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Early/late heterobimetallic complexes are widely recognized as one of the most effective catalysts for activating coupling reactions. Herein, DFT calculations were used to investigate the specific mechanisms of terminal alkyne dimerization facilitated by two types of Zr/Co complexes: the bis (phosphinoamide) complex B and the mono (phosphinoamide) complex C. In addition, their reaction activities were compared with that of three ligand‐bridged Zr/Co complex A. The results show that the activated mechanisms of the three reactions are similar, all of them contain inner‐ and outer‐sphere mechanisms, and the inner one is the optimal process. Compared to A, the terminal alkyne dimerizations activated by B and C have the lower energy barriers and better selectivity for the E‐isomer; thus, the mono‐ and bis‐(phosphinoamide) Zr/Co complexes are expected to show better activity and selectivity than tris (phosphinoamide) complexes. The stereoselectivity of E‐, Z‐, and gem‐isomers is controlled by the reductive elimination process. The IRI analysis reveals that the selectivity for E‐ and Z‐isomers is influenced due to the notable repulsion and vdW interaction between the second alkyne and the MeNPMe2 ligand. Our work provides a theoretical basis for experimental applications and offers inspiration for the design of high selectivity heterobimetallic complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Salted hen egg yolks are less oily and less flavorful than salted duck egg yolks. However, hen eggs have a more adequate market supply and have a broader application prospect than duck eggs. In the present study, egg yolks, plasma, and granules were dehydrated by adding 1% NaCl to simulate traditional curing process of salted egg yolk. The changes in the pickling process of hen egg yolks (HEY) and duck egg yolks (DEY) plasma and granules were compared to reveal the gelation mechanism and the underlying causes of quality differences in salted HEY and DEY. Salted HEY can be compared with the changes in DEY during the pickling process to provide a theoretical basis for the quality improvement of salted HEY to salted DEY. RESULTS: The results showed that both plasma and granules were involved in gel formation, but exhibited different aggregation behaviors. Based on the intermolecular forces, the HEY proteins achieved aggregation mainly through hydrophobic interactions and DEY proteins mainly through covalent binding. According to spin–spin relaxation time, HEY gels immobilized a large amount of lipid and interacted strongly with lipids. DEY gels showed much free lipid and had weak interaction with lipid. The microstructure showed that HEY proteins were easily unfolded to form a homogeneous three‐dimensional gel network structure after salting, whereas heterogeneous aggregates were formed to hinder the gel development in DEY. Changes in protein secondary structure content showed that pickling can promote the transformation of the α‐helices to β‐sheets structure in HEY gels, whereas more α‐helices structure was formed in DEY gels. CONCLUSION: The present study has demonstrated that different gelation behaviors of hen and duck egg yolk proteins (especially in plasma) through salting treatment led to the difference in the quality of salted HEY and DEY. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) system, with a long axial field of view, represents the state-of-the-art PET imaging technique. Recently, the total-body PET/CT system has been commercially available. The total-body PET/CT system enables high-resolution whole-body imaging, even under extreme conditions such as ultra-low dose, extremely fast imaging speed, delayed imaging more than 10 h after tracer injection, and total-body dynamic scan. The total-body PET/CT system provides a real-time picture of the tracers of all organs across the body, which not only helps to explain normal human physiological process, but also facilitates the comprehensive assessment of systemic diseases. In addition, the total-body PET/CT system may play critical roles in other medical fields, including cancer imaging, drug development and immunology. Main body: Therefore, it is of significance to summarize the existing studies of the total-body PET/CT systems and point out its future direction. This review collected research literatures from the PubMed database since the advent of commercially available total-body PET/CT systems to the present, and was divided into the following sections: Firstly, a brief introduction to the total-body PET/CT system was presented, followed by a summary of the literature on the performance evaluation of the total-body PET/CT. Then, the research and clinical applications of the total-body PET/CT were discussed. Fourthly, deep learning studies based on total-body PET imaging was reviewed. At last, the shortcomings of existing research and future directions for the total-body PET/CT were discussed. Conclusion: Due to its technical advantages, the total-body PET/CT system is bound to play a greater role in clinical practice in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of event‐triggered control (ETC) of stochastic nonlinear delayed systems with state quantization is investigated. In order to reduce the communication burden and computational cost, an ETC mechanism and state quantization are introduced in the control scheme. Two configurations are considered to investigate their interaction: quantization before event‐trigger (QE) and quantization after event‐trigger (EQ), respectively. Based on this, a static event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is designed while avoiding the Zeno phenomenon. The system allows known input‐to‐state stability (ISS) control law, followed by utilizing the Halanay inequality to achieve stabilization. In both configurations, the stabilization of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed. We show that communication times can be reduced by adjusting parameters and selecting the suitable configuration. Moreover, to further enhance resource conservation, we illustrate the feasibility of dynamic ETMs in this framework. Numerical simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed ETC schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a malignant tumor with a high probability of metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. To gain insights into the TME of LSCC, we conducted single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) on samples collected from LSCC patients with or without lymphatic metastasis. The stem and immune cell signatures in LSCC suggest their roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. Infiltration of a large number of regulatory T cells, dysplastic plasma cells, and macrophages that are at the early development stage in the cancerous tissue indicates an immunosuppressive state. Abundant neutrophils detected at the cancer margins reflect the inflammatory microenvironment. In addition to dynamic ligand-receptor interactions between the stromal and myeloid cells, the enhanced autophagy in endothelial cells and fibroblasts implies a role in nutrient supply. Taken together, the comprehensive atlas of LSCC obtained allowed us to identify a complex yet unique TME of LSCC, which may help identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LSCC. A scRNA-seq study reveals a complex yet unique tumor microenvironment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) with lymphatic metastasis, and the data may help identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third gasotransmitter, plays a critical role in protecting against heart failure. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a highly conserved histone deacetylase that has a protective role in the treatment of heart failure by regulating the deacetylation of some functional proteins. This study investigates the interaction between SIRT1 and H2S in heart failure and the underlying mechanisms. Using endogenous H2S-generating enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) knockout mice, we found that CSE deficiency aggravated isoprenaline-induced cardiac injury. Treatment with H2S attenuated atrial natriuretic peptide level, brain natriuretic peptide level, improved cardiac function. Moreover, H2S treatment potentiated myocardial SIRT1 expression. Silencing CSE abolished intracellular SIRT1 expression. Furthermore, CSE/ H2S S-sulfhydrated SIRT1 at its zinc finger domains and augmented its zinc ion binding activity to stabilize the alpha-helix structure. In conclusion, these results uncover that a novel mechanism that CSE/H2S S-sulfhydrated SIRT1 to prevent heart dysfunction through modulating its activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Most conventional digital bioassays rely on the use of fully‐sealed microchambers as independent units to compartmentalize the target molecules and the signal generation reaction, which require specialized equipment or proprietary reagents/consumables. Herein, we report a microchamber‐free and spherical nucleic acid (SNA)‐amplified digital flow cytometric bead assay (dFBA) for