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This study investigated the effects of an acute dose (900 mg) of New Zealand Blackcurrant (NZBC) extract on 5-km running performance, alongside associated physiological and metabolic responses. Sixteen trained male runners (age 26 ± 5 years, stature 173.4 ± 7.3 cm, body mass 73.7 ± 6.9 kg, maximal oxygen consumption [ V ˙ O 2 max ] 55.4 ± 6.1 ml·kg−1·min−1) ingested either capsules containing NZBC extract (3 × 300 mg CurraNZ, 315 mg anthocyanins) or a matched placebo (3 × 300 mg gluten-free flour) 2 hr before exercise in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Performance time, physiological, and metabolic responses were assessed in a 5-km time trial, preceded by 10-min exercise at the lactate threshold on a treadmill. NZBC extract did not alter the physiological or metabolic responses to exercise at the lactate threshold (oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, minute ventilation, carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, heart rate, blood lactate, or rating of perceived exertion, p >.05). The 5-km time trial was completed in a faster time in the NZBC extract condition compared with placebo (NZBC: 1,308.96 ± 122.36 s, placebo: 1,346.33 ± 124.44, p =.001, d = −0.23, confidence interval range = [−0.46, 0.00 s]). No differences in physiological or metabolic responses were apparent between conditions for the 5-km time trial (p >.05). Ingesting 900 mg of NZBC extract as an acute dose improves performance in trained male runners without altering physiological or metabolic responses to exercise. Further research is needed to assess a wider range of possible mechanisms (e.g., cardiovascular function, metabolite profiles) to advance insight into improved performance following supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resistance training alongside proper protein intake is an important tool to mitigate the deleterious effects of the aging process on skeletal muscle tissue. However, it is not completely elucidated whether adding protein supplementation provides further improvements on body composition outcomes of older adults during resistance training programs. The present narrative review aimed to describe the most recent evidence regarding the effects of protein supplementation on both lean body mass and fat mass of older adults and to provide insight into how health professionals may use this information to properly design nutritional programs for this population. While individuals with previous training experience, not meeting daily protein requirement, or displaying frailty symptoms may experience some benefits, protein supplementation does not seem to provide further improvements in untrained and healthy subjects. Aspects such as the age of the individuals and the different characteristics of the supplementation protocols must be considered when making evidence-based decisions regarding this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food fortification with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) can effectively reduce deficiencies of these important micronutrients, but the reactivity of bioavailable Fe compounds in foods remains a challenge. Here, this problem was tackled by binding water-soluble Fe3+ and Zn2+ sources to alginate by ionotropic gelation, resulting in the formation of mixed Fe/Zn alginate beads. The dry beads were 0.8–1.4 mm in diameter and had Fe and Zn contents of up to 143 mg/g. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful binding of Fe3+ and Zn2+ with the carboxylic acid groups of alginate with preferential binding of Fe3+ over Zn2+. When added to difficult-to-fortify polyphenol-rich foods, the Fe alginate beads caused smaller color changes than water-soluble Fe sources, confirming that binding Fe3+ to alginate reduced its reactivity and improved its stability. Adding increasing amounts of Zn into the beads further improved color stability as evidenced by the lower ΔE values. The in vitro Fe solubility was 75–90% within 120 min at pH 1.0, independent of the Zn content, suggesting that the Fe from these structures is released in the stomach and available for absorption in the intestine. Their improved stability may make these Fe/Zn alginates attractive dual fortificants for difficult-to-fortify foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Oral artemisinin has antiparasitic activity and may help improve treatment success rates in dogs infected with Babesia gibsoni. However, these artemisinin products are unapproved and unregulated botanical supplements. They have not been evaluated for safety and efficacy or for strength, purity, or quality compared with a reference standard. Before considering these products for a clinical study, we evaluated the strength of four suppliers of artemisinin capsules using an high‐performance liquid chromatography method validated in our laboratory. We found that the four artemisinin‐labeled products that were tested had high within product and between product variability in capsule strength compared with the stated capsule strength on the product label. No products met the acceptance criteria of the United States Pharmacopeia and International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) as well as the criteria adapted by the authors. One product had no detectable artemisinin, and the other three products were much higher than the stated label strength. The results of this study reinforce the importance of testing unapproved and unregulated supplements before recommending a supplement for clinical use in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a highly lipophilic molecule with low solubility, making absorption difficult. Recent techniques like micronisation, ultra-micronisation and combining PEA with solvents have improved their bioavailability and stability. Our study analysed particle size differences and absorption kinetics using specific solvents (PEAΩ and PEA DynoΩ) over time (0.5 h–6 h) in a dose-dependent manner (200 mg–1800 mg). The results showed that PEAΩ and PEA DynoΩ achieved 82–63% absorption at 3 h, compared to 30–60% for micronised, ultra-micronised PEA and a commercial product, highlighting the optimal dose range of 300 mg–600 mg. In addition, a 3D model of the peripheral nerve was utilised to explain the efficacy after gut passage and support the most effective dose (300 mg or 600 mg) achieved at the gut level. PEAΩ and PEA DynoΩ, which are associated with better intestinal bioavailability compared to PEA-micronised, PEA ultra-micronised and a commercial product, have allowed not only a reduction in the inflammatory context but also an improvement of peripheral nerve well-being by increasing specific markers like MPZ (26–36% vs. 8–15%), p75 (25–32% vs. 13–16%) and NRG1 (22–29.5% vs. 11–14%). These results highlight the potential of advanced PEA formulations to overcome solubility challenges and maintain in vitro efficacy, modulating peripheral nerve well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential ergogenic effects of an oral lactate supplement. For this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design, fifteen recreational exercisers (nine males, six females) ingested a placebo or a commercially available lactate supplement prior to cycle ergometer exercise. Primary outcomes included peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak; via indirect calorimetry), VO2 at the ventilatory threshold, and work rate at the lactate threshold (arterialized venous blood from a heated hand) determined during incremental exercise to fatigue, and power output during a 20-min cycling time trial. Compared with placebo, the oral lactate supplement (19 ± 1 mg/kg body mass) did not influence VO2peak (placebo: 44.3 ± 7.8 vs. oral lactate: 44.3 ± 7.1 mL/kg/min (mean ± SD); p = 0.87), VO2 at the ventilatory threshold (placebo: 1.63 ± 0.25 vs. oral lactate: 1.65 ± 0.23 L/min; p = 0.82), or work rate at the lactate threshold (placebo: 179 ± 69 vs. oral lactate: 179 ± 59 W; p = 0.41). Throughout the 20-min time trial, the work rate was slightly greater (4%) with oral lactate (204 ± 41 W) compared with placebo (197 ± 41 W; main effect of treatment p = 0.02). Collectively, these data suggest that this commercially available lactate supplement did not acutely influence the physiological responses to incremental cycle ergometer exercise but elicited a modest ergogenic effect during the short-duration time trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium (Mg2+) is an abundant cation in the human body, with important biological effects. Despite its widely acknowledged roles in human health, the optimal approach to assess Mg2+ status is subject to debate. Adequate dietary Mg2+ intake and/or Mg2+ supplementation has potential beneficial effects for preventing and treating diseases affecting many organ systems; however, its effects in most diseases remain controversial because of limited evidence. Although several mechanisms have been proposed for the medical effects of Mg2+, the exact mechanisms for its efficacy remain unknown in most diseases. Elucidation of the mechanisms of action of Mg2+ could guide novel drug development for tissue-specific treatments without systemic side effects. Magnesium (Mg2+) is a commonly used dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of diseases. