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Preliminary data suggest that patients with COVID-19 may experience psychiatric symptoms, including psychosis. We systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate the concurrence of new-onset psychosis or exacerbation of clinically stable psychosis through case reports and case series.Six databases were searched, followed by an electronic and manual search of the relevant articles. Studies were identified using predetermined eligibility criteria. We evaluated the demographic characteristics, clinical history, course of illness, management, and prognosis of the patients in these studies.Case reports and case series, altogether consisting of 57 unique cases were included. The mean patient age for onset of psychotic symptoms was 43.4 years for men and 40.3 years for women. About 69% of patients had no prior history of psychiatric disorders. Most patients had mild COVID-19-related symptoms, with only 15 (26.3%) presenting with moderate to severe COVID-19-related disease and complications. The most commonly reported psychotic symptoms were delusions and hallucinations. Patients with psychotic symptoms were treated with antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, valproic acid, and electroconvulsive treatment. In 36 cases, psychotic symptoms resolved completely or improved significantly. Ten cases had partial improvement with residual psychotic symptoms, and one patient died due to cardiac arrest.Most patients responded to a low-to-moderate dose of antipsychotics with a quick recovery. However, the residual psychiatric symptoms highlight the need for careful monitoring and longer follow-up. Clinicians should be mindful of the occurrence of psychosis due to COVID-19 infection in a subset of COVID-19 patients that can be misdiagnosed as a psychotic disorder alone.

Postpartum depression (PPD) can predispose to physical and mental health problems in women. However, PPD is associated with health and perceived social support but their causal relationship is unclear. Therefore, this study intended to evaluate the association of PPD with insomnia, mental health, and physical health. Convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from 320 (52.8 %) young and middle aged postpartum women, in the outpatient departments of obstetrics and gynecology in Government Maula Bakhsh Hospital, District Head Quarter in Sargodha, Pakistan. The Edinburgh Postnatal depression scale, Pittsburg sleep quality index, Warwick-Edinburgh mental wellbeing scale, Patient health questionnaire, and Multidimensional scale of perceived social support were used to measure study variables. Results revealed a significant positive relationship of PPD with physical health (r= .45, p=.001), while a negative relationship with insomnia (r= -.24, p

A diverse medical workforce is pivotal for the provision of high-quality healthcare services to the US population.1 Currently, women comprise 50% of all medical students in the United States, whereas only 35.2% of the physician workforce is represented by women.2 The under-represented minority (URM) physicians are significantly lower in number compared to the White physicians.1 Women and the URM workforce are less represented at leadership and faculty levels.3 Although female residents have gradually increased, recruitment of URM residents in psychiatry continues to be low.3 The field of child and adolescent psychiatry has faced numerous challenges in recruitment and representation of URM residents.4 In 2017, among 134 child and adolescent psychiatry programs, 535 fellows (64.5%) were women.5 Considering racial trends, there were 383 White, 282 Asian, 78 African American/Black, and 2 American Indian child and adolescent psychiatry fellows.5.

Diversity provides better patient outcomes, reduces physician burnout, and therefore lessens the burden of the healthcare system. In this study, we explore the gender and racial trends in the recruitment of medical graduates into US psychiatry residency programs. Retrospective data analysis was performed utilizing the data from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data's annual Resource Books from the year 2007 to 2018. Demographic data, including gender and race, were extracted for psychiatry residents. Gender was categorized as Male, Female, and Not Reported. Race/ethnicity was categorized as White (Non-Hispanic), Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, Black/African-American (Non-Hispanic), Native American/Alaskan, Others (not in the aforementioned categories), and Unknown. Female psychiatry residents relatively decreased by 2.6% whereas male psychiatry residents relatively increased by 15.5% from 2007 to 2018. Between the years 2011 and 2018, there was a relative increase in African American/Black and Native American/Alaskan psychiatry residents by 5.5% and 1%, respectively, whereas the Asian/Pacific Islanders, White (Non-Hispanic), and Hispanic/Latino psychiatry residents relatively decreased by 5.1%, 2.3%, and 1.7%, respectively. Despite the overall increase of women and ethnic minorities in US medical schools, women and racial minorities remain significantly under-represented in psychiatry residency programs in the US.

Background Equity, diversity, and inclusion remain a challenge in the healthcare workforce. This study explored the current gender and racial/ethnic trends in academic pediatric positions across the United States. Methodology The pediatric faculty self-reported data by the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) Faculty Roster from 2007 to 2020 were analyzed. The races were classified as White (non-Hispanic), Asian, Hispanic, Black (non-Hispanic), Multiple races (including both non-Hispanic and Hispanic), Others, and Unknown. Gender was categorized as male and female. Results The results showed that Asian, Black (non-Hispanic), and Hispanic academic pediatricians increased in full professor, associate professor, and assistant professor positions and decreased in instructor positions from 2007 to 2020. Black (non-Hispanic) academic pediatricians relatively decreased 5.5% in chairperson positions. Women increased in full professor, associate professor, instructor, and chairperson positions; however, relatively decreased 1.8% in assistant professor positions. Men and White (non-Hispanic) academic pediatricians relatively decreased 10.5% and 16%, respectively, in all academic ranks. Women, Asian, Black (non-Hispanic), Hispanic, and Other races were underrepresented in tenured, on-track (tenure-eligible), and not-on-track (tenure-eligible) positions. Conclusions Women and underrepresented minorities in medicine (URiM) physicians continue to remain significantly underrepresented in academic pediatric faculty positions and tenured track positions. There is a dire need to adapt multifaceted strategies to increase the engagement of women and URiM in academic pediatrics.

