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4. Gefitinib and Afatinib Show Potential Efficacy for Fanconi Anemia-Related Head and Neck Cancer

Author

Montanuy, H., Martínez-Barriocanal, A., Casado, J.A., Rovirosa, L., Ramírez, M.J., Nieto, R., Carrascoso-Rubio, C., Riera, P., Gonzalez, A., Lerma, E., Lasa, A., Carreras-Puigvert, J., Helleday, T., Bueren, J.A., Arango, D., Minguillón, J., and Surrallés, J.

Subjects
hemic and lymphatic diseases
Abstract

Purpose: Fanconi anemia rare disease is characterized by bone marrow failure and a high predisposition to solid tumors, especially head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients with Fanconi anemia with HNSCC are not eligible for conventional therapies due to high toxicity in healthy cells, predominantly hematotoxicity, and the only treatment currently available is surgical resection. In this work, we searched and validated two already approved drugs as new potential therapies for HNSCC in patients with Fanconi anemia. Experimental Design: We conducted a high-content screening of 3,802 drugs in a FANCA-deficient tumor cell line to identify nongenotoxic drugs with cytotoxic/cytostatic activity. The best candidates were further studied in vitro and in vivo for efficacy and safety. Results: Several FDA/European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved anticancer drugs showed cancer-specific lethality or cell growth inhibition in Fanconi anemia HNSCC cell lines. The two best candidates, gefitinib and afatinib, EGFR inhibitors approved for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), displayed nontumor/tumor IC50 ratios of approximately 400 and approximately 100 times, respectively. Neither gefitinib nor afatinib activated the Fanconi anemia signaling pathway or induced chromosomal fragility in Fanconi anemia cell lines. Importantly, both drugs inhibited tumor growth in xenograft experiments in immunodeficient mice using two Fanconi anemia patient-derived HNSCCs. Finally, in vivo toxicity studies in Fanca-deficient mice showed that administration of gefitinib or afatinib was well-tolerated, displayed manageable side effects, no toxicity to bone marrow progenitors, and did not alter any hematologic parameters. Conclusions: Our data present a complete preclinical analysis and promising therapeutic line of the first FDA/EMA-approved anticancer drugs exerting cancer-specific toxicity for HNSCC in patients with Fanconi anemia.

Published
2020

5. Novel somatic genetic variants as predictors of resistance to egfr-targeted therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer patients

Author

Riera P., Rodríguez-Santiago B., Lasa A., Gonzalez-Quereda L., Martín B., Salazar J., Sebio A., Virgili A.C., Minguillón J., Camps C., Surrallés J., and Páez D.

Subjects
Genetic variants, Predictive biomarkers, Case-control study, Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies, Colorectal cancer
Abstract

Background: About 40% of RAS/BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients undergoing anti-EGFR-based therapy have poor outcomes. Treatment failure is not only associated with poorer prognosis but higher healthcare costs. Our aim was to identify novel somatic genetic variants in the primary tumor and assess their effect on anti-EGFR response. Patients and Methods: Tumor (somatic) and blood (germline) DNA samples were obtained from two well-defined cohorts of mCRC patients, those sensitive and those resistant to EGFR blockade. Genetic variant screening of 43 EGFR-related genes was performed using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Relevant clinical data were collected through chart review to assess genetic results. Results: Among 61 patients, 38 were sensitive and 23 were resistant to treatment. We identified eight somatic variants that predicted non-response. Three were located in insulin-related genes (I668N and E1218K in IGF1R, T1156M in IRS2) and three in genes belonging to the LRIG family (T152T in LRIG1, S697L in LRIG2 and V812M in LRIG3). The remaining two variants were found in NRAS (G115Efs*46) and PDGFRA (T301T). We did not identify any somatic variants related to good response. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that novel somatic genetic variants along the EGFR-triggered pathway could modulate the response to anti-EGFR drugs in mCRC patients. It also highlights the influence of insulin-related genes and LRIG genes on anti-EGFR efficacy. Our findings could help characterize patients who are resistant to anti-EGFR blockade despite harboring RAS/BRAF wild-type tumors. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Published
2020

9. Integral management of Fanconi's anaemia patients in Spain

Author

Bueren, J. A., Surrallés, J., Casado, J. A., Callen, E., Jacome, A. A., Segovia, J. C., Navarro, S., Sevilla, J., Cantalejo, A., Cela, E., Garrido, G., Villegas, A., Benavente, C., Cervera, J., Muñóz, A., Martinez-Badas, M. P., Tapias, M., Sánchez-Calero, J., Villa, A. Rodriguez, Ferro, T., Talavera, M., Badell, I., Estella, J., Dasí, A., Ortega, J. J., and Madero, L.