ultrasensitive protein and exosome analysis with simple workflows, easily accessible instruments/reagents, and high discriminating ability towards the fluorescence‐positive and fluorescence‐negative beads. In this dFBA, microbeads are employed as independent carriers to anchor the single target molecule‐initiated signal amplification reaction, avoiding the use of sealed droplets or microwell microchambers. Meanwhile, antibody‐functionalized SNAs (FSNAs) with a high density of DNA probes act as a bridge for efficiently amplified target‐to‐DNA signal conversion, which allows the use of DNA‐based rolling circle amplification (RCA) as the fluorescence signal amplification technique to quantify non‐nucleic acid targets. Even a single target‐induced on‐bead RCA and fluorescence enriching are sufficient to make the target‐loaded bead bright enough to be clearly discriminated from the negative ones just by use of a most common flow cytometer (FCM). This dFBA has successfully realized the digital analysis of ultralow levels of protein and exosome biomarkers, enlarging the toolbox of digital bioassays for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The population ageing process worldwide is leading to an increasing number of women in the perimenopausal phase. Many of the perimenopausal symptoms, such as headache, depression, insomnia, and cognitive decline, are neurological in nature. Therefore, the study of the perimenopausal brain is of great importance. In addition, relevant studies can also provide an imaging basis for multiple therapies to treat perimenopausal symptoms. Because of its non-invasive nature, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has now been widely applied to the study of perimenopausal brains, revealing alterations in the brain associated with symptoms during the menopause transition. In this review, we collected papers and works of literature on the perimenopausal brain using MRI techniques in the Web of Science database. We firstly described the general principles and analysis methods of different MRI modalities briefly and then reviewed the structural, functional, perfusion, and metabolic compounds changes in the brain of perimenopausal women respectively, and described the latest advances in probing the perimenopausal brain using MRI, resulting in summary diagrams and figures. Based on the summary of existing works of the literature, this review further provided a perspective on multi-modal MRI studies in the perimenopausal brain, suggesting that population-based, multi-center, and longitudinal studies will be beneficial to the comprehensive understanding of changes in the perimenopausal brain. In addition, we found a hint towards neural heterogeneity in the perimenopausal brain, which should be addressed by future MRI studies to provide more help for the precise diagnosis and personalized treatment of perimenopausal symptoms. Key Points: • Perimenopause is not only a physiological transition but also a period of neurological transition. • Multi-modal MRI studies have revealed that perimenopause is accompanied by alterations in the brain, which is implicated in many perimenopausal symptoms. • The diversity in the multi-modal MRI findings may give a hint to neural heterogeneity in the perimenopausal brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, graph convolutional networks (GCNs) has demonstrated great success in the text classification. However, the GCN only focuses on the fitness between the ground-truth labels and the predicted ones. Indeed, it ignores the local intra-class diversity and local inter-class similarity that is implicitly encoded by the graph, which is an important cue in machine learning field. In this paper, we propose a local discriminative graph convolutional network (LDGCN) to boost the performance of text classification. Different from the text GCN that minimize only the cross entropy loss, our proposed LDGCN is trained by optimizing a new discriminative objective function. So that, in the new LDGCN feature spaces, the texts from the same scene class are mapped closely to each other and the texts of different classes are mapped as farther apart as possible. So as to ensure that the features extracted by GCN have good discriminative ability, achieve the maximum separability of samples. Experimental results demonstrate its superiority against the baselines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following cardiac arrest, complements can be activated and excessive autophagy can contribute to the brain ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mild hypothermia (HT) protects against brain I/R injury after ROSC, but the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that HT significantly inhibited the increases in serum NSE, S100β, and C5a, as well as neurologic deficit scores, TUNEL-positive cells, and autophagic vacuoles in the pig brain cortex after ROSC. The C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) mRNA and the C5a, C5aR1, Beclin 1, LC3-II, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were significantly increased, but the P62 protein and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins were significantly reduced in pigs after ROSC or neuronal oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. HT could significantly attenuate the above changes in NT-treated neurons. Furthermore, C5a treatment induced autophagy and apoptosis and reduced the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins in cultured neurons, which could be reversed by C5aR1 antagonist PMX205. Our findings demonstrated that C5a could bind to C5aR1 to induce neuronal autophagy during the brain I/R injury, which was associated with the inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. HT could inhibit C5a-induced neuronal autophagy by regulating the C5a–C5aR1 interaction and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which might be one of the neuroprotective mechanisms underlying I/R injury. The C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) mRNA and the C5a, C5aR1, Beclin 1, LC3-II, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were significantly increased, but the P62 protein and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins were significantly reduced in pigs after ROSC or neuronal oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. Mild hypothermia (HT) could significantly attenuate the above changes in NT-treated neurons. Furthermore, C5a treatment induced autophagy and apoptosis and reduced the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins in cultured neurons, which could be reversed by C5aR1 antagonist PMX205. Proposed mechanism by which HT protects against brain I/R injury by repressing C5a–C5aR1-induced excessive autophagy. Complement activation in response to brain I/R injury generates C5a that can interact with C5aR1 to inactivate mTOR, probably through the PI3K-AKT pathway, which can finally lead to autophagy activation. The excessively activated autophagy ultimately contributes to cell apoptosis and brain injury. HT may alleviate complement activation and then reduce C5a-induced autophagy to protect against brain I/R injury. HT, mild hypothermia; I/R, ischemia reperfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new Fe-substituted TiFeNb10O29−δ (TFNO) anode is proposed. TFNO possesses a defective and polycrystalline ReO3 Roth–Wadsley shear structure with a slightly larger lattice volume. Electrochemical behavior results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that TFNO can facilitate the kinetics of electron/Li+ transportation and demonstrates pseudocapacitive behavior. Consequently, TFNO exhibits superior high rate capacity and cycling stability compared to pristine TNO, offering 100 mA h g−1 at an ultrahigh rate of 50C and a high capacity retention of 86.7% over 1000 cycles at 10C. This work reveals that TFNO could be a promising anode material for fast-charging, stable, and safe LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the major challenges to obtain high spatial resolution in snapshot hyperspectral imaging, 3D printed glass lightguide array is developed to sample the intermediate image in high spatial resolution and redistribute the pixels in the output end to achieve high spectral resolution. Curved 3D printed lightguide array can significantly simplify the snapshot hyperspectral imaging system, achieve better imaging performance, and reduce the system complexity and cost. Two‐photon polymerization process to print glass lightguide array is developed, and the system performance with biological samples is demonstrated. This new snapshot technology will catalyze new hyperspectral imaging system development and open doors for new applications from UV to infrared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In gold(I) catalysis, the activation of Au(I) chloride catalysts via chloride abstraction and noncovalent interactions has become a research focus in organometallic catalysis. In this work, taking halogen bond donors (C4H2INO2, C6F5I, C8H9O2I) as activators for a Au(I) chloride catalyst (Ph3PAuCl), the mechanism of the cyclization reaction of