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The critical minerals industries in Indonesia may pose possible environmental and human health risks due to the release of pollutants into soil, water, and air, as well as the use of materials and energy. This study investigates the possible environmental and human health impacts of Indonesia's nickel, gold, copper, tin, and bauxite mining and processing industries. This study utilizes the latest version of the OpenLCA software, version 2.0, in combination with the Ecoinvent 3.8 database. To evaluate potential environmental consequences and health effects on humans, CML-IA Baseline and Environmental Priority Strategies (EPS) are employed in product development. The EPS system was developed utilizing a hierarchical methodology with the objective of furnishing the product developer with data regarding the financial impact of human health impairment resulting from a particular product development. The production of one tonne of gold, nickel, bauxite, tin, and copper results in the emission of 7.34.E+07, 4.61.E+04, 3.10.E+04, 1.02.E+04, 8.01.E+03 kg CO2 eq/t, respectively, contributing to global warming. This production is associated with asthma cases of 7.79.E+01 (gold industry), 2.21.E−03 (copper industry), 1.81.E−03 (tin industry), 9.21.E−04 (nickel industry), and 4.71.E−06 (bauxite industry) Personyears/t. Electricity consumption and the release of carbon dioxide are the main factors contributing to global warming. The primary cause of asthma cases is the utilization of fuel oil and electricity. Power plant chimneys can employ various technologies, such as cyclones, bag filters, and scrubbers, to mitigate the release of polluting gas emissions. The critical mineral industry must prioritize handling and governing of steam power facilities to minimize their negative effects on the environment and human health.

Background:Anemia is a prevalent hematological complication among individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), contributing significantly to increased morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the intricate relationships between antiretroviral therapy (ART), opportunistic infections (OIs), iron metabolism, and anemia in HIV-positive patients in Indonesia. Objective:To elucidate the multifactorial associations among ART regimens, opportunistic infections, iron biochemical parameters, and anemia development in individuals living with HIV. Method:A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted at Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital, Indonesia, from July to November 2023. The study involved 300 adult HIV-positive patients undergoing ART, with exclusion criteria encompassing pregnant or postpartum individuals, those with recent blood transfusions, and patients with chronic kidney diseases. Data collection included anemia status, ART regimen details, history of opportunistic infections, and iron metabolic profiles (serum iron, total iron-binding capacity [TIBC], and ferritin levels). These were obtained through systematic medical record reviews and laboratory diagnostics. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were employed to explore predictive factors for anemia. Results:The study identified an anemia prevalence of 24.3%, with significantly higher rates among female patients (p = 0.004) and older age groups (p = 0.031). Multivariate regression analysis highlighted critical predictors of anemia: second-line ART (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.536, p = 0.028), serum iron concentrations (AOR: 0.984, p < 0.001), ferritin levels (AOR: 1.002, p = 0.023), and absolute lymphocyte count (AOR: 0.516, p = 0.003). Conclusion:The findings emphasize the necessity of longitudinal monitoring of hematologic and biochemical parameters to enhance anemia management in HIV-infected populations. The complex interplay between ART regimens, immune status, and iron metabolism underscores the importance of tailored, patient-centered clinical interventions. Keywords:anemia; HIV; antiretroviral therapy; opportunistic infections; iron metabolism

Metabolic disease is an epidemic phenomenon that affects both men and women from various ages, ethnic, and socio-economic groups. The term metabolic disease itself is an umbrella term that includes, among others: hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lifestyles such as poor nutrition, physical activity, and habits are risk factors that can increase the incidence of metabolic disease. Therefore, prevention of metabolic diseases is necessary, including for ordinary people. Metabolic disease, namely hypertension, is in 3rd place and diabetes is in 10th place, the most common disease suffered by residents of Singotrunan Village, Banyuwangi. In this regard, it is important to make efforts to prevent metabolic disease and even death due to complications from metabolic disease. This community service program is designed to create a fit village as a sustainable healthy lifestyle, initiated through health checks for screening, exercise training, education and discussions as encouragement to do regular exercise. The participants' pre-test and post-test results showed a significant increase in their level of knowledge (p=0.01). The results of the participant satisfaction test showed that 80.9% of participants said they were very satisfied and the rest (19.1%) said they were satisfied. It is hoped that the PKM activity to initiate a fit village in Singotrunan Village, Banyuwangi will provide motivation for residents to exercise regularly and can become a model village for residents of other areas.

The lack of knowledge of farmers about efforts to manage coffee plantations with environmental and conservation views is believed to have the effects of microclimate change which are likely to impact coffee farmers in the future. The purpose of the research is to (1) identify ecological aspects on the sustainability of coffee cultivation patterns in the Magetan region, (2) find ecological factors on coffee production, and (3) describe the lives of coffee farmers related to ecological aspects. The research method was carried out by a multistage sampling method starting from the determination of subdistricts, villages, farmer groups, farmer group members, and coffee farmer samples. The data used are primary data, with a method of collecting direct survey data on 80 coffee farmers randomly in two districts of Panekan and Poncol. An analysis method to see the relationship of environmental variables to coffee production with multiple linear regression analysis and descriptive analysis for ecological aspects. he results showed that the ecological factors significantly affecting coffee production included the number of protective trees, the application of manure, and farmers' knowledge of conservation practices. Conversely, pruning and the eradication of coffee borer pests were found to have an insignificant impact. The study concludes that while efforts toward coffee sustainability have been initiated by farmers, they have not yet achieved full success. Sustainability efforts include protecting the environment through the use of manure, planting shade trees, and adopting conservation-oriented coffee cultivation practices.

