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Background: As a multi-functional cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is advanced in endometriosis. Probiotics are known to be able to modulate/regulate immune responses through downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 (LIS-10506) is a novel probiotics strain derived from curd (a milk product which look like a yogurt) from traditionally made from buffalo milk or usually called by dadih from West Sumatra, Indonesia. This investigation intended to comprehend the impact of LIS-10506 administration on IL-6 expression in the endometrial tissue, serum IL-6 levels and endometriosis implant areas in mice model for endometriosis. Methods: This study conducted at the Animal Laboratory, Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya, Indonesia from January to June 2021. This experimental study was conducted on 32 adult female mice 12 weeks old divided into 4 groups in a completely randomized design with a posttest only control group design. LIS-10506 microencapsulation of curd was administered orally at a dose of 109 CFU/mice/day for 7 and 21 days. Serum IL-6 levels were assessed using IL-6 ELISA Kit for mice, IL-6 expression was assessed semi quantitatively according to the Remmele method and implant areas were measured by the area of hyperemia in mice's peritoneal wall. Result: This investigation revealed that the peritoneal IL-6 expression and implant area experienced a decrease. In summary, the administration of LIS-10506 could downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. This present study has demonstrated the effect of LIS-10506 on one of the pathophysiological pathways in endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Replacement of Lactobacillus spp. by anaerobic and facultative bacteria is central in pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis (BV). Oral metronidazole is currently recommended treatment. However, cure rate is variable. Probiotic supplementation was explored as alternative therapy. This study aimed to find out the effect of oral microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 supplementation on oral metronidazole 500 mg twice daily for the treatment of BV. Methods Twenty nine females with BV were treated with oral metronidazole and randomized into probiotic (Pro) (n=14) and placebo (Pla) (n=15) groups. Pro group received microencapsulated L. plantarum IS-10506 supplementation at 0.9x109 CFU, twice daily. Pla group received placebo twice daily. Cure is defined from Amsel criteria and Nugent score 0-3. Metronidazole was stopped if subjects were cured. Probiotic and placebo were continued for 4 weeks. Cure rate and mean Nugent score were assessed at baseline, end of week 1, 2 and 4. Results Mean Nugent score for Pro against Pla group were 8.07 vs. 8.07, 5.36 vs. 6.20, 4.07 vs. 4.93, and 3.57 vs. 4.33 respectively at baseline, end of week 1, 2 and 4. Cure rate for Pro against Pla group were 28.6% vs 20.0%, 50.0% vs 33.3%, 64.3% vs 40.0% respectively at end of week 1, 2 and 4. Mean Nugent score significantly decreased in both groups at end of week 1, 2 and 4 (p=0.05). Although not statistically significant, mean Nugent score was lower and cure rate was higher in Pro than Pla group at end of week 1, 2 and 4 (p>0.05). No adverse effect was recorded. Conclusion Oral probiotic L. plantarum IS-10506 supplementation in addition to oral metronidazole was safe and potentially better than oral metronidazole alone for the treatment of BV. Studies with longer probiotic supplementation and more subjects may be required to demonstrate significant effect of this combination treatment on BV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the therapeutic effects of probiotics in atopic dermatitis (AD) are known, the limited findings in adults are inconsistent. Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) IS-10506 was found to improve AD symptoms due to its immunomodulatory effects. To assess the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis Index (SCORAD), the serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin (IL)-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), forkhead box P3 (Foxp3+), and IL-17 levels in adults with mild and moderate AD after LP IS-10506 supplementation. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial comparing the microencapsulated probiotic (2 × 1010 CFU/day) and placebo (skim milk-Avicel) was conducted at an outpatient clinic on 30 adults with mild and moderate AD. The patients were divided into 2 groups with 15 patients each: intervention and control. The SCORAD score was significantly lower in the probiotic than the placebo group on the 8th week. The IL-4 and IL-17 levels were significantly lower in the probiotic than the placebo group. The IFN-γ and Foxp3+ levels were significantly higher in the probiotic than the placebo group. However, the IgE levels remained significantly unchanged. The administration of LP IS-10506 is effective for alleviating AD symptoms in adults owing to its immunomodulatory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 (LIS-10506) is a native Indonesian probiotic derived from fermented milk originating from Sumatera. Intestinal mucosa damage results from gastrointestinal tract infections. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the intestinal mucosa structure, following mucosal damage, was evaluated. The objective of this study to evaluate effect of Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 on accelerating the regeneration of the intestinal mucosa structure, using SEM. This study conducted on sixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: control group (K1); the group that received Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Escherichia coli O55:B5 (K2); the curative group, which received LPS Escherichia coli O55:B5 then probiotics (K3); the preventive group, which received probiotics six days before LPS Escherichia coli O55:B5 and continued probiotics (K4). The probiotics used were LIS-10506. Necroscopy was performed on days 3, 4, 6 and 7, and the ileum was analysed. SEM was conducted to evaluate the structure of the intestinal mucosa. SEM showed that the K4 group experienced the fastest mucosal regeneration on the fourth day. On the seventh day, examination of the ileum using SEM showed improvement in the intestinal villi of all groups. The conclusion, SEM showed that all groups underwent regeneration following mucosal damage. Probiotics accelerated the regeneration of the intestinal mucosa, and the best results were observed in the preventive group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: To test the effect of microencapsulation on the survival of two probiotic strains isolated from Dadih, Indonesian fermented buffalo milk, in a dynamic, computer‐controlled in vitro model of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract (TIM‐1), simulating human adults. Methods and Results: Free or microencapsulated probiotics, Lactobacillus plantarum IS‐10506 or Enterococcus faecium IS‐27526, resuspended in milk were studied for survival in the complete TIM‐1 system (stomach + small intestine) or in the gastric compartment of TIM‐1 only. Hourly samples collected after the ileal‐caecal valve or after the pylorus were plated on MRS agar (for Lactobacillus) or S&B agar (for Enterococcus). Survival of the free cells after transit through the complete TIM‐1 system was on average for the E. faecium and L. plantarum 15·0 and 18·5% respectively. Survival of the microencapsulated E. faecium and L. plantarum was 15·7 and 84·5% respectively. The free cells were further assessed in only the gastric compartment of TIM‐1. E. faecium and L. plantarum showed an average survival of 39 and 32%, respectively, after gastric passage. Conclusion: There is similar sensitivity to gastric acid as well as survival after complete upper GI tract transit of free cells, but microencapsulation only protected L. plantarum. Significance and Impact of Study: Survival of microencapsulated L. plantarum IS‐10506 is increased compared to free cells in a validated in vitro model of the upper GI tract. It increases its use as an ingredient of functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background -- Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptide toxins produced by several genera of freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). In addition to potent acute hepatotoxicity, microcystins are tumour promoters and possible carcinogens. Exposure to microcystins is facilitated through water and food supply and it has been associated with the illness and mortality of animals and humans. Microcystin toxins are a drinking water quality problem as they are recalcitrant to conventional water treatment. With the ongoing concern regarding the addition of chemicals to our water supply, biological decontamination is becoming more attractive. Pilot studies have indicated that food grade lactic acid bacteria may have the ability to bind microcystin thus removing it from water and reducing the risk of harmful intake by humans. Objective -- In this study we used current and potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria to bind microcystin-LR from drinking water. Design -- Twenty strains of lactic acid bacteria were screened for their ability to remove microcystin-LR from water samples under a variety of conditions. For specific strains, the results for viable bacteria were compared with non-viable bacteria to determine if viability has a significant impact on toxin removal. Outcomes -- A significant number of study bacteria were found to remove microcystin-LR from drinking water. Heat and acid killed bacteria in some cases had lower removal when compared with other viable bacterium samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: HIV enteropathy may cause disruption of the intestinal barrier, leading to a loss of CD4+ T cells, increased intestinal permeability, and microbial translocation. Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 has the ability to improve gut barrier function. This study investigated the effect of L. plantarum IS-10506 on a number of biomarkers of enteropathy-related damage in HIV-infected paediatric patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ARV)., Materials and Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 2-18 year-old children, diagnosed as HIV infected according to the WHO 2007 criteria who had received ARV for ≥ 6 months. Subjects were excluded if ARV therapy was discontinued or the patients took probiotics ≥ 2 weeks prior to the study or during the study period. Subjects were randomized into a probiotic group and placebo group. The probiotic group received L. plantarum IS-10506 2.86 × 10 10 cfu/day for 6 days. Blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level, serum CD4+ T cell count, serum CD8+ T cell count, CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, and faecal sIgA level were assessed as biomarkers., Results: Twenty-one subjects completed this study. The blood LPS level decreased significantly in the probiotic group ( p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in absolute CD4+ T cell count, percent CD4+ cells, absolute CD8+ T cell count, CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, or faecal sIgA. No serious adverse events were reported., Conclusion: The probiotic L. plantarum IS-10506 reduced the blood LPS level but showed no effect on the humoral mucosa and systemic immune response in HIV-infected children undergoing ARV therapy.