Introduction The gender and racial profile of the pediatric population in the United States (US) is more diverse than that of the pediatricians that cater to their healthcare needs. Gender and racial diversity remains limited among pediatric residents and fellows, faculty, and leadership. Our study objectives were to explore the gender and racial disparity among pediatric residents in the US. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) database. The database encompassed all residents in US pediatrics residency programs from 2007 to 2021, categorizing them into White (non-Hispanic), Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, African American/Black (non-Hispanic), Native American/Alaskan, others (races not included in the mentioned categories), and unknown. Gender was grouped into male, female, and not reported. Results From 2011 to 2021, the greatest increase in relative change (%) was seen for Asian or Pacific Islander (+58.42%), followed by Black (non-Hispanic) (+45.24%), White (non-Hispanic) (+43.37%), and Hispanic (+42.18%) races. The Native American/Alaskan relatively decreased 50%. The representation of female residents relatively increased by 13.27% as compared to the relative increase of male residents (+14.77%) from 2007 to 2021. Conclusion It is imperative to have a healthcare workforce that is representative of the existing communities in the US in terms of race, ethnicity, and gender to provide culturally sensitive care to the diverse patient population of the US.

The United States of America (USA) has a culturally and ethnically diverse population. Various gender and racial minorities in the healthcare system are not represented adequately when compared to their ratios in the general population. This study reviewed the gender and racial distribution and its temporal trends among fellows in Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (CLP) within the USA. A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the gender and race of fellows in CLP fellowship programs in the USA from 2007 to 2019. Data was retrieved from publicly available Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Resource Books. According to ACGME data, races were categorized as White (non-Hispanic), Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, Black (non-Hispanic), Native American/Alaskan, Others, and Unknown. Gender was self-reported as male, female, and not reported. Among fellows in CLP, the White (Non-Hispanic) race remained the most represented and increased by 7.3% from 2011 to 2019, with an 18.6% increase in relative change. In contrast, the Asian/Pacific Islander, African American/Black (Non-Hispanic), and others decreased by 6.2%, 4.0%, and 4.6%, respectively. Gender distribution trends showed an increase in male representation with a relative increase of 14.7% and an absolute increase of 5.5%. Similar trends were seen in female representation with a relative and absolute increase of 5.2% and 2.8%, respectively. However, women remained the most represented throughout the period. Considering the ongoing globalizationrapidly evolving US demographics, it is crucial to analyze the gender and racial disparities within psychiatry. Racial concordance and a diversified culturally competent physician workforce is imperative for the effective delivery of mental health services.

The United States (USA) is a culturally and ethnically diverse country with an estimated 5.6 to 8 million elderly population living with psychiatric and substance use disorders and a dwindling geriatric psychiatry workforce. In this study, we explored the gender and racial trends in USA geriatrics psychiatry fellowship programs from 2007-20, and forecasted the 2030 geriatric psychiatry workforce to identify the gaps and provide recommendations.This retrospective analysis of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) data included trainees in geriatric psychiatry fellowship programs in the USA from 2007-20. Races were classified as White (Non-Hispanic), Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, Black (Non-Hispanic), Native American/Alaskan, Others, and Unknown. Gender was categorized as Male, Female, and Not Reported.Amongst the geriatric psychiatry fellowship trainees, there was an overall decrease in the representation of all races from 2011-20. There was a relative decrease of 16%, 8.6% and 2.3% for White (Non-Hispanic), Asian/Pacific Islander, and Black (Non-Hispanics) respectively whereas the Hispanic and Native American/Alaskan trainees remained unchanged. Women relatively increased 28.4% from 2007-20 while men relatively decreased 27.1%. Our projections suggest that without changes in the current health professional recruitment trends and the shortage of geriatric psychiatrists will persist with a shortfall of 1,080 (9.7%) by 2030.There are critical gaps in racial and gender representation in geriatric psychiatry fellowship programs in the USA. An inclusive workforce is required to address diverse communities and bridge gaps in physician workforce gender and racial disparities.

