1,863 results on '"Sussman, Steve"'
Search Results
2. Effects of ACT Out! Social Issue Theater on Social-Emotional Competence and Bullying in Youth and Adolescents: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
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Agley, Jon, Jun, Mikyoung, Eldridge, Lori, Agley, Daniel L, Xiao, Yunyu, Sussman, Steve, Golzarri-Arroyo, Lilian, Dickinson, Stephanie L, Jayawardene, Wasantha, and Gassman, Ruth
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Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
BackgroundSchools increasingly prioritize social-emotional competence and bullying and cyberbullying prevention, so the development of novel, low-cost, and high-yield programs addressing these topics is important. Further, rigorous assessment of interventions prior to widespread dissemination is crucial. ObjectiveThis study assesses the effectiveness and implementation fidelity of the ACT Out! Social Issue Theater program, a 1-hour psychodramatic intervention by professional actors; it also measures students’ receptiveness to the intervention. MethodsThis study is a 2-arm cluster randomized control trial with 1:1 allocation that randomized either to the ACT Out! intervention or control (treatment as usual) at the classroom level (n=76 classrooms in 12 schools across 5 counties in Indiana, comprised of 1571 students at pretest in fourth, seventh, and tenth grades). The primary outcomes were self-reported social-emotional competence, bullying perpetration, and bullying victimization; the secondary outcomes were receptiveness to the intervention, implementation fidelity (independent observer observation), and prespecified subanalyses of social-emotional competence for seventh- and tenth-grade students. All outcomes were collected at baseline and 2-week posttest, with planned 3-months posttest data collection prevented due to the COVID-19 pandemic. ResultsIntervention fidelity was uniformly excellent (>96% adherence), and students were highly receptive to the program. However, trial results did not support the hypothesis that the intervention would increase participants’ social-emotional competence. The intervention’s impact on bullying was complicated to interpret and included some evidence of small interaction effects (reduced cyberbullying victimization and increased physical bullying perpetration). Additionally, pooled within-group reductions were also observed and discussed but were not appropriate for causal attribution. ConclusionsThis study found no superiority for a 1-hour ACT Out! intervention compared to treatment as usual for social-emotional competence or offline bullying, but some evidence of a small effect for cyberbullying. On the basis of these results and the within-group effects, as a next step, we encourage research into whether the ACT Out! intervention may engender a bystander effect not amenable to randomization by classroom. Therefore, we recommend a larger trial of the ACT Out! intervention that focuses specifically on cyberbullying, measures bystander behavior, is randomized by school, and is controlled for extant bullying prevention efforts at each school. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04097496; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04097496 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/17900
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Effects of the ACT OUT! Social Issue Theater Program on Social-Emotional Competence and Bullying in Youth and Adolescents: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
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Agley, Jon, Jayawardene, Wasantha, Jun, Mikyoung, Agley, Daniel L, Gassman, Ruth, Sussman, Steve, Xiao, Yunyu, and Dickinson, Stephanie L
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Medicine ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
BackgroundStudents in the United States spend a meaningful portion of their developmental lives in school. In recent years, researchers and educators have begun to focus explicitly on social and emotional learning (SEL) in the school setting. Initial evidence from meta-analyses suggests that curricula designed to promote SEL likely produce benefits in terms of social-emotional competence (SEC) and numerous related behavioral and affective outcomes. At the same time, there are often barriers to implementing such curricula as intended, and some researchers have questioned the strength of the evaluation data from SEL programs. As part of the effort to improve programming in SEL, this paper describes the protocol for a cluster randomized trial of the ACT OUT! Social Issue Theater program, a brief psychodramatic intervention to build SEC and reduce bullying behavior in students. ObjectiveThe objective of this trial is to examine if a short dose of interactive psychodrama can affect SEC metrics and bullying experiences in schoolchildren in either the short (2-week) or medium (6-month) term. MethodsThe ACT OUT! trial is a cluster randomized superiority trial with 2 parallel groups. The unit of measurement is the student, and the unit of randomization is the classroom. For each grade (fourth, seventh, and 10th), an even number of classrooms will be selected from each school—half will be assigned to the intervention arm and half will be assigned to the control arm. The intervention will consist of 3 moderated psychodramatic performances by trained actors, and the control condition will be the usual school day. Outcome data will be collected at baseline (preintervention), 2-week postintervention (short term), and 6-month postintervention (medium term). Outcomes will include social-emotional competency; self-reported bullying and experiences of being bullied; receptivity to the program; and school-level data on truancy, absenteeism, and referrals to school displinary action for bullying. A power analysis adjusted for clustering effect, design effect, and potential attrition yielded a need for approximately 1594 students, consisting of an estimated 80 classrooms split evenly into intervention and control arms. ResultsThis study was funded in June 2019; approved by the Indiana University Institutional review board on September 17, 2019; began subject recruitment on November 5, 2019; and prospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. ConclusionsMany states have issued recommendations for the integration of SEL into schools. The proposed study uses a rigorous methodology to determine if the ACT OUT! psychodramatic intervention is a cost-effective means of bolstering SEC and reducing bullying incidence in schools. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04097496; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04097496 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/17900
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- 2020
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- View/download PDF
4. Characterizing Multisystem Barriers to Women’s Residential SUD Treatment: A Multisite Qualitative Analysis in Los Angeles
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Rivera, Dean, Henwood, Benjamin F., Sussman, Steve, Wenzel, Suzanne, Dasgupta, Anindita, Campbell, Aimee N. C., Wu, Elwin, and Amaro, Hortensia
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- 2024
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5. Vape Shops: The E-cigarette marketplace
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Sussman, Steve and Barker, Dianne C
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Tobacco ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Public health - Published
- 2023
6. Sex as a Substitute Addictive Behavior: a Scoping Review
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Sinclair, Deborah L. and Sussman, Steve
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- 2024
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7. Hypothetical flavour ban and intention to vape among vape shop customers: the role of flavour preference and e-cigarette dependence
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Huh, Jimi, Yu, Sheila, Galimov, Artur, Meza, Leah R, Galstyan, Ellen, Medel, Donna, Unger, Jennifer B, Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes, and Sussman, Steve
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Tobacco ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Prevention ,Substance Misuse ,Cancer ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Vaping ,Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ,Intention ,Smokers ,Smoking Cessation ,Flavoring Agents ,electronic nicotine delivery devices ,public policy ,harm reduction ,Public Health - Abstract
