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Biometrics is a term used to determine an individual's identification based on physiological or behavioral traits. Such physiological or behavioral characteristics differ from person to person. For this reason, it is more secure and popular to authenticate the person using biological characteristics than other conventional authentication methods. The Local Binary Pattern (LBP) face recognition system is widely used but is noise sensitive. For the purpose of improving the performance, a descriptor of a local texture called Local Ternary Pattern (LTP) is introduced, which is more discriminating in uniform regions and less noise sensitive. The proposed method called Enhanced LTP (ELTP), uses pre-processing technique. Here, the input image is pre-processed using Gamma Correction and Histogram Equalization. The LTP is applied on pre-processed image to get the finalized feature vectors. Experimentation is conducted on the standard datasets ORL, UMIST and VTU (VISA) face datasets. It is proved that ELTP shows better accuracy than other face recognition methods.

Cycads are the most threatened plants of all living organisms and they are on the brink of extinction in the wild. Cycads need urgent conservation and this can only be accomplished by in situ as well as ex situ conservation techniques. As a consequence of human activity, most of the Indian cycads are threatened with extinction. To oppose the current issues the authors collected three cycad germ plasms from different localities of Andhra Pradesh and carried out a similar kind of germination process. The present study’s intention was to propagate more number of seedlings through seed germination in less time to augment the species population in their natural population. Seed germination response was best by using fleshly outer coat removed cycad seeds (without sarcotesta) while directly collected from trees. The most preferable growing medium is red soil, sand and cocopeat (1:1:1). The seedlings were raised through this method and developed coralloid roots faster which suggests their survivability. The present study provideed a low-cost standard methodology followed for speedy and effective germination and obtained positive results. These methods would help in restoring species in their natural habitats as well as avoiding species extinction in wild.

As the concept of quantization matrix becomes an important feature in recent video CODECs, an optimized quantization matrix is being considered in the High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard. This paper describes the entropy encoding by familiarizing optimized quantization matrix, and so higher rate of compression can be accomplished over the improved entropy encoding. Experiments show that for the eight benchmark video sequences and PSNR for varying rate of data transmission is explored. Comparative analysis is made with the improved (WE-Encoding) and standard entropy encoding based on the performance measurements. The simulation results show that the proposed method (WE-OQM) can save the originality of the decoded video sequence far better even though the compression rate is increased. In addition, the overall analysis states that the proposed method is 35.29% better than the Standard Encoding and 62.5% better than the WE-Encoding.

An ad hoc network is a set of wireless mobile hosts which form a provisional network without the help or central administration of an existing infrastructure. An Ad Hoc vehicle network (VANET) utilizes shifting cars as portable network servers are created. Each involved unit becomes a mobile router with a VANET. The technique of networking of VANET is fast and versatile investments of equipment and VANET will not be restricted by set topology. A big number of road based implementation of portable apps ranging from the dissemination of vehicle warning and vibrant path scheduling to the promotion of context and file sharing are anticipated to assist VANET. The primary issues are: routing, broadcasting, service quality (QoS), collision avoidance, traffic optimization, network management, low error tolerance, security. The most important issues are: The design of an effective VANET routing protocol is very difficult; a relatively more stable routings must be established by the routing protocol. A range of road protocols was developed to deal with the problem of routing. Several protocols do not influence the stream of vehicles through the longest track between the origin and the target. VANET routing protocols efficiency is dependent on different parameters, such as mobility model, operating atmosphere, and many more. Fuzzy logic has been used in the protocol planning studies for wireless Ad Hoc networks, given that it is nice to choose the highest secure path from the notion of the fuzzy sets. In the draft job fuse oriented routing protocol the car lifetime, car number of cars travelling along the same lines and the distance between the stubble regarded three significant considerations for track choice are taken into consideration.