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of action of Mg2+ in most diseases have been controversial because of conflicting findings in earlier studies. Recent clinical and preclinical studies provide novel insights into the use of Mg2+ for the treatment and prevention of diseases affecting different organ systems. In this review, we provide an overview of recent clinical evidence for, and controversies over, the medical benefits of Mg2+. In addition, we critically discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of action of Mg2+, which could enable the development of novel targeted therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Biotin has widespread popularity as a hair supplement. We sought to review the literature regarding biotin's efficacy as a hair supplement. METHODS: We conducted a literature search of PubMed for articles specifically studying the use of oral biotin for hair growth or quality. Case reports and case series were excluded. RESULTS: Three studies met our inclusion criteria. The first study was the highest quality, with a double-blind and placebo-controlled study design, but their results found no difference between the biotin and placebo groups for hair growth. The other two studies investigated specific patient populations (patients on isotretinoin and female patients post-sleeve gastrectomy). Both studies were susceptible to multiple potential biases and neither had striking results in favor of biotin. LIMITATIONS: Our review is limited by lack of available studies. CONCLUSION: Given the widespread popularity of biotin as a hair supplement, one would presume that this claim must be grounded in strong evidence; however, there is a large discrepancy between the public's perception of its efficacy and the scientific literature. The utility of biotin as a hair supplement is not supported by high-quality studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of supplementing bovine colostrum replacer during weaning to reduce intestinal permeability and improve gain. For this experiment, 65 calves were enrolled and housed individually until 70 d of age. Calves were fed milk replacer (150 g/L) 3 times daily with 9, 10.5, 11.25, and 12 L/d offered from d 1 to 7, 8 to 14, 15 to 21, 22 to 56, respectively. Calves were weaned over 8 d from d 57 to 64, receiving a total of 7.8 L in 2 meals per day from d 57 to 60 and 3.8 L/d in 1 feeding from d 61 to 64. At d 57, calves were blocked by birth weight and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments, equal in ME, which were fed once daily during weaning from d 57 to 64: control (CON; n = 31 calves): 3.8 L of milk replacer (150 g/L) fed by nipple bottle, or colostrum supplementation (COL; n = 34): a mixture of 1 L of bovine colostrum replacer (125 g/L) and 3 L of milk replacer (150 g/L) with 3.8 L of of the mixture fed by nipple bottle. Serum IgG was measured within 48 h of birth and BW was taken at d 0, 57, 60, 64, 70, 77, and 84. Starter intake and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) score were measured daily from d 50 to 70, and fecal consistency was examined daily from d 56 to 70. Serum BHB and lung consolidation were evaluated at d 57, 64, and 70, and intestinal permeability was assessed by recovery of chromium-EDTA, lactulose, and d -mannitol from plasma after oral administration at d 56 and 65. Body weight had no difference between treatment groups at the start of weaning, but COL were 2.79 kg (95% CI: 0.90–4.68) and 2.76 kg (95% CI: 0.86–4.65) heavier than CON at d 77 and 84, respectively. Additionally, COL tended to gain 100.00 g/d more than CON calves (95% CI: −10.41–207.13) from d 57 to 84. No differences were observed in any of the other variables measured. Supplementation of bovine colostrum replacer during weaning may improve weight gain, but the mechanism of action is not clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractA surge of public interest in NMN supplementation has been observed in recent years. However, whether NMN supplements are effective in improving metabolic health remains unclear. The objective of the review was to assess the effects of NMN supplementation on fasting glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C in adults. Studies were located by searching four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science). Two reviewers independently conducted title/abstract and full-text screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment. Of the 4049 records reviewed, 12 studies with a total of 513 participants met the criteria for analysis. Random-effects meta-analyses found an overall significant effect of NMN supplementation in elevating blood NAD levels. However, most of the clinically relevant outcomes were not significantly different between NMN supplementation and control group. Risk-of-bias assessment using RoB2 showed some concerns in seven studies and high risk of bias in the other five studies. Together, our findings suggest that an exaggeration of the benefits of NMN supplementation may exist in the field. Although the limited number of eligible studies was sufficiently powered to detect changes in the abovementioned primary outcomes, more studies are needed to conclude about the exact effects of NMN supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of low, moderate, or high doses of taurine on anaerobic and physiological performance in female rugby players. A total of 16 sub-elite female rugby athletes (21.3 ± 1.5 yr, 168.0 ± 4.9 cm, 62.1 ± 3.5 kg mean ± SD) participated in this research. Following familiarization, participants attended 4 successive tests separated by 72 h in a randomized, counter-balanced, crossover research design. Following an over night fast, participants completed a 5-min 60 Watt warm-up followed by a 30-s Wingate anaerobic test on a cycle ergometer after ingestion of either 2 g taurine (LOWTAU), 4 g (MODTAU), 6 g (HIGHTAU) or placebo (PLA) 1 h before the test. Peak (PP) and mean power (MP) along with heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), capillary lactate and blood glucose were measured. LOWTAU did not affect PP, MP, HR, lactate and glucose compared to PLA (p > 0.05), while MODTAU improved MP and HIGHTAU improved PP and MP compared to PLA and LOWTAU (p < 0.05). MODTAU and HIGHTAU had little effect on HR, blood lactate and glucose (p > 0.05). A single dose of taurine (MODTAU or HIGHTAU) 1 h prior to competition or training would provide an ergogenic effect on subsequent power output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores the theoretical resources generated by a critical reading of deconstruction with the theory of social death. Both offer accounts of life and death in which life is dependent upon a certain form of death. What to make of that dependency? And what would it mean to exceed that dependency, in the mode of deconstructive supplementarity? I work these questions through three examples: John Locke's account of property