IntroductionE-cigarette users typically initiate vaping with flavoured e-liquids. People who vape flavours tend to underestimate the harm of vaping. We examined the inter-relationship between flavour preference, vaping for cessation purposes, e-cigarette dependence, e-cigarette harm perception and purchase/use intention, given a hypothetical flavour ban. We hypothesised that non-tobacco flavour preference and vaping for cessation would be negatively associated with harm perception of e-cigarettes and intention to continue vaping if a flavour ban occurred and that these effects would be mediated by e-cigarette dependence.MethodsFrom July 2019 to March 2020, we conducted intercept interviews with 276 customers at 44 vape shops in California. The predictor variables were flavour preference and vaping for cessation. The outcome variables were harm perception of e-cigarettes and intention to purchase/use, given a hypothetical flavour ban. Multilevel structural equation modelling tested whether e-cigarette dependence mediates the effects of flavour preference on hypothetical continued vaping and purchase.ResultsThose who preferred flavours showed significantly lower intention to purchase e-liquids (β=-0.28, p
- Published
- 2023
8. Effects of ACT Out! Social Issue Theater on Social-Emotional Competence and Bullying in Youth and Adolescents: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
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Agley, Jon, Jun, Mikyoung, Eldridge, Lori, Agley, Daniel L., Xiao, Yunyu, Sussman, Steve, Golzarri-Arroyo, Lilian, Dickinson, Stephanie L., Jayawardene, Wasantha, and Gassman, Ruth
- Abstract
Background: Schools increasingly prioritize social-emotional competence and bullying and cyberbullying prevention, so the development of novel, low-cost, and high-yield programs addressing these topics is important. Further, rigorous assessment of interventions prior to widespread dissemination is crucial. Objective: This study assesses the effectiveness and implementation fidelity of the ACT Out! Social Issue Theater program, a 1-hour psychodramatic intervention by professional actors; it also measures students' receptiveness to the intervention. Methods: This study is a 2-arm cluster randomized control trial with 1:1 allocation that randomized either to the ACT Out! intervention or control (treatment as usual) at the classroom level (n=76 classrooms in 12 schools across 5 counties in Indiana, comprised of 1571 students at pretest in fourth, seventh, and tenth grades). The primary outcomes were self-reported social-emotional competence, bullying perpetration, and bullying victimization; the secondary outcomes were receptiveness to the intervention, implementation fidelity (independent observer observation), and prespecified subanalyses of social-emotional competence for seventh- and tenth-grade students. All outcomes were collected at baseline and 2-week posttest, with planned 3-months posttest data collection prevented due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Intervention fidelity was uniformly excellent (>96% adherence), and students were highly receptive to the program. However, trial results did not support the hypothesis that the intervention would increase participants' social-emotional competence. The intervention's impact on bullying was complicated to interpret and included some evidence of small interaction effects (reduced cyberbullying victimization and increased physical bullying perpetration). Additionally, pooled within-group reductions were also observed and discussed but were not appropriate for causal attribution. Conclusions: This study found no superiority for a 1-hour ACT Out! intervention compared to treatment as usual for social-emotional competence or offline bullying, but some evidence of a small effect for cyberbullying. On the basis of these results and the within-group effects, as a next step, we encourage research into whether the ACT Out! intervention may engender a bystander effect not amenable to randomization by classroom. Therefore, we recommend a larger trial of the ACT Out! intervention that focuses specifically on cyberbullying, measures bystander behavior, is randomized by school, and is controlled for extant bullying prevention efforts at each school.
- Published
- 2021
9. Validity, Reliability, and Cross-Cultural Comparability of a Problematic Overstudying Scale across European, North American, and Asian countries
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Atroszko, Paweł A., Charzyńska, Edyta, Buźniak, Aleksandra, Czerwiński, Stanisław K., Griffiths, Mark D., Jankowska, Anna, Kamble, Shanmukh, Mizik, Zuzanna, Pontes, Halley M., Shane, Jacob, Sussman, Steve, Woropay-Hordziejewicz, Natalia A., and Pallesen, Ståle
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- 2023
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10. Adult harm perceptions, purchase, and use related to synthetic vs. tobacco-derived nicotine vaping products: A mixed-methods study
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Galimov, Artur, Leventhal, Adam M., Hamoud, Josef, Meza, Leah, Unger, Jennifer B., Huh, Jimi, Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes, and Sussman, Steve
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- 2024
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11. Narcotics Anonymous attendees’ perceptions and experiences of substitute behaviors in the Western Cape, South Africa
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Sinclair, Deborah Louise, Sussman, Steve, Savahl, Shazly, Florence, Maria, and Vanderplasschen, Wouter
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- 2023
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12. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people with and without pre-existing mental health problems
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Kleine, Ronja, Galimov, Artur, Hanewinkel, Reiner, Unger, Jennifer, Sussman, Steve, and Hansen, Julia
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- 2023
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13. Compliance to FDA’s elimination of free tobacco product sampling at vape shops
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Meza, Leah, Galimov, Artur, Huh, Jimi, Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes, and Sussman, Steve
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Tobacco ,8.3 Policy ,ethics ,and research governance ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Cancer ,Good Health and Well Being ,Commerce ,Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ,Humans ,Tobacco Products ,United States ,United States Food and Drug Administration ,Vaping ,Deeming rule ,FDA ,Free sampling ,Tobacco regulation ,Vape shops ,Public Health and Health Services ,Psychology ,Substance Abuse ,Public health ,Biological psychology ,Clinical and health psychology - Abstract
ObjectiveThe 2016 FDA's "Deeming Rule" prohibited free samples of vaping products. The purpose of this study was to investigate compliance with or adaptation to this newly established FDA policy.MethodsVape shops were recruited in Southern California between November 2017 and December 2018. Data collectors interviewed 121 vape shop employees who responded to questions pertaining to the sampling protocol at their shop. Nicotine levels used for sampling were also assessed for consideration of future policy adoption.ResultsOnly 7.4% of shops were non-compliant to federal sampling rules. The remaining shops either: 1) charged a fee for samples (58.7%); 2) deducted the fee from the final purchase price (5.8%); or 3) eliminated product sampling (28.1%). Of the shops that charged for sampling (including membership fees), 94.4% initiated a minimal cost protocol (≤$1) for sampling. Half (50.0%) the shops that allowed sampling offered nicotine-containing samples.ConclusionThere was high compliance (92.6%) to the change in policy among vape shops. However, minimal modification of sampling protocol was observed due in part to the lack of specificity on parameters of compliance, which lessened the potential impact of the policy. To further protect consumers, policymakers must develop unambiguous and comprehensive policies to achieve intended results and true compliance. At minimum, future tobacco product sampling policies should consider standardized pricing; alternatively, total elimination of tobacco product sampling is suggested.
