on glue liquid. The diameter of the glue point is about dozens of microns, and the amount of glue is pL of magnitude. In this paper, the dispensing process was simulated under different parameters, and the main factors affecting the dispensing process were preliminarily determined. The influence law of the diameter of the pipetting needle, movement speed, and residence time on the diameter of the glue point was analyzed by orthogonal experiment. On the basis of the influencing factors and laws obtained above, the automatic distribution of fL grade glue liquid was realized through a reasonable configuration of parameters. The minimum diameter of the glue point was 13.2 µm, and the volume was 26.3 fL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser triangulation (LT) is widely used in many fields due to its good stability, high resolution and fast speed. However, the accuracy in these applications suffers from severe constraints on the data acquisition accuracy of LT. To solve this problem, the optical triangulation principle, the object equation of the optical path relationship and the deviation of the laser spot centroid are applied to deduce a mathematical model. Therefore, the image sensor inclination errors can be quantitatively calculated, and the collected data are compensated in real time. Further, a threshold sub-pixel gray-gravity (GG) extraction algorithm is proposed; the gradient function and Gaussian fit algorithm are used to set thresholds to remove the impact of the spot edge noise area on the center location; and polynomial interpolation is employed to enhance the data density of the traditional GG method, thus improving the data acquisition accuracy of LT. Finally, the above methods are applied to on-machine measurement of the American Petroleum Institute (API) thread and the screw rotor, respectively. The experimental results prove that the proposed method can significantly improve the measurement accuracy of free-form curved surfaces using LT and that the improved laser spot center extraction algorithm is more suitable for free-form curved surfaces with smaller curvature and more uniform curvature changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) has become a promising electrocatalyst because of its similar d-band e-lectronic structure to platinum (Pt), wide pH applicability, easy synthesis, and low cost. However, pure Mo2C suffers from poor electrical conductivity, slow interfacial reaction kinetics, and too strong Mo-H bond. In recent years, many studies have reported the modification of Mo2C-based catalysts to enhance their electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Based on this, this paper reviews the common preparation process of Mo2C and various modification strategies to improve the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of Mo2C. And intrinsic reasons for the improvement of Mo2C hydrogen evolution performance by different modification methods are analyzed in deeply. Finally, the current challenges and future development directions of Mo2C-based electro-catalysts are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LaMn 0.3 Co 0.7 O 3-δ Perovskite nanofibers with oxygen-deficient structure have been used as dual-function oxygen catalysts for rechargeable zinc-air batteries with high high specific capacity of 811.54 mAh g−1 and good cycling stability. [Display omitted] The development and design of efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are crucial for rechargeable Zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Optimizing the d-band structure of active metal center in perovskite oxides is an effective method to enhance ORR/OER activity by accelerating the rate-determining step. Herein, we report a deficient method to optimize the d-band structure of Co ions in LaMn 0.3 Co 0.7 O 3-δ (LMCO-2) perovskite nanofibers, which regulates the mutual effect between B-site Co ions and reactive oxygen intermediates. It is proved by experiment and theoretical calculation that the d-band center (M d) of transition metal ions in LMCO-2 is moved up and the electron filling number of e g orbital in B site is 1.01, thus leading to the reduction of Gibbs free energy required for ORR rate-determining step (OH*→H 2 O*) to 0.22 eV and promoting reaction proceeds. In this manner, LMCO-2 showed good bifunctional oxygen electrocatalytic activity, with a half-wave potential of 0.71 V vs. RHE. Furthermore, the high specific capacity of 811.54 mAh g−1 and power density of 326.56 mW cm−2 were obtained by using LMCO-2 as the cathode catalyst for ZABs. This study proved the feasibility of d-band structure regulation to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of perovskite oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rapid development of precision micro-manufacturing technology, the connection and assembly process of precision micro devices put forward higher requirements for the volume