The integrated farming system plays an important role in supporting zero-waste agriculture. This study aims to describe the implementation of the integrated farming system of arrowroot and livestock adopted by arrowroot farmers, analyze the farmers’ perception of this integrated farming system, and analyze the relationship between farmers’ perception and their socio-economic conditions. The research was conducted on 91 members of women’s farming groups in Pengasih District, Kulonprogo Regency, and in Prambanan District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region Province. These groups practice an integrated farming system combining arrowroot cultivation and livestock. The results show that the integrated farming system of arrowroot and livestock supports sustainable agriculture, particularly zero-waste, by reducing agricultural and livestock waste. Farmers have a positive perception of the integrated system, especially regarding production efficiency and environmental benefits. Farmers’ perceptions are positively correlated with household involvement in farming, educational level, and active participation in farmer groups, and negatively correlated with farmers’ risk levels.

Introduction: According to Pekanbaru City Health Department in 2019, there were 17.,67% of toddlers in Pekanbaru with poor nutritional status. Poor sanitation can trigger the emergence of infectious diseases that can reduce nutritional absorption in toddlers throughout the digestive process, resulting in stunting. The aim of this study was to analyze environmental sanitation influences on stunting. Methods: This research used case control study design. The case and control groups each received 30 samples. Independent variables include water source for sanitation, condition of latrines, condition of hand washing facilities with soap, condition of waste water drainage channels, management of household waste, type and condition of floors, presence of vectors and disease carrier animals, drinking water quality from biological conditions. The dependent variable was stunting. All data were collected using questionnaires that were asked directly to participants. Data analysis was performed by using the chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests. Results and Discussion: Water sources for sanitation, availability and condition of latrines, drinking water quality from biological terms influences on stunting (p-value

Introduction Approximately half of all stroke survivors have persistent upper extremity functional impairment, leading to reduced self-care, independence and quality of life. High-intensity, task-oriented virtual reality rehabilitation improves motor recovery. However, its clinical efficacy over standard rehabilitation remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a virtual reality-based comprehensive rehabilitation gaming system (VR-cRGS) in stroke survivors with upper extremity impairment and to characterise the structural and functional plasticity of the affected regions in the brain due to the proposed rehabilitation.Methods and analysis This study is a multicentric, open-label, randomised controlled trial with an intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 162 patients will be enrolled in two academic institutes in India that specialise in stroke care. Patients with a first-ever ischaemic stroke (18–70 years and 1–6 months of stroke onset) with upper extremity impairment with 1 and 1+ grades of spasticity as per the modified Ashworth Scale and 3, 4 or 5 stages on Brunnstrom recovery staging will be enrolled. They will be randomised (1:1) into two treatment groups to receive 12 weeks of training either on VR-cRGS or on conventional physiotherapy. The primary feasibility outcome is compliance with the treatment. The primary efficacy outcome is the functional recovery of the upper extremity assessed by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity and Wolf Motor Function Test. The secondary outcomes are the Barthel Index and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. Multimodal brain imaging will be done in all enrolled patients at baseline and post-treatment to evaluate the structural and functional connectivity changes. The outcome measures will be analysed using paired t-tests or non-parametric tests.Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Board of the Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India (SCT/IEC/1415/AUGUST-2019) and the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India (NIMHANS/IEC (BS and NS DIV.)/32nd Meeting/21). All participants will sign an informed consent form prior to participation. The study results will be disseminated through scholarly publication.Trial registration number CTRI/2021/11/038339.

The potential availability of raw materials and downstream development strategies for processed palm oil products are important to study, therefore this study aims to find the potential of raw material commodities and analyze the downstream development strategy of processed palm oil products in Kembang Janggut District. The research study was analyzed descriptively. Data collection techniques were carried out using group discussion methods, questionnaires, and interviews. The data obtained were analyzed quantitatively to determine the potential availability of raw materials, then swot analysis to determine alternative strategies to be used for the development of downstream processed palm products. The results showed that of the 20 sub-districts in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, Kembang Janggut sub-district has the highest potential for oil palm production reaching 83.644 tons with the number of planters 2.052 households and an area of 7.138 ha with productivity reaching 13.370 kg/ha. The strategy for the development of processed palm oil from the SWOT analysis is in cell 1 positioning with aggressive strategy recommendations. This positioning shows that the downstream palm oil strategy policy is in a condition of having enormous strengths and opportunities. There are 5 (five) issues of palm processed development strategies, which are the priority scale of development, namely 1) utilization of institutions for continuity of production that can absorb labor; 2) optimizing labor absorption through increased use of raw materials; 3) optimizing the use of raw materials to increase production through partnerships; 4) optimizing the use of raw materials in order to increase added value; and 5) increasing the use of raw materials to take advantage of market availability.

Aquaculture is the practice of reproducing, increasing and yielding aquatic organisms, such as aquatic animals and aquatic plants, in confined water bodies, like ponds, lakes, rivers, oceans, etc. Fishery represents one of the activities of aquaculture. The key function affecting fisheries management is the fishing activity. Operations like locating and counting fish are used to enhance this practice. There is a strong demand for underwater fish identification for multiple uses in sustainable fisheries. Real time monitoring helps to improve fishing activities. Deep Learning Techniques are used to train the computer with the available existing image data, faster GPUs, and algorithms employed to detect, locate and classify various objects within an underwater image or video with high accuracy. A well-liked object detection model, namely YOLO (You Only Look Once), is renowned for its quickness and precision. This paper presents a state-of-the-art version of the YOLO model for detecting and counting fish from underwater images or videos. The primary objective is to develop a system for automatic fish detection using an advanced convolutional neural network YOLOv8 and compare the results with the ones of the YOLOv7 model. It is proved that YOLOv8s performs better than YOLOv7, as YOLOv8s achieves a mAP@0.5 of 0.964, a precision of 0.929 and an IoU of 0.7.