- Published
- 2022
14. Differences in Young Adults’ Perceptions of and Willingness to Use Nicotine Pouches by Tobacco Use Status
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Vogel, Erin A, Barrington-Trimis, Jessica L, Kechter, Afton, Tackett, Alayna P, Liu, Fei, Sussman, Steve, Lerman, Caryn, Unger, Jennifer B, Halbert, Chanita Hughes, Chaffee, Benjamin W, and Leventhal, Adam M
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Paediatrics ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Tobacco ,Substance Misuse ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Cancer ,Good Health and Well Being ,Cohort Studies ,Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ,Humans ,Nicotine ,Tobacco Products ,Tobacco Use ,Young Adult ,nicotine ,young adult ,nicotine pouch ,oral nicotine product ,willingness ,harm perception ,Toxicology - Abstract
Oral nicotine pouches may appeal to young adult current nicotine/tobacco users interested in alternative forms of nicotine that lack pulmonary exposure, but may also appeal to young adult non-users of nicotine/tobacco products. We used data from a 2020 remote digital survey of an ongoing cohort study of young adults from Southern California (aged 19-23) to examine differences in pouch perceptions and use willingness across nicotine/tobacco use statuses. Participants who had never used nicotine pouches (N = 1167) viewed text/imagery from mass-marketed pouch packaging and advertising, then completed measures of willingness to use nicotine pouches, pouch harm perceptions, and hypothetical choice of cigarettes or e-cigarettes over pouches. Willingness to use pouches was significantly higher among non-combustible only (33.8%), combustible only (29.3%), and dual (43.9%) users than non-users (14.7%). Overall, 49.1% of participants were uncertain whether pouches were less harmful than cigarettes and 52.4% were uncertain whether pouches were less harmful than e-cigarettes. Relative harm perceptions did not significantly differ by tobacco use status. Those using non-combustible products (either alone or as part of dual use with combustible tobacco) had greater odds than non-users of reporting that they would use e-cigarettes over nicotine pouches. By contrast, all tobacco product user groups reported greater odds than non-users that they would use cigarettes over pouches. In sum, a sizable minority of young adults might be willing to try using nicotine pouches, but most are uncertain about the relative harm of pouches.
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- 2022
15. Young adult peer crowds, e-cigarette advertising exposure, and e-cigarette use: Test of a mediation model
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Pokhrel, Pallav, Kawamoto, Crissy T., Lipperman-Kreda, Sharon, Amin, Samia, Charles, Paxton, Danko, Ana, Valente, Thomas, and Sussman, Steve
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- 2024
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16. Association between federal and California state policy violation among vape shops and neighbourhood composition in Southern California
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Huh, Jimi, Meza, Leah R, Galstyan, Ellen, Galimov, Artur, Unger, Jennifer B, Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes, and Sussman, Steve
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Human Geography ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Human Society ,Peace ,Justice and Strong Institutions ,California ,Commerce ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Minority Groups ,Policy ,Vaping ,public policy ,environment ,disparities ,priority ,special populations ,priority/special populations - Abstract
IntroductionPast studies have documented disparities in regulation compliance among tobacco retailers with respect to ethnic diversity in neighbourhoods. This study investigated the association between compliance with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and California state rules and neighbourhood ethnic composition of a vape shop location.MethodsWe recruited 122 vape shops located in 'ethnic enclave' neighbourhoods in Southern California. Trained teams of data collectors visited each of the consented vape shops and coded items in the shops that were visible and on display. Location data for the percentages of ethnic composition for a given city were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder. Multilevel logistic regression models examined the relationship between the city-level neighbourhood ethnic composition and vape shop rule violation status: not displaying Ask4ID sign and offering free samples.ResultsVape shops located in neighbourhoods/communities with more white residents were significantly less likely to not display Ask4ID sign (p=0.03) and less likely to offer free sampling (p=0.009), controlling for other neighbourhood ethnic characteristics.DiscussionGreater enforcement for proper signage display is needed for vape shops located in racial/ethnic minority locations to ensure that minors are discouraged from purchasing e-products.
- Published
- 2021
17. Peer Crowd Identification of Young and Early Middle Adulthood Customers at Vape Shops
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Sussman, Steve, Galimov, Artur, Meza, Leah, Huh, Jimi, Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes, and Pokhrel, Pallav
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Adult ,Commerce ,Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Peer Group ,Vaping ,Vincristine ,Young Adult ,e-cigarettes ,peer crowds ,vape shops ,Public Health and Health Services ,Specialist Studies in Education ,Substance Abuse ,Specialist studies in education ,Epidemiology - Abstract
Vape shops specialize in the sales of e-cigarettes and other vaping products. In recent studies, young adults who use e-cigarettes have tended to identify with at-risk peer crowds. This is the first study to examine vape shop customers' clientele. Composed primarily of young adults and persons in early middle adulthood, we speculated that a relatively high prevalence of those who appeared to bystanders as radical/extreme (at-risk) customers would be identified as such at these shops. We recruited vape shops throughout Southern California (N = 44 shops), and trained teams of data collectors visited each of the consented vape shops, making note of 451 customers' appearance, including features such as manner of dress, presence of tattoos, and hairstyles. Customers were then coded as either belonging to a conventional, progressive, or radical/extreme crowd based on outward appearance. Of the customers observed, 223 (49%) were rated as appearing to be in the conventional crowd; 169 (38%) were rated as appearing to be in the progressive crowd, and only 59 (13%) were rated as appearing to be in the radical/extreme crowd. The conventional crowd tended to appear older. Clientele may reflect that more conventional young and early middle age adults are tempted to visit vape shops due to perceptions of greater acceptability or safety of e-cigarettes. E-cigarette mass media campaigns aimed at protecting potential vape shop customers from harm may need to depict more conservative-looking characters.
