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The Great Smoky Mountains National Park is world renown for biological diversity of herpetofauna – especially salamanders. Paired with a diversity of spatial data available for the Park, occurrence records offer insights about amphibians and reptile species assemblages in the Southern Appalachian mountains.

Leptinus orientamericanus Peck * Ex Blarina brevicauda (short tailed shrew): 3 M, 3 F, TN: Sevier Co., Indian Gap, 25 Nov. 1999, R. Eckerlan. Ex Sorex fumeus (smoky shrew): 1 M, TN, Sevier Co., Brushy Mount, 8 Apr. 2002, K. Walters, L�� 2983. This mammal nest beetle lives in the fur and nests of small mammals, especially insectivores, in eastern North America (Peck 1982). The above records are the first for the Park., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on page 44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680

Proctophyllodes musicus Vitzthum Ex Turdus migratorius (American robin): TN, Blount Co., Tremont, 21 May 2001, P. Super; NC, Haywood Co., Purchase Knob, 5 Jul. 2002, P. Super; NC, Swain Co., Oconaluftee, 15 May 2003, P. Super; TN, Sevier Co., Sugarlands Visitor Center, 31 Mar. 2004, P. Super., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680

Spinturnix americanus (Banks) Ex Myotis lucifugus (little brown myotis): 1 N, TN, Blount Co., Parson Branch, 17 Jun. 2002, TN Tech. Univ. group, L�� 2937; 1 M, TN, Blount Co., Abram���s Creek, 19 Jun. 2002, TN Tech. Univ. group, L�� 2922. Spinturnix spp. are obligate ectoparasites of bats (Radovsky 1985). A partially characterized Spiroplasma sp. and a bacterium nearly identical to Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected in a related species, Spinturnix psi (Reeves et al., 2006 b)., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680

Polyplax spinulosa (Burmeister) ���spined rat louse Ex Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat): 3 F, TN, Sevier Co., Little River Rd., 0.8 miles West of Elkmont turnoff, 27 Dec. 2003, K. Langdon, L�� 3285. The spined rat louse parasitizes domestic rats (Rattus spp.) throughout the world (Durden & Musser 1994) but this is the first record of it from the Park. This louse is vector of Rickettsia typhi and Haemobartonella muris (Durden 2002, Roberts & Janovy 2000) and might be a vector of ��� Bartonella rattimassiliensis ��� to rats (Reeves et al 2006 a)., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on page 35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680, {"references":["Durden, L. A. & Musser, G. G. 1994. The sucking lice (Insecta, Anoplura) of the world: a taxonomic checklist with records of mammalian hosts and geographical distributions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 218, 1 - 90.","Roberts, L. S. & Janovy, J. Jr. (2000) Gerald D. Schmidt and Larry S. Roberts Foundations of Parasitology, 6 th ed. McGraw Hill, Boston. 670 pp.","Reeves, W. K., Szumlas, D. E., Moriarty, J. R., Loftis, A. D., Abbassy, M. M., Helmy, I. M. & Dasch, G. A. (2006 a) Louseborne bacterial pathogens in lice (Phthiraptera) of rodents and cattle from Egypt. Journal of Parasitology, 92, 313 - 318."]}

Hystrichopsylla tahavuana Jordan Ex shrew nest: 1 M, NC, Swain Co., Indian Gap, 25 Jul. 1948, D. W. Pfitzer (Pfitzer 1950, Lewis 1974, Benton 1980, Durden & Kollars 1997). This relatively large flea parasitizes small mammals (Durden & Kollars 1997). It is most common on insectivores, especially moles, in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. The GSMNP record and the additional Tennessee records are from high elevations along the Appalachians; the next closest records are from Pennsylvania (Lewis 1974, Benton 1980, Durden & Kollars 1997)., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680, {"references":["Pfitzer, D. W. (1950) A manual of the fleas of Tennessee. M. S. thesis, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, 103 pp.","Lewis, R. E. (1974) Notes on the geographical distribution and host preferences in the order Siphonaptera. Part 3. Hystrichopsyllidae. Journal of Medical Entomology, 11, 147 - 167.","Benton, A. H. (1980) An atlas of the fleas of the eastern United States. Marginal Media,"]}