Background: The toddler period is a golden age for the formation and development of children starting from the basic sensory abilities, thinking, speaking, and intensive intellectual mental growth and early moral growth. So that the nutritional status of children under five is very, very important to study because it is related to the current increasing stunting status. Cases of stunting under five currently have the highest number when compared to other forms of malnutrition. The prevalence of stunting in DIY in 2018 was 12.37% and this figure fell to 10.69% in 2019 but in 2020 it rose to 11.08%. The highest prevalence of stunting is Gunung Kidul Regency (17.43) and the lowest is Sleman Regency (7.24). From this figure, it can be seen that the prevalence of very short toddlers in DIY is lower when compared to Riskesdas in 2018 (21.4%) (1). Objectives: To determine the relationship between the characteristics (education, occupation) of the mother, provision time of weaning food, exclusive breastfeeding, and the provision of deworming drugs with nutritional status in toddlers aged 6-60 months in 2 areas, namely in the work area of the Pajangan Health Center and the Work Area of the Public Health Center, Sedayu. Methods: Analytic survey with cross-sectional design. Analysis of the data using the chi-square test with a sample of 35 mothers who have children under five. Results: The results showed that there was a correlation between the time of weaning food (p = 0.0001), history of exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.0001), and the nutritional status of children under five. However, there was no correlation between education (p = 0.657), occupation (p = 0.579), deworming (p = 0.410). Conclusions: There is a correlation between the time of weaning food, history of exclusive breastfeeding nutritional status in toddlers

Abstract Background Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) commonly coexist as global problems that affect the quality of life of millions of women. The study aimed to identify the risk factors of stress urinary incontinence in pelvic organ prolapse patients. Main body A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus based on the PRISMA flowchart. The quality of the study was assessed using Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and data were collected on a modified table from The Cochrane Library. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4. Seven hundred forty studies were found that matched the keywords. After the screening, 16 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria with a total of 47.615 participants with pelvic organ prolapse. A total of 27 risk factors were found in this review. History of hysterectomy (OR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.22–3.33; p = 0.007), obesity (OR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.02–1.29; p = 0.02), and diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.85; 95% CI 1.06–3.23; p = 0.03) were shown to be risk factor of stress urinary incontinence in pelvic organ prolapse patients. Conclusions History of hysterectomy, obesity, and diabetes mellitus were found to be the risk factors of stress urinary incontinence in pelvic organ prolapse patients.

Sebagai badan libang nasional yang diamanatkan dalam Undang- Undang No. 11 Tahun 2019 dan Peraturan Presiden No.78 Tahun 2021, BRIN berperan dalam menghasilkan invensi dan inovasi yang nantinya diharapkan dapat dikomersialisasikan industri. Dalam menjalankan perannya tersebut, BRIN menerapkan strategi tatakelola open platform yang membuka peluang kerjasama luas bagi mitra industri dari berbagai pintu (multiple gate). Penerapan skema baru tersebut belum didukung penatakelolaan yang optimal sehingga menimbulkan sejumlah kebingungan bagi mitra industri dan berdampak pada potensi penurunan kerjasama riset dan inovasi dengan industri. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk merumuskan strategi perkuatan tata kelola kerjasama riset dan inovasi di lingkungan BRIN, sehingga terciptanya ekosistem riset dan inovasi yang kondusif. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan eksploratif. Teknik analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitan ini dilakukan melalui survai dan FGD. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada 2 (dua) strategi yang perlu dilakukan yaitu strategi umum dan strategi khusus. Strategi umum diarahkan pada penataulangan tupoksi di internal BRIN, penyelesaian Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) dan proses bisnis, dan penyiapan sumberdaya. Sedangkan strategi khusus lebih difokuskan pada perbaikan skema aksesibilitas layanan meliputi skema multiple gate dengan perbaikan dan mulitiple layanan dalam satu atap.

Background: Based on Regulation Indonesian Minister of Health Number 25 of 2014, adolescents are peoples aged 8-10 years old but according to the National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN) adolescents are peoples with an age range of 10-24 years and unmarried.Proportion of first-time dating adolescents in Indonesia at the age of less than 15 years. Based on data from the Global School Heatlh Survey 2015, there are 3.3% of adolescents aged 15-19 years have AIDS, only 9.9% of teenage girls and 10.6% of teenage boys have comprehensive knowledge about HIV AIDS, and as many as 0.7% of teenage girls and 4.5% of teenage boys have had premarital sexual relations. Adolescents who understand about the signs of puberty and about reproductive health are still very lacking. Yogyakarta City is still poor in knowledge with various health problems, especially adolescent reproductive health. Sexual violence cases in the city of Yogyakarta rank 5th out of 34 provinces in Indonesia, with a total of 894 victims.Objectives: To determine the relationship between peers and attitudes towards sexual violence.Methods: We conducted analytical descriptive correlation method and study design cross sectional study. The independent variable in this study was peers and dependent variable in this study was attitudes towards sexual violence. Data analysis uses univariate analysis and bivariate analysis to analyze the relationship between two variables. The statistical analysis used in this study is the spearman rank test.Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between peers (p value 0.009) and showed a sufficient correlation (r = 0.174) which means there is a relationship with attitudes towards sexual violence.Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between peers and attitudes toward sexual violence.