- Published
- 2021
18. Vape-only versus vape-and-smoke shops: sales to minors in four states
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Sussman, Steve, Galimov, Artur, and Delnevo, Cristine D
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electronic nicotine delivery devices ,nicotine ,public policy ,tobacco industry ,Public Health - Published
- 2021
19. Project SUN: Pilot Study of a Culturally Adapted Smoking Cessation Curriculum for American Indian Youth
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Ramos, Guadalupe G., Sussman, Steve, Moerner, Lou, Unger, Jennifer B., and Soto, Claradina
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American Indian Alaska Native (AIAN) youth have disproportionately higher rates of commercial tobacco product use compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the U.S. These rates underscore a need for commercial tobacco product cessation interventions that are culturally informed. This project studied the development, implementation, and some impact data of an adapted version of Project EX, an evidence-based intervention for teen smoking cessation. Implementation challenges resulted in a change from a three-arm to a single-arm trial with 37 AIAN youth who participated in an eight-week curriculum. Intent-to-treat analysis with biochemical validation results indicated that 32% (N = 12/37) of youth quit smoking at the three-month follow-up. Participants reported being satisfied with the program overall and enjoying the culturally adapted activities. This study detailed the program's adaptation and lessons learned during implementation.
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- 2022
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20. Vape Shop Employees: Do They Act as Smoking Cessation Counselors?
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Galimov, Artur, Meza, Leah, Unger, Jennifer B, Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes, Cruz, Tess Boley, and Sussman, Steve
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Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Tobacco ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Brain Disorders ,Substance Misuse ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Prevention of disease and conditions ,and promotion of well-being ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Cancer ,Cardiovascular ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,California ,Commerce ,Counselors ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Motivation ,Smoking Cessation ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Vaping ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Marketing ,Public Health - Abstract
IntroductionThis study examined smoking cessation advice offered by vape shop employees, as well as their perceived awareness of vaping research.Aims and methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in 121 vape shops in the Greater Los Angeles area of Southern California in four multiethnic communities (Hispanic/Latino, African American, Korean/Asian, and non-Hispanic White). A 35-minute interview assessed the employee's tobacco product use, perceptions of vaping research, and experience advising customers to quit cigarette smoking.ResultsAmong 121 vape shop employees surveyed, 106 (88%) reported that they provided smoking cessation advice or counseling to customers. Nearly half (45%) reported having no vaping-related research knowledge, while 30% were aware of provaping studies only. Approximately 85% of employees had quit cigarettes by switching to e-cigarettes instead, whereas 15% were dual users. Only 49% believed that vaping products contribute to nicotine addiction among youth. Those who provided advice on quitting cigarette smoking reported significantly lower knowledge of e-cigarette research than those who did not provide advice (p < .01).ConclusionsMost vape shop employees provide advice to customers who desire to quit cigarette smoking and initiate electronic cigarette use. However, they report a low level of awareness about e-cigarette research. Future research is warranted to examine the specifics of advice provided by vape shop employees. Training programs for vape shop employees and educational campaigns about evidence-based scientific findings on vaping may be beneficial.ImplicationsAlmost nine out of 10 surveyed vape shop employees offered cigarette smoking cessation advice to their customers, while almost half of the retailers report not being aware of any vaping-related research studies. Providing employees with training on evidence-based cessation advice could help protect customers. Also, training programs for vape shop employees and educational campaigns about the risk of nicotine addiction could potentially increase their motivation to avoid sales to minors and to warn adults about nicotine addiction.
- Published
- 2021
21. Longitudinal Tracking of Vape Shop Compliance With State Business Regulations Within Southern California Ethnic Neighborhoods During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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Medel, Donna, Galimov, Artur, Meza, Leah, Steinberg, Jane K, Berg, Carla J, Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes, and Sussman, Steve
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Humans ,Residence Characteristics ,Government Regulation ,Ethnic Groups ,California ,Pandemics ,Vaping ,Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ,COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,compliance ,nonessential businesses ,vape shops ,Public Health ,Public Health and Health Services - Abstract
The overall aim of this study is to examine vape shop business operations during COVID-19 among a cohort of 88 vape shops in the Greater Los Angeles area in Southern California, located in ethnically diverse communities. A total of six web- and/or phone-based assessments were conducted over a 12-week period (April 1, 2020-June 10, 2020), extending from the mandated closure of nonessential businesses (Stage 1; Assessments 1-3) to the reopening of nonessential sectors (Stage 2; Assessments 4-6), to evaluate business operations (open and closure statuses). The proportion of vape shops found to be noncompliant with the Governor's executive order (i.e., open) during Stage 1 gradually increased from 54 (61.4%) at Assessment 1 (week of April 1, 2020) to 58 (65.9%) at Assessment 3 (week of April 29, 2020). Moreover, vape shops located in Hispanic/Latino and Korean/Asian communities (vs. those in non-Hispanic White and African American communities) were more likely to stay open both during and after the shutdown at Assessments 1 and 6. More specifically, vape shops located in Hispanic/Latino communities were significantly more likely to offer walk-in service during Assessment 1 (during the shutdown), and vape shops in Hispanic/Latino and Korean/Asian were significantly more likely to offer walk-in service during Assessment 6 (after the re-opening). This study demonstrates high rates of noncompliance with shutdown orders among vape shops located in ethnic communities, thus suggesting higher contextual risk factors of COVID-19 exposure among certain ethnic communities.