and propriety, Immanuel Kant's notion of the categorical imperative, and G.W.F. Hegel's description of world history. In each, I identify how the argument turns on a figure of the slave – an unremunerated rhetorical and logical element that, when re-read under erasure, fails to buttress the system in which it is deployed and instead destabilizes the argument and its historical-cultural politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Dietary supplement (DS) use is common and increasing among older adults, though much data available on use frequencies are from surveys and performed cross-sectionally. This paper sought to assess the frequency and pattern of dietary supplement use among older adults over time. Methods A secondary analysis of data from the AAA LongROAD study, a longitudinal prospective cohort study of older adult drivers, using data from baseline and the first two years of follow up included a total of 2990 drivers aged 65–79 years recruited at five study sites across the US from July 2015 to March 2017. Participants underwent baseline and annual evaluations, which included a “brown bag” medication review. DS were identified and categorized according to type and key components. Prevalence and pattern of DS use over time and relationship to demographics were measured with frequency and Chi squared analyses. Results 84% of participants took at least one dietary supplement during the 2-year study period, and 55% of participants continually reported use. DS accounted for approximately 30% of the total pharmacologic-pill burden in all years. Participants who were White non-Hispanic, female, 75–79 years of age at baseline, and on more non-supplement medications took significantly more dietary supplements (P

Introduction: Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) are one of the common congenital anomalies leading to miscarriages and serious disabilities in newborns. NTDs are the second most common type of birth defects. Even though the aetiology of NTDs is multifactorial, Folic Acid (FA) deficiency is the most common cause. There are limited Indian studies on awareness of FA usage in the general public. Aim: To assess the awareness and usage of FA to prevent NTDs in young ladies of Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada (DK) district, Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted at Father Muller Medical College in Dakshina Kannada district, Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada (DK) district, Karnataka, India from August 2023 to October 2023. A total of 300 young Indian females aged 18-35 years, residing in the study district, were randomly chosen as participants. Data were collected by an interviewer using a semistructured questionnaire with two components. Part 1 focused on socio-demographic details, while Part 2 gathered information on the awareness of FA supplements, dietary sources of FA, the best time, and dosage of FA supplements to prevent NTDs. Descriptive analysis of the data was done. Results: The study included 90 married and 210 unmarried females. The average age of the participants was 23.7±5.7 years. The study results observed that only 103 (34%) of the participants had heard about FA supplements. A total of 240 (80%) of them said they were not aware of the preferred time for FA. Only 9 (3%) females could mention the correct dose of FA. Conclusion: The study results indicate a gross lack of awareness about FA supplements to prevent NTDs in the general population of the region.

β-Alanine (BA) is one of the most widely used sport supplements, due to its capacity to improve high-intensity exercise performance by increasing muscle carnosine (MCarn) content, and consequently, the buffering capacity of the muscle. BA is also available in a variety of animal foods, but little is currently known about the influence of dietary BA intake on MCarn. The aim of the current study was to compile a detailed summary of available data on the BA content of commonly consumed foods, and to explore whether associations could be detected between self-reported dietary BA intake and skeletal MCarn in a group of 60 healthy, active, omnivorous men and women. Dietary BA intake was assessed via 3-day food records, and MCarn content assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. A series of univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to explore associations between estimated dietary BA and MCarn. No evidence of associations between dietary BA intake and MCarn were identified, with effect sizes close to zero calculated from models accounting for key demographic variables (f² ≤ 0.02 for all analyses). These findings suggest that capacity to increase MCarn via dietary strategies may be limited, and that supplementation may be required to induce increases of the magnitude required to improve performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely known that the aging process induces relevant impairments on both muscle morphology and function. In this sense, resistance training alongside proper protein intake are important strategies to mitigate the sarcopenia process in older individuals. However, adding protein supplementation (PS) to resistance training interventions for enhancing muscle strength and functional performance has shown mixed results in this population. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the most recent evidence regarding PS and its effects on muscle strength and functional parameters of older adults. In addition, the effect size of each individual study (post–pre intervention) was also calculated to provide further clinical relevance on the topic. The results of the studies included do not seem to support PS for healthy older adults with proper protein intake. However, further studies with other sample characteristics (very old, frail, obese, and inadequate protein consumption) must be carried out to better understand the effects of PS in an older population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Introduction: Research has shown that the Covid-19 pandemic may have had negative effects on lifestyle factors of people in the UK, however research is limited in terms of the impact on people living with neurological conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's (PD) and spinal cord injury (SCI). This study explores the impact that the pandemic had on mental health and lifestyle factors such as dietary habits, supplement use and exercise in those with MS, PD and SCI. Methods: A cross-sectional, online, questionnaire study was carried out on a cohort of 134 people in the United Kingdom during the Covid-19 pandemic. Participants completed the questionnaire between June 2021–February 2022. Eligibility criteria included being over the age of 18 years, and declaring having been formally diagnosed with either MS (n=27, female=81%), PD (n=84, female=35%), SCI (n=23, female=61%). Results: 33% of participants reported an increased consumption of alcohol and 29% a decreased consumption of fruit and vegetables. However, 64% of participants reported no change in diet (p < 0.001). Vitamin D, multivitamin/minerals, probiotic and fish oil were the most commonly consumed supplements by participants. Although intake of any supplement was not significantly impacted by Covid-19 for the total cohort, by condition, and by sex, a generalised linear mixed model indicated SCI participants consumed more supplement types during Covid-19 than before (OR:1.98; 95% CI [1.04, 3.77]). Additionally, 29% of participants reported they contacted their families less than pre-pandemic (p=0.001), and 60% reported they experienced more fatigue since the pandemic. Open-ended questions added quality context to the categorical data. Conclusion: This study suggests that the impact Covid-19 has had on people with neurological conditions is complex and individual, yet the negative effects may be more pronounced than the general public. Overall, there were changes in lifestyle behaviours, some which may be detrimental to health and life quality in these already vulnerable groups. Therefore, these changes need to be considered in the aftermath of the pandemic.