Published
2004

20. Statistical models to study subtoxic concentrations for some standard mutagens in three colon cancer cell lines

Author

Xavier Bardina, Fernández, L., Piñeiro, E., Surrallés, J., and Velázquez, A.

Subjects
Inverse regression problem, endocrine system, Inference, Inferència, Confidence interval, 62 Statistics::62J Linear inference, regression [Classificació AMS], food and beverages, Subtoxic concentration
Abstract

The aim of this work is to propose models to study the toxic effect of different concentrations of some standard mutagens in different colon cancer cell lines. We find estimates and, by means of an inverse regression problem, confidence intervals for the subtoxic concentration, that is the concentration that reduces by thirty percent the number of colonies obtained in the absence of mutagen.

Published
2006

21. A common founder mutation in FANCA underlies the world's highest prevalence of Fanconi anemia in Gypsy families from Spain

Author

Callén E, Casado JA, Tischkowitz MD, Bueren JA, Creus A, Marcos R, Estelles A, Estella JM, Muñoz A, Ortega JJ, de Winter J, Joenje H, Schindler D, Hanenberg H, Hodgson SV, Mathew CG, and Surrallés J

Subjects
hemic and lymphatic diseases
Abstract

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disease characterized by bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition. Here we have identified Spanish Gypsies as the ethnic group with the world's highest prevalence of FA (carrier frequency of 1/64-1/70). DNA sequencing of the FANCA gene in 8 unrelated Spanish Gypsy FA families after retroviral subtyping revealed a homozygous FANCA mutation (295C>T) leading to FANCA truncation and FA pathway disruption. This mutation appeared specific for Spanish Gypsies as it is not found in other Gypsy patients with FA from Hungary, Germany, Slovakia, and Ireland. Haplotype analysis showed that Spanish Gypsy patients all share the same haplotype. Our data thus suggest that the high incidence of FA among Spanish Gypsies is due to an ancestral founder mutation in FANCA that originated in Spain less than 600 years ago. The high carrier frequency makes the Spanish Gypsies a population model to study FA heterozygote mutations in cancer.

