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OBJECTIVE To survey occupational health-related activities conducted at hospitals certified by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care in the Kanto region of Japan. METHODS The survey tool was sent to 470 hospitals and comprised the following items: hospital size, occupational health system, infection control practices, mental health services, promotion of work system reforms, and priorities in achieving occupational health. RESULTS A total of 140 hospitals completed the survey. A monthly workplace inspection was conducted in approximately 60% of the hospitals. Testing of new employees for hepatitis and four other viruses was conducted in approximately 65% of the hospitals, and influenza vaccination was administered to the employees in all the hospitals. Most hospitals provided mental health services to their workers, which included consultation with an occupational physician. Work system reforms for changing conference time and task shifting or sharing were adopted in approximately 50% of the hospitals. Prevention of blood-borne pathogens, respiratory infections, and healthcare coverage for healthcare workers was identified as areas of improvement in several hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Legally required infection control and occupational health-related practices were conducted in most hospitals. Additionally, several hospitals undertook work system reforms, including the management of changes in conference time and task shifting or sharing.

Previous research has identified that self-efficacy is an essential factor in the process of self-management; however, the evidence is lacking concerning factors influencing self-efficacy in low-income countries. Therefore, this study examined factors influencing self-efficacy. A validated survey tool was orally administered to 415 adults living with HIV. Many of the respondents, 82.4%, do not have a regular job while one-fourth (25.5%) of the respondents were from a rural area. A mean self-efficacy score, 19.76 ± 0.12 out of a maximum of 24 was identified. This self-efficacy score was positively correlated with age, educational level, income and job status, but negatively correlated with gender, residency and drug side effects. Income, residency in rural, and experiencing drug side effects were significant predictors of self-efficacy and explained 5.4% of the variance. Better income (β = 0.514, p = 0.029) was associated with a higher self-efficacy score but living in rural areas (β = -0.520, p = 0.043) and experiencing drug side effects (β = -1.246, p = 0.001) were associated with a lower self-efficacy score. The use of Individual and Family Self-Management Theory helps clinician and patients to work together to identify factors influencing self-efficacy and to intervene.

Background Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a prevalent clinical condition which is associated with a high burden of disease. The present study aimed to assess and compare the knowledge, perceptions, and clinical experience of general dental practitioners (GDPs), pediatric dentists (PDs), and other dental specialists (DSs) in Egypt about MIH. Methods Online and paper-based survey administration methods were used to collect the responses from Egyptian dentists regarding their knowledge, and perceptions about MIH. The survey tool focused on participants’ socio-demographics, clinical experience, perceptions, clinical management, and preferences for further training. The level of knowledge regarding MIH was compared among the three groups. Data analysis utilized Chi-square and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test using SPSS® Statistics Version 26. Results The majority of respondents had observed MIH in their practice (86%). The participants who had a postgraduate degree had a significantly higher knowledge score value (51.01 ± 5.74) than GDPs (43.05 ± 7.04) (p p Conclusions Dissemination of evidence on MIH to dental practitioners especially to GDPs is highly needed to assure confidence in MIH diagnosis at an early stage when it can be best managed.

BACKGROUND The transition from nursing student to newly qualified nurse is known to be challenging but research on the transition to children's nurse is limited. AIM To examine the experience of primary and secondary transitions among newly qualified children's nurses and to identify effective support strategies for this staff group. METHOD The study was supported by a literature review and conducted in a children's hospital in Ireland in 2017. A descriptive survey methodology was used. Data were collected using a validated survey tool. The purposive sample encompassed 81 nurses who had qualified as children's nurses from 2011 onwards. FINDINGS The transition to children's nurse was found to be a complex but generally positive experience and to require robust support. Transition lasted beyond the first year of practice and the transition experience was similar for all participants, irrespective of whether they had undergone primary or secondary transition. Preceptorship, transition and orientation programmes were reported to be beneficial support strategies. CONCLUSION Challenges are to be expected during transition and effective support strategies for new children's nurses are needed, as is further research in this area.

