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BackgroundWith aging deepening, there is an increasing demand for medical and elderly care services in Chinese older residents. However, current medical and pension services are still in a state of disconnection. In this regard, integrated medical and nursing care could continuously satisfy their multi-level healthcare needs via orderly combining medical and nursing care resources.ObjectiveTo comprehensively analyze the willingness of Chinese elderly residents to use integrated medical and nursing care.MethodsThe literature on the willingness of Chinese elderly residents to use integrated medical and nursing care was searched in databases including CNKI, WanFang Data, CQVIP, PubMed and Web of Science from inception to December, 2020. Data of studies satisfying the inclusion criteria were extracted and meta-analyzed. The literature quality was evaluated by using the current situation survey bias risk assessment criteria (JBI) .ResultsA total of 20 articles were included. The effective sample size of the study was 14 089 cases, and 4 268 residents were willing to participate. The JBI scores of the literature included in the study were 14-18 points, which were greater than 70% of the total score. The quality of the literature included in the study was high. The overall rate of Chinese elderly residents' willingness to use integrated medical and nursing care was 40.5%〔95%CI (33.3%, 47.7%) 〕. Results of subgroup analysis demonstrated that educational background〔OR (95%CI) =0.71 (0.59, 0.85) , P

Aiming at the problems of being vulnerable to internal attacks and frequent link interruption in flying ad hoc networks (FANETs), a trust-based ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing protocol (TAOMDV) is proposed. Firstly, a trust evaluation model is established. The packet forward ratio, trusted interaction and probe packet receive ratio are introduced as trust evaluation factors. An adaptive fuzzy trust aggregation network (AFTAN) is designed to calculate the direct trust of nodes, while the indirect trust of reliable neighbor nodes is integrated as well to calculate node trust. Secondly, the trust fluctuation penalty mechanism is introduced to resist the on-off attack in the trust model. Finally, the trust model is applied to ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) protocol. In the route discovery phase, the path trust is introduced as the basis for routing selection to establish a trusted path. In the route maintenance phase, the path alarm mechanism is applied to respond to malicious nodes in a timely manner. The simulation results show that the TAOMDV can not only defend against common attacks, such as black hole attack, gray hole attack and on-off attack, but also reduce the impact of topology changes and link interruptions. Compared with light-weight trust-enhanced ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (TEAOMDV), the proposed protocol effectively improves the delivery ratio and throughput of the network, which contributes to the better performance in routing overhead and average end-to-end delay.

Aiming to remove the false alarm caused by azimuth ambiguity in SAR imagery during the process of ship target detection, a method based on the improved H/α/Wishart unsupervised classification is proposed. First, the scattering echo peak zone of target is extracted and the H/α classification results are treated as the initial cluster centers. Second, the ship target and azimuth ambiguity are identified by comparing and analyzing the structure of each region. It is showed by experiment that the method can detect ships based on the azimuth ambiguity; thus the false alarm rate in SAR-based ship detection is reduced.

