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Six Trypanosoma evansi isolates collected from ponies (PH1 and PK6), camel (CB2), donkeys (DJ3 and DH4) and cattle (CK5) from Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat states of India were used for molecular characterization of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1). The DNA was isolated from purified trypanosomes of these six isolates after propagation in mice model. ITS1-PCR of purified parasite DNA yielded an amplification product approximately 540 bp in size. Nucleotide sequence of ITS1 gene of CB2 isolate had 530 bp while CK5, DH4, DJ3, and PH1 isolates had 532 bp, whereas, PK6 isolates had 533 bp size. Blast data of the Indian isolates revealed 99 % homology with other available sequences of T. evansi. Multiple alignment of nucleotide sequence of ITS1 gene variants from Indian T. evansi isolates with selected homologous sequences from GenBank revealed that nucleotide substitution mostly occurred at the position of 101–103, 218–223, 243–244, 301–396 and 470–480. The isolates PH1, CK5, DH4 and DJ3 were found more associated with T. evansi isolates from the Philippines, Thailand, Iran, Egypt and China, whereas, PK6 and CB2 isolates were related to each other and were phylogenetically distant from rest of the Indian isolates used in this study. Based on the ITS1 rDNA sequence, the Neighbour–Joining consensus tree indicated clear evidence of existence of genetic diversity among T. evansi isolates from India.

Quality of work life is a process of work organizations, which enables its members at all levels to actively participate in shaping the organization, environment, methods and outcomes. This value-based process is aimed towards meeting the twin goals of enhanced effectiveness of organization and improved quality of life at work for employee. The paper conducted study on work life quality of workforce in the banks of district Yamuna Nagar, Haryana where the aim was to find out the different factors which influences the job performance. The result of the study shows that there is high impact of quality of work life on the performance of the employees and out of the perceptual factors of quality of reward, management support, challenging work content and career & growth opportunity are the main factor which the employees think are the important factors of quality of work life which leads them to perform well.

Background: The technique of anterograde over a retrograde guide is considered to be more reliable and preferable in comparison to only retrograde one, for improving the success rate of retrograde intubation. As the prior technique requires a lengthy guidewire to negotiate the whole channel of a tube guide, we designed a side eye at one end of tube guide, which obviated the above requirement while maintaining the integrity of the whole channel assembly. The efficacy of this modified technique was compared with the conventional one for retrograde intubation procedure. Methods: In a prospective, randomised fashion, 98 cases posted for surgery of carcinoma buccal mucosa were included in this trial. These cases were randomised to the conventional (Group I) or the modified technique (Group II) for retrograde intubation. Intubation time (first attempt), total number of successful intubations, cause of failures and any associated side effects were recorded and compared between the groups. Results: The total number of successful intubations were significantly higher in group II (95.83%, 46/48 cases) as compared to group I (66.66%, 31/48 cases) (P

Nitrobenzene poisoning is a rare but fatal condition. It causes methaemoglobinemia (Fe 3+ ) and reduces oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells (RBC). Cyanosis develops and aerobic oxygenation is hampered. Though intravenous methylene blue is the specific antidote it is not available commonly. Here we are reporting two cases of acute nitrobenzene poisoning and the role of methylene blue to save life. Key words: methylene blue; nitrobenzene DOI: 10.4038/slja.v18i2.1319 Sri Lankan Journal of Anaesthesiology 18(2): 91-93 (2010)