propargylic amide was investigated. It was found that there are two activation modes as design principles to obtain the catalytically active species Ph3PAu+: the halogen bond donors activate the Cl atoms of Ph3PAuCl to form X–I⋯Cl (X = C, N) classical halogen bonds and activate the Au atoms of Ph3PAuCl to form X–I⋯Au (X = C, N) metal-involved halogen bonds. For the two activation modes, the mechanism of the cyclization reaction of propargylic amide has pathways: the chloride abstraction process of the first step and the 5-exo/6-endo cyclization process of the second step. Both activation modes show good activity for the cyclization reaction with the activation ability of classical halogen bonds being slightly stronger than that of the metal-involved halogen bonds, which is consistent with the strength of the X–I⋯Cl halogen bonds being slightly stronger than that of the X–I⋯Au halogen bonds. Therefore, both metal-involved halogen bonds and classical halogen bonds have important development prospects for the activation of catalysts in gold(I) catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The event‐triggered stabilization of switching systems with persistent dwell time (PDT) by dynamic input quantization is addressed in this paper. The co‐design of the event‐triggered mechanism, zoom variable, PDT switching condition is achieved to eliminate the effect of asynchrony and quantization errors on stability. First, based on PDT properties and event‐triggered instants, the updated law of the zoom variable is designed and the corresponding parameters are obtained by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Since the PDT switching contains fast switching, which allows frequent switching within a triggered interval, detailed information on the system state is challenging to obtain. Hence, the asynchrony of system and controller modes in the stability analysis is considered. Then, the existence of a common lower bound for the triggered interval is proposed, thus eliminating the Zeno behavior. Finally, the numerical simulation verifies the validity of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The emerging S-scheme heterojunction shows a particular superiority in enhancing the efficiency of charge separation in photocatalyst. Herein, a Ni 11 (HPO 3) 8 (OH) 6 /CdS heterojunctions (NiPO/CdS) are constructed for the first time by loading open framework structure NiPO on the surface of CdS nanoparticles (CdS NPs). The built-in electric field generated at the interface promotes the directional migration of photogenerated electrons from NiPO to CdS. This S-scheme pathway achieves a strong redox capacity and efficient carrier separation. More importantly, the unique triangular and hexagonal channels of NiPO facilitate the exposure of CdS active sites for proton adsorption, H 2 production and escape. The hydrogen evolution rate of NiPO/CdS is 39 mmol g−1 h−1 under visible light irradiation, which is 6.5 times higher than that of pure CdS. The NiPO/CdS heterojunction also exhibits remarkable long-term stability. This study provides a new strategy for the ingenious design of S-scheme photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is a hybrid imaging modality that combines optical excitation and acoustic detection techniques. It obtains high‐resolution deep‐tissue images based on the deep penetration of light, the anisotropy of light absorption in objects, and the photoacoustic effect. Hence, PACT shows great potential in biomedical sample imaging. Recently, due to its advantages of high sensitivity to optical absorption and wide scalability of spatial resolution with the desired imaging depth, PACT has received increasing attention in preclinical and clinical practice. To date, there has been a proliferation of PACT systems designed for specific biomedical imaging applications, from small animals to human organs, from ex vivo to in vivo real‐time imaging, and from simple structural imaging to functional and molecular imaging with external contrast agents. Therefore, it is of great importance to summarize the previous applications of PACT systems in biomedical imaging and clinical practice. In this review, we searched for studies related to PACT imaging of biomedical tissues and samples over the past two decades; divided the studies into two categories, PACT imaging of preclinical animals and PACT imaging of human organs and body parts; and discussed the significance of the studies. Finally, we pointed out the future directions of PACT in biomedical applications. With the development of exogenous contrast agents and advances of imaging technique, in the future, PACT will enable biomedical imaging from organs to whole bodies, from superficial vasculature to internal organs, from anatomy to functions, and will play an increasingly important role in biomedical research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of harvest aids is an important prerequisite for the mechanical harvesting of cotton that can effectively reduce the impurity content and improve the picking rate and operating efficiency of machine-picked cotton. However, determining the appropriate spraying time of harvest aids to achieve the synergistic improvement of cotton boll weight and fiber quality is still unclear. In this study, the damage of harvest aids to cotton boll weight and fiber quality as well as its quantitative relationship to cotton boll age were studied through testing different harvest aid compounds and spraying times. The spraying of harvest aids significantly shortened the boll growth period of cotton by 3.60–6.45 d, and concentrated boll opening was beneficial to cotton mechanical harvesting. The boll weight of immature cotton was significantly decreased by 0.63–1.12 g; the fiber strength was significantly decreased by 2.48–2.77 cN·tex−1, and the micronaire value deteriorated. The negative effect on the boll weight and fiber quality was aggravated by the decrease in the ratio of boll age to boll period (Rd/b) during the harvest aid spraying time. When the fiber strength damage was controlled at 1%, the spraying time Rd/b of the harvest aids was 0.77–0.82, and the boll weight loss was also controlled at 5%. Therefore, it is recommended that an Rd/b of 0.77–0.82 be used to balance the contradiction between cotton yield and fiber quality under harvest aid application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the value of exome sequencing (ES) in fetuses with isolated first‐trimester increased nuchal translucency (NT) and normal chromosomes. Methods: ES was performed on 103 fetuses with isolated first trimester increased NT and normal chromosomes. The detection rate of monogenic conditions was analyzed. Results: Diagnostic variants were detected in nine cases in which phenotypes and genotypes correlated well, two positive cases were Thanatophoric dysplasia type I, and one case was Kabuki syndrome, which had been detected in previous studies. Eight of the nine cases with diagnostic variants developed additional structural malformations later in pregnancy. Among the nine positive cases, six had a NT thickness between 95th percentile (95th–3.4 mm), and three cases with an increased NT of 3.5 mm or greater. Also, there was no statistical difference in the diagnosis of diagnostic variants in cases with or without a thickened nuchal fold (NF). Conclusions: The diagnostic yield of prenatal ES is low for fetuses with an isolated increased NT. In addition to Noonan syndrome, there are additional genetic syndromes such as Kabuki syndrome and Thanatophoric dysplasia type I that are potentially associated with an increased NT. A cut‐off of greater than the 95th percentile may be useful in case selection for ES. Whether it is clinically meaningful to monitor NF values for fetuses with isolated increased NT and normal chromosomes worth considering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of iron-dependent cell death known as ferroptosis is distinct from apoptosis. The suppression of ferroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) will effectively treat ICH and improve prognosis. This paper primarily summarizes the mechanism of ferroptosis after ICH, with an emphasis on lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant system, iron metabolism, and other pathways. In addition, regulatory targets and drug molecules were described. Although there has been some progress in the field of study, there are still numerous gaps. The mechanism by which non-heme iron enters neurons through the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the mitochondrial role in ferroptosis, and the specific mechanism by which lipid peroxidation induces ferroptosis remain unclear and require further study. In addition, the inhibitory effect of many drugs on ferroptosis after ICH has only been demonstrated in basic experiments and must be translated into clinical trials. In summary, research on ferroptosis following ICH will play an important role in the treatment of ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our previous study showed that circular RNA-gamma-secretase-activating protein (circGSAP) was down-regulated in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) in response to hypoxia, and regulated the cell cycle of PMECs via miR-942-5p sponge in pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the mechanism whether circGSAP affects the dysfunction of PEMCs through other microRNAs (miRNAs) remains largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate the underlying mechanisms of circGSAP regulating PMECs dysfunction by absorbing other miRNAs to regulate target genes in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH).Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, Cell Counting Kit-8, Calcein-AM/PI staining, Transwell assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and ELISA were used to elucidate the roles of circGSAP.Results: Here we showed that plasma circGSAP levels were significantly decreased in patients with IPAH and associated with poor outcomes. In vivo, circGSAP overexpression improved survival, and alleviated pulmonary vascular remodeling of monocrotaline-induced PH (MCT-PH) rats. In vitro, circGSAP overexpression inhibited hypoxia-induced PMECs proliferation, migration and increased mortality by absorbing miR-27a-3p. BMPR2 was identified as a miR-27a-3p target gene. BMPR2 silencing ameliorated the effect of the miR-27a-3p inhibitor on PMECs proliferation,migration and mortality. The levels of BMPR2 were upregulated in circGSAP-overexpressed PMECs and lung tissues of MCT-PH rats.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that circGSAP alleviated the dysfunction of PMECs via the increase of BMPR2 by competitively binding with miR-27a-3p, and mitigated pulmonary vascular remodeling of MCT-PH rats, providing potential therapeutic strategies for IPAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semantic network is a network of concepts connected by semantic relations. It contains two forms of binary semantic network and multiplex semantic network. The associated fact prediction is a link prediction task that aims to infer the implicitly connected facts by mining the high-level representation of the network. Previous methods for associated fact prediction put much emphasis on the topological feature of network but not utilize the information of semantic expression. This paper proposes a Semantic Network Encoder (SemNE), which learns a feature mapping function from the binary semantic networks and can be applied to the multiplex semantic networks in a pre-training manner. SemNE is a two-stage framework that contains an embedding encoder and a prediction decoder. It jointly models the semantic information and network topology to enrich the network representation. A word self-organization method based on the factual boundary is proposed to unify the topological feature and the semantic feature representations. Experimental results on binary semantic networks show that SemNE achieves the state-of-the-art results in associated fact prediction and experimental results on multiplex semantic networks show that SemNE is scalable and can effectively improve the performance of existing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezoelectric ceramics have been widely used in high precision sensors such as vibration detection, but piezoelectric accelerometers in high-temperature applications are very rare. We prepared ($1- {x}$) BiFeO3- ${x}$ BaTiO3-0.0035MnO2-0.001Li2CO3(BF- ${x}$ BT) ceramics by a solid state approach, and investigated the effect of BT content(${x}$) on the phase structure, microstructure, dielectric properties, ferroelectric properties, piezoelectric properties, temperature stability, and especially the sensitivity of the piezoelectric accelerometer. The crystal structure of the sample is pure perovskite structure with the MPB (R and P phases) locating in a composition range of $0.28\le {x} \le0.32$ for BF-xBT ceramics, and the single R phase exist at $0.20\le {x} < 0.28$. When ${x} $ = 0.30, the ceramic presents both high Curie temperature and ${d}_{33}$. Notably, the sensitivity of BF-0.30BT piezoelectric accelerometer reaches the highest value of about 40 pC/g and shows an excellent stability until 400 °C, indicating that this material is a promising candidate for high-temperature piezoelectric accelerometer applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) can promote tumor metastasis contributing to the failure of radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Aberrant expression of DJ-1 has been identified in ESCC; however, the relationship between DJ-1 and RIBE in ESCC remains unknown. Methods: We detected DJ-1 in the serum and cell supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and evaluated tumor metastasis by phenotypic experiments in vivo and in vitro. RNA-seq, mass spectrometry, western blot (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results: DJ-1 was highly expressed in the serum of patients with ESCC receiving radiotherapy and was significantly overexpressed in the medium of ESCC cells receiving irradiation. DJ-1 promoted tumor metastasis via the TGF-β1 pathway. Mechanistic studies revealed that DJ-1 bound to HSC70 to promote Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear aggregation in a protein-interaction manner, which activated the transcription of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1). Subsequently, the activation of TGF-β1 by TSP1 re-promoted Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear aggregation, constituting a positive feedback loop to strengthen the metastasis of ESCC cells, which was effectively blocked by LY2109761 and LSKL. Moreover, higher levels of serum DJ-1 in patients with ESCC were related to a poorer prognosis of radiotherapy. Conclusions: Irradiation can induce ESCC cells secreting DJ-1. Secreted DJ-1 enters bystander cells to initiate activation of the TGF-β1 pathway via the DJ-1/HSC70/Smad3 signaling axis. The TSP1/TGF-β1/Smad3 positive feedback pathway constitutes the core pathway that promotes ESCC metastasis. DJ-1 is a useful biomarker for predicting the efficacy of radiotherapy and a potential therapeutic target for reversing RIBE in ESCC. Schematic diagram showing the underlying mechanism that irradiation-induced secretion of DJ-1 accelerates the metastasis of bystander ESCC cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) can promote tumor metastasis contributing to the failure of radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Aberrant expression of DJ-1 has been identified in ESCC; however, the relationship between DJ-1 and RIBE in ESCC remains unknown. Methods: We detected DJ-1 in the serum and cell supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and evaluated tumor metastasis by phenotypic experiments in vivo and in vitro. RNA-seq, mass spectrometry, western blot (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results: DJ-1 was highly expressed in the serum of patients with ESCC receiving radiotherapy and was significantly overexpressed in the medium of ESCC cells receiving irradiation. DJ-1 promoted tumor metastasis via the TGF-β1 pathway. Mechanistic studies revealed that DJ-1 bound to HSC70 to promote Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear aggregation in a protein-interaction manner, which activated the transcription of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1). Subsequently, the activation of TGF-β1 by TSP1 re-promoted Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear aggregation, constituting a positive feedback loop to strengthen the metastasis of ESCC cells, which was effectively blocked by LY2109761 and LSKL. Moreover, higher levels of serum DJ-1 in patients with ESCC were related to a poorer prognosis of radiotherapy. Conclusions: Irradiation can induce ESCC cells secreting DJ-1. Secreted DJ-1 enters bystander cells to initiate activation of the TGF-β1 pathway via the DJ-1/HSC70/Smad3 signaling axis. The TSP1/TGF-β1/Smad3 positive feedback pathway constitutes the core pathway that promotes ESCC metastasis. DJ-1 is a useful biomarker for predicting the efficacy of radiotherapy and a potential therapeutic target for reversing RIBE in ESCC. Schematic diagram showing the underlying mechanism that irradiation-induced secretion of DJ-1 accelerates the metastasis of bystander ESCC cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being an excellent structural material, α-Ti alloy is with low shear deformation resistance, resulting in susceptibility to friction damage during service, and limits its further application. A wear-resistant ZrN/Ti functionally graded coating (FGC) was prepared on TA18 alloy by double glow plasma alloying technique in this paper. The morphology, phase structure, mechanical properties and wear behavior of ZrN/Ti FGCs were studied and analyzed. The results proved that a gradient structure formed in the coating: the topmost layer was ZrN ceramic phase, in the transition layer were ZrN, TiN, and Ti 2 N phases, and in the inner layer was α-Ti phase. The coating was dense and metallurgically bonded with the substrate. It exhibited better load bearing capacity and fracture toughness. Upon conclusion of wear tests under different loads, only slight damage was observed on the coating. The