and accuracy of micro dispensing technology. In this paper, an ultra-micro dispensing method based on the surface tension is proposed. It can realize micro size feature adhesive dispensing, here, adhesive droplet volume is in range of fL—pL. The transferring needle passes through the thin tube filled with adhesive liquid, and correspondingly, a micro amount of adhesive liquid is attached to the needle depending on the adhesion between needle and liquid. Then, the adhesive force between adhesive liquid and dispensing surface and the liquid's self surface tension make a micro amount of adhesive liquid left on the dispensing surface and form a droplet. In this paper, we carried out a set of detailed single factor experimental study, and systematically analyzed the affection of main working parameters, including the diameter of transferring needle, dispensing speed, dispensing distance between the tip of needle and dispensing surface and the viscosity of adhesive, on dispensing results. Based on the above research results about working parameters characteristics, an ultra-micro dispensing process at fL level volume was realized. Diameter of adhesive droplet could be as small as 22.4 μm, and volume reached to 228 fL. Ultra-micro automatic continuous dispensing is realized through automatic moving path planning of transferring needle by CAD program, and we obtained two droplet dot arrays with different layouts. The proposed ultra micro dispensing system can control droplet size and dispensing position precisely. The deviation of adhesive droplet diameter is less than 2.2 μm, and the position deviation is within 1.58 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A magnetostrictive vibration energy harvester based on an iron–gallium alloy composite cantilever beam is developed, and its capability is optimized from the aspects of bias magnetic field and the number of active layers. To solve the issue of low and irregular output voltage, it designs a converter suitable for a low-power harvester to make full use of the generated electric energy. A set of AC–DC converters with two working modes is designed by using the multiple voltage rectification method, which is able to directly drive low power load or store energy to supply power to higher power load. Through theoretical simulation and experiment, the converter's characteristics, such as rectifier and filter characteristics, energy storage, and release process are systematically studied and tested. 1 V AC output voltage of the harvester is able to be converted into 5 V DC voltage after being processed by the converter. The proposed harvester provides an excellent vibration harvesting capacity that the AC normalized power density (power density per volume and acceleration) reaches 7.4 mW/(cm3/g). The harvesting system with the two-mode converter has achieved a high normalized DC output power vs AC input voltage of 630 µW/V. We have applied the harvester and converter for a low power electronic meter, which can work normally and display the time, temperature, and humidity in the laboratory. In addition, we have also applied the harvesting system for a higher power (1.2 W) electric fan with a universal serial bus (USB) port. After battery charging and IP5306 voltage boosting, the harvester meets the normal operation requirements of an electric fan with a USB port and it is able to operate normally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal iron-based catalysts are promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and they have the potential to replace noble metal catalysts. The one-dimensional of carbon nanofibers with tubular structure can effectively promote the electrocatalytic activity, which facilitates electron transport. Herein, the Pt–Fe/CNFs were synthesized by electrospinning and subsequent calcination. Benefiting from the advantages of one-dimensional structure, Pt–Fe/CNFs-900 with fast electrochemical kinetics and excellent stability for ORR with excellent onset of 0.99 V, a low Tafel slope of 62 mV dec−1 and high limiting current density of 6.00 mA cm−2. Long-term ORR testing indicated that the durability of this catalyst was superior to that of commercial Pt/C in alkaline electrolyte. According to RRDE test, the ORR reaction process of Pt–Fe/CNFs-900 was close to four-electron transfer routes. • The Pt–Fe/CNFs were synthesized by electrospinning and subsequent calcination. • Pt–Fe/CNFs-900 with fast electrochemical kinetics and excellent stability for ORR. • The durability of this catalyst was superior to that of Pt/C in alkaline electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has critical functions in proliferation and differentiation of many cell types, however, the role of FAK on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in SMSCs has not been characted. The purpose of current study is to explore the mechanism of FAK on the BMP9-induced osteogenesis of SMSCs