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The new capital of Indonesia, which is currently under construction, has several major frameworks that underlie its development vision. One of them is to become a modern city with international standards that is progressive, innovative and competitive in various aspects, such as technology, architecture, urban planning and social issues. Apart from that, IKN will also be equipped with world-class infrastructure and connected to various other international city centers. The infrastructure that is built will then function over a period of time. In the future, this infrastructure will need maintenance, repair, and possibly replacement. These activities often require initial data when the infrastructure was built. If infrastructure repair activities are carried out far from the time of construction, it is often difficult to find the necessary data. This article discusses the importance of having final recorded data (as built data) available for infrastructure that has just been built so that in the future there will be no difficulties in rehabilitation and renovation activities. The study was carried out by taking old infrastructure assessment cases as examples, namely the plan to replace the Ketenger power plant penstock which is 84 years old and the rehabilitation plan for the Pelus River Bridge which is 52 years old. Both are located around a city that is not too big, namely Purwokerto, however, they can be used as a reference in developing the concept of as-built data which can be said to be a development of as-built drawings which have long been known in the world of construction. To support this concept, it is necessary to use the latest technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, internet of things, virtual reality and other technologies.

Sheet Glass Industry is one industry that uses 75 % natural gas energy and 25 % electricity. Using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC-2006 emission calculation method, the average greenhouses gas (GHG) emissions obtained from the calcination process obtained 112 211 t CO2 yr–1 per plant and an average emission factor (EFkl) of 0.18 CO2 t–1 yr–1 of pull. With the technology of converting heat into electrical energy, residual combustion as flue gases has the potential to be used to produce electrical energy. Referring to the analysis and calculation; one of factories has potential to generate 0.8 MW to 3 MW electric energy. It’s efficiency of 10 % to 40 % so that it can be calculated as a component of GHG emission reductions whose value is 4.6 t CO2 yr–1 to 18.7 t CO2 yr–1 per plant. With this reduction, each of the GHG emission and emission factors per plant dropped to 93 442 t CO2 yr–1 and 0.16 CO2 t-pull–1.

This study aims to explore all the types of students' mental models of number patterns. The study used a qualitative approach with an explorative type. The subjects used to characterize the student's mental models in this study were 46 eighth grade students in Indonesia. To reveal the subjects' mental model, they were asked to solve the number pattern problem and were interviewed. For ensuring the validity and reliability of the research results, triangulation technique was used by comparing the results of video recording interviews and written test results. The study showed that in solving the problem of number patterns given, there were 4 types of mental models. They were formal direct mental model, formal indirect mental model, synthetic direct mental model, and synthetic indirect mental model. What we found in this study shows that some students have different mental models to solve the problem. Hence, in future teachers must introduce various strategies to solve the problem and conduct learning that can enrich students' mental models.

Semiotics is simply defined as the sign-using to represent a mathematical concept in a problem-solving. Semiotic reasoning of constructing concept is a process of drawing a conclusion based on object, representamen (sign), and interpretant. This paper aims to describe the phases of semiotic reasoning of elementary students in constructing the properties of a rectangle. The participants of the present qualitative study are three elementary students classified into three levels of Adversity Quotient (AQ): quitter/AQ low, champer/AQ medium, and climber/AQ high. The results show three participants identify object by observing objects around them. In creating sign stage, they made the same sign that was a rectangular image. However, in three last stages, namely interpret sign, find out properties of sign, and discover properties of a rectangle, they made different ways. The quitter found two characteristics of rectangular objects then derived it to be a rectangle's properties. The champer found four characteristics of the objects then it was derived to be two properties of a rectangle. By contrast, Climber found six characteristics of the sign and derived all of these to be four properties of a rectangle. In addition, Climber could determine the properties of a rectangle correctly.

This study analyses the view of students' mental models in solving mathematical problems. The study employed a literature review using well-accepted and robust guidelines. Data were collected by searching books and articles of journals. Data analysis techniques were done qualitatively. The finding of this study showed that the mental model is dynamic and can describe the students' level of understanding concepts. The students' mental model of a concept can be known through the search of a consistent problem-solving process because the mental model is an internal representation involving the recall and processing of memory-owned information that aims at solving the problem. Educators must be able to know the student's mental model for learning to be more optimal.

This study aims to describe the constructive metacognitive activity shift of eleventh graders in solving a mathematical problem. Subjects in this study were 10 students in grade 11 of SMAN 1 Malang. They were divided into 4 groups. Three types of metacognitive activity undertaken by students when completing mathematical problem are awareness, regulation, and evaluation. This was a descriptive qualitative research with exploratory approach. Data collection instruments used were mathematical problem solving task of Model Eliciting Activities (MEA) and interview. In the first stage, students completed MEA mathematical problems individually while doing think aloud. In the second stage, students worked in small groups consisting of three students to solve the same problem and then the researchers recorded the results of the discussion by using a handycam. In the third stage, the researchers conducted task-based interviews to determine the metacognitive activity performed by students when solving problems either completed them individually or in group. Based on the analysis results of students' work, think aloud, students' conversations record group during discussion and interviews, the data show that three students spread into 4 groups of constructive metacognitive activity shift.

This research is reviewing students' process of decision making intuitively, analytically, and interactively. The research done by using discount problem which specially created to explore student's intuition, analytically, and interactively. In solving discount problems, researcher exploring student's decision in determining their attitude which concern in the used of intuitively, analytically, and interactively. Result of this research showing that the student's decision making in solving discount problem begin with their intuitively, then interactively and continued with analytically; afterward return to intuition, interaction and end up with analytical. Those three components (intuitively, interactively and analytically) repeated occur until obtaining result which is desire.

Within contemporary Australian and Indonesian society, diverse cultural and religious expressions are celebrated to promote mutual understanding and tolerance. However, while such expressions are treated as symbolic of broader pluralist or liberal ideals, the interpretive dynamics of these traditions are rarely considered integral to shaping mainstream discourse on social cohesion. In this article, we consider two distinctive contexts of Indigenous and minority engagement with aspirations for unity in diversity, a concept that can encapsulate a range of responses to varied contexts, such as religious diversity or the need for interdependence within social organisation. Specifically, we explore Warlpiri Australian formulations of kinship through ngurru-kurlu and Indonesian Christian engagement with Pancasila. Showing the potential for these perspectives to enrich broader discourse on social cohesion, we suggest that similarities in the originating impetus of these frameworks can stimulate heuristic enquiry and critical reflexivity across diverse settings. While upholding distinctly localised traditions and experiences, intimations of gift in traditional Warlpiri ceremony and Christian experience underscore the importance of relational generosity to the embodiment of unity in diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]