Introduction: Even after decades of the development of lowcost and effective antibiotics, puerperal infections remain an important cause of preventable maternal morbidity and mortality. Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the risk factors, morbidity, and mortality associated with puerperal infections. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from March 2021 to October 2021, at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Gandhi Hospital in Telangana, India. The study included all women who delivered in this hospital and were referred within 42 days after delivery with fever and any of the following symptoms: pain abdomen, malodorous lochia, abdominal distention, subinvolution of the uterus, pelvic abscess, peritonitis, any system/organ failure, or shock. Various risk factors such as age, parity, socioeconomic status (according to the modified Kuppuswamy scale), BMI, rupture of membranes, mode of delivery, and comorbidities associated with puerperal infection were assessed. Complications following puerperal infection were also studied. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0, and the results were presented in frequency and percentages of categorical variables. Results: During the study period, there were 161 cases of puerperal infection. The majority of cases were between the age group of 26-30 years, constituting 72 (44.7%) cases. Among them, 86 (53.4%) cases were multiparous, 50 (31%) cases were primiparous, 10 (6.2%) cases were second gravida, and 15 (9.3%) cases were third gravida. Lower middle-class women accounted for 67 (41.6%) cases, and 85 (52.7%) cases were in the overweight range. Prolonged premature rupture of membranes for more than 24 hours was observed in 78 (48.4%) cases. Caesarean section was the mode of delivery for 90 (56%) cases of puerperal infection cases. The most commonly associated comorbidities were anaemia in 63 (39.1%) cases, severe preeclampsia in 47 (29.1%) cases, abruption in 31 (19.2%) cases, and diabetes in 20 (12.4%) cases. Prolonged hospital stay was observed in 144 (89.4%) cases, wound gaping in 26 (16.1%) cases, and disseminated intravascular coagulation in 24 (14.9%) cases. A total of 31 (19.2%) cases of women succumbed, mostly due to multi-organ failure. Conclusion: Early diagnosis, proper ICU facilities at all levels of healthcare, timely referral to tertiary facilities, health education, and strict aseptic measures would be crucial in tackling this menace.

BAZNAS is an Indonesian agency in charge of collecting zakat and has many branches. One of the branches is in Ngawi Regency which has a program called Ngawi Makmur. It intends to realize family welfare and resilience by helping Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises and people in debt. This is a qualitative study aiming to reveal the strategy of BAZNAS Ngawi in building family economic resilience. This is a type of field research which involve mustah{iq receiving financial assistance in 6 sub-districts. The data are collected using observation, interviews, and documentation. They were then validated by triangulation, comparing the results of interviews and observation. The obtained data were then analyzed in three stages, namely data simplification, data presentation, and drawing conclusion. BAZNAS Ngawi's strategy is to prioritize the SO (Strengths-Opportunities) by improving the skills of mustah{iq, providing training and assistance to housewives, and collaborating with OPZ to form social enterprises for mustah{iq. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, BAZNAS Ngawi is in the Growth quadrant. In this quadrant, the state of the industry is in a favorable condition because it has power and can take the opportunities.

The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the export of chili in Indonesia, determine the most dominant factor, and also the export potential of chili in the importing country. The analytical methods used are panel data analysis with gravity model and trading potential analysis. The results show that the independent variables that significantly affect Indonesia’s chili exports are Indonesia’s real GDP/capita, the real GDP/capita of the destination country, the rupiah exchange rate against the destination country, and the geographical distance between Indonesia and the destination country. The most dominant factor is the rupiah exchange rate. Indonesia’s trade is still under trade (pp > 1), so it can potentially expand the chili trade to importing countries.

Background : Nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnant women can cause symptoms of prenatal distress and stress which will affect a mother’s quality of life. Nausea and vomiting will also affect the nutritional intake of the mother and fetus. Nutritional needs that are not fulfilled from the beginning of pregnancy can cause fetal growth restriction which can cause short and long term complications and have a negative impact on quality of life.Objectives : This research aims to test the combination aromatherapy product Pepperlav (Peppermint and Lavender) in pregnant women to relieve nausea and vomiting.Methods : This study pretest-posttest control group design method with a total sample of 40 first trimester pregnant women who experienced nausea and vomiting. This research was conducted at the Midwife Independent Practice in the Bantul Region. Data collection was carried out by interviewing and filling out questionnaires that measured nausea and vomiting before and after the intervention. The questionnaire used is a valid and reliable RINVR. Intervention were carried out by administering Pepperlav Aromatherapy Combinations with formulations FIB (40:50:10), F2B (30:60:10), F3B (20:70:10) with VCO based notes that have fulfilled the physical stability, homogeneity, measurement PH, spreadability and adhesion tests, product safety tests and preference tests conducted on women who are not pregnant. Data were analyzed using the Paired t Test. Results : Based on statistical tests with Paired t test analysis p value: 0.001, this shows that the p value Conclusions : Aromatherapy combination of Pepperlav (peppermint and lavender) can relieve nausea and vomiting in pregnant women.

The health problems of the elderly in ​​the Puskesmas Industri, Gresik work area align with the Indonesian health phenomenon where the number of elderly and degenerative diseases is high. Health cadres training in the work area of ​​the Puskesmas Industri is needed to optimize the role of cadres in educating and implementing a healthy lifestyle in older adults. The Community Partnership Program, focusing on health as part of goal 3 of The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), was carried out on September 1, 2022, and was attended by 57 cadres from 6 villages. Health information was provided as a provision for cadres to provide education to the public about the healthy lifestyle of the elderly. The results showed that there was an increase of 17,26 points (34,76%) after training. The lowest post-test results were on the topic of BMI and its interpretation, as well as physical activity in the elderly, so further action is needed. During FGD, the Elderly Health Book from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia was introduced. The results of the FGD showed that the introduction of the Elderly Health Book should be continued so that health cadres can consistently use it. Health cadres have a significant role in realizing the elderly health program from the Indonesian Ministry of Health. This health cadre training has proven to be very necessary because it can increase understanding as a provision for cadres in providing education to the public regarding the healthy lifestyle of the elderly.

Independent learning is one of the important aspects of solving Mathematics learning problems. The novelty of this research is the independence of students in solving mathematics learning problems in elementary schools during post-pandemic era. The purpose of this study is to describe the elementary students' independence in solving Mathematics learning problems in the post-COVID-19 pandemic. This research approach is qualitative with a case study design. The research was conducted in sixth-grade students of SDN 01 Papahan Karanganyar. Data collection used interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The researcher tested validity data with technical and source triangulation. The data analysis used interactive analysis techniques, namely data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that most of the students were able to solve mathematical problems in the post-COVID-19 pandemic independently, marked by: 74.07% of students can understand their problems, 92.59% of students could plan their problem solving, 77.78% of students could solve their problems correctly and systematically, and 77.78% of students could re-check the results of solving their problems. The research implies that students who can solve mathematical problems independently will use the knowledge, skills, and experience gained to achieve optimal learning outcomes and use their mindset to solve problems in everyday life without relying on the help of others.