Published
2005

22. Exploring the link between MORF4L1 and risk of breast cancer

Author

Martrat, G. (Griselda), Maxwell, C.A. (Christopher), Tominaga, E. (Emiko), Porta-de-la-Riva, M. (Montserrat), Bonifaci, N. (Núria), Gómez-Baldó, L. (Laia), Bogliolo, M. (Massimo), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Blanco, I. (Ignacio), Brunet, J. (Joan), Aguilar, H. (Helena), Fernández-Rodríguez, J. (Juana), Seal, S. (Sheila), Renwick, A. (Anthony), Rahman, N. (Nazneen), Kühl, J. (Julia), Neveling, K. (Kornelia), Schindler, D. (Detlev), Ramírez, M.J. (María), Castellà, M. (María), Hernández, G. (Gonzalo), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Peock, S. (Susan), Cook, M. (Margaret), Oliver, C.T. (Clare), Frost, D. (Debra), Platte, R. (Radka), Evans, D.G. (Gareth), Lalloo, F. (Fiona), Eeles, R. (Rosalind), Izatt, L. (Louise), Chu, C. (Chengbin), Davidson, R. (Rosemarie), Ong, K., Douglas, F. (Fiona), Hodgson, S.V. (Shirley), Brewer, C. (Carole), Morrison, P.J. (Patrick), Porteous, M.E. (Mary), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Zaffaroni, D. (Daniela), Roversi, G. (Gaia), Barile, M. (Monica), Viel, A. (Alessandra), Pasini, B. (Barbara), Ottini, L. (Laura), Putignano, A.L., Savarese, A. (Antonella), Bernard, L. (Loris), Radice, P. (Paolo), Healey, S. (Sue), Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Chen, X. (Xiaoqing), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Rookus, M.A. (Matti), Verhoef, S., Tilanus-Linthorst, M.M.A. (Madeleine), Vreeswijk, M.P. (Maaike), Bodmer, D. (Danielle), Ausems, M.G.E.M. (Margreet), Os, T.A.M. (Theo) van, Blok, M.J. (Marinus), Meijers-Heijboer, E.J. (Hanne), Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Goldgar, D. (David), Buys, S.S. (Saundra), John, E.M. (Esther), Miron, A. (Alexander), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Daly, M.J. (Mark), Harbst, K. (Katja), Borg, Å. (Åke), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Barbany-Bustinza, G. (Gisela), Ehrencrona, H. (Hans), Stenmark-Askmalm, M. (M.), Kaufman, B. (Bella), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Milgrom, R. (Roni), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Rebbeck, R. (Timothy), Johannson, O.T. (Oskar), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Wang, X. (Xing), Fredericksen, Z. (Zachary), Cuadras, D. (Daniel), Moreno, V. (Víctor), Pientka, F.K. (Friederike), Depping, R. (Reinhard), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Osorio, A. (Ana), Benítez, J. (Javier), Bueren, J. (Juan), Heikinen, T. (Tuomas), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Hamann, U. (Ute), Torres, D. (Diana), Caligo, M.A. (Maria), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Sinilnikova, O. (Olga), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), Verny-Pierre, C. (Carole), Castera, L. (Laurent), Pauw, A. (Antoine) de, Bignon, Y.-J. (Yves-Jean), Uhrhammer, N. (Nancy), Peyrat, J.-P., Vennin, P. (Philippe), Ferrer, S.F., Collonge-Rame, M.