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Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is a sudden, systemic, toxin-induced disease that leads to the failure of multiple organs. It is a potentially fatal illness that might occur in the postoperative period. A 30-year-old woman in her second pregnancy, who had given birth via elective Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS), presented to the Emergency Department on the tenth day after the surgery with septic features. She complained of a high-grade fever persisting for eight days, along with a rash that initially appeared on her upper limbs and gradually spread to her entire body. During the local examination, vulval excoriation with desquamation and peeling of the skin were observed. The imaging revealed a well-defined collection with heterogeneous enhancement in the infraumbilical region of the lower anterior abdominal wall. Multiple intralesional free air foci, primarily involving the bilateral rectus abdominis muscles, were also observed, along with mild fat stranding. These findings suggested an infective origin for the condition. The patient was stabilised and managed in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU). In order to combat the infection, broad-spectrum antibiotics with coverage against gram-negative bacteria were initiated. Subsequently, the patient developed a wound gap and underwent secondary wound closure. The present case report highlights the importance for healthcare practitioners to recognise the symptoms of postpartum TSS and take proactive measures to prevent its potential complications. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is an iatrogenic and life-threatening infection; hence, proper treatment with a multidisciplinary approach will prevent maternal morbidity and mortality.

The present study explored the influence of axial gradation of viscoelastic materials on the dynamic response of the sandwich beam for structural applications. The finite element (FE) formulations are used to model and investigate dynamic response of the sandwich beam. The classical beam theory is used to develop the FE formulations and Lagrange's approach is considered to obtain the equations of motion (EOM). FE code is developed and validated with the existing literature and also conducted the convergence study for the developed FE method. Further, the influence of different viscoelastic materials and boundary conditions on the dynamic response of the sandwich beam is investigated. Four different axial gradation configurations of viscoelastic materials are considered for the present work to explore the influence on natural frequency, loss factor and frequency response of the sandwich beam. The modeled axial gradation of viscoelastic material has displayed a considerable impact on the peak vibrational amplitude response of the sandwich beam for all the boundary conditions and these configurations improved the damping capabilities at different configurations for the structural applications.

Introduction: Dental adhesives are used for a wide range of clinical applications in dentistry. Bonding is required in direct composite resin restorations. In clinical situation, resin to dentin bonds are less resistant than resin to enamel bonds. Because of varying structure and composition of dentin, the failure of resin-dentin bonding resulting in staining, caries recurrence microleakage. These set of circumstances can hasten the failure and degradation of resin to dentin bonding hence inorganic fillers can be added to improve the bond strength. Cerium dioxide (CeO2 ) is a rare earth oxide has been increasingly used as a nanotherapeutic material and can be successfully used in adhesive resin to improve the physical properties of adhesive resin. Aim: To evaluate and compare microshear bond strength of adhesive resin after incorporation of inorganic nanofillers cerium dioxide. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted in Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry at School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India, from February 2022 to April 2022. The unfilled dental adhesive was used as a control (group A) and dental adhesives formulated with nanosized Cerium dioxide (CeO2 ) as the inorganic filler (group B). Total 24 samples were prepared, 12 samples in each group and adhesives were evaluated for microshear bond strength. Intragroup comparison between experimental and control group was done using Unpaired t-test. Results: The mean microshear bond strength of the adhesive system containing nanosized cerium dioxide at a concentration of 2% was 6.89±2.22 MPa (group B), which was significantly greater than that of the adhesive system without additives (group A) 4.37±1.22 MPa. Conclusion: Microshear bond strength of the dental adhesives with nanosized CeO2 particles, was significantly higher than the unfilled adhesive.

We demonstrate a cost-effective, highly reliable/stable and environmentally friendly approach for the patterned colouring of a commercial transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET). We show that different colour patterns (transparent, white/translucent, complete white/silver and different combinations of these three colours) can be realised in PET strips upon varying the speed during continuous stretching. The conditions for good quality colour patterns are investigated, and the length of transient region during speed change is investigated.