Demodex phylloides Czokor Ex Sus scrofa (feral hog): NC, Swain Co. 1979���1980 (Smith et al. 1982). Demodex phylloides is a host specific parasite of hogs and can cause skin lesions (Nutting 1976, 1985) Demodex folliculorum (Simon) Ex Homo sapiens (human): NC, Swain Co., Oconaluftee Visitor Center, 3 Jan. 2002, W. K. Reeves, L�� 3025. Demodex folliculorum is one of two species of Demodex of humans., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on page 47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680

Haematopinus suis (L.)���hog louse Ex Sus scrofa (feral hog): 1 F, NC, Haywood Co., Cataloochee, 1995, L�� 2931; TN, Blount & Sevier Cos., 1979���1980 (Smith et al. 1982, Durden et al. 1997 a); TN, Blount Co., 16 Oct. 1986, S. Patton; TN, Sevier Co., 1 Apr. 1980, S. Patton (Durden et al. 1997 a). The hog louse occurs almost worldwide as a host��specific parasite of domestic and feral hogs (Durden & Musser 1994). Feral hogs are not native to the Smoky Mountains but they are established there (Linzey 1995). Haematopinus suis is a vector of Swinepox Virus and Eperythrozoon parvum (Durden 2002)., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on page 33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680, {"references":["Smith, H. M. Jr., Davidson, W. R., Nettles, V. F. & Gerrish, R. R. (1982) Parasitisms among wild swine in southeastern United States. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 181, 1281 - 1284.","Durden, L. A., Kollars, T. M. Jr., Patton, S. & Gerhardt, R. R. (1997 a) Sucking lice (Anoplura) of mammals of Tennessee. Journal of Vector Ecology, 22, 71 - 76.","Durden, L. A. & Musser, G. G. 1994. The sucking lice (Insecta, Anoplura) of the world: a taxonomic checklist with records of mammalian hosts and geographical distributions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 218, 1 - 90.","Linzey, D. W. (1995) Mammals of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company, Blacksburg. 140 pp."]}

Cediopsylla simplex (Baker) ���rabbit flea Ex Sylvilagus floridanus (eastern cottontail): 3 F, GSMNP, 30 Mar. 1931, R. L. Boke (Fox 1940); 4 F, TN, Sevier Co., Greenbrier, 1 Apr. 1931, R. L. Boke (Fox 1940); 1 F, TN, Blount Co., 20 Nov. 1947, D. W. Pfitzer (Pfitzer 1950, Benton 1980, Durden & Kollars 1997). As indicated by its vernacular name, the rabbit flea mainly parasitizes lagomorphs (Durden & Kollars 1997). This flea also forms short��term associations with predators of lagomorphs, such as foxes and dogs (Durden et al. 2005)., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on page 43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680

Orycteroxenus soricis (Oudemans) Ex Microtus chrotorrhinus (rock vole): 1 DN, TN, Sevier Co., Clingman���s Dome, 16 Nov. 2002, K. Walters, L�� 3039. Ex Sorex cinereus (masked shrew): 1 DN, NC, Swain Co., Noland Divide Trail, 16 Nov. 2002, K. Walters, L�� 3042. Orycteroxenus soricis has been reported to infest insectivores and some voles (Fain & Whitaker 1973, Whitaker & Wilson 1974)., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on page 48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680

Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (Oudemans) Ex Eumeces fasciatus (5 ��lined skink): 5 L, TN, Blount Co., Parson Branch, 8 Sep. 1987, W. King, L�� 3029. Ex Sceloporus undulatus (eastern fence lizard): 5 L, TN: Sevier Co., Greenbrier, 8 Jul. 1986, W. King, L�� 3027. Eutrombicula alfreddugesi infests birds, reptiles, and mammals throughout the southeastern United States (Crossley & Proctor 1971, Reeves et al 2004 b), Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680

Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese) Ex Ochrotomys nuttalli (golden mouse): TN, Sevier Co., near Cosby, 1964��1966(Linzey 1968; Linzey & Linzey 1968). Androlaelaps casalis is a facultative ectoparasite of Nearctic mammals(Whitaker &Wilson 1974,Radovsky 1985)., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680