main wear form of the coating was delamination wear, and the ZrN layer on the topmost surface was not worn through. More specifically, the Zr pre-diffusion treatment was used to increase the content of ZrN in the transition layer, reducing the unfavorable Ti nitride phase formed. Therefore, the stress concentration caused by the difference in elastic modulus between the different phases was relieved. Thus, ZrN/Ti FGC with continuous properties and good wear resistance was successfully synthesized. • The gradient structure and metallurgical bonding of the coating makes properties continuous. • The problem of great properties difference between ZrN coatings and Ti alloy was relieved. • The Zr pre-diffusion treatment was used to reduce unfavorable Ti nitride phase formed. • ZrN/Ti FGC obtained good wear resistance, and the wear behaviors were discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Ge has a promoted effect on the selectivity of [Ge-Rh] catalyst. • Polar N-heterocyclic ligand would benefit to the semihydrogenation. • The addition of H 2 is crucial in controlling the chemoselectivity of the reaction. Transitional metal catalyzed alkynes functionalization is a very important method to obtain the organic intermediates. In this work, the mechanism of PhC CPh hydrogenation catalyzed by [Ge-Rh] bimetallic catalyst has been studied by means of density functional theory. The whole reaction consists of two cycles, cis -semihydrogenation of alkyne to give Z -alkene and trans -isomerization to get E -alkene. The rate-determining step is the hydrogen complexation in cis -semihydrogenation. Because the isomerization from Z -alkene to E -alkene is easy, while the reverse transformation is difficult, E -alkene is main product of alkyne semihydrogenation. The semihydrogenation would be facilitated by replacing the terphenyl ligands in the [Ge-Rh] bimetallic catalyst with the polar N-heterocyclic ligands. The addition of H 2 is crucial in controlling the chemoselectivity of the reaction. The Ge acts as the Lewis acid to reduce the electron density on Rh, making Rh center becomes more electropositive than that in the monorhodium catalysts, thus increasing the selectivity of the [Ge-Rh] bimetallic catalyst. Our work elucidates the detailed mechanism of PhC CPh semihydrogenation catalyzed by the [Ge-Rh] catalyst and provides explanations for the experimental results. The mechanism of PhC CPh hydrogenation catalyzed by [Ge-Rh] bimetallic catalyst, the chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity, as well as the promoted effect of Ge in the catalytic cycle were studied by DFT calculations. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pretrained distributed sentence embeddings have been proven to be useful in various biomedical text tasks. However, the current research on biomedical text sentence embeddings is mainly based on Euclidean space. The geometric structure of sentences and the relations with the representations of sentence context contribute to more accurate representations of sentence semantics and still need further investigation. To address this issue, in this study, we propose a manifold biomedical text sentence embedding model. To learn biomedical text sentence embedding in the manifold space, we develop an efficient optimization algorithm with neighbourhood preserving embedding based on manifold optimization. We conducted experiments on two tasks of biomedical text classification and clustering, and the experimental results outperformed the state-of-the-art baseline models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of society, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) attract more and more attention and are expected to be the next generation of daily energy storage devices. Among the previously reported cathode materials for SIBs, the layered transition metal oxides are considered to be the most competitive cathode materials due to their high specific capacities, simple synthesis process, and many similar advantages to the successful Li transition metal oxides in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). This review summarizes the recent progress of layered transition metal oxide cathode materials for SIBs, which mainly include Mn‐based, Ni/Mn‐based, Ni/Co/Mn‐based, and Ni/Fe/Mn‐based layered cathode materials. The remaining challenges and future developments for the layered transition metal oxide cathode materials are also discussed. This review is expected to provide some insights into the development of layered transition metal oxide cathodes for high‐performance SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: The carbonyl–olefin ring‐closing metathesis reactions have become a powerful tool for carbon‐carbon bond formation. In this work, the halogen bond catalysis and classical Lewis acid catalysis on the carbonyl–olefin ring‐closing metathesis reaction were investigated by density function theory. For both the halogen bond catalysis and classical Lewis acid catalysis, the carbonyl–olefin ring‐closing metathesis reaction occurs by [2 + 2]‐cycloaddition process and [2 + 2]‐cycloreversion process, the reaction energy barriers are low, therefore, it can be performed easily at room temperature. The essential difference of the two kinds of catalysts is that the catalytic mechanism of halogen bond catalysis is mainly contribution of electrostatic interaction, while that of classical Lewis acid catalysis is mainly catalyzed by orbital interaction. The halogen bond donor catalysts (ICl3, IF3) are expected to be efficient catalysts for the reaction and further promote the chemical synthesis of carbonyl–olefin ring‐closing metathesis reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal (TM) single atomic catalysts (MSAC-N-C) derived from doped zeolite imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) are considered attractive oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for fuel cells and metal-air batteries due to their advantages of high specific surface area, more active catalytic sites, adjustable pore size, and coordination topology features. This review provides an updated overview of the latest advances of MSAC-N-C catalysts derived from ZIF-8 precursors in ORR electrocatalysis. Particularly, some key challenges, including coordination environments regulation of catalysis center in MSAC-N-C, the active sites loading optimization and synergistic effects between TM nanoclusters/nanoparticles and the single atoms on MSAC-N-C catalysis activity, as well as their adaptability in various devices, are summarized for improving future development and application of MSAC-N-C catalysts. In addition, this review puts forward future research directions, making it play a better role in ORR catalysis for fuel cells and metal air batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electronic medical records (EMR) contain detailed information about patient health. Developing an effective representation model is of great significance for the downstream applications of EMR. However, processing data directly is difficult because EMR data has such characteristics as incompleteness, unstructure and redundancy. Therefore, preprocess of the original data is the key step of EMR data mining. The classic distributed word representations ignore the geometric feature of the word vectors for the representation of EMR data, which often underestimate the similarities between similar words and overestimate the similarities between distant words. This results in word similarity obtained from embedding models being inconsistent with human judgment and much valuable medical information being lost. Results: In this study, we propose a biomedical word embedding framework based on manifold subspace. Our proposed model first obtains the word vector representations of the EMR data, and then re-embeds the word vector in the manifold subspace. We develop an efficient optimization algorithm with neighborhood preserving embedding based on manifold optimization. To verify the algorithm presented in this study, we perform experiments on intrinsic evaluation and external classification tasks, and the experimental results demonstrate its advantages over other baseline methods. Conclusions: Manifold learning subspace embedding can enhance the representation of distributed word representations in electronic medical record texts. Reduce the difficulty for researchers to process unstructured electronic medical record text data, which has certain biomedical research value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The evidence of the relationship between dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is limited. Thus, we conducted a cohort‐based case‐control study to examine whether adherence to the DASH diet was associated with lower NAFLD risk in China. Methods: We included 11 888 participants (2529 incident NAFLD and 9359 non‐NAFLD) from the Kailuan cohort with no history of hepatitis B/C infection and alcohol drinking. DASH score was calculated based on the energy‐adjusted consumption of vegetables, fruits, dairy, beans, grains, meats, fat, sodium and