Consumer-grade side-scan sonar has become a versatile fisheries management tool. First applied to assess habitat, its use has expanded to surveying fishes in recent years. However, an important consideration is the skill and experience of users, which can affect both the accuracy and comparability of surveys. To this end, we characterized the ability of a small sample of novice users (N = 8) to identify Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula in imagery, as well as the effect of a 2-h training exercise on user performance. Prior to training, mean accuracy (expressed as the difference between observed and expected counts) among participants ranged from −2.6 to 1.3 fish and precision ranged from ±1.2 to ±2.4 fish, with the majority of participants underestimating the number of Alligator Gar present in the imagery. False positives (i.e., identifying Alligator Gar in imagery when none were present) were common among participants. Posttraining mean accuracy ranged from −3.1 to 0 among participants and precision ranged from ±1.6 to ±3.2 fish. The frequency of false positives was significantly reduced following training, and participants reported significant increases in confidence associated with image interpretation. The relatively high accuracy and precision we observed prior to training indicated that side-scan sonar can be easily incorporated into large-scale fishery monitoring efforts for Alligator Gar. However, our results also suggested that a rather minimal investment in training can further improve consistency and reduce uncertainty among novice users.

Objectives: To assess the readiness of hospitals in Riyadh to establish acute stroke centers by following the Australian Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Management. Methods: This study was a quantitative cross-sectional observational study conducted among hospitals in the central region of Saudi Arabia (Jan 2018 – April 2018). A self-administered questionnaire/survey tool was adapted from an Australian survey developed by the Stroke Foundation in Melbourne, Australia. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Appropriate statistical tests (chi-square and Fisher’s exact test) were used for bivariate analyses. Results: A total of 3932 stroke patient visits were recorded in 37 hospitals in the central region of Saudi Arabia. The most common limitations of acute stroke services were that 25 (67.57%) of the hospitals had no stroke unit and 21 (56.76%) had inadequate clinical staff. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were available in 32 (86.49%) and 36 (97.30%) hospitals, respectively. Only two-thirds of hospitals 25 (67.57%) followed protocols for rapid Emergency Department (ED) triage. Conclusion: We found that most of our hospitals were not fully prepared to address acute stroke management in a manner that was reasonably consistent with international guidelines. We recommend raising the hospital’s requirements a higher level to be in line with the stroke guidelines.

The background of this research is to know the background of the influence of the covid-19 virus and learning online on the education system for Islamic religious subjects whether the covid-19 virus which is now a resident throughout the world affects the learning system in Indonesia, especially subjects Islam and whether online learning media is a very appropriate medium to be applied to the teaching and learning system that exists during the current pandemic. The method used in this research is to use a quantitative method using a survey tool conducted to 100 people who were randomly selected with the survey tool, the data obtained will be able to represent the original data in the field and be able to find out the actual results. The thing that will be found in this research is how to find out the relationship between Covid-19 and the learning system and how this online learning system affects the learning system on Islamic religious subjects. Therefore, what variables affect it can be seen in this study. In this study will produce data that will be able to find out what variables affect Islamic religious subjects, especially the teaching and learning system in Indonesia and what variables affect the current pandemic, therefore variables must be determined carefully and can affect dependent variable. Keyword : The Covid 19 Virus, Online Learning, Education System, Islamic Subjects.

Aim: The present paper aims to discuss on the construction and validation of a survey tool for measuring knowledge of people of West Bengal regarding junk foods. Method: Questionnaire was selected as the data collection tool. The questionnaire was prepared on the basis of certain dimensions and initially it had 41 items. At first, the questionnaire was administered to a target population of 30 respondents. After the pre-test among 30 respondents the readability, discrimination indices, and difficulty indices were determined for ‘Knowledge’ questionnaire. Rejection criteria were set for each parameter and the final questionnaire was constructed with the items retained after validation. The reliability of the tool was confirmed by Test-Retest method. Result: Finally, the knowledge questionnaire retained 31 items. Reliability co-efficient was found to be 0.76090 which was significant. Conclusion: Validity and reliability of the knowledge questionnaire were well established. There were 31 items in the final questionnaire depending on the rejection criterion. The high reliability of the questionnaire was found. This questionnaire will help to find out the level of knowledge of people regarding junk food and its effects on health. Key words: Junk food, Food consumption, Knowledge.

Introduction. Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) Main Library is committed to providing excellent services. One of the activities is to understand the users’ needs. This paper investigates the users’ perceptions of UNNES Main Library services. The objectives of the study include; (1) determining users’ perception on library services quality, (2) Examining satisfaction level of library services, (3) Measuring users’satisfaction level based on Service Satisfaction Index. Data Collection Methods. The paper used a quantitative methods approach with questionnaires, involving 203 library users, selected randomly. Data Analysis. The data were descriptively analysed by using an online survey tool (SurveyGizmo.com). Results and Discussion. The results report; (1) Users were satisfied with library services quality, but less satisfied with book collections; (2) Satisfaction level of library services was satisfactory; (3) Average score of customer satisfaction was 2.89, within the interval scale of 2.52 to 3.27. Conclusions. Based on the findings concluded that user’s perceptions of UNNES library services were satisfied and furthermore, the UNNES library will continue to improve the quality of services until it achieves very satisfying results.