- Published
- 2021
22. Signs and customer behaviors at vape shops: Multivariate multilevel model analysis.
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Huh, Jimi, Meza, Leah, Galstyan, Ellen, Galimov, Artur, Yu, Sheila, Unger, Jennifer B, Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes, and Sussman, Steve
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Customer behaviors ,Signage displays ,Vape shop ,Psychology - Abstract
IntroductionThis study examined vape shop customers' behaviors in relation to shop display practices. We hypothesized that display of signs conveying supportive attitude toward vaping at vape shops would be positively associated with customer purchasing and in-shop vaping behaviors.MethodsWe recruited vape shops throughout Southern California (N = 122). Trained teams of data collectors visited each of the consented vape shops, observed customers' characteristics and behaviors (N = 254) and coded items in the shops that were visible and on display. We conducted a multivariate multilevel analysis to account for the data structure where customers were nested within vape shops.ResultsMale customers were more likely to purchase e-liquid at the shop than female customers (p
- Published
- 2020
23. Notes From the Field: Vape Shop Business Operations Compliance in the Wake of COVID-19
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Medel, Donna, Meza, Leah, Galimov, Artur, Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes, and Sussman, Steve
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Betacoronavirus ,COVID-19 ,California ,Commerce ,Communication ,Cooperative Behavior ,Coronavirus ,Coronavirus Infections ,Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Pandemics ,Pneumonia ,Viral ,Residence Characteristics ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Social Control Policies ,Vaping ,compliance ,nonessential businesses ,vape shops ,Public Health and Health Services ,Public health - Abstract
The novel 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the closing of all but essential businesses in California. However, several nonessential businesses have remained open in Southern California despite the mandated "stay at home" order issued by the governor. As part of an ongoing vape shop project involving 88 participating shops, this study investigated the number of vape shops that remained open amidst the coronavirus outbreak and related mandates. Examination of shop social media websites and telephone calls to shops revealed that 61.4% (n = 54) have remained open, particularly within Korean/Asian and Hispanic/Latino ethnic locations (32 of the 54 shops). Importantly, walk-in service was much higher within Hispanic/Latino locations compared to African American, Korean/Asian, or non-Hispanic White neighborhoods (p = 0.03). It is not known if shops that stayed open were in direct violation of the order, didn't know all the details of the order, or found a loophole in the order and believed that they were an essential business. Better communication between the vape shop industry and public health officials during this pandemic is needed.
- Published
- 2020
24. Predictors of Vape Shops Going out of Business in Southern California
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Galimov, Artur, Galstyan, Ellen, Yu, Sheila, Smiley, Sabrina L, Meza, Leah, Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes, Unger, Jennifer B, and Sussman, Steve
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Rehabilitation ,Good Health and Well Being ,Deeming Regulation ,Southern California ,e-cigarette retailers ,e-cigarettes ,vape shops ,Epidemiology - Abstract
ObjectivesVape shops have proliferated in the United States (US) in recent years. As of May 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) asserted its authority to regulate electronic nicotine delivery systems. It is critical to understand how these polices have affected the vape shop industry, as the rise and fall of vape shop proliferation has the potential for influencing public health.MethodsIn this longitudinal study, we examined factors associated with vape shop (N = 77) closure over a 2-1/2-year period in southern California. We assessed predictors of vape shops going out of business using a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsAmong 77 vape shops assessed at baseline, 44.2% closed over a 2-1/2-year period. The absence of a "bar type" physical environment (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.12-6.20), poorer shop accessibility (OR = 7.11, 95% CI = 1.17-43.24), fewer reports of qualified personnel (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.12-4.64), less average time spent in shop by customers (OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.18-19.60), a narrower e-liquid flavor selection (OR = 6.55, 95% CI = 1.56-27.49), and less vape device diversity (OR = 2.36, 95% C = 1.13-4.91) predicted vape shop closure.ConclusionsThe rise and subsequent decline in vape shops could potentially affect public health. However, there needs to be more research on their association with public health..
- Published
- 2020
25. Vape-only versus vape-and-smoke shops: sales to minors in four states.
- Author
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Sussman, Steve, Galimov, Artur, and Delnevo, Cristine D
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electronic nicotine delivery devices ,nicotine ,public policy ,tobacco industry ,Public Health - Published
- 2020
26. Hidden flaws in e-cigarette industry-funded studies
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Soule, Eric K, primary, Rossheim, Matthew E, additional, Livingston, Melvin D, additional, LoParco, Cassidy R, additional, Tillett, Kayla K, additional, Eissenberg, Thomas, additional, and Sussman, Steve, additional
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Smoking prevalence among Asian Americans: Associations with education, acculturation, and gender
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Ra, Chaelin K., Pehlivan, Nazife, Kim, Ho, Sussman, Steve, Unger, Jennifer B., and Businelle, Michael S.
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- 2022
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28. Developing and Validating a Novel Anonymous Method for Matching Longitudinal School-Based Data
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Agley, Jon, Tidd, David, Jun, Mikyoung, Eldridge, Lori, Xiao, Yunyu, Sussman, Steve, Jayawardene, Wasantha, Agley, Daniel, Gassman, Ruth, and Dickinson, Stephanie L.
- Abstract
Prospective longitudinal data collection is an important way for researchers and evaluators to assess change. In school-based settings, for low-risk and/or likely-beneficial interventions or surveys, data quality and ethical standards are both arguably stronger when using a waiver of parental consent--but doing so often requires the use of anonymous data collection methods. The standard solution to this problem has been the use of a self-generated identification code. However, such codes often incorporate personalized elements (e.g., birth month, middle initial) that, even when meeting the technical standard for anonymity, may raise concerns among both youth participants and their parents, potentially altering willingness to participate, response quality, or generating outrage. There may be value, therefore, in developing a self-generated identification code and matching approach that not only is technically anonymous but also appears anonymous to a research-naive individual. This article provides a proof of concept for a novel matching approach for school-based longitudinal data collection that potentially accomplishes this goal.