Myodopsylla insignis (Rothschild) Ex Myotis lucifugus (little brown myotis): 2 F, TN, Blount Co., Dry Valley (in cave), 21 Nov. 1949, D. W. Pfitzer (Pfitzer 1950, Benton 1980, Durden & Kollars 1997); 23 M, 75 F, TN, Blount Co., Abram���s Creek, 19 Jun. 2002, TN Tech. Univ. group, L�� 2922; 3 M, 7 F, TN, Blount Co., Abram���s Creek, 19 Jun. 2002, TN Tech. Univ. group, L�� 2923; 2 M, 9 F, TN, Blount Co., Abram���s Creek, 19 Jun. 2002, TN Tech. Univ. group, L�� 2924. Myodopsylla insignis parasitizes the little brown myotis in the eastern USA and other bat species in the western USA (Durden & Kollars 1997)., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680, {"references":["Pfitzer, D. W. (1950) A manual of the fleas of Tennessee. M. S. thesis, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, 103 pp.","Benton, A. H. (1980) An atlas of the fleas of the eastern United States. Marginal Media,"]}

Triatoma sanguisuga (Le Conte) ��� eastern conenose bug Ex Homo sapiens (human): TN, Sevier Co., Twin Creeks, 15 Jun. 2002, I. Stocks, L�� 3024; TN, Sevier Co., Park Headquarters, 4 May 1994, D. DeFoe Triatoma or kissing bugs are blood feeding ectoparasites of vertebrates. Triatoma sanguisuga feed on rodents, raccoons, opossums, and humans (Ryckman 1986). This bug is a potential vecor of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas��� disease (Beard et al. 1988)., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on page 38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680, {"references":["Jun. 2002, TN Tech. Univ. group, L- 2922; 3 M, 7 F, TN, Blount Co., Abram's Creek, 19 Jun. 2002, TN Tech.","Ryckman, R. E. (1986) The vertebrate hosts of the Triatominae of North and Central America and the West Indies (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology, 11, 221 - 241.","Beard, C. B., Young, D. G., Butler, J. F. & Evans, D. A. (1988) First isolation of Trypanosoma cruzi from a wild-caught Triatoma sanguisuga (LeConte) (Hemiptera: Triatominae) in Florida, U. S. A. Journal of Parasitology, 74, 343 - 344."]}

Pthirus pubis (L.)���crab louse Ex Homo sapiens (human): 1 F, TN, Sevier Co., Sugarlands Visitor Center, 2003, L�� 3098. The crab louse has a cosmopolitan distribution as an ectoparasite of humans (Kim et al. 1986, Durden & Musser 1994). The specimen listed above was presented by a Park visitor as something that had bitten her., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on page 35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680, {"references":["Kim, K. C., Pratt, H. D. & Stojanovich, C. J. (1986) The sucking lice of North America: an illustrated manual for identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park. 241 pp.","Durden, L. A. & Musser, G. G. 1994. The sucking lice (Insecta, Anoplura) of the world: a taxonomic checklist with records of mammalian hosts and geographical distributions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 218, 1 - 90."]}

Ixodes texanus Banks���raccoon tick Ex Procyon lotor (raccoon): TN, Blount Co., Cades Cove, 1979��1980 (Rabinowitz et al. 1983); 1 F, GSMNP, 18 Aug. 1988, R. Thompson, RML 119897. This tick parasitizes carnivores, especially the raccoon, across North America (Durden & Keirans 1996). Rickettsia rickettsii, the agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, has been isolated from I. texanus (Anderson et al. 1986)., Published as part of Reeves, Will K., Durden, Lance A., Ritzi, Christopher M., Beckham, Katy R., Super, Paul E & Oconnor, Barry M., 2007, Ectoparasites and other ectosymbiotic arthropods of vertebrates in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, pp. 31-68 in Zootaxa 1392 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273680

Macrocheles sp. Ex Didelphis virginiana (Virginia opossum): 1 F, TN, Cocke Co., Cosby, 10 Jan. 2003, W. K. Reeves, L­ 3049. Some species of macrochelid mites are known to be phoretic on mammals including Macrocheles mesochthonius on D. virginiana in North America (Krantz & Whitaker 1988).