African immigrant women are underrepresented in health research on maternal mental health. Thus, there is a need to highlight successful recruitment strategies to engage African women in health-oriented research. This paper offers insights on recruitment strategies utilized in recruiting African immigrant women in Alberta (Canada) with infants 2 years of age or under for a survey study on maternal mental health. We recruited 136 African immigrant women. Most participants were recruited by using already established social networks in the community. Other successful strategies included referral from community partners (i.e., immigrant organizations, cultural association, religious institutions), participants, utilizing an online survey tool (i.e., Qualtrics), and through family and friend networks (i.e., word-of-mouth). This study evidently highlights the importance of utilizing multiple recruitment strategies to successfully meet the desired sample size for a survey study. We believe the lessons learned during the process of recruitment will be helpful for others working with other African immigrant women populations in Canada and in other Western societies.

Background Small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) are replacing or supplementing manned aircraft and ground-based surveys in many animal monitoring situations due to better coverage at finer spatial and temporal resolutions, access, cost, bias, impacts, safety, efficiency, and logistical benefits. Various sUAS models and sensors are available with varying features and usefulness depending on survey goals. However, justification for selection of sUAS and sensors are not typically offered in published literature and existing reviews do not adequately cover past and current sUAS applications for animal monitoring nor their associated sUAS model and sensor technologies, taxonomic and geographic scope, flight conditions and considerations, spatial distributions of sUAS applications, and reported technical difficulties. We outline a systematic map protocol to collect and consolidate evidence pertaining to sUAS monitoring of animals. Our systematic map will provide a useful synthesis of current applications of sUAS-animal related studies and identify major knowledge clusters (well-represented subtopics that are amenable to full synthesis by a systematic review) and gaps (unreported or underrepresented topics that warrant additional primary research) that may influence future research directions and sUAS applications. Methods Our systematic map will investigate the current state of knowledge using an accurate, comprehensive, and repeatable search. We will find relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as dissertations and theses using online publication databases, Google Scholar, and by request through a professional network of collaborators and publicly available websites. We will use a tiered approach to article exclusion with eligible studies being those that monitor (i.e., identify, count, estimate, etc.) terrestrial vertebrate animals. Extracted data concerning sUAS, sensors, animals, methodology, and results will be recorded in Microsoft Access. We will query and catalogue evidence in the final database to produce tables, figures, and geographic maps to accompany a full narrative review that answers our primary and secondary questions.

Purpose Evaluation of the medical profession at all levels has exposed episodes of gender-based role misidentification whereby women physicians are disproportionately misidentified as nonphysicians. The authors of this study investigate this phenomenon and its repercussions, quantifying the frequency with which resident physicians experience role misidentification and the effect this has on their experience and behavior. Method In 2018, the authors conducted a cross-sectional survey study of internal medicine, surgical, and emergency medicine residents at a single, large, urban, tertiary academic medical center. The survey tool captured both the self-reported frequency and effect of professional misidentification. The authors used a t test and linear multivariate regression to analyze the results. Results Of the 260 residents who received the survey, 186 (72%) responded, and the authors analyzed the responses of 182. All 85 of the women respondents (100%) reported being misidentified as nonphysicians at least once in their professional experience by patients or staff members, compared with 49% of the 97 men respondents. Of those 182 residents, 35% of women were misidentified more than 8 times per month by patients compared with 1% of men. Of the 85 women physicians responding to the survey, 38% felt angry and 36% felt less satisfied with their jobs as a result of misidentification compared with, respectively, 7% and 9% of men. In response to role misidentification, 51% of women changed their manner of attire and 81% changed their manner of introduction, compared with, respectively, 7% and 37% of men. Conclusions These survey results demonstrate that women physicians are more likely than men physicians to be misidentified as nonphysicians and that role misidentification provokes gender-polarized psychological and behavioral responses that have potentially important professional ramifications.