The experiment was to use ultrasonic and compound enzyme method to extract polysaccharide from fresh Portulaca oleracea. Through single factor test and Box Behnken central combination test design, the quadratic regression model of the extraction rate of polysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea was analyzed by Design Expert 8.0.6 software, and the extraction rate under the technology was compared with that of single ultrasonic method. The results showed that the optimum technological parameters of ultrasonic assisted enzymatic extraction of polysaccharides from Portulaca oleracea were liquid to material ratio of 31 mL/g, ultrasonic power of 160 W, enzyme ratio (cellulase: papain) of 2.2: 1, and enzymatic hydrolysis time of 51 min. Under the condition, the extraction rate of Portulaca oleracea polysaccharide was 21.23 mg/g. The extraction yield of polysaccharides from Portulaca oleraceaby single ultrasonic wave was only 19.72 mg/g, which was significantly lower than that by ultrasonic and compound enzyme method. The study indicates that it is feasible to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exactly extracting the stable feature of high resolution SAR image as well as matching it are two critical steps for the Antomatic regiestation systems. It is suggested that the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm can be applied in the optical image registration systems and four representative experiments were performed to test its validity. It is found that SIFT can accurately register the high resolution SAR images than the traditional Harris in applicability and precision.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of phosphorylatable nucleus localization signal linked nucleic kinase substrate short peptide (NNSp)-conjugated chitosan (NNSp-CS) mediated miR-140 and IGF-1 in both rabbit chondrocytes and cartilage defects model. NNSp-CS was combined with pBudCE4.1-IGF-1, pBudCE4.1-miR-140, and negative control pBudCE4.1 to form pDNA/NNSp-CS complexes. Then these complexes were transfected into chondrocytes or injected intra-articularly into the knee joints. High levels of IGF-1 and miR-140 expression were detected both in vitro and in vivo. Compared with pBudCE4.1 group, in vitro, the transgenic groups significantly promoted chondrocyte proliferation, increased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, and ACAN, COL2A1, and TIMP-1 levels, and reduced the levels of nitric oxide (NO), MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5. In vivo, the exogenous genes enhanced COL2A1, ACAN, and TIMP-1 expression in cartilage and reduced cartilage Mankin score and the contents of NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and GAG contents in synovial fluid of rabbits, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, COL1A2, and COL10A1 levels in cartilage. Double gene combination showed better results than single gene. This study indicate that NNSp-CS is a better gene delivery vehicle in gene therapy for cartilage defects and that miR-140 combination IGF-1 transfection has better biologic effects on cartilage defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In elderly women and patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), activating their remaining dormant primordial follicles in vivo is challenging. In this study, we found that phosphodiesterase (PDE) subtypes were expressed mainly in primordial follicle oocytes. The specific PDE inhibitors and theophylline derivatives (aminophylline, dyphylline, and enprofylline) activated primordial follicles in neonatal mice by ovary culture and intraperitoneal injection. These inhibitors also increased the levels of ovarian cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and oocyte phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt). The blockade of gap junctions using carbenoxolone (CBX) increased the levels of ovarian cAMP and pre-granulosa cell phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), suggesting that oocyte PDEs hydrolyze cAMP from pre-granulosa cells through gap junctions to maintain primordial follicle dormancy. Importantly, oral aminophylline improved ovulated oocyte quantity and quality, and increased offspring numbers in naturally aged mice. In addition, theophylline derivatives also activated human primordial follicles and increased p-Akt levels. Thus, theophylline derivatives activate primordial follicles by accumulating cAMP levels and activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in oocytes, and oral aminophylline increased fertility in naturally aged female mice by improving ovulated oocyte quantity and quality. As oral medications, theophylline derivatives may be used to improve fertility in elderly women and patients with POI., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

Characterization of phosphorus (P) and its risk of loss in urban soils in Kaifeng City, Henan Province were studied through field sampling and laboratory experiments. The spatial distribution of P and the map of risk of loss were obtained using geostatistical and spatial analysis techniques. The P content in urban soils ranged from 400 to 1427 mg·kg -1 , the proportions of inorganic P in total P ranged from 65% to 99%, and Olsen-P and CaCl 2 -P in soils were 3.41-115.03 mg·kg -1 and 0.01-9.40 mg·kg -1 , respectively. The composition of P was consistent in different urban areas and P concentrations were higher in residential areas. Spatial variations in P concentrations in soils were significant; the concentrations of P in eastern Kaifeng City were higher than those in western Kaifeng and the highest concentrations were detected in central Kaifeng. Olsen-P can be used as an indicator of the leaching risk of soil P. The critical value of leaching P from the soil was 22.18 mg·kg -1 and the concentration of Olsen-P in 33.64% of urban soil samples exceeded the critical value. The highest risk of P loss existed in central Kaifeng City.

Aim: To investigate the effect of dopamine on bone morphogenesis protein-2 (BMP-2) expression in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in vitro ., Methods: ARPE-19 cells as a human RPE cell line were cultured with dopamine for different times (2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24h) or with different concentrations (0.1, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100 µg/mL) in vitro . BMP-2 mRNA expression level in ARPE-19 cells was analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and BMP-2 protein level was measured with Western blot analysis. The active form of BMP-2 in the culture medium was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)., Results: The expression level of BMP-2 increased significantly cultured with 20 µg/mL dopamine, at different time points ( P <0.05). BMP-2 mRNA level peaked 2h and the protein level peaked at 6 and 8h after treatment. The concentrations of secreted BMP-2 elevated at 12h and peaked at 24h ( P <0.05) in a time-dependent manner. Treated with 100 µg/mL dopamine for 6h, the expression levels of BMP-2 mRNA and protein in ARPE-19 cells were enhanced significantly compared to that in the untreated cells ( P <0.05). And secreted BMP-2 protein in the cell culture supernatant was also increased ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Dopamine up-regulate BMP-2 expression in RPE cells, and this may be associated with its inhibitive effect on myopia development.