-A., Mortemousque, I. (Isabelle), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Pereira-Smith, O.M. (Olivia), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Cerón, J. (Julián), Surrallés, J. (Jordi), Pujana, M.A. (Miguel), Asperen, C.J. (Christi) van, Martrat, G. (Griselda), Maxwell, C.A. (Christopher), Tominaga, E. (Emiko), Porta-de-la-Riva, M. (Montserrat), Bonifaci, N. (Núria), Gómez-Baldó, L. (Laia), Bogliolo, M. (Massimo), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Blanco, I. (Ignacio), Brunet, J. (Joan), Aguilar, H. (Helena), Fernández-Rodríguez, J. (Juana), Seal, S. (Sheila), Renwick, A. (Anthony), Rahman, N. (Nazneen), Kühl, J. (Julia), Neveling, K. (Kornelia), Schindler, D. (Detlev), Ramírez, M.J. (María), Castellà, M. (María), Hernández, G. (Gonzalo), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Peock, S. (Susan), Cook, M. (Margaret), Oliver, C.T. (Clare), Frost, D. (Debra), Platte, R. (Radka), Evans, D.G. (Gareth), Lalloo, F. (Fiona), Eeles, R. (Rosalind), Izatt, L. (Louise), Chu, C. (Chengbin), Davidson, R. (Rosemarie), Ong, K., Douglas, F. (Fiona), Hodgson, S.V. (Shirley), Brewer, C. (Carole), Morrison, P.J. (Patrick), Porteous, M.E. (Mary), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Peissel, B. (Bernard), Zaffaroni, D. (Daniela), Roversi, G. (Gaia), Barile, M. (Monica), Viel, A. (Alessandra), Pasini, B. (Barbara), Ottini, L. (Laura), Putignano, A.L., Savarese, A. (Antonella), Bernard, L. (Loris), Radice, P. (Paolo), Healey, S. (Sue), Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Chen, X. (Xiaoqing), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Rookus, M.A. (Matti), Verhoef, S., Tilanus-Linthorst, M.M.A. (Madeleine), Vreeswijk, M.P. (Maaike), Bodmer, D. (Danielle), Ausems, M.G.E.M. (Margreet), Os, T.A.M. (Theo) van, Blok, M.J. (Marinus), Meijers-Heijboer, E.J. (Hanne), Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Goldgar, D. (David), Buys, S.S. (Saundra), John, E.M. (Esther), Miron, A. (Alexander), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Daly, M.J. (Mark), Harbst, K. (Katja), Borg, Å. (Åke), Rantala, J. (Johanna), Barbany-Bustinza, G. (Gisela), Ehrencrona, H. (Hans), Stenmark-Askmalm, M. (M.), Kaufman, B. (Bella), Laitman, Y. (Yael), Milgrom, R. (Roni), Friedman, E. (Eitan), Domchek, S.M. (Susan), Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Rebbeck, R. (Timothy), Johannson, O.T. (Oskar), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Wang, X. (Xing), Fredericksen, Z. (Zachary), Cuadras, D. (Daniel), Moreno, V. (Víctor), Pientka, F.K. (Friederike), Depping, R. (Reinhard), Caldes, T. (Trinidad), Osorio, A. (Ana), Benítez, J. (Javier), Bueren, J. (Juan), Heikinen, T. (Tuomas), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Hamann, U. (Ute), Torres, D. (Diana), Caligo, M.A. (Maria), Godwin, A.K. (Andrew), Imyanitov, E.N. (Evgeny), Janavicius, R. (Ramunas), Sinilnikova, O. (Olga), Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (Dominique), Mazoyer, S. (Sylvie), Verny-Pierre, C. (Carole), Castera, L. (Laurent), Pauw, A. (Antoine) de, Bignon, Y.-J. (Yves-Jean), Uhrhammer, N. (Nancy), Peyrat, J.-P., Vennin, P. (Philippe), Ferrer, S.F., Collonge-Rame, M.-A., Mortemousque, I. (Isabelle), McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Pereira-Smith, O.M. (Olivia), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Cerón, J. (Julián), Surrallés, J. (Jordi), Pujana, M.A. (Miguel), and Asperen, C.J. (Christi) van