- Published
- 2021
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29. Prevalence, Co-Occurrence, and Correlates of Substance and Behavioral Addictions among American Indian Adolescents in California
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Sussman, Steve, Unger, Jennifer B., Begay, Cynthia, Moerner, Lou, and Soto, Claradina
- Abstract
The present study investigated the prevalence and co-occurrence of addictions to tobacco, alcohol, other drugs, food/eating, the internet, texting, video games, shopping, love, sex, exercise, work, and gambling among American Indian (AI) youth in California. As with previous work in other cultural groups, the most prevalent addictions were love, internet, and exercise, though prevalence and co-occurrence of these addictions were relatively high among AI youth. A negative life events measure was associated with all the addictions, suggesting that life stressors are associated with high rates of multiple types of addictions among AI youth. There is a need for more research to better understand the relations of life stressors with multiple addictions among AI youth as well as how to remediate these behaviors.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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30. Commentary: The Emergence of Pod Mods at Vape Shops
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Galstyan, Ellen, Galimov, Artur, and Sussman, Steve
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Tobacco ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Good Health and Well Being ,Industry ,Innovation and Infrastructure ,Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ,Humans ,Marketing ,United States ,Vaping ,electronic cigarettes ,health ,pod mods ,vape shops ,Public Health and Health Services ,Public health - Abstract
The vape shop industry is a rapidly growing market sector with a constantly changing product landscape. The rapid evolution of nicotine delivery systems, most notably the emergence of salt nicotine e-juice and pod mod devices, have resulted in a sudden shift in the product market, suggesting new implications for the health professions in addressing electronic cigarette use.
- Published
- 2019
31. Ten myths (or facts?) about workaholism: An appetitive motivation framework.
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Sussman, Steve
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Humans ,Behavior ,Addictive ,Motivation ,appetitive motivation ,myths ,work addiction ,Behavior ,Addictive - Abstract
This commentary intends to provide constructive input into the "Ten myths about work addiction" by Griiffiths et al. (2018). I place the information into an appetitive motivation theoretical lens of addiction as well as outline the kernels of truth associated with each myth. Advancement of an understanding of the underlying mechanisms of addiction demands consideration that any number of appetitive-associated behaviors might become disrupted - including those at the workplace.
- Published
- 2018
32. Effects of multiple adverse childhood experiences on substance use in young adults: A review of the literature
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Rogers, Christopher J., Pakdaman, Sheila, Forster, Myriam, Sussman, Steve, Grigsby, Timothy J., Victoria, Jazmine, and Unger, Jennifer B.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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33. Smoking-related psychosocial beliefs and justifications among smokers in India: Findings from Tobacco Control Policy (TCP) India Surveys
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Sidhu, Anupreet K., Pednekar, Mangesh S., Fong, Geoffrey T., Gupta, Prakash C., Quah, Anne C. K., Unger, Jennifer, Sussman, Steve, Sood, Neeraj, Wipfli, Heather, and Valente, Thomas
- Published
- 2022
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34. Nicotine Dependence and Prevention in Integrated Care Settings
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Galstyan, Ellen, Sussman, Steve, O’Donohue, William, editor, and Zimmermann, Martha, editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Alcohol use and life stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study of young adults.
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Cho, Junhan, Sussman, Steve, Kechter, Afton, Vogel, Erin A., Barrington-Trimis, Jessica L., Unger, Jennifer B., and Leventhal, Adam M.
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RESEARCH funding ,DATA analysis ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,LONGITUDINAL method ,SURVEYS ,ODDS ratio ,EXPERIENCE ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,STATISTICS ,ALCOHOL drinking ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,COVID-19 pandemic ,REGRESSION analysis ,SOCIAL isolation - Abstract
To estimate the extent to which drinking to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic and experiencing pandemic-related life stressors are associated with alcohol use escalation among young adults. Respondents in Los Angeles, CA, USA (N = 2,130) completed prospective cohort study surveys before (baseline; October 2018–November 2019; mean age: 19.7[SD = 0.4]) and during (follow-up; May–August 2020) the COVID-19 outbreak. Past 30-day drinking days and number of drinks per drinking day were assessed from baseline to follow-up. At follow-up, participants reported drinking to cope with social isolation and pandemic-related stressors. Pandemic-related stressor prevalence ranged from 5.5% (evicted/lost home) to 72.6% (worried about education) and 27.1% drank to cope with social isolation during the pandemic. Respondents who did (vs. did not) report pandemic-related coping drinking were more likely to increase past 30-day drinking days and drinks per drinking day from baseline to follow-up after adjustment for possible confounders. Employment loss/reduction, financial problems, and perceived likelihood of contracting COVID-19 or handling the pandemic poorly were each associated with increases in drinking days or drinks per drinking day. Experiencing certain life stressors and drinking to cope with social isolation may be associated with drinking escalation among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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36. Russian Adolescent Sexual Behaviour and Contraceptive Knowledge
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Bolshakova, Maria, Galimov, Artur, Unger, Jennifer B., Rohrbach, Louise A., and Sussman, Steve
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Lack of sex education in schools has been an ongoing issue in Russia, mainly due to conservative opposition to providing accurate sexual health information openly. Many adolescents may be misinformed about contraceptive methods and may not have reliable access to effective contraception. This study assessed sexual behaviour and knowledge of contraceptives among Russian adolescents in the republic of Bashkortostan. Among a convenience sample of 716 Russian high school youth, 60% lacked information about modern contraceptive methods other than condoms. Being male, older, having had school disciplinary problems, and lifetime use of substances were associated with increased likelihood of having sexual intercourse in one's lifetime. Of the sub-sample of participants who had engaged in sexual intercourse, 43.2% endorsed one or more items on an index of sexual risk taking (e.g. multiple partners, no condom use). Additionally, the use of hard drugs and being of other ethnicity relative to Russian (e.g., mixed, Bashkir, Tartar) was associated with risky sexual behaviour. Lack of knowledge of effective contraceptives and the high prevalence of risky sexual behaviours warrants further research into this topic, as well as a call for sexual education programmes in the country.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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37. Tobacco regulatory compliance with STAKE Act age-of-sale signage among licensed tobacco retailers across diverse neighborhoods in Southern California.