Abstract Background Limited studies are available on vitamin D supplementation in dogs. This study evaluates the effect of a commercial vitamin D3 supplement on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D as well as selected biochemical and hematological parameters in healthy dogs. Eight intact male adult dogs with a mean body weight of 20 kg from mixed breeds were included in the study. After adaptation period, dogs received vitamin D3 supplement at the dose of 50 IU/kg body weight per day. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, 28 and 42 of supplementation. Food was used for analysis of vitamin D3 content. Results Significant increase in serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 was detected since day 14 of supplementation. Changes in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 concentration during time showed an upward significance (p

Background: This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate (CHO) doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of “exercise intolerance”, characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability—and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metabolic responses at the McArdle muscle cell (in vitro) level. Methods: Patients with McArdle disease (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 9) underwent a 12-min submaximal cycling constant-load bout followed by a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric placebo. In a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over design, patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO (glucose:fructose = 2:1). Cardiorespiratory, biochemical, perceptual, and electromyographic (EMG) variables were assessed. Additionally, glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotubes cultured with increasing glucose concentrations (0.35, 1.00, 4.50, and 10.00 g/L). Results: Compared with controls, patients showed the “classical” second-wind phenomenon (after prior disproportionate tachycardia, myalgia, and excess electromyographic activity during submaximal exercise, all p < 0.05) and an impaired endurance exercise capacity (–51% ventilatory threshold and –55% peak power output, both p < 0.001). Regardless of the CHO dose (p < 0.05 for both doses compared with the placebo), CHO intake increased blood glucose and lactate levels, decreased fat oxidation rates, and attenuated the second wind in the patients. However, only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold (+27%, p = 0.010) and peak power output (+18%, p = 0.007). In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotubes, whereas a dose–response effect was observed in McArdle myotubes. Conclusion: CHO intake exerts beneficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease, a condition associated with total muscle glycogen unavailability. Some of these benefits are dose dependent.

Abstract Background The association between vitamin D supplementation and the risk of falls in older adults has been controversial. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy of vitamin D, calcium, and combined supplementation in the prevention of falls. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of vitamin D in fall prevention were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to May 9, 2023. The network meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model in R4.1.3 and Stata15.0. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I 2 statistic, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Begg’s test, and Egger’s tests. Data were pooled and expressed as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 35 RCTs involving 58,937 participants were included in this study, among which 11 RCTs (31.4%) applied calcium combined with vitamin D. There was low heterogeneity (I 2 = 11%) among the included studies. Vitamin D supplementation at 800–1000 International Unit (IU)/d resulted in a lower risk of falls than placebo or no treatment (RR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.74–0.95). In addition, 800–1000 IU/d of vitamin D with or without calcium were more effective in preventing falls than calcium alone. High-dose vitamin D (> 1000 IU/day) increased the risk of falls compared with 800–1000 IU/d of vitamin D. According to the subgroup analysis, daily administration of 800–1000 IU/d vitamin D was associated with a 22% reduction in the risk of falls (RR = 0.78, 95%CI:0.64–0.92), whereas intermittent vitamin D administration had no preventive effect. Furthermore, 800–1000 IU/d of vitamin D also significantly decreased the risk of falls in old adults with ≤ 50 nmol/L 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (RR = 0.69, 95%CI:0.52–0.86) but not in individuals with > 50 nmol/L 25(OH)D. Conclusion Vitamin D supplementation at 800–1000 IU/d is associated with a lower risk of falls among older adults. 800-1000IU/d of vitamin D has a benefit on prevention of falls in population received daily dose regimens and in population with vitamin D deficiency.

Arabica coffee cultivation is limited by altitude, which affects its production. Some farmers in Jember Regency are innovating to grow arabica coffee in the lowland, but the potential for leaf rust disease is quite high. Plant natural resistance can be enhanced by adding minerals formulation (containing silica, iodine, and calcium). This research aimed to determine which phase is more effective for applying mineral formulation that induces plant resistance. The formulation was tested on arabica coffee plants grown at the lowland (460 masl) in Jember Regency on 12 years old (y.o) mature and 1 y.o immature plants. One formulation was dissolved in 14 L of water and applied by foliar feeding. The effect was analyzed using two-way T-test of two samples assuming unequal variances at 95% confidence level to determine the differences. The analysis showed that the plants supplemented with the formulation could increase the variables that supported the natural resistance of plants (both mechanically and through the production of chemical compounds), such as polyphenol content, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, total dissolved protein, vitamin C, reducing sugar, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and iodine content in the plant. The response of the formulation application showed that the most resistance variables was better in 1 y.o immature plants than in 12 y.o mature plants. The application of mineral formulation in immature phase will have a better impact on increasing natural resistance, and it has the potential to be used as a supplement for arabica coffee plants cultivated in the lowland.

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The current state of the literature lacks a clear characterization of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, gut microbiota composition, and general physical and mental wellbeing in well-trained athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize differences in self-reported symptoms, gut microbiota composition, and wellbeing (i.e., sleep quality, mood, and physical (PHQ) and mental wellbeing) between athletes with and without GI symptoms. In addition, we assessed the potential impact of a 3-week multi-ingredient fermented whey supplement in the GI complaints group, without a control group, on the gut microbiota and self-reported GI symptoms and wellbeing. A total of 50 athletes (24.7 ± 4.5 years) with GI issues (GI group at baseline, GI-B) and 21 athletes (25.4 ± 5.3 years) without GI issues (non-GI group, NGI) were included. At baseline, there was a significant difference in the total gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) score (24.1 ± 8.48 vs. 30.3 ± 8.82, p = 0.008) and a trend difference in PHQ (33.9 ± 10.7 vs. 30.3 ± 8.82, p = 0.081), but no differences (p > 0.05) were seen for other outcomes, including gut microbiota metrics, between groups. After 3-week supplementation, the GI group (GI-S) showed increased Bifidobacterium relative abundance (p < 0.05), reported a lower number of severe GI complaints (from 72% to 54%, p < 0.001), and PHQ declined (p = 0.010). In conclusion, well-trained athletes with GI complaints reported more severe GI symptoms than an athletic reference group, without showing clear differences in wellbeing or microbiota composition. Future controlled research should further investigate the impact of such multi-ingredient supplements on GI complaints and the associated changes in gut health-related markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress can damage tissues and cells, and their resilience or susceptibility depends on the robustness of their antioxidant mechanisms. The latter include small molecules, proteins, and enzymes, which are linked together in metabolic pathways. Red blood cells are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress due to their large number of hemoglobin molecules, which can undergo auto-oxidation. This yields reactive oxygen species that participate in Fenton chemistry, ultimately damaging their membranes and cytosolic constituents. Fortunately, red blood cells contain robust antioxidant systems to enable them