Dadih is an Indonesian traditional spontaneously fermented buffalo milk, produced in West-Sumatra, which is nutritious and has health benefits. The mechanism of action behind the health benefits is largely unknown, but several probiotic strains have been isolated from dadih, which may contribute to its health properties. To identify the composition of its microbiota, two artisanal dadih samples (n = 8) were collected from four producers. The raw buffalo milk used for fermentation was either pasteurized (n = 4) or not (n = 4), and back-slopping was used as a starter-culture (n = 5) or not (n = 3). DNA was extracted from each sample in duplicate and the microbiota composition was determined by 16S-rRNA-gene amplicon-sequencing of the V3-V4 region. PCoA analysis showed clear separation of the samples by producer, but no separation due to pasteurization or use of back-slopping. Lactococcus (52-83%) predominated in all samples, followed by Klebsiella (5-26%), and Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacterium (particularly high (c. 18%) in the non-pasteurized, back-slopped product from Palupuh), Streptococcus and Leuconostoc. Back-slopping practice correlated significantly with higher abundance of Lactobacillaceae, Pediococcus, species of the order Burkholderiales, and Serratia, but with lower abundance of several other Enterobacteriaceae (including Klebsiella), Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcus and Brachybacterium. Pasteurization was not significantly correlated with the presence of certain members of the final microbiota. Taken together, fermentation results differ significantly from producer to producer and back-slopping practice would be advisable. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Using state-of-the-art methods we determined the microbiota composition of dadih, an artisanal, traditional fermented buffalo milk of West Sumatra with health benefits. We show that the artisanal practice leaves room for standardization and optimization with respect to the presence of potential pathogenic species in the final product. The Dadih Initiative in Indonesia aims to expand production of this health promoting product, and the findings help to determine important steps for potential food safety issues and good-manufacturing-practices to obtain a safe, nutritious and healthy traditional yoghurt-like functional food., (© 2018 The Authors. Letters in Applied Microbiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for Applied Microbiology.)

Background and Objectives: The human being is a complex entity, involving interaction between microbes and the human host. Evidence shows that the nutritional value of food is influenced in part by the structure and operations of an individual's gut microbial community, and food in turn shapes the individual's microbiome. A conference was held to promote understanding of the intestinal microbiome and its implications for health and disease, particularly among Asian populations., Methods and Study Design: Papers describing 1) the intestinal ecosystem in Asian populations, 2) changes in intestinal microbiota through life and its effects, 3) the Asian gut microbiota in disease conditions, 4) indigenous probiotics to maintain a healthy gut microbiota, 5) probiotic regulation in an Asian country, and 6) the results of a panel discussion are included in this report., Conclusions: The gut microbial inhabitants of Asian people differ from those of Europe and North America. Geographic location, diet, and ethnic background influence intestinal microbial composition. Urbanization and economic development have brought changes in traditional Asian diets, which in turn affected the gut microbiome, contributing to a shift in the region's health burden from infectious diseases to non-communicable chronic diseases. Novel probiotic strains of Indonesian origin demonstrated significant enhancement of humoral immune response in human studies. Knowledge gaps and implications for research to further understand the Asian gut microbiome were discussed.

Lactobacillus plantarum strains IS-10506 and IS-20506 isolated from Indonesian traditional fermented milk, dadih, were screened for their ability to remove the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) from aqueous solution (100 microg/L) at 22 and 37 degrees C. The objective was to study the main environmental factors influencing the metabolic activity of L. plantarum in MC-LR removal. Residual MC-LR was quantified using HPLC. Non-viable cells inactivated by boiling or acid showed only low MC-LR removal (<23 %). Viable L. plantarum strain IS-10506 at pH 7, at 22 and 37 degrees C was able to remove MC-LR, 64% and 43%, respectively, after 30 h. Strain IS-20506 at pH 7, at 22 and 37 degrees C removed 92% and 45 %, respectively, after 30 h. At 37 degrees C, the removal of MC-LR was lower than at 22 degrees C. Supplementation with glucose (1%, 2%, and 3%, w/v) resulted in faster and higher removal of MC-LR at 37 degrees C, while at 22 degrees C it did not improve MC-LR removal. In the presence of 1 % glucose, IS-10506 and IS-20506 demonstrated significantly the most efficient removal of 80% and 65% of applied MC-LR, after 25 and 20 h, respectively, at pH 7, 37 degrees C. Viable cells as well as active metabolism play important roles in removing MC-LR. This finding offers new and economical tools for decontaminating microcystin containing water.

Cell surface properties of dadih lactic acid bacteria strains were studied for adhesion to hydrocarbons (BATH) and aggregation abilities. Autoaggregation correlates with adhesion, which is a prerequisite for colonization and infection of the gastrointestinal tract by many pathogens, whereas coaggregation has been related to the ability to interact closely with pathogens. The results demonstrated significant differences in cell surface properties among the tested natural lactic acid bacteria food strains. Hydrophobicity increased when the cells were heat inactivated. All strains showed aggregation abilities with the pathogen strains tested, but the coaggregation properties were strain-specific. Our results indicate that the ability to autoaggregate, together with cell surface hydrophobicity and coaggregation abilities with pathogen strains, can be used for preliminary screening in order to identify potentially probiotic bacteria suitable for human or animal use. This study suggest the importance to identify and characterize bacterial cell-wall properties to understand their role in adhesion to hydrocarbons, autoaggregation and relation to coaggregation mechanisms, and also the relevance to future probiotic food development from natural strains.