in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The optimal dose of BMP9 was determined by incubation in different BMP9 concentrations, then cells were transfected with siRNA-induced FAK knockdown in BMP9-induced osteogenesis. Cell proliferation, migration, the osteogenic capacity, and the underlying mechanism were further detected in vitro. Imaging and pathological examination were conducted to observe the bone formation in vivo. Results: Our findings suggested that BMP9 could obviously promote FAK phosphorylation in osteogenic conditions. In contrast, FAK knockdown significantly decreased the cell proliferation, migration, the osteogenic capacity of SMSCs. To be specific, FAK knockdown could markedly inhibit the Wnt and MAPK signal pathway of SMSCs induced by BMP9. Besides, FAK knockdown could also effectively inhibit BMP-9-induced bone formation in vivo. Conclusion: FAK plays a pivotal role in promoting BMP9-induced osteogenesis of SMSCs, which is probably via activating Wnt and MAPK pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia is a constant feature of the synovial microenvironment. How synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) proliferate and differentiate in a hypoxic environment over a long period of time has aroused the interest of researchers. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human SMSCs. SMSCs were harvested and cultured under different concentration of oxygen, normoxia (21% O2), hypoxia (5% O2) and severe hypoxia (0.5% O2) to determine its effect on the expression of HIF-1α. Then, the cells were collected and cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected at severe hypoxia (0.5% O2) and hypoxia (5% O2) conditions following HIF-1α siRNA transfection. There were no significant changes in cellular proliferation or apoptosis when cultured in normoxia (21% O2), hypoxia (5% O2) or severe hypoxia (0.5% O2). However, the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α were markedly upregulated in the hypoxic conditions. Further experiments suggested that the proliferation of SMSCs was obviously suppressed and apoptosis was markedly increased under severe hypoxic (0.5%) and hypoxic (5% O2) conditions following HIF-1α siRNA transfection. In conclusion, HIF-1α effectively improved the tolerance of SMSCs to hypoxia, which may promote cellular proliferation and prevent the apoptosis of SMSCs under hypoxic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, composite materials, VxOy-embedded carbon fibers, were fabricated through a facile electrospinning method followed by calcination. The as-prepared composite was characterized via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The relevant results showed that (1) the V2O3 nanoparticles were uniformly embedded in carbon fibers (V2O3/CFs); (2) the VO2 particles were embedded in carbon fibers with mixed valence of V5+ (VO2–V2O5/CFs); and (3) amorphous V2O5 were homogeneously dispersed in carbon fibers (V2O5/CFs). The as-prepared composite was then used as a working electrode in a supercapacitor device without the addition of a binder and conductive agent, and its electrochemical properties were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The specific capacitance values of V2O3/CFs, VO2–V2O5/CFs, and V2O5/CFs were 557 F g−1, 476 F g−1, and 606 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, respectively. Consequently, the samples exhibited a high cyclic stability after 5000 cycles at the current density of 5 A g−1. These results demonstrate that the variable valence of the embedded vanadium oxide can be obtained through different calcination processes, and the electrochemical performance of V2O5/CFs is better than that of V2O3/CFs and VO2–V2O5/CFs when they are applied in a supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zr-based bulk metallic glass is an amorphous alloy. In order to study the burr problem in the groove milling process of Zr-based bulk metallic glass, the milling force in the process is studied experimentally. Then the effect of milling parameters on the burr of Zr-based bulk metallic glass was studied, and the relationship between milling force and burr was analyzed. In order to further study the milling burr of amorphous alloy, under the same test parameters, the single crystal alloy material (nickel base single crystal superalloy DD5) and the traditional polycrystalline metal material (304 stainless steel) were selected for comparative test and analysis. The results show that Zr-based bulk metallic glass has good groove milling machinability. The test results provide some experimental basis for groove milling of Zr-based bulk metallic glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)-based immunotherapy is a promising strategy. Since TAMs are mainly composed of M2-type macrophages, they have a promoting effect on tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. M2-type macrophages contain a