to circulate and perform their physiological functions, particularly delivering oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. Nonetheless, if red blood cells have insufficient antioxidant reserves (e.g., due to genetics, diet, disease, or toxin exposure), this can induce hemolysis in vivo or enhance susceptibility to a "storage lesion" in vitro, when blood donations are refrigerator-stored for transfusion purposes. Ergothioneine, a small molecule not synthesized by mammals, is obtained only through the diet. It is absorbed from the gut and enters cells using a highly specific transporter (i.e., SLC22A4). Certain cells and tissues, particularly red blood cells, contain high ergothioneine levels. Although no deficiency-related disease has been identified, evidence suggests ergothioneine may be a beneficial "nutraceutical." Given the requirements of red blood cells to resist oxidative stress and their high ergothioneine content, this review discusses ergothioneine's potential importance in protecting these cells and identifies knowledge gaps regarding its relevance in enhancing red blood cell circulatory, storage, and transfusion quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:Methods:Results:Conclusions:Vitamin D is thought to be deficient in patients with bipolar disorder. The purpose of this study is to use latent profile analysis to identify the patterns of vitamin D levels in patients with episodes of bipolar depression, and to examine the relationship among these latent profiles and demographic and clinical characteristics.A total of 149 patients diagnosed with bipolar depression were selected in Guangzhou, China. Depression was evaluated by Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels tested at baseline and after two weeks of psychiatric treatment were included in the latent profile analysis to identify subgroups. P-trend analysis was used to assess the association between subgroups and depression improvement. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess the influencing factors of subgroups.A three-profiles solution was found to demonstrate the best fit [low-level profile (32.9%), medium-level profile (51.0%), and high-level profile (16.1%)]. There was a significant nonlinear relationship between depression improvement and vitamin D high-level profile, compared to medium-level profile (P for trend <0.05). In multinomial logistic regression analysis, baseline and post-treatment SDS scores, admission season, age, and body mass index significantly affect the profile membership.This study found that individuals with high levels of vitamin D showed a significant improvement in depression severity. However, those with low levels of vitamin D remained deficient, indicating a need for targeted vitamin D supplementation. Our findings may provide valuable insights for designing tailored vitamin D supplement interventions to address vitamin D deficiency in bipolar depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Limited studies are available on vitamin D supplementation in dogs. This study evaluates the effect of a commercial vitamin D3 supplement on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D as well as selected biochemical and hematological parameters in healthy dogs. Eight intact male adult dogs with a mean body weight of 20 kg from mixed breeds were included in the study. After adaptation period, dogs received vitamin D3 supplement at the dose of 50 IU/kg body weight per day. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, 28 and 42 of supplementation. Food was used for analysis of vitamin D3 content. Results: Significant increase in serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 was detected since day 14 of supplementation. Changes in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 concentration during time showed an upward significance (p < 0.05). Vitamin D3 content of the food was 2900 IU/kg dry matter. Changes in serum phosphorus levels were upward significant. No dog showed calcium or phosphorus levels above the highest reference level. Liver and kidney parameters remained in the reference range during the experiment. A gradual significant increase was observed in hemoglobin and hematocrit which was started from day 14. Vitamin D3 supplementation had no significant effect on neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes percent during the study. Conclusions: Vitamin D3 supplementation at 50 IU/kg BW daily, increases serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in healthy dogs fed with a diet containing proper amount of this vitamin. It also increases hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in a time dependent manner without inducing adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractThe dissolution (introduced by Isbell in [3], discussed by Johnstone in [5] and later exploited by Plewe in [12, 13]) is here viewed as the relation of the geometry of L with that of the more dispersed T(L) = S(L)op mediated by the natural embedding and its adjoint localic map γL: T(L) → L. The associated image-preimage adjunction (γL)−1 [−] ⊣ γL [−] between the frames T(L) and TT(L) is shown to coincide with the adjunction cT(L) ⊣ γT(L) of the second step of the assembly (tower) of L. This helps to explain the role of T(L) = S(L)op as an “almost discrete lift” (sometimes used as a sort of model of the classical discrete lift DL → L) as a dispersion going halfway to Booleanness. Consequent use of the concrete sublocales technique simplifies the reasoning. We illustrate it on the celebrated Plewe’s theorem on ultranormality (and ultraparacompactness) of S(L) which becomes (we hope) substantially more transparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was planned and conducted to comprehensively evaluate the attitudes and behaviors of university students regarding probiotic/prebiotic sources and supplements. A three-part questionnaire form was developed to assess the attitudes and behaviors of participants regarding probiotics/prebiotics. The probiotic sources mostly consumed every day were cheese types, yogurt, and buttermilk. In contrast, 95.2% of the participants had never consumed boza and 61.6% had never consumed kefir. As for the consumed prebiotic sources were analyzed, 15.2% of the participants consumed whole-grain/whole-wheat bread, 7.9% dried fruits, and 5.8% banana every day. The prebiotic sources that consumed rarely were asparagus, soybean, and artichoke. The rates of probiotic and prebiotic consumption for a specific reason were 18.3% and 16.2%, respectively. When asked about the specific reasons for consuming probiotic/prebiotic sources, the most common response was to strengthen immunity. The rate of participants who used probiotic supplements was 4.5%, whereas none of the participants reported using prebiotic supplements. The reason for using probiotic supplements was mostly to strengthen immunity. Brief information on probiotics and prebiotics provided in written and visual media may not be sufficient. It is important that information and awareness-raising activities are planned by the relevant authorities for the conscious choice of these sources and supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal supplements containing several types of plant sterols, vitamins, and minerals, are marketed for prostate health. In the majority of these supplements, the most abundant plant sterol is saw palmetto extract or its' principal component, beta-sitosterol. In terms of prostate health, previous work almost exclusively focused on the effects of beta-sitosterol on prostatic epithelium, with little attention paid to the effects on prostatic stroma. This omission is a concern, as the abnormal accumulation of collagen, or fibrosis, of the prostatic stroma has been identified as a factor contributing to lower urinary tract symptoms and dysfunction in aging men. To address whether beta-sitosterol may be promoting prostatic fibrosis, immortalized and primary prostate stromal fibroblasts were subjected to immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and image quantitation and analysis techniques to elucidate the effects of beta-sitosterol on cell viability and collagen expression and cellular localization. The results of these studies show that beta-sitosterol is nontoxic to prostatic fibroblasts and does not stimulate collagen production by these cells. However, beta-sitosterol alters collagen distribution and sequesters collagen within prostatic fibroblasts, likely in an age-dependent manner. This is a significant finding as prostate health supplements are used predominantly by middle aged and older men who may, then, be affected disproportionately by these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The U.S. Public Health Service and the Institute of Medicine recommend that all women capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 μg of folic acid daily to help prevent neural tube defects (NTDs). Hispanic women are at higher risk of having babies with NTDs than non-Hispanic White women. This study assessed multivitamin (MV) use, a main source of folic acid, among Hispanic women of reproductive age using