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Sussman, Steve, Cruz, Tess Boley, Smiley, Sabrina L, Chou, Chih-Ping, Unger, Jennifer B, Kintz, Natalie, Rodriguez, Yaneth L, Barahona, Rosa, Lienemann, Brianna A, Pentz, Mary Ann, Samet, Jonathan, and Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes
- Subjects
age-of-sale signs ,compliance ,licensed tobacco retailers ,race/ethnicity ,tobacco ,Clinical Research ,Cancer ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Tobacco ,Prevention ,Clinical Sciences - Abstract
IntroductionThe California Stop Tobacco Access to Kids Enforcement (STAKE) Act requires licensed tobacco retailers to post minimum age-of-sale signage at the point of sale. This study investigated STAKE Act compliance in licensed tobacco retailers across four racial/ethnic communities in Southern California.MethodsThe sample consisted of 675 licensed tobacco retailers (excluding chain store supermarkets and pharmacies) randomly selected based on zip codes from predominantly non-Hispanic White (n=196), African American (n=193), Hispanic/Latino (n=186), and Korean American (n=100) communities. A protocol for assessing signage was completed at each store by community health workers (promotoras de salud). The law changed from a minimum age of 18 to 21 years (Tobacco 21) during data collection, as of 9 June 2016. Differences in signage compliance were evaluated before and after changes in the State law.ResultsOverall, 45% of the stores were compliant with posting the required age-of-sale signage (which varied in minimum age by date of collection); 14% of stores did not have any store interior age-of-sale signs, and 41% of stores had some type of age-of-sale sign but were not compliant with the STAKE Act (e.g. 29.5% of the stores had non-compliant tobacco industry We Card signs but not STAKE Act signs). Stores observed after the 2016 implementation of Tobacco 21 had significantly lower STAKE Act signage compliance rates (38.6%) compared to stores observed before the change in the State law (70.9%) (z=6.8623, p
- Published
- 2018
38. Tobacco regulatory compliance with STAKE Act age-ofsale signage among licensed tobacco retailers across diverse neighborhoods in Southern California
- Author
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Sussman, Steve, Cruz, Tess Boley, Smiley, Sabrina L, Chou, Chih-Ping, Unger, Jennifer B, Kintz, Natalie, Rodriguez, Yaneth L, Barahona, Rosa, Lienemann, Brianna A, Pentz, Mary Ann, Samet, Jonathan, and Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes
- Subjects
Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Tobacco ,Cancer ,Good Health and Well Being ,tobacco ,age-of-sale signs ,compliance ,licensed tobacco retailers ,race/ethnicity ,Clinical Sciences ,Public health - Abstract
IntroductionThe California Stop Tobacco Access to Kids Enforcement (STAKE) Act requires licensed tobacco retailers to post minimum age-of-sale signage at the point of sale. This study investigated STAKE Act compliance in licensed tobacco retailers across four racial/ethnic communities in Southern California.MethodsThe sample consisted of 675 licensed tobacco retailers (excluding chain store supermarkets and pharmacies) randomly selected based on zip codes from predominantly non-Hispanic White (n=196), African American (n=193), Hispanic/Latino (n=186), and Korean American (n=100) communities. A protocol for assessing signage was completed at each store by community health workers (promotoras de salud). The law changed from a minimum age of 18 to 21 years (Tobacco 21) during data collection, as of 9 June 2016. Differences in signage compliance were evaluated before and after changes in the State law.ResultsOverall, 45% of the stores were compliant with posting the required age-of-sale signage (which varied in minimum age by date of collection); 14% of stores did not have any store interior age-of-sale signs, and 41% of stores had some type of age-of-sale sign but were not compliant with the STAKE Act (e.g. 29.5% of the stores had non-compliant tobacco industry We Card signs but not STAKE Act signs). Stores observed after the 2016 implementation of Tobacco 21 had significantly lower STAKE Act signage compliance rates (38.6%) compared to stores observed before the change in the State law (70.9%) (z=6.8623, p
- Published
- 2018
39. A Descriptive Longitudinal Study of Changes in Vape Shop Characteristics and Store Policies in Anticipation of the 2016 FDA Regulations of Tobacco Products, Including E-Cigarettes.
- Author
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Yu, Sheila, Escobedo, Patricia, Garcia, Robert, Cruz, Tess Boley, Unger, Jennifer B, Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes, Meza, Leah, and Sussman, Steve
- Subjects
Humans ,Awareness ,Perception ,United States Food and Drug Administration ,Government Regulation ,Commerce ,Adult ,United States ,Los Angeles ,Female ,Male ,Young Adult ,Policy ,Tobacco Products ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ,Deeming Rule ,FDA ,electronic cigarettes ,longitudinal ,public health ,vape shops ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Cancer ,Tobacco ,Toxicology - Abstract
After proposing the "Deeming Rule" in 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) began regulating the manufacturing, marketing, and sales of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products as tobacco products in 2016. The current study conducted vape shop store observations and surveyed Los Angeles-area shop employees (assessing their beliefs, awareness, and perceptions of e-cigarettes and related FDA regulations) at two time points one year apart to better understand what vape shop retailers would do given FDA's soon-to-be-enacted Deeming Rule. The study also compared retailer beliefs/awareness/actions and store characteristics immediately after the Deeming Rule proposal versus a year after the Rule had been proposed, right before its enactment. Two data collection waves occurred before the Deeming Rule enactment, with Year 1 surveying 77 shops (2014) and Year 2 surveying 61 shops (2015-2016). Between the data collection points, 16 shops had closed. Among the shops that were open at both time points, the majority (95% in Year 1; 74% in Year 2) were aware of some FDA regulations or other policies applying to vape shops. However, overall awareness of FDA regulations and state/local policies governing e-cigarettes significantly decreased from Year 1 to Year 2. At both time points, all shops offered customers free puffs of nicotine-containing e-liquids (prohibited by the then upcoming Deeming Rule). Perceptions of e-cigarette safety also significantly decreased between the years. Exploring vape shop retailer perceptions and store policies (i.e., free puffs/samples displays, perceptions of e-cigarette safety, etc.) over time will help the FDA assess the needs of the vape shop community and develop more effective retailer education campaigns and materials targeted to increase compliance with the newly enacted regulations.