Abstract

Introduction: Proteins encoded by Fanconi anemia (FA) and/or breast cancer (BrCa) susceptibility genes cooperate in a common DNA damage repair signaling pathway. To gain deeper insight into this pathway and its influence on cancer risk, we searched for novel components through protein physical interaction screens.Methods: Protein physical interactions were screened using the yeast two-hybrid system. Co-affinity purifications and endogenous co-immunoprecipitation assays were perform

Published
2011
Full Text
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23. Exploring the link between MORF4L1 and risk of breast cancer

Author

Martrat, G, Maxwell, C, Tominaga, E, Porta de la Riva, M, Bonifaci, N, Gómez Baldó, L, Bogliolo, M, Lázaro, C, Blanco, I, Brunet, J, Aguilar, H, Fernández Rodríguez, J, Seal, S, Renwick, A, Rahman, N, Kühl, J, Neveling, K, Schindler, D, Ramírez, M, Castellà, M, Hernández, G, Embrace, Easton, D, Peock, S, Cook, M, Oliver, C, Frost, D, Platte, R, Evans, D, Lalloo, F, Eeles, R, Izatt, L, Chu, C, Davidson, R, Ong, K, Cook, J, Douglas, F, Hodgson, S, Brewer, C, Morrison, P, Porteous, M, Peterlongo, P, Manoukian, S, Peissel, B, Zaffaroni, D, Roversi, G, Barile, M, Viel, A, Pasini, B, Ottini, L, Putignano, A, Savarese, A, Bernard, L, Radice, P, Healey, S, Spurdle, A, Chen, X, Beesley, J, Rookus, M, Verhoef, S, Tilanus Linthorst, M, Vreeswijk, M, Asperen, C, Bodmer, D, Ausems, M, van Os, T, Blok, M, Meijers Heijboer, H, Hogervorst, F, Goldgar, D, Buys, S, John, E, Miron, A, Southey, M, Daly, M, Harbst, K, Borg, A, Rantala, J, Barbany Bustinza, G, Ehrencrona, H, Stenmark Askmalm, M, Kaufman, B, Laitman, Y, Milgrom, R, Friedman, E, Domchek, S, Nathanson, K, Rebbeck, T, Johannsson, O, Couch, F, Wang, X, Fredericksen, Z, Cuadras, D, Moreno, V, Pientka, F, Depping, R, Caldés, T, Osorio, A, Benítez, J, Bueren, J, Heikkinen, T, Nevanlinna, H, Hamann, U, Torres, D, Caligo, M, Godwin, A, Imyanitov, E, Janavicius, R, Sinilnikova, O, Stoppa Lyonnet, D, Mazoyer, S, Verny Pierre, C, Castera, L, de Pauw, A, Bignon, Y, Uhrhammer, N, Peyrat, J, Vennin, P, Ferrer, S, Collonge Rame, M, Mortemousque, I, Mcguffog, L, Chenevix Trench, G, Pereira Smith, O, Antoniou, A, Cerón, J, Tominaga, K, Surrallés, J, Pujana, M, Maxwell, CM, Ramírez, MJ, Easton, DF, Oliver, CT, Evans, DG, Chu ,C, Ong, KR, Morrison, PJ, Putignano, AL, Rookus, MA, Tilanus Linthorst, MA, Vreeswijk, MP, Asperen, CJ, Ausems, MG, van Os, TA, Blok, MJ, Meijers Heijboer, HE, Hogervorst, FB, Goldgar, DE, John, EM, Daly, MB, Domchek, SM, Nathanson, KL, Rebbeck, TR, Johannsson, OT, Couch, FJ, Pientka, FK, Caligo, MA, Godwin, AK, Imyanitov, EN, Sinilnikova, OM, Bignon, YJ, Peyrat, JP, Ferrer, SF, Collonge Rame, MA, McGuffog, L, Pereira Smith, OM, Antoniou, AC, Pujana, MA, ROVERSI, GAIA, Martrat, G, Maxwell, C, Tominaga, E, Porta de la Riva, M, Bonifaci, N, Gómez Baldó, L, Bogliolo, M, Lázaro, C, Blanco, I, Brunet, J, Aguilar, H, Fernández Rodríguez, J, Seal, S, Renwick, A, Rahman, N, Kühl, J, Neveling, K, Schindler, D, Ramírez, M, Castellà, M, Hernández, G, Embrace, Easton, D, Peock, S, Cook, M, Oliver, C, Frost, D, Platte, R, Evans, D, Lalloo, F, Eeles, R, Izatt, L, Chu, C, Davidson, R, Ong, K, Cook, J, Douglas, F, Hodgson, S, Brewer, C, Morrison, P, Porteous, M, Peterlongo, P, Manoukian, S, Peissel, B, Zaffaroni, D, Roversi, G, Barile, M, Viel, A, Pasini, B, Ottini, L, Putignano, A, Savarese, A, Bernard, L, Radice, P, Healey, S, Spurdle, A, Chen, X, Beesley, J, Rookus, M, Verhoef, S, Tilanus Linthorst, M, Vreeswijk, M, Asperen, C, Bodmer, D, Ausems, M, van Os, T, Blok, M, Meijers Heijboer, H, Hogervorst, F, Goldgar, D, Buys, S, John, E, Miron, A, Southey, M, Daly, M, Harbst, K, Borg, A, Rantala, J, Barbany Bustinza, G, Ehrencrona, H, Stenmark Askmalm, M, Kaufman, B, Laitman, Y, Milgrom, R, Friedman, E, Domchek, S, Nathanson, K, Rebbeck, T, Johannsson, O, Couch, F, Wang, X, Fredericksen, Z, Cuadras, D, Moreno, V, Pientka, F, Depping, R, Caldés, T, Osorio, A, Benítez, J, Bueren, J, Heikkinen, T, Nevanlinna, H, Hamann, U, Torres, D, Caligo, M, Godwin, A, Imyanitov, E, Janavicius, R, Sinilnikova, O, Stoppa Lyonnet, D, Mazoyer, S, Verny Pierre, C, Castera, L, de Pauw, A, Bignon, Y, Uhrhammer, N, Peyrat, J, Vennin, P, Ferrer, S, Collonge Rame, M, Mortemousque, I, Mcguffog, L, Chenevix Trench, G, Pereira Smith, O, Antoniou, A, Cerón, J, Tominaga, K, Surrallés, J, Pujana, M, Maxwell, CM, Ramírez, MJ, Easton, DF, Oliver, CT, Evans, DG, Chu ,C, Ong, KR, Morrison, PJ, Putignano, AL, Rookus, MA, Tilanus Linthorst, MA, Vreeswijk, MP, Asperen, CJ, Ausems, MG, van Os, TA, Blok, MJ, Meijers Heijboer, HE, Hogervorst, FB, Goldgar, DE, John, EM, Daly, MB, Domchek, SM, Nathanson, KL, Rebbeck, TR, Johannsson, OT, Couch, FJ, Pientka, FK, Caligo, MA, Godwin, AK, Imyanitov, EN, Sinilnikova, OM, Bignon, YJ, Peyrat, JP, Ferrer, SF, Collonge Rame, MA, McGuffog, L, Pereira Smith, OM, Antoniou, AC, Pujana, MA, and ROVERSI, GAIA