Purpose: This study examined the recognition of rehabilitative robots for treatment in physical therapists. Methods: This study surveyed 100 physical therapists in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do using Google Form, an online survey tool. The question naire consisted of 21 questions, including eight questions on the general characteristics, 13 questions on the recognition of rehabilitative robots. Results: The general characteristics of the physical therapists showed differences and influences on recognition of rehabilitative robots, and there were statistically significant differences. There were significant differences in the recognition of rehabilitation robots according to general characteristics in gender, age, education degree, type of hospital, average weekly working time, and treatment field. Multiple regression analysis found that gender and the type of hospital influenced the recognition of rehabilitation robots. Conclusion: Physical therapists showed differences in recognition of rehabilitative robots according to their general characteristics, and gender and the type of hospital influence the recognition of rehabilitation robots. Sufficient systematic education programs should be provided, and physical therapists require policy adjustments to increase their accessibility to rehabilitation robots through continuing ed ucation.

Context Wildlife detection dogs have been used globally in environmental monitoring. However, their effectiveness in the Australian context has been only minimally researched. Increased understanding of detection dog accuracy and efficacy is required for their inclusion in survey guidelines used by proponents of referred actions potentially impacting Australia’s threatened mammals. Evaluation of new methods is also important for advancing population monitoring, particularly for threatened species. Aims To determine the efficacy of wildlife detection dogs as a survey tool for low-density, cryptic species, using northern (Dasyurus hallucatus) and spotted-tailed (D. maculatus) quolls as subjects. We compared detection dogs, human search effort and camera trapping results, in simulated accuracy and efficacy trials, and field surveys. Methods Two wildlife detection dogs’ scores for sensitivity (ability to identify a target species scat) and specificity (ability to distinguish target from non-target species scats) were calculated during accuracy trials. The dogs were tested using 288 samples, of which 32 were targets, where northern and spotted-tailed quoll scat were the targets in separate trials. Survey efficacy was determined following completing 12 simulated surveys (6 per target species) involving a single, randomly placed scat sample in a 1–1.5 ha search area. During the northern quoll simulated surveys the dogs’ survey efficacy was compared with that of a human surveyor. The dogs also undertook field surveys for both northern and spotted-tailed quolls, in conjunction with camera trapping for comparison. Key results During accuracy trials the dogs had an average sensitivity and specificity respectively of 100% and 98.4% for northern quoll, and 100% and 98% for spotted-tailed quoll. Their average search time in efficacy trials for northern quoll was 11.07 min (significantly faster than the human surveyor), and 2.98 min for spotted-tailed quoll in the 1–1.5 ha search areas. During field surveys, northern quoll scats were detected at sites where camera trapping failed to determine their presence. No spotted-tailed quoll scat was detected by the dogs during field surveys. Conclusions Trained and experienced detection dogs can work very accurately and efficiently, which is vital to their field success. Detection dogs are therefore capable of detecting evidence of species presence where alternative methods may be unsuccessful. Implications Our study supports the future use of highly trained detection dogs for wildlife surveys and monitoring in Australia. Our results demonstrate that detection dogs can be highly accurate and are a beneficial stand-alone or complimentary method.

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على فاعلية برنامج قائم على استخدام مکونات البراعة الرياضية لتنمية مهارات التدريس الإبداعي لدى معلمي الرياضيات في المرحلة المتوسطة بدولة الکويت، واتبع الباحث المنهج التجريبي، وتکونت عينة البحث من (32) معلما ومعلمة کمجموعة تجريبية واحدة من معلمي الرياضيات للمرحلة المتوسطة الذين يعملون في مدارس التعليم العام الحکومي في الکويت حيث تم اختيارهم بطريقة قصدية، وتحددت أداة البحث في بطاقة ملاحظة تکونت من (27) فقرة. وتوصلت نتائج البحث إلى أن متوسط الأداء التدريسي لأداة بطاقة الملاحظة في مهارات التدريس الابداعي ( الطلاقة والمرونة والأصالة) حققت متوسطات حسابية (2.37) و(2.57) و(2.41) على الترتيب ، وهذا يدل على توافر هذه المهارات بدرجة ضعيفة ، وهي غير کافية ، وکشفت نتائج الدراسة عن وجود فرق دال إحصائيا بين متوسط استجابات عينة البحث في التطبيق (القبلي– البعدي) لبطاقة ملاحظة مهارات التدريس الابداعي لصالح التطبيق البعدي، ووجود حجم أثر للبرنامج التدريبي القائم على استخدام مکونات البراعة الرياضية على تنمية مهارات التدريس الابداعي لدى معلمي الرياضيات للمرحلة المتوسطة في الکويت بقيمة (0.642). The aim of Research was to identify the effectiveness of a program which is based on the use of component of mathematical proficiency to develop the creative teaching skills of mathematics teachers in Kuwait, the researcher followed the experimental approach. A sample of 32 teachers as an experimental group was one of the middle-level mathematics teachers who worked in the public education schools province, where they were randomly selected. The survey tool was identified on a note card formed of (27) paragraph. The results of the Research found that the median teaching performance of the observational card tool in creative teaching skills (fluency, flexibility, and originality) achieved mathematical averages of (2.37), (2.57), and (2.41) respectively, which indicates that these skills are weak and inadequate. The results of the Research revealed that there is a statistically significant difference between the average responses of the Research sample in the application (pre-post) of the card of observing creative teaching skills for the benefit of the remote application. The impact of component of mathematical proficiency training program on the development of creative teaching skills of middle-level mathematics teachers in Ahmadi Province, Kuwait, is estimated at: ) 0.642 )