specific receptor CD163 on their surface, providing a prerequisite for active targeting to TAMs. In this study, we prepared CD163 monoclonal antibody modified doxorubicin-polymer prodrug nanoparticles (abbreviated as mAb-CD163-PDNPs) with pH responsiveness and targeted delivery. First, DOX was bonded with the aldehyde group of a copolymer by Schiff base reaction to form an amphiphilic polymer prodrug, which could self-assemble into nanoparticles in the aqueous solution. Then, mAb-CD163-PDNPs were generated through a "Click" reaction between the azide group on the surface of the prodrug nanoparticles and dibenzocyclocytyl-coupled CD163 monoclonal antibody (mAb-CD163-DBCO). The structure and assembly morphology of the prodrug and nanoparticles were characterized by 1H NMR, MALDI-TOF MS, FT-IR UV-vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In vitro drug release behavior, cytotoxicity, and cell uptake were also investigated. The results show that the prodrug nanoparticles have regular morphology and stable structure, especially mAb-CD163-PDNPs, which can actively target TAMs at tumor sites, respond to the acidic environment in tumor cells, and release drugs. While depleting TAMs, mAb-CD163-PDNPs can actively enrich drugs at the tumor site and have a strong inhibitory effect on TAMs and tumor cells. The result of the in vivo test also shows a good therapeutic effect, with a tumor inhibition rate of 81%. This strategy of delivering anticancer drugs in TAMs provides a new way to develop targeted drugs for immunotherapy of malignant tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the milling machinability of Zr-based bulk metallic glass, a comparative experimental study on the surface roughness of the milling groove bottom surface for Zr-based bulk metallic glass was carried out in this paper. Through different processing materials, milling tools with different coatings, milling tools with different geometric parameters, and different processing conditions, a large number of comparative tests were carried out on the surface roughness of the milling groove bottom surface for Zr-based bulk metallic glass. The surface roughness values of the milling groove bottom surface are compared, studied, and analyzed from many angles (surface roughness Sa, Sq, Sz, Ssk, and Sku). The test results show that Zr-based bulk metallic glass has good milling machinability. It can obtain a low surface roughness value through the processing conditions and methods used in the test. The research content of this paper provides experimental basis for groove milling of Zr-based bulk metallic glass. At the same time, it also provides a strong test basis for the manufacture of Zr-based bulk metallic glass parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of highly effective and non-precious electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains highly desirable. In this work, we report a facile strategy using preoxidized fiber films as a precursor to prepare a flower-like Mo 2 C-based electrocatalyst for the HER, in which the pyrolysis of a mixture of urea and ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate during thermal treatment realized nitrogen doping. The N–Mo 2 C/CNFs-900 electrocatalyst exhibits excellent HER activity with a small overpotential of 119 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in an alkaline solution and the Tafel slope was calculated to be 106.9 mV dec−1. N-M-9 demonstrated long term stability over 24 h. With an increase in temperature, MoO 2 was gradually transformed into Mo 2 C and the formation of Mo 2 C was promoted upon nitrogen doping. This work provides a feasible approach to synthesize high performance HER electrocatalysts for renewable energy applications. The N–Mo 2 C/CNFs were fabricated by the preoxidized nanofibers as templates using a facile solvothermal and high temperature carbonization. The presence of urea plays an important role in the formation of Mo 2 C and promotes the crystalline transformation. [Display omitted] • N-doped Mo2C nanoparticles coated with carbon nanofibers were synthesized using a simple solvothermal method for the HER. • N–Mo 2 C/CNFs-900 exhibit excellent activity and stability in alkaline media. • The Mo2+ and N dopants in N–Mo 2 C/CNFs-900 facilitate the HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We synthesized a porphyrin-functionalized conjugated microporous polymer by a simple Schiff base reaction and used it as an artificial protective coating for the Zn anode of aqueous zinc ion batteries. Due to the electronegativity and hydrophobicity of the polymer, the protective coating not only effectively inhibits the growth of Zn dendrites and the generation of corrosion reactions, but also promotes uniform Zn deposition, thereby achieving a stable Zn anode. [Display omitted] • Conjugated microporous polymer (ZnTAPP-TFTA) is rich in F and N elements. • The ZnTAPP-TFTA coating significantly