Abstract

Introduction: Proteins encoded by Fanconi anemia (FA) and/or breast cancer (BrCa) susceptibility genes cooperate in a common DNA damage repair signaling pathway. To gain deeper insight into this pathway and its influence on cancer risk, we searched for novel components through protein physical interaction screens. Methods: Protein physical interactions were screened using the yeast two-hybrid system. Co-affinity purifications and endogenous co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to corroborate interactions. Biochemical and functional assays in human, mouse and Caenorhabditis elegans models were carried out to characterize pathway components. Thirteen FANCD2-monoubiquitinylation-positive FA cell lines excluded for genetic defects in the downstream pathway components and 300 familial BrCa patients negative for BRCA1/2 mutations were analyzed for genetic mutations. Common genetic variants were genotyped in 9,573 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers for associations with BrCa risk. Results: A previously identified co-purifying protein with PALB2 was identified, MRG15 (MORF4L1 gene). Results in human, mouse and C. elegans models delineate molecular and functional relationships with BRCA2, PALB2, RAD51 and RPA1 that suggest a role for MRG15 in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Mrg15-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts showed moderate sensitivity to g-irradiation relative to controls and reduced formation of Rad51 nuclear foci. Examination of mutants of MRG15 and BRCA2 C. elegans orthologs revealed phenocopy by accumulation of RPA-1 (human RPA1) nuclear foci and aberrant chromosomal compactions in meiotic cells. However, no alterations or mutations were identified for MRG15/MORF4L1 in unclassified FA patients and BrCa familial cases. Finally, no significant associations between common MORF4L1 variants and BrCa risk for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers were identified: rs7164529, P(trend) = 0.45 and 0.05, P(2df) = 0.51 and 0.14, respectively; and rs10519219, P(trend) =

Published
2011

42. Laser confocal microscopy analysis of human interphase nuclei by three-dimensional FISH reveals dynamic perinucleolar clustering of telomeres.

Author

Ramírez, M. J. and Surrallés, J.

Subjects
*TELOMERES, *CHROMOSOMES, *CONFOCAL microscopy, *PHOSPHORYLATION, *FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization, *CELL nuclei
Abstract

Nuclear functions are strongly dependent on the three-dimensional organization of the interphase nucleus. Given the importance of telomeres in the behaviour and stability of chromosomes, we have investigated the architecture of the human nucleus from the telomere perspective by 3D-FISH and laser confocal microscopy. We observed a randomly scattered telomere distribution in all confocal sections of the interphase nuclear volume with various levels of telomere clustering in different cell types. This distribution is independent of H2AX presence or phosphorylation status. We also observed that telomeres usually cluster at the periphery of the nucleolus following its cell cycle dependent dynamic formation but are never present in the interior of the nucleolus. These perinucleolar telomeric clusters contain the telomeres of the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes, explaining the p-arm association of acrocentric chromosomes frequently found in metaphase. Thus, chromosome positioning in metaphase spreads is tightly connected to the three-dimensional architecture of the interphase nucleus. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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44. Equal induction and persistence of chromosome aberrations involving chromosomes with heterogeneous lengths and gene densities.

Author

Puerto, S., Surrallés, J., Ramírez, M. J., Creus, A., and Marcos, R.