a survey of solely U.S. Hispanic adults. Materials and Methods: MV use was assessed as part of Porter Novelli's Estilos survey, fielded annually through the largest online U.S. Hispanic panel, Offerwise's QueOpinas. During the study period of 2013–2022, 9,999 surveys were completed; selection was weighted to match the U.S. Census American Community Survey proportions. Log-binomial regression models were applied to estimate MV use trends by age groups, acculturation levels, and pregnancy intention. Results: Among 3,700 Hispanic women of reproductive age, overall no MV use increased from 39.3% in 2013 to 54.7% in 2022 (p for trend <0.0001), especially among Hispanic women aged 18–34 years and those classified as acculturated. Among women planning to get pregnant, daily MV use was 31.1% in 2013 compared with 18.7% in 2020–2022 (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Given the increase in no MV use among Hispanic women of reproductive age, targeted interventions may help reach at-risk groups for NTDs prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In patients with McArdle disease, which is characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability, pre-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) intake exerted beneficial effects on exercise tolerance and maximal exercise capacity. • Although not all outcomes followed the same pattern, CHO benefits on maximal exercise capacity showed a dose–response association. • A dose–response effect of exogenous glucose on lactate production was observed in McArdle mouse myotubes. This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate (CHO) doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of "exercise intolerance", characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability—and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metabolic responses at the McArdle muscle cell (in vitro) level. Patients with McArdle disease (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 9) underwent a 12-min submaximal cycling constant-load bout followed by a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric placebo. In a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over design, patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO (glucose:fructose = 2:1). Cardiorespiratory, biochemical, perceptual, and electromyographic (EMG) variables were assessed. Additionally, glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotubes cultured with increasing glucose concentrations (0.35, 1.00, 4.50, and 10.00 g/L). Compared with controls, patients showed the "classical" second-wind phenomenon (after prior disproportionate tachycardia, myalgia, and excess electromyographic activity during submaximal exercise, all p < 0.05) and an impaired endurance exercise capacity (–51% ventilatory threshold and –55% peak power output, both p < 0.001). Regardless of the CHO dose (p < 0.05 for both doses compared with the placebo), CHO intake increased blood glucose and lactate levels, decreased fat oxidation rates, and attenuated the second wind in the patients. However, only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold (+27%, p = 0.010) and peak power output (+18%, p = 0.007). In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotubes, whereas a dose–response effect was observed in McArdle myotubes. CHO intake exerts beneficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease, a condition associated with total muscle glycogen unavailability. Some of these benefits are dose dependent. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The association between vitamin D supplementation and the risk of falls in older adults has been controversial. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy of vitamin D, calcium, and combined supplementation in the prevention of falls. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of vitamin D in fall prevention were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to May 9, 2023. The network meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model in R4.1.3 and Stata15.0. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I2 statistic, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Begg's test, and Egger's tests. Data were pooled and expressed as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 35 RCTs involving 58,937 participants were included in this study, among which 11 RCTs (31.4%) applied calcium combined with vitamin D. There was low heterogeneity (I2 = 11%) among the included studies. Vitamin D supplementation at 800–1000 International Unit (IU)/d resulted in a lower risk of falls than placebo or no treatment (RR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.74–0.95). In addition, 800–1000 IU/d of vitamin D with or without calcium were more effective in preventing falls than calcium alone. High-dose vitamin D (> 1000 IU/day) increased the risk of falls compared with 800–1000 IU/d of vitamin D. According to the subgroup analysis, daily administration of 800–1000 IU/d vitamin D was associated with a 22% reduction in the risk of falls (RR = 0.78, 95%CI:0.64–0.92), whereas intermittent vitamin D administration had no preventive effect. Furthermore, 800–1000 IU/d of vitamin D also significantly decreased the risk of falls in old adults with ≤ 50 nmol/L 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (RR = 0.69, 95%CI:0.52–0.86) but not in individuals with > 50 nmol/L 25(OH)D. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation at 800–1000 IU/d is associated with a lower risk of falls among older adults. 800-1000IU/d of vitamin D has a benefit on prevention of falls in population received daily dose regimens and in population with vitamin D deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies related to the therapeutic effect of black garlic (BG) have been carried out on cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, dyslipidemia and other diseases. This investigation was conducted to examine the effect of BG supplements on the lipid profile and blood glucose of rats fed a customary diet (non-high fat diet). A fermented black garlic product was extracted by a maceration method and its phytochemical components were analyzed using LCMS. Black garlic extract was given to healthy rats with a normal feed for 14 days. Twenty-four rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats. As a control, group A was given aquadest (placebo), and groups B, C, and D were given BG extract at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW, 30 mg/kg BW, and 45 mg/kg BW, respectively. On day 15, blood was taken from the retro-orbital plexus of the rats to measure the total levels of cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C), Triglyceride (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose. Black garlic made by fermentation at 80oC for 8 days contained more monosaccharides, disaccharides and oligosaccharides than fresh garlic. Black garlic contained 32 types of organosulfur compounds, and the 5 most abundant compounds were allicin (5.813%), allin (4.993%), isoallin (3.77%), cycloalliin (3.163%) and (-) S-allyl-L-cysteine (2.022%). Black garlic extract administration was able to maintain blood glucose homeostasis in rats fed a normal diet (non-high fat diet). Levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C were significantly decreased in groups administered black garlic compared to the control group, whilst the level of HDL-C increased significantly in groups administered black garlic compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabica coffee cultivation is limited by altitude, which affects its production. Some farmers in Jember Regency are innovating to grow arabica coffee in the lowland, but the potential for leaf rust disease is quite high. Plant natural resistance can be enhanced by adding minerals formulation (containing silica, iodine, and calcium). This research aimed to determine which phase is more effective for applying mineral formulation that induces plant resistance. The formulation was tested on arabica coffee plants grown at the lowland (460 masl) in Jember Regency on 12 years old (y.o) mature and 1 y.o immature plants. One formulation was dissolved in 14 L of water and applied by foliar feeding. The effect was analyzed using two-way T-test of two samples assuming unequal variances at 95% confidence level to determine the differences. The analysis showed that the plants supplemented with the formulation could increase the variables that supported the natural resistance of plants (both mechanically and through the production of chemical compounds), such as polyphenol content, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, total dissolved protein, vitamin C, reducing sugar, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and iodine content in the plant. The response of the formulation application showed that the most resistance variables was better in 1 y.o immature plants than in 12 y.o mature plants. The application of mineral formulation in immature phase will have a better impact on increasing natural resistance, and it has the potential to be used as a supplement for arabica coffee plants cultivated