beverage, collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire. We used Logistic regression analysis to determine the NAFLD's risk according to the DASH score. Results: Higher DASH score was associated with lower risk of NAFLD. Compared with the lowest quintile of DASH score, the highest DASH quintile had a lower risk of occurring NAFLD, with odds ratio (OR) of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70‐0.96) in the multivariate model. Stratified analysis showed that the inverse association was only observed in women (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48‐0.94), and participants with overweight/obesity (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66‐0.94), fasting blood glucose <6.1 mmol/L (OR = 0.80, 95%: 0.67‐0.96), low density lipoprotein ≥3.4 mmol/L (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53‐0.96), high density lipoprotein ≥1.0 mmol/L (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69‐0.96), ALT < 40 U/L (OR = 0.79, 95% CI:0.67‐0.93) and C‐reactive protein ≥2.0 mg/L (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.40‐0.78). Conclusions: Adherence to the DASH diet was inversely associated with a lower risk of NAFLD in the Chinese population. DASH diet should be highly recommended, especially for women and people with overweight/obesity and a high CRP level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the effects of phosphorus on the magnetism of WS 2 , the magnetic properties of phosphatized WS 2 (P-WS 2) nanosheets with varying phosphorus concentrations are studied by experimental research and first-principle calculations. Our experimental findings demonstrate that all P-WS 2 samples exhibit distinct ordered-magnetic signatures (ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic), and the saturation magnetization varies with the phosphorus concentration. First-principle calculations reveal that phosphorus atoms preferentially occupy sulfur vacancies, inducing magnetic moments in WS 2 nanosheets. Phosphorus atoms occupying sulfur vacancies in the same sulfur atom layer exhibit ferromagnetic coupling, while those in two sulfur atom layers of a monolayer exhibit antiferromagnetic coupling. The magnetic properties of P-WS 2 can be tuned by controlling the position and concentration of phosphorus atoms. Increasing the concentration of phosphorus atoms occupying sulfur vacancies in the same sulfur atom layer is a viable approach to enhance the magnetism of P-WS 2. This study clarifies the effects of phosphorus on the magnetism of WS 2 nanosheets and will promote its application in spintronics. • The effects of phosphorus on the magnetic properties of WS 2 was clarified. • P-WS 2 exhibits ordered magnetic signatures, and its saturation magnetization varies with the concentration of phosphorus. • P in S vacancies induce magnetic moments in WS 2 , and the magnetic coupling effects can be tuned by controlling P position. • Increasing the concentration of P in S vacancies of the same S atom layer would effectively enhance the magnetism of WS 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The framework combines a cloud-edge-end structure to break the information barriers of multi-source measured data. • The method executes different strategies according to voltage levels based on interaction of edge computing is proposed. • Harmonic source identification and evaluation are achieved through the multi-level interaction of edge computing. • TVE, CMHSE and HHSE method for cloud-edge-end collaborative computing strategy are developed into the system. With the increase of power electronic devices such as distributed renewable energies, energy storage, and flexible loads, the disturbance sources are rapidly raised and distributed in multiple voltage levels in the distributed network. The harmonics they produce are random and uncertain, and the massive amounts of data propose high demands on server computing capability, which restrict harmonic sources evaluation and significantly influence the judgments of the power quality in the distribution network. In order to improve the power quality and the harmonic source evaluation function of the distribution network, in this paper, a framework for multi-harmonic source identification and evaluation based on cloud-edge-end collaboration is proposed. Firstly, based on the analysis of the functional requirements harmonic sources evaluation in multiple voltage levels, a novel framework of cloud-edge-end collaboration is proposed. Secondly, the cloud-edge-end collaborative harmonic sources evaluation method which executes different service strategies according to voltage levels and grid operation based on the multi-level interaction of edge computing is proposed. Further, the working principle of the proposed novel framework with multiple evaluation methods including the dominant harmonic source identification, concentrated multiple harmonic sources evaluation (CMHSE) and hierarchical harmonic sources evaluation (HHSE) is described in detail in order to show the completed work processes of the proposed framework. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is verified based on the real data measured from different realistic urban power grids in China. The proposed method can effectively evaluate harmonic contributions in distribution systems and in turn provide a basis for harmonic mitigation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. To provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of acalculous biliary pancreatitis, this study investigated the impact of serum metabolites on the pancreatic transcriptome in acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC). Methods. Fourteen rabbits were randomly divided into two groups (a normal control group of 7 rabbits and an AAC group of 7 rabbits), blood was collected from the 14 rabbits, and metabolomic analysis was performed through 1H NMR. Two pancreatic tissue chips of the AAC group and the normal control group were prepared and sequenced. We utilized the limma package of R software, the DAVID database, the STRING database, Cytoscape software, and the CFinder analysis tool to perform differential expression gene analysis, gene function enrichment analysis, protein interaction network (PPI) construction, and network module mining, and we performed gene enrichment analysis in each module. Results. Serum metabolism analysis showed that in AAC, the metabolism of sugar, lipids, and protein, that is, the three major nutrients, was affected to varying degrees, and levels of serum trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) increased. Bioinformatic methods were utilized to identify a total of 183 differentially expressed genes and 3 key genes. Enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in cation transport, the inflammatory response, the NF-κB pathway, and the cancer signaling pathway. Conclusion. Metabolomic analysis and functional analysis of 3 key genes demonstrated that abnormal serum metabolites affected the pancreatic transcriptome and induced a sensitive state of inflammation in the pancreas. These metabolites may represent important targets for future research on the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of noncalculous biliary pancreatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Ephrin B1 (EFNB1), the Eph-associated receptor tyrosine kinase ligand, is suggested to have an important function in neurodevelopment. However, its contribution to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine the prognostic power and immune implication of EFNB1 in GBM. Methods. We first identified differentially coexpressed genes within GBM relative to noncarcinoma samples from GEO and TCGA databases by WGCNA. The STRING online database and the maximum cluster centrality (MCC) algorithm in Cytoscape software were used to design for predicting protein-protein interactions (PPI) and calculating pivot nodes, respectively. The expression of hub genes in cancer and noncancer tissues was verified by an online tool gene expression profile interactive analysis (GEPIA). Thereafter, the TISIDB online tool with Cox correlation regression method was employed to screen for immunomodulators associated with EFNB1 and to model the risk associated with immunomodulators. Results. Altogether 201 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered. After that, 10 hub genes (CALB2, EFNB1, ENO2, EPHB4, NES, OBSCN, RAB9B, RPL23A, STMN2, and THY1) were incorporated to construct the PPI network. As revealed by survival analysis, EFNB1 upregulation predicted poor overall survival (OS) for GBM cases. Furthermore, we developed a prognostic risk signature according to the EFNB1-associated immunomodulators. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic method were adopted for analysis, which revealed that our signature showed favorable accuracy of prognosis prediction. Finally, EFNB1 inhibition was found to block cell proliferation and migration in GBM cells. Conclusion. The above results indicate that EFNB1 participates in cancer immunity and progression, which is the candidate biomarker for GBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FeMn alloy is a promising biodegradable metal because of its comparable mechanical properties and biodegradability, but the inadequate degradation and poor surface performance are still an important limitation of its development. In this work, laser surface modification was used to tailor the surface properties of Fe–30Mn alloy. After irradiation using continuous, nanosecond and femtosecond lasers, the Fe–30Mn surface characteristics were investigated, and the effect of surface structure on the corrosion behavior and antimicrobial activity was discussed. A micro-pattern of laser surface melting was obtained on Fe–30Mn by continuous laser and nanosecond laser irradiation, resulting in high roughness values as well as forming oxides on the surface. In contrast, a periodic nanostructure was generated on surface by femtosecond lasers, leading to a great increase in specific surface area. Compared with the others, the femtosecond laser-induced periodic nanostructure surface exhibits a significant improvement of the actual biodegradation rate after 30-day immersion. The antibacterial experimental results demonstrate that bacteria proliferation is not only affected by surface roughness, but also by surface flatness and surface structures. The results imply a great potential in local or complete surface characteristic of medical implants for functionalization by the flexible positioning of the laser beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In consideration of comparable ionic radius between indium ions and tin ions, indium-doped SnS2 (In/SnS2) sample was designed and synthesized by one-pot solvothermal method. Its multi-level structure composed of 10-nm-thick ultrathin sheets can enhance utilization efficiency of solar light. The substitution of trivalent indium ions for tetravalent tin ions causes indium to form a negative charge center and simultaneously produces sulfur vacancies positively charged. As expected, the production of hydrogen on doped sample is up to 470 µmol g−1, which is about twice as high as that on SnS2. This is attributed to hierarchical structure composed of ultrathin sheets and effective attraction of hydrogen ions by negative charge on trivalent indium ions. The results suggest that doping the ions whose ionic radius is close to the radius of the anions or cations in the material into the lattice sites may provide a new tactic for the design of semiconductor photocatalytic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the cerebrovascular disease with the highest disability and mortality rates, causing severe damage to the health of patients and imposing a significant socioeconomic burden. Aging stands as a foremost risk factor for ICH, with a significant escalation in ICH incidence within the elderly demographic, highlighting a close association between ICH and aging. In recent years, with the acceleration of the "aging society" trend, exploring the intricate relationship between aging and ICH has become increasingly urgent and worthy of in-depth attention. We have summarized the characteristics of ICH in the elderly, reviewing how aging influences the onset and development of ICH by examining its etiology and the mechanisms of damage via ICH. Additionally, we explored the potential impacts of ICH on accelerated aging, including its effects on cognitive abilities, quality of life, and lifespan. This review aims to reveal the connection between aging and ICH, providing new ideas and insights for future ICH research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of renewable energy resources, harmonics in modern distribution systems have become more serious owing to the wide adoption of power electronic devices. Today, distribution-level phasor measurement units (D-PMUs), which can provide synchronized harmonic data with high-time resolution, are being rapidly developed. To utilize the D-PMUs, a hierarchical harmonic contribution (HC) determination method is proposed in this paper for systems with multiple harmonic sources. The HCs were determined using a widely linear complex partial least squares (WL-CPLS) method, which is both accurate and efficient. In an actual power system, the D-PMUs are not fully installed at all buses and the harmonics monitored by each D-PMU are actually the aggregate effects of multiple harmonic sources in the subarea. Based on the above consideration, a hierarchical HC strategy is proposed to locate the main harmonic contributors, layer by layer. The proposed method can be applied to a radial distribution system with any number of D-PMU placements. The methodologies are explained and verified using the IEEE 37-bus system. The real case study results based on the demonstration project are also analyzed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harmonics produced by residential loads have become an increasing concern in recent years due to the extensive adoption of power-electronic-based home appliances. Harmonic modeling of aggregate residential loads (ARLs) is of great significance since it is the prerequisite for harmonic evaluation and necessary mitigation measures in the residential areas. In this paper, a piecewise probabilistic harmonic model is proposed to analyze the aggregate harmonics of residential loads. Based on the field measurement data, a unified dominant harmonic coupled matrix model (UD-HCMM) is established. This model directly exhibits the coupled relationship between the harmonic voltages and currents of residential loads. In view of the random and fluctuating harmonic characteristics of home appliances, the multi-Gaussian curve fitting method is used to fit the UD-HCMM parameters. Thereafter, the probabilistic UD-HCMMs are reconstructed using the Newton-Raphson method. Finally, a piecewise UD-HCMM is derived to characterize the time-varying harmonics of ARLs. The accuracy and validity of the proposed method are verified through simulations and field measurements. In addition, the proposed method is applied to evaluate the harmonics of a medium voltage distribution system with massive residential loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The performance of N, (P)O-bidentate ligand is better than N, O-bidentate ligand. • Coordination modes of ligands to Cu center influence the reaction reactivity. • [Pd] catalyst changes reaction center of the rate-determining step, lowers the energy barrier. Transition metal-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) reaction is an important method to constructe the C-C bond. In this work, the mechanisms of SMC between ArI and ArB(OH) 2 (Ar=C 6 H 4 (OCH 3)) catalyzed by single [Cu] catalyst and bimetallic [Cu]/[Pd] catalysts have been studied by DFT calculations. Comparing to the N, O-bidentate ligand, the N, P-bidentate ligand coordinated [L12-Cu] catalyst is not efficient for the above reaction, due to the high energy barrier of the C-C coupling procedure. The different coordination mode of the N, O-bidentate ligand increases the positive charge of coupling C atom, lowering the energy barrier when catalyzed by [L13-Cu]. The [Cu]/[Pd] catalyzed process involves two cycles: LCuAr is obtained from the [Cu] catalyzed cycle by the reaction between ArB(OH) 2 and [L12Cu]. The [Pd] catalyzed cycle consists of four steps: L12Pd(0) insertion into C-I bond by oxidation addition, coordination transformation, transmetallation between LCuAr and ArPdI, and C-C coupling by reductive elimination. In these two cycles, the coordination transformation of the Pd is the rate-determining step. The participation of [Pd] catalyst changes the C-C coupling process from the Cu center to the Pd center, which lowers the energy barrier and makes the reaction become easier. The mechanisms of Suzuki-Miyaura couplings catalyzed by Cu-Pd bimetallic catalyst, the influences of ligand on the mechanism, and the roles of ppm level [Pd] catalyst in the catalytic cycle were investigated by DFT calculations. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel generalized admittance criterion is proposed, significantly reducing the requirement for synchronous phasor measurements. • Harmonic contribution evaluation is simplified based on the proposed generalized admittance criterion. • The fluctuation characteristic of harmonics is considered for the harmonic admittance estimation. • The proposed method has comprehensive applicability and high harmonic source location accuracy. The widespread integration of various nonlinear power electronic devices in modern power systems has made harmonic distortion more serious than ever before. Given the urgent need to improve power quality, the harmonic contribution evaluation (HCE) is of great importance since it can provide a strong basis for harmonic mitigation measures. However, the conventional HCE methods are not effective due to the lack of synchronous voltage and current phasor information in real-field practice. To overcome the phasor limitation, an HCE method based on a generalized admittance criterion (GAC) is proposed in this paper. The proposed GAC aims to determine the dominant harmonic source at the point of common coupling (PCC) from the utility side and customer side. Compared to the conventional method, the developed method only needs the RMS values of the PCC voltage, current, and phase angle difference. Therefore, the synchronous phasor information of voltage and current is no longer required. Meanwhile, a threshold to determine the dominant harmonic source is established by using the equivalent admittance ratio on both sides of PCC. The evaluation process of the proposed method is significantly simplified by comparing the generalized admittance limit with the proposed threshold, which also greatly improves the method evaluation accuracy. Moreover, the interference of background harmonic fluctuation is excluded by using the linear calibration-based harmonic admittance estimation method. Finally, multiple scenarios with various admittance characteristics were simulated to verify the performance of the proposed criterion, and the real-field measurement is also used to demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore impact of Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase on immunoreactions in lymphocyte-predominant breast cancer (LPBC), particularly its role in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), 194 cases of LPBC were identified with pertinent clinical information retrieved. The expressions of ATM, activated ATM (P-ATM), Fas ligand (FASL), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL), major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A (MICA), CD8, and Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) were assessed by immunohistochemically. We found that ATM expressed on tumor cells was correlated with upregulated expression of P-ATM and MICA (P < 0.05), down-regulated expression of FASL and TRAIL (P < 0.01), and decreased Ki-67 tumor labeling (P < 0.05). However, within the TNBC group, only a negative correlation with FASL expression was found (P = 0.001). ATM and MICA expressions were significantly down -regulated in TNBC (P < 0.01) compared to non-TNBC, while TRAIL was significantly upregulated (P < 0.01). Tregs were increased in TNBC (P < 0.05), with CD8 + TILs decreased (P < 0.01). Ki-67 index was higher in TNBC than in non-TNBC (P < 0.01). ATM may play an important role in immunoreaction of LPBC, probably through upregulation of MICA and down-regulation of FASL and TRAIL. The down-regulated ATM expression in TNBC might be responsible for impaired tumor immunoactivity, rapid tumor growth, and aggressive clinical course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The noncovalent interactions between the σ-hole region outside the halogen atom and the nitrogen atom of pyridine and its para-substituted derivatives are the focus of this work. Based on the analyses of the electrostatic potentials, YCF3 (Y = Cl, Br, I) act as halogen bond donors, XC5H4N (X = CH3, H, Cl, CN, NO2) act as halogen bond acceptors, and the binary halogen-bonded complexes XC5H4N···YCF3 have been designed and investigated by B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVDZ calculations together with the aug-cc-pVDZ-PP basis set for iodine. When the halogen bond acceptor remains unchanged, the interactions between C5H5N and YCF3 (Y = Cl, Br, I) increase with the order of Y = Cl, Br, and I. When the halogen donor ICF3 is fixed, the halogen bonding interactions decrease along the sequence of X = CH3, H, Cl, CN, NO2. Therefore, the halogen bond of the CH3C5H4N···ICF3 complex is the strongest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is a carcinogen that causes a huge burden of gastric cancer in China. We aimed to evaluate the temporal trends and other sources of variation of H pylori infection in adults from mainland China. Materials and methods: For this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases for articles published from January 1983 to June 2020. We included studies reporting H pylori prevalence in adults and then applied random effect meta‐analyses to obtain pooled prevalence estimates for all studies and subgroups. Sources of heterogeneity were investigated by moderator analysis, and time trends were assessed through random effect meta‐regression. Results: Of the 2121 studies identified, 98 were eligible for inclusion. The pooled estimate of 670 572 participants from 26 provinces during 1983‐2018 was 49.6% (95% CI: 46.9%, 52.4%). H pylori prevalence varied considerably, ranging from 20.6% to 81.8%. Periods, urban/rural status, detection method, and study design explained 18.8%, 24.0%, 17.8%, and 30.4% of the heterogeneity, respectively. Overall, H pylori prevalence declined by −0.9% (95% CI: −1.1%, −0.6%) annually. Consistent declines in prevalence were observed by sex, age, and study characteristics. Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori prevalence is slowly decreasing over time in mainland China, but the low declining speed is not enough to have a major impact on gastric cancer incidence for many years. The time trends and the large heterogeneity should be taken into account when conducting regional comparisons, disease burden estimations, and customized strategy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation on swallowing disorders. Design: MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of science, and PEDro were searched from their earliest record to August 1, 2019. All randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trial were identified, which compared the efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation plus traditional therapy with traditional therapy in swallowing function. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was applied to evaluate the quality of evidence. Results: Eight randomized controlled trials and three quasi-randomized controlled trials were included. These studies demonstrated a significant, moderate pooled effect size (standard mean difference = 0.62; 95% confidence interval = 0.06 to 1.17). Studies stimulating suprahyoid muscle groups revealed a negative standard mean difference of 0.17 (95% confidence interval = −0.42, 0.08), whereas large effect size was observed in studies stimulating the infrahyoid muscle groups (standard mean difference = 0.89; 95% confidence interval = 0.47 to 1.30) and stimulating the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups (standard mean difference = 1.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.07 to 1.74). Stimulation lasting 45 mins or less showed a large, significant pooled effect size (standard mean difference = 0.89; 95% confidence interval = 0.58 to 1.20). The quality of evidences was rated as low to very low. Conclusions: There is no firm evidence to conclude on the efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on swallowing disorders. Larger-scale and well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to reach robust conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• SnS 2 with different morphology are synthesized by adjusting additives. • Photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to CH 4 using SnS 2 is first reported. • Flower-like morphology benefits rapid transfer and aggregation of electrons. • Flower-like morphology favors the process of photocatalytic reduction of CO 2. • The CH 4 yield of flower-like SnS 2 is 5.7 times higher than that of tablet-like SnS 2. Artificial photosynthesis has attracted a lot of attention because it can tackle both global environmental problems and energy crisis. In this paper, SnS 2 with different morphologies were synthesized to study their activity and selectivity of photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2). The size of tablet-like SnS 2 is around 80–120 nm while the flower-like SnS 2 is composed of nanosheets with a thickness of 10 nm. The reduction products of the as-obtained samples are both CO and CH 4. The flower-like SnS 2 sample processes more efficacious separation of photogenerated carriers compared to tablet-like SnS 2 and shows higher photocatalytic reduction efficiency with CH 4 yield of 97.5 μmol g−1, which is approximately 5.7 times higher than that of tablet-like SnS 2 , while the tablet-like SnS 2 shows high selectivity (79%) for CO production. The results reveal that the morphology plays an important role in the activity and selectivity of photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 over SnS 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to verify the escape‐from‐enemy hypothesis from the changes of nutrient substance and fitness of natural enemies on alien plants, contents of free amino acids in native and invasive plant populations of Ageratina adenophora and life history parameters of specialist herbivore Procecidochares utilis reared on these plants were investigated. Our results showed that the contents of glycine, valine, γ‐aminobutyric acid, proline, serine, alanine, and arginine in the invasive plants were higher than those in the native plants of A. adenophora. There was a shorter developmental duration and higher fecundity of P. utilis when fed on the invasive plants. The results indicated a possible fitness tradeoff of natural enemies between invasive and native plants arose from nutrient substance changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]