Objective This study aims to survey medical students interested in ophthalmology about how changes in electives and Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have affected their attitudes toward applying to ophthalmology residency. Design This is a cross-sectional survey. Participants A total of 32 Canadian medical students interested in ophthalmology responded to the survey. Methods A 32-question survey tool used was developed in consultation with medical students, academic ophthalmologists, and residency program directors. The survey was distributed through e-mail by local ophthalmology interest groups at all of Canada's medical schools. Results Respondents felt that changes in ability to travel for electives significantly decreased their likelihood of applying to ophthalmology residency. Additionally, respondents expressed concerns that lack of travel for electives and in-person CaRMS interviews significantly reduced their chances of successfully matching to ophthalmology. Respondents identified one-on-one video calls with program directors and residents as the initiatives that would best counteract the negative impacts from COVID-19. Increased presence of programs on social media were relatively less valued. Conclusion Canadian medical students interested in ophthalmology have concerns about how changes in electives and the CaRMS match due to COVID-19 will impact their ability to be fairly assessed and successfully match to ophthalmology. Lack of travel for electives and interviews has also resulted in students feeling ill equipped to make informed choices about program selection. However, there remains a sustained interest in ophthalmology among applicants.

espanolActualmente las Universidades se enfrentan al reto de la continuidad de la educacion superior ante la Contingencia de Salud existente por COVI-19 y el estado de Confinamiento que el Gobierno Federal ha impuesto a la poblacion para minimizar las vias de contagio. En consecuencia, todo el sistema educativo tuvo que implementar la estrategia de Educacion a distancia y en el caso de las Universidades en modalidad virtual. El presente documento plantea los resultados de investigacion, el cual fue conocer el grado de satisfaccion de los estudiantes en relacion a sus cursos durante el ciclo febrero 2020, desarrollados en un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje como estrategia de atencion ante la contingencia COVID-19 en la Universidad Autonoma del Carmen. Esta investigacion fue de tipo exploratorio, se utilizo la herramienta de encuesta, con muestra no probabilistica por conveniencia y estuvo constituida por 387 estudiantes. Parte de las opiniones que se obtuvieron fue un 83% de los estudiantes expreso satisfaccion en relacion al cambio de modalidad presencial a virtual y sobre la metodologia de trabajo; el 92% de los estudiantes plateo que los profesores promovieron la autogestion, la investigacion y responsabilidad en el desarrollo de sus actividades de aprendizaje, un 89% de los estudiantes consideran que los criterios de evaluacion fueron implementados de acuerdo a lo que fue establecido en el programa inicial del curso. EnglishUniversities are currently facing the challenge of facing the continuity of higher education in the face of the existing Health Contingency by COVI-19 and the state of Confinement that the Federal Government has imposed on the population to minimize the routes of contagion. Consequently, the entire educational system had to implement the Distance Education strategy and in the case of the Universities in virtual mode. This document presents the research results was to know the degree of satisfaction of the students in relation to their courses during the February 2020 cycle, developed in a virtual learning environment as a strategy of attention to the COVID-19 contingency at the Universidad Autonoma del Carmen. This research was exploratory, the survey tool was used, with a non-probabilistic sample for convenience, it was constituted by 387 students. Part of the opinions that were obtained were 83% of the students expressed satisfaction in relation to the change from face-to-face to virtual mode and about the work methodology; 92% of the students stated that the teachers promoted self-management, research and responsibility in the development of their learning activities, 89% of the students consider that the evaluation criteria were implemented according to what was established in the initial course program.