in the lowland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Academic Research in Nursing (JAREN) is the property of Hemsirelikte Egitim ve Arastirma Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionGalacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are well-substantiated prebiotic substrates. Multiple studies have demonstrated a positive impact of GOS on gut microbiota composition and activity, so-far mainly related to Bifidobacterium. However, data on the beneficial impact at lower dosages in a healthy female population are limited. The primary aim of the current study was to reveal the effect of low dosages (1.3 and 2.0 g) of GOS on fecal Bifidobacterium abundance in healthy women. Other outcomes included the effect of low dosage of GOS on overall fecal microbiota composition and on self-perceived GI comfort, sleep quality and mental wellbeing.MethodEighty-eight healthy women (42–70 years, BMI 18.7–30 kg/m2) were included in this randomized, parallel, double-blind study of 6 weeks. The participants were stratified for fiber intake, BMI and age and randomized to consume either 1.3 or 2.0 g of GOS per day for 3 weeks after a control period of 3 weeks without any intervention. Fecal samples were collected for shotgun metagenomics sequencing at the start (t = −3) and end (t = 0) of the control period and at the end of the intervention period (t = 3). Self-perceived gut comfort, sleep quality, and mental wellbeing were assessed weekly. Hierarchical clustering of principal components was applied to data collected from study participants.ResultsThe relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in feces increased significantly after 3 weeks of daily consumption of both 1.3 g (p

The aim of this short note is to prove that if G is a (homomorphic images of a) soluble periodic linear group and N is a locally nilpotent normal subgroup of G such that N and G / N {G/N} have no isomorphic G-chief factors, then two supplements to N in G are conjugate provided that they have the same intersection with N. This result follows from well-known theorems in the theory of Schunck classes (see [A. Ballester-Bolinches and L. M. Ezquerro, On conjugacy of supplements of normal subgroups of finite groups, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 89 2014, 2, 293–299]), and it appeared as the main theorem of [C. Parker and P. Rowley, A note on conjugacy of supplements in finite soluble groups, Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 42 2010, 3, 417–419]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) are one of the common congenital anomalies leading to miscarriages and serious disabilities in newborns. NTDs are the second most common type of birth defects. Even though the aetiology of NTDs is multifactorial, Folic Acid (FA) deficiency is the most common cause. There are limited Indian studies on awareness of FA usage in the general public. Aim: To assess the awareness and usage of FA to prevent NTDs in young ladies of Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada (DK) district, Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: It was a community-based crosssectional study conducted at Father Muller Medical College in Dakshina Kannada district, Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada (DK) district, Karnataka, India from August 2023 to October 2023. A total of 300 young Indian females aged 18-35 years, residing in the study district, were randomly chosen as participants. Data were collected by an interviewer using a semistructured questionnaire with two components. Part 1 focused on sociodemographic details, while Part 2 gathered information on the awareness of FA supplements, dietary sources of FA, the best time, and dosage of FA supplements to prevent NTDs. Descriptive analysis of the data was done. Results: The study included 90 married and 210 unmarried females. The average age of the participants was 23.7±5.7 years. The study results observed that only 103 (34%) of the participants had heard about FA supplements. A total of 240 (80%) of them said they were not aware of the preferred time for FA. Only 9 (3%) females could mention the correct dose of FA. Conclusion: The study results indicate a gross lack of awareness about FA supplements to prevent NTDs in the general population of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pregnancy represents a period in which rapid bodily changes occur, which include a wide range of physiological interactions occurring in both the mother and the developing foetus. The role of vitamin D3 metabolism within pregnancy is an over-shadowed but very important aspect for the normal and healthy muscoskeletal development of the foetus and for the various alternative functions associated with vitamin D3 for the pregnant female. The purpose: To provide a detailed understanding ofhe current status of vitamin D3 and the role it has within pregnancy and to identify the efficacy and the wide range of effects that vitamin D3 has for both the mother and foetus. Materials and methods: We conducted a review of the available literature at PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, which included observational studies, prospective and controlled trials, reports and guidelines for appropriate dosages of vitamin D3 to be used within pregnant females. Results and Discussion: Our review of the scientific literature showed evidence of the benefits of vitamin D3 within pregnant women and the effect, if any, on the numerous physiological processes taking place within both the mother and the foetus. We found data indicating that vitamin D3 can prove to be very important in preventingreeclampsia, gestational diabetes and congenital malformations of the foetus. Conclusion: The administration of vitamin D3 may be a potential technique to prevent complications to the mother and the developing foetus both during and after pregnancy, either solely or as a combined therapy.

Abstract Background A new commercially available sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplement claims to limit gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort and increase extracellular buffering capacity. To date, no available data exists to substantiate such claims. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure blood acid–base balance and GI discomfort responses following the ingestion of SB using the novel “Bicarb System” (M-SB). Twelve well-trained male cyclists completed this randomised crossover designed study. Maximal oxygen consumption was determined in visit one, whilst during visits two and three participants ingested 0.3 g∙kg−1 BM SB using M-SB (Maurten, Sweden) or vegetarian capsules (C-SB) in a randomised order. Finger prick capillary blood samples were measured every 30 min for pH, bicarbonate (HCO3 −), and electrolytes (potassium, chloride, calcium, and sodium), for 300 min. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to assess GI symptoms using the same time intervals. Results Peak HCO3 − was 0.95 mmol∙L−1 greater following M-SB (p = 0.023, g = 0.61), with time to peak HCO3 − achieved 38.2 min earlier (117 ± 37 vs. 156 ± 36 min; p = 0.026, r = 0.67) and remained elevated for longer (p = 0.043, g = 0.51). No differences were observed for any electrolytes between the conditions. Aggregated GI discomfort was reduced by 79 AU following M-SB (p

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus, a prominent non-communicable disease, presents as a chronic condition associated with various complications, including heart disease, nerve damage, chronic kidney disease, and dyslipidemia. A pivotal abnormality in diabetic dyslipidemia is insulin resistance, which stimulates the production of Hepatic VLDL1 (very-low-density lipoprotein 1). The resulting overproduction of VLDL1 is metabolically linked to an abundance of small, dense LDL (low-density lipoprotein) particles and a reduction in large, cholesterol-rich HDL2 (high-density lipoprotein). Conversely, vitamin E, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, acts as a remover of peroxyl radicals, preventing lipid oxidation and safeguarding polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) within cells and plasma lipoproteins. Method: This study investigates the impact of oral vitamin E supplementation on the lipid profile in diabetic patients. Employing advanced search techniques on databases like PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, we conducted a comprehensive literature search using MeSH terms, advanced search methods, and specific eligibility criteria. The results yielded one systematic review with a meta-analysis and two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the predefined PICO and eligibility criteria. Results: The systematic review and meta-analysis, along with one RCT, reported no significant reduction in lipid profiles with oral vitamin E supplementation in diabetic patients. In contrast, the other RCT observed an improvement in lipid profiles among diabetic patients receiving oral vitamin E supplementation. Conclusion: Supplementing with oral vitamin E does not enhance the lipid profile of individuals with diabetes mellitus.