improves the stability of the Zn anode. • The assembled full cell shows impressive electrochemical performance. • Theoretical calculations confirm that ZnTAPP-TFTA can promote uniform Zn deposition. In this paper, a multifunctional porphyrin-functionalized conjugated microporous polymer (ZnTAPP-TFTA) coating was prepared to achieve a stable dendritic-free Zn anode. The chemical structure of ZnTAPP-TFTA is rich in F and N elements. Through the interaction with Zn2+ ions, the transfer kinetics of Zn2+ ion are improved, the two-dimensional diffusion of Zn2+ ion is limited, and the rapid desolvation of hydrated Zn2+ ion is promoted, which not only inhibits the generation of hydrogen evolution reaction and inert by-products, but also induces uniform Zn deposition. Therefore, the ZnTAPP-TFTA@Zn symmetric cell exhibits a stable cycle life of 1100 h in comparison to the bare Zn symmetric cell. In addition, the ZnTAPP-TFTA@Zn//Cu asymmetric cell can maintain a coulombic efficiency of 98.7 % after cycling for 800 h. What's more, the full battery assembled with NH 4 V 4 O 10 cathode has higher specific capacity and excellent cycle stability. The strategy of realizing dendritic-free Zn anode by constructing functionalized CMPs points out a new way for the study of stable AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibration energy harvesting, which converts the mechanical vibrations that are commonly available in the surrounding environment to electrical energy, can realize self-power sensing, control and actuation, with the advantages of convenience, energy saving, eco friendliness and sustainability. However, it has some weakness, such as low output power, low efficiency, poor environmental adaptability and low reliability, which restrict its practical applications. It is necessary to optimize the harvester's structure, bias conditions and so on to adapt to the characteristics of ambient vibration, and then enhance the mechanical energy harvesting capability. This paper focuses on improving capability of the cantilever magnetostrictive harvester which is a new technology and still in the stage of proof-of working mechanism and concept prototype design. It systematically clarified the qualitative laws of the major factors affecting harvesting performance, including geometry, bias conditions, etc. Moreover, considering the low frequency characteristics of ambient vibration, it proposed an elastic magnifier with additional mass which can simultaneously enhance vibration harvesting, reduce resonance frequency and broaden effective frequency range. It was experimentally verified that the optimized magnetostrictive harvester can convert the mechanical vibration of 1 g acceleration into the voltage of 1210 mV. It was able to output 11 mW power to a load and the normalized power density reached to 18.3 mW/cm3/g. The magnetostrictive harvesting prototype successfully powered for multiple light emitting diode lamps, multiple digital display tubes and a low power electronic meter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient, stable and low-cost dual-function electrocatalysts and applicated it to Zn-air batteries are very important for the development of renewable energy storage and conversion technologies. Antiperovskite catalysts have attracted much attention recently due to their advantages of adjustable structure and high element selectivity. In this work, a flexible and adjustable antiperovskite catalyst ZnCCe 3−x Ni x (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) loaded on carbon fiber (ZnCCe 3−x Ni x /CNFs) was prepared by electrospinning technology and used as an air cathode catalyst for rechargeable Zn-air batteries. By doping the X-site with highly conductive transition metal Ni, the electronic structure of the catalyst ZnCCe 3−x Ni x /CNFs was optimized, and the catalytic activity of the antiperovskite bimetallic X-site was tuned to achieve an efficient and synergistic catalytic reaction. Among them, ZnCCe 2.7 Ni 0.3 /CNFs showed excellent OER/ORR bi-functional catalytic activity (Δ E = 0.82 V) and good stability. When ZnCCe 2.7 Ni 0.3 /CNFs is used as the cathode catalyst for rechargeable Zn-air batteries, it shows a power density of 117.99 mW cm−2, and the cycle stability can be maintained for up to 300 h, indicating its application potential in the field of Zn-air batteries. • Antiperovskite ZnCCe 3−x Ni x /CNFs were prepared by electrospinning method. • The OER/ORR bifunctional activity of ZnCCe 3−x Ni x /CNFs were optimized by doping Ni. • The power density of ZnCCe 2.7 Ni 0.3 /CNFs based zinc-air batteries was 117.99 mW cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of milling parameters on chip shape and chip morphology for Zr-based bulk metallic glass was studied in this paper. The milling groove experiments of Zr-based bulk metallic glass (Zr-based BMG) (Zr52Cu17.5Ti16Ni12Nb2.5) were conducted by using a JX-1A ultra-precision