The United States (US) has a culturally diverse population. However, the percentage of underrepresented minorities (URMs) and women in healthcare does not fully reflect their current and future demographics. Our objective was to explore and forecast the gender and racial trends in the US addiction psychiatry fellowship programs. A retrospective analysis was performed using data from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Resource Books which encompassed US addiction psychiatry fellows from 2007 to 2020. Simple linear and multiple regression were used to predict the 2030 addiction psychiatry workforce. White (Non-Hispanic) and Asian/Pacific Islander had a relative change of -2.8% and -26.1% from 2011 to 2020, respectively. Black (non-Hispanic) had a relative change of + 5.2%. Hispanic and Native American/Alaskan had no relative change during this time. From 2007 to 2020, women's representation relatively decreased by 10.9%. Statistically, these dynamic trends of the addiction psychiatry workforce will continue to exist in 2030. Women and URM addiction psychiatrists play an effective role in addressing substance use disorders (SUD). Unfortunately, the current gender and racial disparities in addiction psychiatry will exist in the future. Understanding the continued gender and racial bias in addiction psychiatry fellowships and devising appropriate recommendations can help mitigate the existing disparities.

Objectives The National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is the world's largest funding source for research, offers various types of competitive grants depending on the duration, research type, and budget. The Research Project Grant (RPG) is the oldest mechanism for grant allocation that is used by the NIH. In this study, we explored the gender trends of NIH RPGs and R01 grants over the last two decades. Methods By utilizing the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool (RePORT), data for gender were extracted, and the percentage of women as RPGs Investigators, R01-equivalent grant including R01 type 1 and type 2 grant awardees, from 1998 to 2019 were tabulated. The absolute change was calculated. Results From 1998 to 2019, the percentage of female RPG awardees has increased. However, the success rates for female RPG applicants have decreased during the same period. The funding and success rates for new R01 awards have been similar for both men and women, but women have been less successful at the renewal of R01-equivalent awards. Conclusion Gender disparity exists in awardees of higher RPGs, including the R01 award. This highlights the need for further actions to ensure gender parity in grant allocations at the NIH.

The skin provides a protective barrier to the body against the environment. Ineffective healing of damaged skin can cause a chronic wound which would increase the risk of infection and associated complications. The use of wound dressings to protect the wound and provide an optimal environment for wound repair is a common practice in the burn clinic. While traditional wound healing dressings have substantially changed the wound outcome, wound healing complications are still a challenge to healthcare. Advancements in tissue engineering, biomaterial sciences, and stem cell biology led to the development of novel dressings that not only dress the wounds but also actively contribute to the process of healing. This review discusses the various properties of the emerging wound dressings that are designed in attempts to improve wound care upon skin injury.

Attachment is an emotional bond that connects children to their caregivers. The psychology of attachment suggests that children with a stronger relationship with their primary caregivers are considered secure in their attachment patterns, whereas children with a strained relationship with their early caregivers and who had felt rejected in their childhood are considered insecure. The quality of the nurturing environment in the early stages of life of children and the relationship of parents themselves (e.g., divorce, conflict) contribute significantly to shaping a child's attachment behaviors. The neurobiology of attachment patterns includes the (a) hypothalamus, which mediates stress hormones; (b) amygdala, which controls stronger emotions such as fear; and (c) prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for emotional regulation. These areas of the brain play a vital role in children's socioemotional development. The current article reviews four attachment patterns: insecure avoidant (type A), secure (type B), insecure ambivalent/resistant (type C), and disorganized (an extreme form of insecure attachment), and explores the implications of attachment patterns on the mental health of children. [ Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58 (8), 18–22.]

Objectives: The global crisis of COVID-19 demanded that schools adapt to online education at an unprecedented pace. Remote learning has followed social distancing protocols and helped in continuation of education. However, in children with mental health disorders (C-MHD), the outcomes of online learning are not similar to normal individuals. The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of psychological distress of transitioning to remote learning in C-MHD. The secondary objective is to provide directions to increase student satisfaction for online education. Methods: An IRB-approved cross-sectional analysis was done on children aged 5 to 17 years (N = 172), including 87 boys (50.6%) and 85 girls (49.4%), from January to May 2021, at South Bronx Community Hospital, NY. A total of 111 children were Hispanic (65%) and 53 were African American (31%). Structured questionnaires were used by residents/fellows to determine effects of remote learning on children. A χ2 test was used to analyze the data, and p values were calculated across the variables of remote learning and psychiatric diagnosis of MDD, ADHD, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Results: Our analysis showed that 105 (61%) of C-MHD students struggled to learn remotely compared to in-person learning (more children with MDD [20.35%, p < 0.05] as compared to GAD and ADHD). Due to long screen hours, more felt distracted (37%) than tired (14.5%). More felt sad (17%) than happy (0.06%), and 21.5% felt anxious. More children with GAD (42% vs 27%) as compared to MDD (35% vs 24%), rated e-learning as good. More children with ADHD (35% vs 30.6%) did not like e-learning. More children with MDD (26%, p < 0.05) reported feeling safe from COVID-19 in e-learning than did children with GAD (23%) and ADHD (17%). Conclusions: During the pandemic, C-MHD patients presenting to the emergency department with anxiety, aggression, and irritability have increased dramatically, where one of the main precipitating stressors was the inability to transition to remote learning. Online education during the pandemic has caused severe psychological and behavioral impacts on children. Student satisfaction will increase if streamlined digital processes and personalized support systems are fully integrated. SC, SAC, COMP