Subjects
*CHROMOSOME abnormalities, *GAMMA rays, *HUMAN chromosomes, *LYMPHOBLASTOID cell lines, *CHROMOSOMAL translocation, *CHROMOSOMES
Abstract

Little is known about the factors modulating the initial induction and persistence of chromosome aberrations. Chromosome length and gene density have been proposed to play a significant role. We have therefore analyzed the induction and persistence of γ-ray-induced aberrations involving four human chromosomes (1, 4, 18, and 19) with highly heterogeneous lengths and gene densities. Multicolor FISH was performed on a wild-type lymphoblastoid cell line 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 42, and 56 d after γ-irradiation. The frequency of induced chromosomal aberrations was proportional to the length of the chromosomes. Complex aberrations, dicentrics, and fragments were highly unstable and disappeared during the first week after treatment and with similar kinetics for all four chromosomes. The frequency of translocations decreased with time and followed an exponential decline. Thirty percent of the γ-ray-induced translocations were stable over the entire study period, irrespective of the length and the gene density of the chromosome involved. Accordingly, we concluded that the induction of chromosome aberrations is proportional to the length of the chromosome, that gene density makes no measurable contribution to induction, and that neither length nor gene density influences the persistence of chromosome aberrations. Copyright © 1999 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1999
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45. FISH analysis of 1cen–1q12 breakage, chromosome 1 numerical abnormalities and centromeric content of micronuclei in buccal cells from thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism patients treated with radioactive iodine.

Author

Ramírez, M. J., Surrallés, J., Galofré, P., Creus, A., and Marcos, R.

Subjects
GENETICS, HALOGENS, CELL nuclei, IODINE, GENETIC mutation, ANTINEOPLASTIC antibiotics, MITOMYCIN C
Abstract

One of the health consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident was a radioactive iodine-related increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in exposed children. This radioisotope is used in the treatment of thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism patients providing a convenient opportunity to study cytogenetic damage induced by known doses of radioactive iodine in treated patients. We used pancentromeric FISH on micronuclei and chromosome 1 tandem labelling FISH to monitor overall chromosome breakage and loss, 1q12 breakage and decondensation and chromosome 1 numerical abnormalities in buccal cells from 31 radioactive iodine-exposed hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer patients. The overall outcome of the study, with 250 000 buccal cells analysed, is that there was no radioactive iodine-related increase in the frequency of micronuclei, 1q12 breakage, 1q12 decondensation or chromosome 1 numerical abnormalities. In addition, neither age nor gender, health status nor radioactive iodine dose modulated the frequency of the above cytogenetic end points. Although several uncertainties of these emerging molecular cytogenetic methodologies will require further experimentation, we conclude that, at the reported exposure levels, radioactive iodine did not induce detectable chromosome damage in buccal cells from treated patients. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1999
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46. Position effect of translocations involving the inactive X chromosome: physical linkage to XIC/XIST does not lead to long-range de novo inactivation in human differentiated cells.

Author

Surrallés, J. and Natarajan, A.T.

Subjects
*CHROMOSOMAL translocation, *X chromosome, *CELL differentiation, *FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization, *HISTONES, *SEX chromosomes
Abstract

Given the reported long-range cis- inactivating effect of the XIST gene in early embryonic development and the lack of requirement of X-chromosome-specific elements for propagating the inactive state, there exists the possibility of cis inactivation of autosomal material after de novo translocation to an inactive X chromosome (Xi) in differentiated cells. We have analyzed de novo radiation-induced translocations between the Xi and autosomes to study the maintenance and spreading of X-chromosome inactivation (X inactivation) in relation to the position of the X-inactivation center (XIC)/XIST in differentiated cells. Autosome/Xi translocations were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The activation status of the chromosomes involved in the translocation was determined by simultaneous immunocytogenetic studies using antibodies against either BrdU incorporated at late S phase or acetylated histone H4. The position of XIC/XIST in the reciprocal products of the translocation was determined by XIST-specific FISH and computer enhancement. In other experiments, the Xq13 region carrying XIC/XIST was localized by computer enhancement of the DAPI banding pattern. Our study in differentiated cells provides a visual demonstration that physical separation from XIC/XIST does not result in reactivation of inactive X-chromosome material and that X inactivation is not spread to the translocated autosomes irrespective of the position of XIC/XIST. This observation suggests that physical linkage to XIC/XIST does not lead to de novo inactivation of autosomal material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998
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48. Role of GSTand NAT2polymorphisms in thyroid cancer

Author

Hernández, A., Xamena, N., Surrallés, J., Galofré, P., Velázquez, A., Creus, A., and Marcos, R.

