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1. Breeding Progress for Vitamin A, Iron and Zinc Biofortification, Drought Tolerance, and Sweetpotato Virus Disease Resistance in Sweetpotato

Author

Robert O. M. Mwanga, Jolien Swanckaert, Guilherme da Silva Pereira, Maria I. Andrade, Godwill Makunde, Wolfgang J. Grüneberg, Jan Kreuze, Maria David, Bert De Boeck, Edward Carey, Reuben T. Ssali, Obaiya Utoblo, Dorcus Gemenet, Milton O. Anyanga, Benard Yada, Doreen M. Chelangat, Bonny Oloka, Kiddo Mtunda, Martin Chiona, Some Koussao, Sunette Laurie, Hugo Campos, G. Craig Yencho, and Jan W. Low

Subjects
sweetpotato, breeding, biofortification, virus resistance, drought tolerance, quality, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Sweetpotato is a resilient food crop with great potential to contribute to reduced hunger in the world. Sweetpotato shows significant potential to contribute to reducing the Global Hunger Index, which reflects deficiencies in calories and micronutrients based on the components of hunger, undernourishment, under-five mortality rate, stunting and wasting. Its genetic diversity has been harnessed through breeding to increase vitamin A, iron, and zinc content, virus resistance and climate resilience for the world's food needs. Africa and India are the most food-insecure regions. The main objectives of this research were to: provide information and a knowledge base on sweetpotato breeding in Africa for biofortification of vitamin A, iron, and zinc, drought tolerance and virus resistance; recommend procedures for generating new breeding populations and varieties; and develop new tools, technologies and methods for sweetpotato improvement. The research was implemented between 2009 and 2020 in 14 collaborating African countries using introduced and local genotypes. The redesigned accelerated breeding scheme resulted in increased genetic gains for vitamin A, iron, zinc contents and virus resistance, and the release by sub-Saharan African countries of 158 varieties; 98 of them orange-fleshed; 55 varieties bred by an accelerated breeding scheme; 27 drought-tolerant and two with enhanced iron and zinc content. Our experience has demonstrated that through the use of more optimized, standardized and collaborative breeding procedures by breeding programs across Africa, it is possible to speed official sweetpotato variety release and contribute to reducing the severe micronutrient deficiencies on the continent.

Published
2021
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4. Availability of, access to and consumption of fruits and vegetables in a peri-urban area in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Author

Mieke, Faber, Ria, Laubscher, and Sunette, Laurie

Subjects
Adult, Dietary Fiber, Male, Adolescent, Urban Population, Ascorbic Acid, Recommended Dietary Allowances, World Health Organization, Food Supply, South Africa, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vegetables, Humans, Child, Vitamin A, Family Characteristics, Portion Size, food and beverages, Original Articles, Middle Aged, Diet, Calcium, Dietary, Socioeconomic Factors, Child, Preschool, Fruit, Female, Seasons, Nutritive Value
Abstract

Availability and consumption of fruits and vegetables were assessed in peri‐urban households in KwaZulu‐Natal Province, South Africa. Caregivers of 400 randomly selected grade 6 and 7 learners were interviewed using a questionnaire that included unquantified food frequency questions. Using a repeated 24‐h dietary recall, dietary intake was quantified for learners, caregivers and 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children in the household. Usual household fruit and vegetable consumption was expressed over three Living Standard Measure (LSM) categories. Average per capita intake of fruit and/or vegetables was 99 g for 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children and 124 g for caregivers. For consumers, fruits and/or vegetables contributed towards total dietary intake of fibre (16–21%), calcium (13–21%), vitamin A (27–31%) and vitamin C (47–62%). For households not consuming fruits (n = 297) and vegetables (n = 178) daily, cost was the major constraint (≥75%). Of all households, 52% had fruit trees and 25% had a vegetable garden. Animals destroying vegetables was the major constraint to 59% of vegetable growers. Household consumption of fruits and vegetables increased over the LSM categories. Caregivers in the higher LSM group more likely used printed material for information on healthy eating, had fruit trees, were confident about vegetable gardening and sold some of their produce. To enable peri‐urban populations of low socio‐economic status to consume more frequently a bigger variety of fruits and vegetables, the cost of purchasing these food items needs to be addressed by government and business sector. Households should further receive support to overcome constraints which hamper the success of home gardens.

Published
2011

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