There are two major problems of sophisticated vegetation classification (SVC) using hyperspectral image. Classification results using only spectral information can hardly meet the application requirements with the needed vegetation type becoming more sophisticated. And applications of classification image are also limited due to salt and pepper noise. Therefore the SVC strategy based on construction and optimization of vegetation feature band set (FBS) is proposed. Besides spectral and texture features of original image, 30 spectral indices which are sensitive to biological parameters of vegetation are added into FBS in order to improve the separability between different kinds of vegetation. And to achieve the same goal a spectral-dimension optimization algorithm of FBS based on class-pair separability (CPS) is also proposed. A spatial-dimension optimization algorithm of FBS based on neighborhood pixels' spectral angle distance (NPSAD) is proposed so that detailed information can be kept during the image smoothing process. The results of SVC experiments based on airborne hyperspectral image show that the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy of SVC so that some widespread application prospects like identification of crop species, monitoring of invasive species and precision agriculture are expectable.

Ninety-nine topsoil (0-15 cm) samples were collected from Kaifeng City, China using the grid method, and then the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the samples were measured by standard methods. Soil pollution levels and potential ecological risks of the heavy metals were assessed using the pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (RI), respectively. Ordinary Kriging interpolation technique was employed to investigate the spatial distribution of PLI and RI of the city. The results showed that high pollution of Cd occurred in Kaifeng urban soils, and there was moderate pollution of Zn, slight pollution of Pb and Cu, and no pollution of Ni, Cr and As. Very high ecological risk was posed by Cd and low risk by other metals. The mean PLI of the 7 metals from all sample points was 2.53, which was categorized as moderate pollution. The average RI was 344.58 which represented a considerable ecological risk. PLI and RI shared a similar spatial distribution with high values centralized in the old industrial area in the southeast and railway stations for passengers and goods in the south of the city, followed by the old town within the ancient city wall, and low values located in the north and west areas. Cadmium was the main factor for both soil pollution and potential ecological risk primarily due to farmland topsoil in the eastern suburb of Kaifeng City with high Cd concentrations resulted from sewage irrigation deposited in the urban area by wind, human activities such as soot discharged from the chemical fertilizer plant of Kaifeng, transportation and coal combustion.

Objective: To investigate the expression of CD44 in leukemia cell lines and its role in adhesion, migration and infiltration of leukemia cells., Methods: The expression levels of CD44 in four leukemia cell lines SHI-1, THP-1, NB4 and K562 were assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot when they were in logarithmic phase. And these cell lines were divided into control group (treated with same species and isotype IgG) and experimental group (treated with anti-CD44 mono-clonal antibody). The assays of cell-cell adhesion to endothelial cells line ECV304, migration through the artificial matrix membrane and infiltration through the Matrigel were performed., Results: The relative expression ratios of CD44 to GAPDH in SHI-1, THP-1, NB4 cells were 0.0731 ± 0.0072, 0.0827 ± 0.0151 and 0.1473 ± 0.0365, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in K562 cells (0.0002 ± 0.0000, P < 0.01). Cell-cell adhesion assay showed that the adhesion rates of SHI-1, THP-1 and NB4 cells in the experimental group decreased to 72.78%, 64.09% and 57.42%, respectively, and were lower than those of the control groups, while that of K562 cells in the experimental group was 106.16%. Migration assay showed that the transmembrane rates of SHI-1,THP-1 and NB4 cells were 55%, 29% and 25% in the control group, respectively, and decreased to 32%, 18% and 12% in the experimental group, respectively, while those of K562 cells in both control group and experimental group remained 2%. The infiltration rates of SHI-1, THP-1 and NB4 cells decreased from 24%, 15% and 13% in the control group to 12%, 8% and 4% in the experimental group, respectively, while K562 cells in both groups could not pass through the Matrigel., Conclusion: CD44 antigen might play an important role in the adhesion, migration and infiltration of leukemia cells and be involved in the extra-medullary infiltration of leukemia cells.