Highlights 1. The Body Mass Index (BMI) measures how much fat the body carries. 2. Obesity and overweight are characterized by an excessive buildup of fat that may be detrimental to health. Abstract Background: Body Mass Index (BMI) is an indicator of body fat. It is classified as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese. Obesity is a risk factor for hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg). Objective: To analyze the correlation between BMI with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Methods: This was an observational research with a cross-sectional design, and the samples consisted of 60 individuals aged 35 to 59 selected using accidental sampling. Blood pressure was the dependent variable whereas BMI was the independent variable. Data were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. Results: There were 44 females (73.3%) and 16 males (26.7%). The largest age groupings were between 45-49 and 50-54 years (31.7%), while the smallest was between 55-59 years (5%). Thirty-three samples (55%) were overweight (>25 kg/m2), 32 samples (53.4%) had systolic blood pressure above normal (≥120 mmHg), and 42 samples (70%) had diastolic blood pressure above normal (≥80 mmHg). The Pearson correlation test between BMI and systolic blood pressure showed a weak correlation (p=0.009 r=0.336). The Spearman correlation test between BMI and diastolic blood pressure showed a weak correlation (p=0.013 r=0.321). Conclusion: There was a weak correlation between BMI with systolic blood pressure, and there was a weak correlation between BMI with diastolic blood pressure in this study.

Abstract Background Restoring movement after hemiparesis caused by stroke is an ongoing challenge in the field of rehabilitation. With several therapies in use, there is no definitive prescription that optimally maps parameters of rehabilitation with patient condition. Recovery gets further complicated once patients enter chronic phase. In this paper, we propose a rehabilitation framework based on computational modeling, capable of mapping patient characteristics to parameters of rehabilitation therapy. Method To build such a system, we used a simple convolutional neural network capable of performing bilateral reaching movements in 3D space using stereovision. The network was designed to have bilateral symmetry to reflect the bilaterality of the cerebral hemispheres with the two halves joined by cross-connections. This network was then modified according to 3 chosen patient characteristics—lesion size, stage of recovery (acute or chronic) and structural integrity of cross-connections (analogous to Corpus Callosum). Similarly, 3 parameters were used to define rehabilitation paradigms—movement complexity (Exploratory vs Stereotypic), hand selection mode (move only affected arm, CIMT vs move both arms, BMT), and extent of plasticity (local vs global). For each stroke condition, performance under each setting of the rehabilitation parameters was measured and results were analyzed to find the corresponding optimal rehabilitation protocol. Results Upon analysis, we found that regardless of patient characteristics network showed better recovery when high complexity movements were used and no significant difference was found between the two hand selection modes. Contrary to these two parameters, optimal extent of plasticity was influenced by patient characteristics. For acute stroke, global plasticity is preferred only for larger lesions. However, for chronic, plasticity varies with structural integrity of cross-connections. Under high integrity, chronic prefers global plasticity regardless of lesion size, but with low integrity local plasticity is preferred. Conclusion Clinically translating the results obtained, optimal recovery may be observed when paretic arm explores the available workspace irrespective of the hand selection mode adopted. However, the extent of plasticity to be used depends on characteristics of the patient mainly stage of stroke and structural integrity. By using systems as developed in this study and modifying rehabilitation paradigms accordingly it is expected post-stroke recovery can be maximized.

The use of improved soybean varieties is crucial when it comes to the progress of soybean cultivation in Indonesia. This study presents the agronomic performance, seed chemical composition, and bioactive components of 12 soybean genotypes grown in Malang, Indonesia. Parameters included the agronomic characteristics, ash, protein, fat, total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), genistein and daidzein contents as well as antioxidant activity. The study found that Dena 1, Dering 1, and Deja 1 had the highest seed yield (2.76–2.84 t/ha), while Dega 1 had the largest seed size (24.69 g/100 seeds). The black-seeded genotype of Detam 1 had the highest protein content (39.79% dw), while GH 63 had the largest amount of total daidzein and genistein. Detam 4 (a black-seeded genotype) exhibited the highest values of TFC, TPC, and antioxidant activity. The agronomic characteristics and TPC significantly correlated, suggesting that both traits are applicable as criteria for soybean breeding selection. Detam 4 and GH 63 are likely promising to be used as gene sources for improving the nutritional and health benefits of soybean genotypes. GH 63 and GH 73 also have the potential for further release as new high-yielding varieties with early maturity and large seed size. Overall, the study provides valuable information on the agronomic superiority and nutritional aspects of improved soybean varieties in Indonesia.

Background: COVID-19 is a virus caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pregnant women with COVID-19 will likely pose a greater risk compared to nonpregnant women. The Indonesian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology Association (ISOG) stated that 13.7% of pregnant women are more susceptible to COVID-19. In the maternity management of mothers with COVID-19, the management for the mother and her child should be comprehended.Objectives: This research aims to determine the relationship between the characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 with the current mode of delivery at Bagas Waras Hospital, Klaten.Methods: This is quantitative analytical research conducted using a retrospective study approach. The population was maternity mothers with COVID-19 at Bagas Waras Hospital. The sampling method used was non-probability with purposive sampling technique. The statistical test was performed using Spearman’s rho.Results: Most respondents (82%) were in healthy reproductive age, 54.6% were housewives, 80% were in A term gestational age, 63.4% had multigravida, 95.1% had no more than 2 children, and 83.1% underwent sectio caesarea. The analysis showed correlation between maternal age and history of pregnancy (adequate p-value; r = 0.323), between pregnancy history and the number of children (r = 0.259), and between the number of children and the age of the mother (r = 353). Meanwhile, there was no relationship between mothers’ characteristics and the mode of delivery.Conclusion: There was significant relationship between the characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 and the current mode of delivery at the Bagas Waras Hospital.