machine tool. In order to study the milling quality and milling characteristics of Zr-based bulk metallic glass, it is very important to study the chip shape and chip morphology. In this paper, firstly, the temperature field distribution of Zr-based bulk metallic glass in milling process was simulated by finite element method, and the milling temperature and its distribution at different cutting speeds were obtained. Then the effect of different milling parameters on chip shape and chip morphology was studied, and the reason of the change was analyzed. Then the influence of milling cutters with different geometric parameters on the chip shape and chip morphology of Zr-based bulk metallic glass was also studied. At last, under the same milling conditions, the chip shape and chip morphology of traditional polycrystalline metal materials, monocrystalline metal alloy materials, high-entropy alloy which is in amorphous system, and Zr-based bulk metallic glass were compared. It provides theoretical and experimental basis for the groove milling technology of Zr-based bulk metallic glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the maintenance requirements of ship shell plant, the old polyurethane paint needs to be removed from the ship shell plant. The experiment of repeated cleaning on the surface of polyurethane paint ship shell plate using pulse fiber laser is conducted by the large-scale laser cleaning system which was independently developed. The mechanism of twice repeated pulse fiber laser cleaning method was clarified. In this experiment, the effect of pulsed fiber laser power on surface roughness value was studied. The surface roughness of ship shell plate under different pulsed fiber laser power was obtained. The surface topography of two-dimensional and three-dimensional ship shell plate with different laser power was measured. The results showed that process parameters changed surface topography of ship shell plant by changing laser power. The cross-section profiles of the ship shell plate surface under different laser power are obtained. It is found that the surface height of ship shell plate decreases with the increase of pulsed fiber laser power. The relationship among the pulsed fiber laser power, the surface roughness, and the surface topography was analyzed. The surface topography of ship shell plate obtained by once pulse fiber laser cleaning was compared with that obtained by twice repeated laser cleaning. The experimental results show that twice repeated laser cleaning has a very significant cleaning effect on the removal of polyurethane paint which is on the ship shell plant. The experimental results are of practical significance to the production process of pules fiber laser cleaning for ship shell plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Great length, large weight and other factors may cause difficulty in measuring the profile accuracy of the double-headed screw rotor. To solve this problem, an on-machine measuring system based on a laser-displacement sensor (LDS) was designed and implemented in this paper by taking an LXK100 four-axis whirlwind milling machine as the carrier. To improve the measurement accuracy of the system, the generalized variable-structural-element morphological method, polynomial interpolation algorithm and ellipse fitting method were first combined to realize the rapid subpixel centroid extraction from a noise-containing spot image, thus improving the data acquisition accuracy of the LDS, and then the hybrid method was experimentally verified. Next, a wavelet threshold function with high-order differentiability and adaptive wavelet coefficient contractility was constructed based on the hyperbolic tangent function, so as to inhibit the disturbance from random errors and preserve real profile information, and this method was simulated and verified. Subsequently, a smoothing algorithm for point cloud data was proposed based on the Lagrange multiplier method to avoid the defect of the piecewise curve-fitting method, that is, function continuity and differentiability could not be satisfied at piecewise points. Finally, the profile accuracy was calculated in real time according to the data reconstruction result and the machining quality was judged. The measurement experiment of the double-headed screw rotor indicates that the proposed on-machine measuring system can complete the profile accuracy measurement for a screw pitch within 39.7 s with measurement accuracy reaching ±8 μm, and the measurement uncertainties of the major axis, minor axis and screw pitch are 0.72 μm, 0.69 μm and 1.24 μm, respectively. Therefore, the measurement accuracy and efficiency are both remarkably improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible and portable supercapacitors as a variety of energy storage devices are used in wearable electronic devices. However, the practical application of flexible supercapacitors is still