A locale (frame) L has a largest spatial sublocale generated by the primes (spectrum points), the spatial part SpL. In this paper we discuss some of the properties of the embeddings SpL ⊆ L. First we analyze the behaviour of the spatial parts in the assembly: the points of L and of S(L)^op (∼=the congruence frame) are in a natural one-one correspondence while the topologies of SpL and Sp(S(L)^op) differ. Then we concentrate on some special types of embeddings of SpL into L, namely in the questions when SpL is complemented, closed, or open. While in the first part L was general, here we need some restrictions (weak separation axioms) to obtain suitable formulas

Abstract Background Adolescent athletes’ values ​regarding health behaviors, including their attitudes toward doping, are largely derived from those of their parents. Therefore, clarifying the factors that affect parents’ intentions regarding their children’s medicine intake and nutrition can help elucidate the process of forming values ​​of healthy behaviors in young athletes. Methods Between March 8 and March 9, 2021, an online questionnaire survey was conducted via an Internet research company; data from 2,000 residents in Japan were collected. Participants were male and female residents aged 30–59 years with children in elementary or high school and belonging to sports clubs. The survey items included respondent’s and child’s basic information, respondent’s health literacy, and level of sports in which the respondent and child were (or are) engaged. Respondents were also asked if they would like their children to receive prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, herbal medicines, vaccines, supplements, or energy drinks. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between respondents’ basic information and health literacy and their intention to receive prescription and over-the-counter drugs, herbal medicines, vaccines, supplements, and energy drinks. Results Higher parental health literacy was associated with higher children’s willingness to receive prescription drugs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.025, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.016–1.035), over-the-counter drugs (OR = 1.012, 95% CI: 1.003–1.021), prescription herbal medicines (OR = 1.021, 95% CI: 1.021–1.030), over-the-counter herbal medicines (OR = 1.012, 95% CI: 1.003–1.021), and vaccines (OR = 1.025, 95% CI: 1.016–1.035). Conversely, the children’s intention to receive energy drinks (OR = 0.990, 95% CI: 0.980–1.000) decreased significantly. As the child’s athletic level increased, parents’ willingness for their children to receive oral prescription medicines decreased (OR = 0.886, 95% CI: 0.791–0.992) and that to receive supplements (OR = 1.492, 95% CI: 1.330–1.673) and energy drinks significantly increased (OR = 1.480, 95% CI: 1.307–1.676). Conclusion Health literacy of adolescent athletes’ parents is associated with their children’s willingness to receive medicines. Healthcare providers should counsel parents of adolescent athletes to allow their children to receive necessary drug treatments and prevent doping violations caused by supplement intake.

Background: Vitamin D is a basic nutrient and plays a very crucial role in preventing various diseases, so it is known as an indicator of health and survival. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the serum level of vitamin D in women receiving vitamin supplementation in Persian Guilan cohort study (PGCS). Methods: In this analytic cross-sectional study that was conducted on PERSIAN Guilan cohort, 614 subjects from 5633 women aged 35 to 70 years old who were taking vitamin D supplements were selected through census method. Required data were collected in two sections of demographic and social characteristics and serum measurement 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 at three levels of deficient (20 ng/ml). Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. P

Coingestion of ketone salts, caffeine and the amino acids, taurine, and leucine improves endurance exercise performance. However, there is no study comparing this coingestion to the same nutrients without caffeine. We assessed whether ketone salts–caffeine–taurine–leucine (KCT) supplementation was superior to caffeine-free ketone salts–taurine–leucine supplementation (KT), or to an isoenergetic carbohydrate placebo (CHO-PLAC). Thirteen recreationally active men (mean ± SD: 177.5 ± 6.1 cm, 75.9 ± 4.6 kg, 23 ± 3 years, 12.0 ± 5.1% body fat) completed a best effort 20-km cycling time-trial, followed 15 min later by a Wingate power cycle test, after supplementing with either KCT (approximately 7 g of beta-hydroxybutyrate, approximately 120 mg of caffeine, 2.1 g of leucine, and 2.7 g of taurine), KT (i.e., same supplement without caffeine), or isoenergetic CHO-PLAC (11 g of dextrose). Blood ketones were elevated (p <.001) after ingestion of both KCT (0.65 ± 0.12 mmol/L) and KT (0.72 ± 0.31 mmol/L) relative to CHO-PLAC (0.06 ± 0.05 mmol/L). Moreover, KCT improved (p <.003) 20-km cycling time-trial performance (37.80 ± 2.28 min), compared with CHO-PLAC (39.40 ± 3.33 min) but not versus KT (38.75 ± 2.87 min; p <.09). 20-km cycling time-trial average power output was greater with KCT (power output = 180.5 ± 28.7 W) versus both KT (170.9 ± 31.7 W; p =.049) and CHO-PLAC (164.8 ± 34.7 W; p =.001). Wingate peak power output was also greater for both KCT (1,134 ± 137 W; p =.031) and KT (1,132 ± 128 W; p =.039) versus CHO-PLAC (1,068 ± 127 W). These data suggest that the observed improved exercise performance effects of this multi-ingredient supplement containing beta-hydroxybutyrate salts, taurine, and leucine are attributed partially to the addition of caffeine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACTProtein supplementation often refers to increasing the intake of this particular macronutrient through dietary supplements in the form of powders, ready-to-drink shakes, and bars. The primary purpose of protein supplementation is to augment dietary protein intake, aiding individuals in meeting their protein requirements, especially when it may be challenging to do so through regular food (i.e. chicken, beef, fish, pork, etc.) sources alone. A large body of evidence shows that protein has an important role in exercising and sedentary individuals. A PubMed search of “protein and exercise performance” reveals thousands of publications. Despite the considerable volume of evidence, it is somewhat surprising that several persistent questions and misconceptions about protein exist. The following are addressed: 1) Is protein harmful to your kidneys? 2) Does consuming “excess” protein increase fat mass? 3) Can dietary protein have a harmful effect on bone health? 4) Can vegans and vegetarians consume enough protein to support training adaptations? 5) Is cheese or peanut butter a good protein source? 6) Does consuming meat (i.e., animal protein) cause unfavorable health outcomes? 7) Do you need protein if you are not physically active? 8) Do you need to consume protein ≤ 1 hour following resistance training sessions to create an anabolic environment in skeletal muscle? 9) Do endurance athletes need additional protein? 10) Does one need protein supplements to meet the daily requirements of exercise-trained individuals? 11) Is there a limit to how much protein one can consume in a single meal? To address these questions, we have conducted a thorough scientific assessment of the literature concerning protein supplementation.