Background Colour Doppler ultrasound is pivotal in modern obstetrics for evaluating maternal and fetal health, especially in high-risk pregnancies. It enhances fetal oxygenation and nutrient delivery assessment, aiding in the early detection of adverse outcomes. However, its effectiveness is influenced by operator skill and the potential for interpretative variability. Aim This study aims to assess the utility of Doppler ultrasound in evaluating fetal status in high-risk pregnancies at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India. Materials and methods A hospital-based observational study was conducted from September 2022 to July 2024, including 145 high-risk pregnant women, of whom 120 delivered at the institute. The study included thorough maternal and fetal assessments, with regular Doppler studies starting at 28 weeks of gestation. The frequency of these studies was adjusted according to the changes and severity observed in the indices. Detailed documentation of both maternal and neonatal outcomes was meticulously maintained. Statistical analyses were performed using MS Excel (Microsoft® Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) and RStudio, Version 2023.08.0-daily+170 (RStudio, Inc., Boston, MA, USA), with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results The majority of participants were aged 21-30 years, with multigravida constituting 63.33%. Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia were the most common high-risk factors (28.33%). Abnormal umbilical artery (UA) flow patterns were observed in 58.33% of cases. Abnormal UA and middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler indices correlated significantly with adverse outcomes. Most deliveries were via caesarean section (82.5%), and 63.33% of neonates required Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission. Neonates with abnormal antenatal Doppler studies had significantly lower APGAR (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration) scores and higher NICU admission rates. Discussion The study highlights the critical role of Doppler ultrasound in managing high-risk pregnancies, providing essential data for early interventions. Consistent with other studies, abnormal Doppler patterns were significantly associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, necessitating timely caesarean deliveries. Conclusion Fetal Doppler ultrasonography is essential for managing high-risk pregnancies, enabling timely therapeutic interventions and improving perinatal outcomes. Despite its limitations, Doppler technology remains invaluable in identifying at-risk foetuses and guiding clinical decisions for optimal pregnancy management., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethics Sub-committee, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India issued approval IESC/PGS/2022/139. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Kolate et al.)

The first trimester of pregnancy is crucial for organ development but also carries a high risk of complications, with early pregnancy loss being the most common. Anomalies in the yolk sac, the first extra-embryonic structure seen by ultrasonography, can indicate severe fetal growth abnormalities and are linked to higher rates of first-trimester loss. This case report details a 38-year-old woman with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) who presented with per vaginal bleeding and mild abdominal pain. Transvaginal ultrasonography revealed a yolk sac larger than 10 mm, prompting further genetic investigation. Chromosomal microarray analysis confirmed Trisomy 22. The presence of an enlarged yolk sac, correlated with Trisomy 22, highlights the importance of early detection through sonography and genetic testing. This approach aids in managing RPL by identifying genetic causes, thereby informing pre-conception counseling and future pregnancy management. An abnormal yolk sac size necessitates thorough evaluation, including cytogenetic microarray testing and quantitative fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction analysis, to guide clinical decisions and improve pregnancy outcomes., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Kolate et al.)

Fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs) are peculiar benign lesions that typically present as painless, pedunculated growths in various regions of the body, including the lower female genital tract. We discuss a case of a 45-year-old menopausal female who presented with an FEP in her vulva. The patient reported noticing a painless growth in her vulvar region for the past seven years, which had gradually increased in size. Clinical examination revealed a polypoidal, pedunculated, fleshy mass measuring approximately 11x8x7 cm in diameter. The lesion was excised under anesthesia, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of FEP. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and showed no evidence of recurrence., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Tripathi et al.)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that increases the risk of complications in pregnancy. SLE flares during pregnancy are attributed to higher levels of estrogen and other cytokines. A 34-year-old woman with SLE, who had undergone in vitro fertilization (IVF), was diagnosed with a lupus flare at 14 weeks of gestation. Prior to conception, it is essential to evaluate disease activity, major organ complications, hypercoagulability, and any other medical conditions that could affect pregnancy outcomes in women with SLE in order to prevent adverse results. Additionally, the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies (APLA) should be ruled out before considering assisted reproductive techniques (ART). After conception, optimal and vigilant monitoring is essential. A multidisciplinary team and approach should be employed throughout pregnancy to manage disease progression and identify any further complications. In conclusion, effective counseling and clear explanations of risks and benefits are pivotal in empowering the patient to make an informed decision., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Tripathi et al.)