Abstract

Genetic polymorphisms have shown to be susceptibility factors playing an important role in the development of most cancers. Nevertheless, as far as we know, only few studies have been conducted linking thyroid cancer incidence and GST polymorphisms, and no data are available on the possible association between NAT2 polymorphisms and thyroid cancer risk. The possible relationship between polymorphism at the GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and NAT2 genes and increased susceptibility to thyroid cancer has been evaluated in 176 thyroid cancer patients and 167 healthy controls, all from the urban district of Barcelona (Spain). The results indicate a clear role of the C481T change, present in several NAT2*5 alleles [odds ratio (OR)=0.58; 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=0.35–0.98]. Thus, those individuals carrying this change are less prone to develop thyroid cancer, mainly of the papillary type. In addition, there is a tendency towards the over-representation of the GSTM1 null genotype among thyroid cancer patients, particularly in those patients with papillary type tumor. The same is observed for the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes combination, and for other combinations with different NAT2 polymorphisms. The combinations involving the NAT2*6 and NAT2*7 genotypes showed the most important effect, and individuals carrying both alleles present a higher risk of thyroid cancer (OR=7.36; 95% CI=0.85− 63.47), mainly for the follicular type (OR=17.94; 95% CI=1.34–238.70). The combination of NAT2*5 with NAT2*7 was also found to increase 5.26 (95% CI=1.07–25.76) times the risk of thyroid cancer. In conclusion, our results show that NAT2 polymorphisms play a significant role in thyroid cancer risk modulation.

Published
2008
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49. Genotoxic evaluation of the herbicide paraquat in cultured human lymphocytes

Author

Ribas, G., Surrallés, J., Carbonell, E., Xamena, N., Creus, A., and Marcos, R.

Abstract

The widely used herbicide paraquat was evaluated for genotoxicity in peripheral blood human lymphocyte cultures. Sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE), chromosome aberrations (CA), and micronuclei (MN) were scored as genetic endpoints. Paraquat was administered either alone or in combination with an external source of metabolic activation. Our data indicate that paraquat induced slight but significant increases in the frequency of SCE. This genotoxic effect was not modified by cotreatments with S9 fraction from rat liver. However, paraquat did not increase the frequency of CA and MN, indicating that this bipyridylium compound is not effective in these assays, which would mean a general lack of effectiveness of the herbicide to induce clastogenic damage. In addition, cotreatments with the S9 fraction, did not modify the genotoxic ability detected in the SCE assay. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 17:339–347, 1997/98. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Published
1997
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50. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of buccal cells and lymphocytes from benzene-exposed workers.

Author

Surrallés, J, Autio, K, Nylund, L, Järventaus, H, Norppa, H, Veidebaum, T, Sorsa, M, and Peltonen, K

Abstract

Benzene is a well-characterized human carcinogen and clastogen still present in both the occupational and general environment. However, the levels of benzene encountered today are, in most cases, relatively low and new methods, more specific and sensitive than classical cytogenetics, are probably needed to assess if current benzene exposures pose a genotoxic risk to human health. Bearing in mind the leukaemogenic action of benzene, blood lymphocytes appear to be a suitable cell system for biomonitoring studies. Buccal epithelium is an alternative source of tissue for monitoring human exposure to inhaled occupational and environmental genotoxicants. New molecular cytogenetic techniques allowing us to specifically study clastogenic or aneugenic events in human cells may provide the additional sensitivity required. In the present study, fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to examine the content of micronuclei (MN) (using the pan-centromeric DNA probe SO-alphaAllCen) in lymphocytes and buccal cells and to detect numerical abnormalities of chromosome 9 (using a chromosome 9 centromere-specific alphoid DNA probe) in buccal cells from a population occupationally exposed to benzene in an Estonian petrochemical plant. Age-matched Estonian volunteers were used as a control group. Individual benzene exposure levels were estimated to be around 1 p.p.m. (8 h time-weighted average). No increases in the frequency of total MN, MN harbouring whole chromosomes or acentric chromosomal fragments or chromosome 9 numerical abnormalities were detected in relation to benzene exposure in the present study. The lack of positive results was consistent in both buccal cells and lymphocytes, indicating that the benzene exposure levels encountered did not induce detectable clastogenic or aneugenic effects in the exposed workers. Other variables and confounding factors, such as age, smoking or alcohol consumption, did not influence any of the multiple cytogenetic biomarkers analysed.

Published
1997
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