restricted by comparatively poor performance. Herein, we have successfully prepared porous carbon nanofibers supported Sn and Zn bimetallic composites as flexible and freestanding electrode material in supercapacitors. Sn element encapsulated in nano-fiber films were prepared by electrospinning technique, the SnO x -ZnO/MCNFs composites were formed by immersion of different proportions of Zn2+, and further high temperature carbonization process. In addition, on the basis of comparative experiments, a possible mechanism for effective synergy between the two metals were raised. The specific capacitance of SnO x -ZnO/MCNFs-10 mmol/L at 0.5 A g−1 is 783 F g−1 with the retention rate of 87% after 5000 cycles, which is higher than their respective counterparts SnO x /MCNFs (599 F g−1) and ZnO/MCNFs (429 F g−1). Moreover, a flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) was further assembled with the energy density of 37.7 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 374.9 W kg−1, and long-term cyclic stability (76.2% after 5000 cycles). The reason for the remarkable electrochemical performance could be the reasonable combination of the two electrode materials, which provides a new idea for the application of composite materials in supercapacitors. • Porous carbon nanofibers supported Sn and Zn have been successfully prepared. • The specific capacitance of SnO x -ZnO/MCNFs-10 at 0.5 A g−1 is 783 F g−1 with the retention rate of 87% after 5000 cycles. • The SnO x and ZnO in the sample showed strong synergistic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The milling groove experiments of Zr-based bulk metallic glass (Zr-based BMG) (Zr52Cu17.5Ti16Ni12Nb2.5) are conducted by using an ultra-precision lathe. In order to study the milling groove flank contour accuracy in mesoscale groove milling for Zr-based bulk metallic glass component, the milling force and the flank contour shape were investigated by single-factor experiment. The effect of milling process parameters of Zr-based bulk metallic glass materials on the milling force and the flank contour profile of milling groove were obtained, and the relationship between flank contour profile of milling groove and milling force was also obtained. The flank contour profile of milling groove for Zr-based bulk metallic glass is analyzed theoretically. The effect of milling experimental parameters on the deviation between the actual flank contour profile of milling groove and the theoretical flank contour profile of milling groove is analyzed and summarized through the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are considered to be the key to solve the safety hazards and cycling performance of liquid high‐voltage lithium metal batteries (HVLMBs), but still suffer from low conductivity and poor interfacial compatibility. Here, polyvinylidene fluoride–polyvinyl acetate‐based (PVDF–PVAC) rigid–flexible coupling SPE selectively wetted by a tetramethylene sulfone (TMS) is prepared for high‐performance and superior‐safety HVLMBs. The intermolecular interactions in such SPE significantly facilitate lithium‐ion conductivity and electrolyte/electrode interface wettability. Moreover, PVAC selectively wetted with the TMS enhances interface compatibility with Li anodes and high‐voltage LiCoO2 cathodes. As a result, the as‐assembled LiCoO2/lithium‐metal solid‐state batteries present excellent cyclability with 85% capacity retention after 200 cycles between 3.0 and 4.5 V at room temperature. Furthermore, pouch cells with the as‐prepared SPE exhibit brilliant safety and superior interfacial compatibility. This study offers a promising and general selectively wetted design strategy to handle the compatibility and safety issues in HVLMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemotherapy-conjugated immunotherapy in clinical oncology conceptually resembles the combined effects of cytoreduction and immunostimulation in membrane targeted cell killings mediated by pore-forming proteins or host defense peptides. Of the similar concept, targeting cancer cell membrane using membrane active peptides is a hopeful therapeutic modality but had long been hindered from in vivo application. Here we report an enabling strategy of pre-opsonizing a membrane penetrating Ir-complexed octa-arginine peptide (iPep) with serum albumin via intrinsic amphipathicity-driven bimodal interactions into nanoparticles (NP). We found that NP triggered stress-mediated 4T1 cell oncosis which induced potent immunological activation, surpassing several well-known immunogenic medicines. Vested with albumin-enhanced in vivo tumor targeting specificity and pharmacokinetic properties, NP showed combined chemo to immunotherapies of s. c. tumors in mice, with decreased percentages of MDSC, Treg, M2-like macrophage and improved infiltration of CTLs in tumor site, caused complete regression of 4T1 and CT26 tumors, outperforming clinical medicines. In a challenging orthotopic breast cancer model, boost i. v. injections of NP acted as in situ tumor vaccine that drastically enhanced 4T1-specific cellular and humoral immunities to reverse disease progression. Thus, with combined effects of direct cytoreduction, immune activation and tumor vaccine, iPep-NP presents the promise and potential of a new modality of cancer medicine. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of tumor cell-targeting drugs that have developed rapidly in recent years. From the perspective of further improving ADC targeting and developing natural macromolecules as drug carriers, it is still challenging and necessary to try new targeted drug delivery modalities. In this study, we have developed an antibody-modified prodrug nanoparticle based on biomacromolecule dextran (DEX) to delivery antitumour drug doxorubicin (DOX). Firstly, oxidized dextran (ODEX) and DOX were bonded to yield ODEX-DOX via Schiff base reaction, which can self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs) carrying some aldehyde groups. Subsequently, the amino groups of CD147 monoclonal antibody were bound to the aldehyde groups on the surface of ODEX-DOX NPs, resulting in acid-responsive and antibody-modified CD147-ODEX-DOX NPs with relatively small particle size and high DOX loading. FT-IR, UV-Vis, HPLC, and 1H NMR were used to demonstrate the successful synthesis of polymer prodrug ODEX-DOX NPs and antibody-modified nanomedicine CD147-ODEX-DOX NPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to evaluate the stability and the pH responsiveness of ODEX-DOX NPs in different media and tumour microenvironment. The in vitro total release content of DOX reached approximately 70% in PB 5.0 buffer solution after 103 h. Furthermore, the in vivo antitumour efficacy and biodistribution experiments confirmed that CD147-ODEX-DOX NPs could significantly inhibit the growth of HepG2 tumour. All of the results indicate that this acid-sensitive nanomedicine has higher safety and targeting effects. It promises to be an ideal strategy for future targeted drug delivery systems and anticancer therapies. [Display omitted] • An antibody-modified nanoprodrug based on oxidized dextran (ODEX) and doxorubicin (DOX) was prepared. • CD147 mAb was bound onto the surface of prodrug ODEX-DOX nanoparticles by Schiff base reaction. • The multifunctional nanoparticles have abilities of active targeting and pH responsive drug delivery. • In vitro and in vivo tests prove that antibody-bonded nanoprodrugs have good targeting and tumor-inhibiting effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A proposed permanent magnetic suspension using flux path control has quasi-zero power characteristic since its unique structure realizes transmitting the suspended object's gravity the system frame, and the motor just drives the permanent magnet to rotate and suffers a small regular torque caused of the system magnetic potential. The small regular torque will deteriorate the system's response characteristics and suspension stability. This paper optimizes the system structure for improving the quasi-zero power characteristic. Firstly, the structure and the suspension principle of the former system is introduced, and the rotational torque on the motor's shaft was measured using an experimental prototype. Secondly, a symmetric offset optimal structure was proposed through analyzing the experimental results of rotational torque, and the torque on the motor's shaft was calculated by using a FEM model. The simulation results indicate that the rotational torque was reduced to about 15% of the former structure using the optimized structure with a magnetic separation iron plate. Finally, the experimental prototype with the optimized structure was manufactured, and the measurement experiment for the torque was carried out. The experiment results verified the validity of the simulation results and the optimizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multichannel carbon nanofibers-based amorphous vanadium (VMCNFs) was fabricated via electrospinning technology and calcination process. The amorphous V 2 O 5 were homogeneous dispersed in the carbon nanofibers with inner hollow channels. One-dimensional structure nanomaterials with a compound inner fistulous pore construction promote the electrochemical property due to the synergistic effect between the hollow inner channels and carbon nanofibers with amorphous vanadium. With changing the addition amount of PS acting as a porogen, the optimized VMCNFs-0.5, in which the molar ratio of VO(acac) 2 /styrene monomer (SM) was 0.5, exhibited a high specific capacitance of 739 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 and good cycling performance with 80.3% capacitance retention after 1500 cycles. Thus this novel method can provide an acceptable idea for practical applications in energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]