Climate change is a problem that, if left unchecked, will threaten the lives of living things on Earth. The use of renewable energy can be a solution to this problem. This can be started by making it a learning medium at university. This research is a descriptive-analytical study conducted at Raja Ali Haji Maritime University. The study aims to analyze the possibility of building renewable energy as a learning medium at the university by considering aspects of regional conditions, including exposure to sunlight, wind power, and sea wave power. With its area located in the coastal area, the development of renewable energy as a learning medium is possible at Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji. The habituation of students to using renewable energy can be started by universities that facilitate the development of renewable energy as a learning media that can be used by students.

The study examines the cybersecurity environment of electric transportation networks using a machine learning-based methodology. It analyzes the behaviors of electric vehicles, charging patterns, cyber threat occurrences, and the performance of machine learning models. An analysis of electric vehicle (EV) data shows that there are differences in battery capacity and distances covered, suggesting the presence of possible weaknesses across different cars. Cyber threat logs provide a comprehensive view of the various levels of threat severity and the time it takes to discover them, illustrating the ever-changing nature of cyber threats in the network. Machine learning models have varying performance; ML003 and ML005 exhibit excellent accuracy and precision in threat identification, whilst ML002 shows significantly lower metrics. These results highlight the need of implementing flexible cybersecurity solutions to handle different electric vehicle behaviors and effectively reduce cyber risks. This research emphasizes the need of using proactive threat detection tactics in order to effectively address high-severity attacks. It also highlights the need for ongoing improvement of machine learning models to strengthen network security. This study enhances our comprehension of cybersecurity obstacles in electric transportation networks, highlighting the crucial significance of machine learning-based analysis in strengthening network resilience against ever-changing cyber threats.

The Smart Fitness Trainer represents a pioneering endeavor at the intersection of diverse disciplines, amalgamating computer vision and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Its primary objective is to redefine the fitness landscape by introducing real-time exercise form analysis and assistance. Through the fusion of biomechanics, human-computer interaction, and data analytics, this innovative system provides instantaneous visual feedback via a mirror interface, thereby augmenting safety and efficacy during workout sessions. Embracing sophisticated interdisciplinary methodologies, the Smart Fitness Mirror fosters healthier lifestyles and delivers tailored training experiences, heralding a transformative era in fitness technology. This initiative underscores the transformative potential of collaborative multidisciplinary efforts in reshaping the domain of fitness and well-being.

The energy industry is responsible for about 90% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on a worldwide scale, making it the primary contributor to climate change. The Group of Twenty (G20) members are making substantial endeavors to accomplish a sustainable energy transition primarily due to the imperative of addressing climate change. The observable consequences of global climate change on many aspects of life include the disappearance of ice in the Arctic, the increase in sea levels, and the persistence of extended periods of drought. The use of renewable energy sources in power production systems has been shown to significantly mitigate carbon emissions during their whole life cycle. The most significant decrease in carbon emissions during the whole life cycle, transitioning from coal to wind, amounts to 87.32% (≈851.6 g CO2 per kWh). The Indonesian government expresses optimism over its ability to achieve a state of net-zero emissions by the year 2060, accompanied by a renewable energy mix of 23% by 2025. In conclusion, Indonesia is poised to make a significant contribution towards the shift from fossil-based energy sources to renewable alternatives, ultimately striving to attain sustained net zero emissions.

Spirulina sp. is a type of microalgae that can accumulate functional metabolites in their biomass for use in various industries. However, due to the high production costs and low biomass content, there are still challenges in creating microalgae-based products. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize various nutrients in microalgae cultivation media to obtain biomass with high productivity. This research explores the use of vinasse as a cost-effective and highly nutritious cultivation medium obtained from vinasse to reduce harvest costs and develop the potential of a microalgae biorefinery that utilizes vinasse as a culture medium for Spirulina sp. strains. The aim of this research is to determine the ideal vinasse nutrition that can increase the number of Spirulina sp. cells, as well as considering the growth parameters of Spirulina sp. with the Gompertz and Richard Model. The parameter measured in this study was Optical Density (OD) which was measured every day during the 7 days observation period. The vinasse concentration used in this research was 4%. The results of this study indicate that the ideal amount of supplement for the growth of Spirulina sp. is a 0.04% supplement and the amount of biomass produced is 0.37 g/L.

The need to develop 21st-century skills requires lecturers to apply appropriate learning to develop skills. This study aims to describe how the implementation of case-method learning for physics lectures on the topic of hydrostatic pressure by integrating the maritime context. This research is a descriptive study. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation and documentation. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented based on the stages of case- method learning. The implementation of the case method in physics learning on the topic of hydrostatic pressure by linking the maritime context can be done by providing problems that are in accordance with the conditions or events that students often encounter. For instance, we present a problem related to the sinking of the KRI Nanggala 402 ship, a real-life maritime incident involving a steel ship that split into 3 parts. Students discuss in groups to find solutions to problems using appropriate physics concepts and strategies. After going through a series of problem-solving processes, students can understand the essence of the concept of hydrostatic pressure, what events are related to this concept, and how to apply it in solving problems.

Physics and biology are two branches of science that have many connections. In marine biology courses, students must have a good basic concept of physics. The purpose of this study was to determine whether students’ physics knowledge is sufficient to follow marine biology lectures. This study is a quantitative descriptive study. The study was conducted in May 2024 in the Biology Education study program at Raja Ali Haji Maritime University involving 27 students in their third year of study. Data collection was carried out by testing and analyzing descriptively. The results of the study showed that students did not have sufficient knowledge of physics to be able to follow marine biology courses. This is indicated by the problems found by students in solving questions related to the Effect of the position of the earth, moon, and sun on sea tides, the relationship between salinity and density of seawater, the specific heat of seawater, and the impact of global warming on increasing temperature and rising sea levels. Therefore, action is needed to strengthen the basic concepts of physics of biology students so that when taking biology lectures related to physics, students will be able to understand them well.

Kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi mahasiswa cenderung rendah, sehingga berdampak pada kemampuan dalam menerjemahkan substansi pembelajaran yang diberikan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi mahasiswa menggunakan instrumen soal Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) berbasis Two Tier Diagnostic Test. Adapun Pendekatan yang dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi instrumen tes. Tahapan analisis data mencakup analisis skor tes, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini pada uji normalitas memperoleh taraf signifikansi 0,086 sehingga dinyatakan berdistribusi normal dan uji homogenitas dengan taraf signifikansi 0,566 sehingga data dinyatakan homogen. Selanjutnya pada uji regresi linier sederhana diperoleh nilai thitung -1,054 dengan taraf signifikansi 0,303>0,05. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat di jelaskan bahwa penggunaan instrumen HOTS belum mampu mendorong mahasiswa untuk menelaah informasi yang didapatkan, hal ini terlihat pada rata-rata hasil uji anova menjelaskan bahwa tingkat intrepretasi mahasiswa masih rendah dalam menerjemahkan soal yang diberikan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya integrasikan pembelajaran yang berkelanjutan. Abstract Students' high-level thinking skills tend to be low, thus impacting the ability to translate the substance of learning provided. The purpose of this study was to find out the high-level thinking skills of students using higher order thinking skills (HOTS) based on the Two Tier Diagnostic Test. The approach taken using a quantitative approach with data collection techniques includes test instruments. The data analysis stages include test score analysis, normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis test. The results obtained in this study on the normality test obtained a significance level of 0.086 so that it is declared normal distribution and test homogeneity with a significance level of 0.566 so that the data is declared homogeneous. Furthermore, in the simple linear regression test obtained a value of -1.054 with a significance level of 0.303>0.05. Based on these results, it can be explained that the use of HOTS instruments has not been able to encourage students to review the information obtained, this is seen in the average results of the anova test explaining that the level of student interpretation is still low in translating the given problem. Therefore, there is a need for continuous integration of learning.

Background: Early marriage is a form of violence and violation of children's rights. Early marriage that occurs in Indonesia is a very complex dynamic. Geographically, culturally and religiously, the level of acceptance and practice of child marriage varies across Indonesia. Based on the Report on the Fulfillment of Children's Rights in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2017, the number of child marriages in the Special Region of Yogyakarta was 294, a decrease from 2016 which was 346 (a decrease of 15.3%). Early marriage has a big risk of experiencing various bad things. Objective: to find out what are the impacts of early marriage on women of reproductive age in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Methods: The data used in this study is secondary data from the Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (IDHS) issued by the BKKBN. The population in this study were all women of reproductive age whose data was recorded in the partner data in the 2017 IDHS report (Couples record). This research is an analytic study with a cross sectional approach. Data analysis was performed using Cremer's V and Contingency Coefficient analysis. Results: The results showed that there was an effect of early marriage on several dependent variables in this study which was indicated by p value Conclusion: Reproductive health and sexuality education needs to be carried out strategically and systematically nationally and sustainably by involving various cross-sectors, starting from school education, community leaders, religious leaders and health workers. Appropriate and comprehensive teaching and education can help youth in making wise decisions regarding early marriage.

Background: Stunting remains a major public health problem in Majene, Indonesia. School-based nutrition education is an effective strategy to reduce the prevalence of stunting in all settings. The teachers are the key to implementing the strategy in order to improve the students’ behavior and nutritional status. Purpose: The study aimed to explore the teachers’ perceptions about stunting. Method: A qualitative case-study approach was employed using two focus group discussions in four secondary schools. The study participants were teachers of biology, physical education and health science, and religious subjects or supervisor of school extracurricular activities. A total of 22 teachers were interviewed following the guidelines and were recorded using a camera and tape recorder. The transcription process was done using an inductive-interactive model. Result: The perceptions of teachers about stunting are varied. It might be due to teachers’ knowledge, value, and experiences, which also diverged. One teacher perceived that stunting is a mismatch between the child's weight and age, while another perceived genetics as the main cause. Interestingly, a teacher perceived that stunting is related to religion. Prayer has function as a spirit in creating a mindset towards food and drinks. Likewise, the prevention of stunting is also through worship and prayer during pregnancy. Low cognitive skill and productivity, illness, and detrimental to the state are the common impacts of stunting. In addition, teachers also mentioned that there are several agencies involved in the stunting intervention programs, including BPOM. Conclusion: There were variations of teacher perceptions about stunting definition, causes, impacts, prevention, and implementers of stunting programs.

Background: The condition of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia is exacerbated by the habits of consuming tea. Anemia in pregnant women is still a health problem and a high-level cause of death that causes maternal bleeding indirectly. In Indonesia, tea is the most consumed beverage after water. The aroma of fragrant tea and its distinctive taste make this drink widely consumed. Tea can also be used as an antioxidant, improve skin, and slim the body. However, tea-drinking habits in pregnant women can affect the risk of anemia because tea contains tannins that can inhibit the absorption of iron. Purpose: To analyze the association between tea-drinking habits and anemia on pregnant women in Makassar, Indonesia. Methods: This was a quantitative study with cross-sectional design. The subject in this study was 36 pregnant women in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy that was chosen by accidental sampling. The analysis that used was chi-square test to examine the association between tea-drinking habits and anemia. A systematic questionnaire was used to collect data by interviewing respondents. Result: Of the 36 pregnant women who always drink tea, 22 respondents (48%) had anemia and 14 respondents (30%) were not anemic. Meanwhile, of 10 respondents who did not have tea consumption habits, 6 respondents (13%) had anemia and 4 respondents (9%) did not suffer from anemia. Chi-square test showed p=1,000 (p>0,05), which means that there was no association between tea consumption and anemia. Conclusion: Tea-drinking habit was not related to anemia in pregnant women in Makassar, Indonesia. Pregnant women may consume tea after eating but they need to control the interval, at least one hour after having a meal to avoid anemia.