The last several years have seen a rapid expansion in the number of nutrition incentive programs implemented at farmers markets. While there has been increased attention paid to these efforts in terms of influencing consumer health indicators, there has been less focus on the farmers market managers responsible for implementing and admin­istering the programs. To date, most studies that have addressed manager perspectives have been qualitative case-studies where findings may have limited generalizability to other market contexts. In this integrative review of literature, we examine the current state of both scholarly and practitioner literature regarding market manager perspectives on nutrition incentive programming. Given the identification of critical gaps and salient factors in efforts to promote nutrition incentive program­ming at markets, we call for the advancement of a framework that may be shared between organiza­tions. This framework will capture essential data that inform market managers’ behavioral intention towards the nutrition incentive programs they cur­rently administer. We propose that the develop­ment of a comprehensive survey tool designed to capture managerial intentions may ultimately prompt multistate, cross-organizational collabora­tion on improving nutritional program outcomes at farmers markets.Literature Review

Higher education in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a relatively modern phenomenon, but it is a sector which has experienced immense growth since the first national university opened in 1976. A wide diversity of faculty, in terms of experience, nationalities, and qualifications, is employed to teach in the country’s higher education institutions. In this article, the faculty’s reported pedagogical practices taking place in universities across the country are reported. A well-established, pre-developed survey tool was used to gather quantitative data which ultimately classifies responses as employing more student-centric or teacher-centric approaches. A total of 130 participants, drawn from multiple institutions, were surveyed. The findings indicated that overall, faculty tended to adopt a student-centric approach to teaching significantly more frequently than a teacher-centric approach. However, there were significant variations in the adoption of student- or teacher-centric approaches by faculty gender, subject specialism, and presence of a vocational teaching qualification. Female faculty adopted a student-centric approach to teaching significantly more frequently than did their male counterparts. However, STEM faculty adopted a teacher-centric approach to teaching significantly more frequently than did their non-STEM peers. Further, faculty who did not hold vocational teaching qualifications also adopted a teacher-centric approach to teaching significantly more frequently than did their peers who held vocational teaching qualifications.

This study was conducted to determine if an educational session would increase the firefighter's knowledge of their occupational cancer risk and increase their motivation and confidence to have a conversation with their primary care provider (PCP) in regard to their occupational cancer risk. This study was an exploratory descriptive interventional pilot study. Firefighters self-reported using a pre-/post-educational intervention survey. Results were analyzed using a paired t test in IBM SPSS Version 23 to compare the pre-/post-test mean scores. There were statistically significant differences noted in the mean scores of the pre-/post-interventional survey tool. It seems an educational intervention can motivate and increase the firefighter's confidence to have a conversation with their PCP in regard to their occupational cancer risk. Firefighter perceptions of their "lived" care experience at the PCP level shared during study sessions also contributed to some key conclusions. These conclusions lead to the development of an informational wallet card for the firefighter to use as a conversational tool during a visit with their PCP. Motivating firefighters to have a conversation with their PCP in regard to their occupational cancer risk could potentially increase firefighter occupational cancer awareness at the PCP level and result in earlier detection of cancers in firefighters leading to decreased firefighter cancer mortality rates. Increasing informed firefighter conversations at the PCP level in regard to their occupational cancer risk could potentially increase appropriate cancer prevention guidance and earlier cancer screenings at the primary care level.

Background A psychologically safe environment is defined as one where individuals feel comfortable to take risks without fear of negative consequences. When an individual feels psychologically safe in simulation, they are more likely to engage in the experience and reflect on their own and others’ performance. Despite this, little is known about what creates this type of environment from the learner perspective. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to explore prelicensure nursing students’ perceptions of psychological safety as it exists within the prebrief, scenario, and debrief phases of a simulation learning experience. Data were collected using a series of open-ended questions through an online survey tool. Three researchers independently, then collaboratively, reviewed the data, identifying themes and patterns across each phase. Results Eighty-six prelicensure nursing students completed the online survey. Across the three phases, five themes emerged: (1) faculty presence; (2) learning without fear; (3) working together; (4) setting expectations; and (5) positive conversations. Conclusions Our findings support much of the current literature on psychological safety in simulation but also highlight unique findings, including bullying, learner control and not being rushed.