This study looks at the instructional methods utilised by English Language teachers in Malaysia during the Covid-19 outbreak. During the pandemic in 2020/2021, the participants had to learn, explore, and decide which digital tools to use remotely for teaching and learning. In May 2021, twenty English Language Teachers from various secondary schools in Malaysia participated in this study. The Movement Control Order (MCO) period was in effect when the study project began, so Google survey forms were chosen as the research tool. The Google forms were sent out via Telegram and WhatsApp, two popular online teacher support groups. Schools were forced to close in March 2020, and the time of Home-Based Teaching and Learning (PdPR) began with teachers conducting online classes from their homes. This study looks at the online technologies that the participants utilised and the obstacles they faced when teaching online. The study establishes a link between the various types of digital tools and the benefits of using these teaching and learning tools for both teachers and students; it also showed how the digital tool selection was influenced by either the teacher or the student or both. The study's findings revealed that most of the participants used comparable tactics and strategies in their online teaching, such as allowing students time and space to reply to lessons utilising the asynchronous method. According to the findings, participants faced problems such as a lack of internet access, failure of electronic and digital technologies, poor self-efficacy, and lack of support during their HBT&L period. The findings further showed that 80% of the participants used mobile applications such as WhatsApp and Telegram to connect, communicate and teach, as these tools were available to their students. The study’s acknowledgement of the fundamental premise of Malaysia’s status as a developing nation, with its lack of digital infrastructure, poor economic realities of its citizen and the unaffordability of data makes the selection of tools relevant in this 21st century. The study also provides a promising start for utilising these different online teaching tools using flipped, hybrid, asynchronous, or synchronous forms, which have many elements of progressivism and constructivism type teaching styles. When combined with in-person education, the findings could have considerable benefits for the learner and support heutagogy (learning self-management) when combined with in-person teaching.

Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) is a leguminous plant with several potential health benefits. The scientific name is derived from its origin on Ternate Island, North Maluku. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the genetic variability in butterfly pea using Intergenic Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers in North Maluku. Field surveys, collection trips, and habitat studies of butterfly pea plants were conducted on Ternate, Tidore, Halmahera, and Morotai Islands. Genetic diversity was analyzed based on molecular data from the ISSR method. The molecular analysis results obtained using PCR-ISSR on 18 accessions showed a low degree of similarity. Among these, 15 accessions from Ternate, Tidore, Morotai, and Halmahera were in group A, while 3 from Ternate, Tidore, and Halmahera were in group B. All accessions exhibited a genetic similarity level of 0.709, indicating significant diversity. The arrangement among accessions on the dendrogram was similar to the phylogenetic tree, showing separation and spread at 0.608–0.924 based on the Jaccard coefficient. The results suggested that C. ternatea probably originated from Ternate, and subsequently spread to Tidore, Halmahera, and Morotai due to its use as a herbal medicine and ornamental plant. This information could be used as the basis for butterfly pea conservation and cultivation activities in Indonesia, specifically in Ternate Island, North Maluku.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk penelitian berupa kartu Make a Match berbasis karakter anti korupsi yang Valid, Praktis, dan Efektif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan R&D (research & development) dengan menggunakan model Thiagarajan yang dikenal dengan 4D (define, design, develop, and disseminate), yang kemudian diadaptasi menjadi 3 prosedur pengembangan (define, design, and develop ). Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan kartu make a match yang terintegrasi nilai-nilai karakter anti korupsi, sehingga penanaman karakter anti korupsi diintegrasikan melalui sikap dengan penerapan langkah-langkah pembelajaran make a match, dan melalui pengetahuan dengan nilai-nilai karakter anti korupsi yang diintegrasikan pada kartu make a match yang diuji cobakan pada 28 mahasiswa yang mengontrak mata kuliah analisis kompleks. Rancangan uji coba perangkat pembelajaran menggunakan one group pre test-post test. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu 1) Kartu make a match berbasis karakter anti korupsi dinyatakan valid berdasarkan hasil validasi oleh 3 orang ahli; 2) penggunaan Kartu make a match berbasis karakter anti korupsi dinyatakan praktis berdasarkan hasil analisis angket respon dari dosen yang telah menerapkan; dan 3) kartu make a match berbasis karakter anti korupsi efektif digunakan dalam mengintegrasikan karakter anti korupsi yang dilihat dari hasil analisis observasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan N-Gain angket karakter anti korupsi. Kata kunci: Karakter anti korupsi kartu; make a match; media pembelajaran; pengembangan. Abstract This study aims to produce a research product in the form of a Make a Match card based on anti-corruption characters that is valid, practical, and effective. This research is a research and development research using the Thiagarajan model known as 4D (define, design, develop, and disseminate), which is then adapted into 3 development procedures (define, design, and develop). In this study a make a match card is developed which is integrated with the values of anti-corruption characters, so that the inculcation of anti-corruption characters is integrated through attitude with the application of make a match learning steps, and through knowledge with the values of anti-corruption characters integrated into the make a match card which was tested on 28 students who contracted complex analysis courses. The trial design of the learning device used one group pre-test-post test. The results of this study were 1) the make a match card based on the anti-corruption character was declared valid based on the results of validation by 3 experts; 2) the use of the make a match card based on the anti-corruption character is stated to be practical based on the results of the response questionnaire analysis from the lecturers who have implemented it; and 3) the anti-corruption character-based make a match card is effectively used in integrating the anti-corruption character as seen from the results of the observation analysis of the implementation of learning and the N-Gain anti-corruption character questionnaire. Keywords: Card Anti-Corruption Character; Make a Match; Learning Media; Development