- Published
- 2018
40. Impulsivity and history of behavioral addictions are associated with drug use in adolescents.
- Author
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Chuang, Cheng-Wei I, Sussman, Steve, Stone, Matthew D, Pang, Raina D, Chou, Chih-Ping, Leventhal, Adam M, and Kirkpatrick, Matthew G
- Subjects
Humans ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Risk Factors ,Adolescent Behavior ,Impulsive Behavior ,Behavior ,Addictive ,Comorbidity ,Adolescent ,Los Angeles ,Female ,Male ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Adolescents ,Alcohol ,Behavioral addiction ,Impulsivity ,Marijuana ,Tobacco ,Genetic Testing ,Substance Abuse ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Genetics ,Drug Abuse (NIDA Only) ,Prevention ,Pediatric ,Brain Disorders ,Pediatric Research Initiative ,Cannabinoid Research ,Alcoholism ,Alcohol Use and Health ,Clinical Research ,2.3 Psychological ,social and economic factors ,Mental health ,Public Health and Health Services ,Psychology - Abstract
BackgroundPrevious literature suggests that trait impulsivity and engagement in non-drug-related behavioral addictions (e.g., Internet addiction, food addiction) are two risk factors for drug use. Here we further investigated the potential impact of having one or both of these risk factors on drug use in Los Angeles area adolescents.MethodHigh school students (N=1612; Mean age=14.1) completed self-report surveys measuring two potential risk factors (impulsivity, lifetime history of several behavioral addictions), and past 6-month use of tobacco, alcohol and marijuana. Participants who reported never using drugs completed questionnaires assessing their susceptibility for future use.ResultsIn general, adolescents who endorsed either impulsivity alone or at least two behavioral addictions alone were more likely to have used tobacco, alcohol, or marijuana compared to individuals who had neither risk factor (OR=2.50-4.13), and individuals who endorsed both impulsivity and three or more behavioral addictions were the most likely to have used these drugs (OR=9.40-10.13). Similarly, among those who had never tried a drug, individuals with this combined set of risk factors were the most likely to be susceptible to future drug use (OR=3.37-5.04).DiscussionThese results indicate that the combination of trait impulsivity and a history of behavioral addictions increases the risk for current and future drug use in adolescents, to a greater extent than either risk factor alone. It may be useful for drug prevention efforts to target impulsive adolescents who also actively engage in other non-drug-related addictive behaviors.
- Published
- 2017
41. E-cigarette Regulatory Attitudes in Groups with Low Policy Support
- Author
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Unger, Jennifer B, Barker, Dianne C, Sussman, Steve, Soto, Daniel W, and Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes
- Published
- 2017
42. Commentary: Similarities and Differences Between Harm-Reduction and Substitute Addiction-- Implications for the Health Professions
- Author
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Sussman, Steve, primary, Sinclair, Deborah L., additional, Clifasefi, Seema L., additional, and Collins, Susan E., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Profiles of potential behavioral addictions' severity and their associations with gender, personality, and well-being: A person-centered approach
- Author
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Charzyńska, Edyta, Sussman, Steve, and Atroszko, Paweł A.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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44. Psychometric Evaluation of the E-cigarette Dependence Scale
- Author
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Morean, Meghan E., Krishnan-Sarin, Suchitra, Sussman, Steve, Foulds, Jonathan, Fishbein, Howard, Grana, Rachel, and O’Malley, Stephanie S.
- Published
- 2019
45. Treating behavioural addictions that lack diagnostic criteria
- Author
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Sussman, Steve and Sinclair, Deborah Louise
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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46. Vape Shops: The E-cigarette marketplace
- Author
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Sussman, Steve and Barker, Diana
- Subjects
Tobacco ,Smoking and Health - Published
- 2017
47. The Associations between Yelp Online Reviews and Vape Shops Closing or Remaining Open One Year Later.
- Author
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Kong, Grace, Unger, Jennifer, Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes, and Sussman, Steve
- Subjects
Yelp ,electronic cigarettes ,retail ,tobacco regulation ,vape shops - Abstract
INTRODUCTION:Vape shops are popular brick-and-mortar stores that sell e-cigarette products but are not understood well. Previous analysis of Yelp reviews of vape shops located in various ethnic neighborhoods in Los Angeles, California in 2014 identified characteristics of vape shop as delineated by consumers. In this study, we assessed the associations between these characteristics and vape shops going out of business in 2015. METHODS:Content analysis of Yelp reviews of 72 vape shops in 2014 identified 1) general characteristics of the reviews/reviewers, 2) vape shop, staff, and marketing attributes, 3) physical environment, and 4) health claims. In 2015, in-person visits confirmed that 22% of these vape shops closed permanently. We analyzed whether characteristics/attributes identified in 2014 associated with stores remaining open (n = 56) or permanently closing (n = 16) in 2015. RESULTS:Univariate findings showed that open vape shops relative to closed shops had greater 1) number of reviews, 2) rebuilds/fixings, 3) ratings of staff attributes as "helpful/patient/respectful," and 4) report of the physical environment as "bar type." CONCLUSIONS:Bar type vape shops and those with rebuilding/fixing capabilities were associated with staying open, suggesting the popularity of these attributes. Yelp consumer reviews is a useful research tool to identify consumer-determined important sustaining attributes of vape shops and may be used to identify aspects of enduring shops that need regulations.
- Published
- 2017
48. Who walks into vape shops in Southern California?: a naturalistic observation of customers
- Author
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Sussman, Steve, Allem, Jon-Patrick, Garcia, Jocelyn, Unger, Jennifer B, Cruz, Tess Boley, Garcia, Robert, and Baezconde-Garbanati, Lourdes
- Subjects
Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Good Health and Well Being ,Vape shop ,Electronic cigarette ,E-cigarette ,Retail ,Tobacco regulation ,Clinical Sciences ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundThe rising popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has been accompanied by the proliferation of vape shops in the United States. Vape shops are devoted to the sale of e-cigarettes and e-juices. This study aimed to describe the age, gender, and ethnicity of customers who frequent these shops, determine whether conversations transpire between retailers and customers, as well as identify the types of activities taking place while customers are inside the store.MethodsA naturalistic observation study of 186 customers in 59 vape shops in Southern California was completed in locations that were relatively high in Korean, Non-Hispanic white, Hispanic, or African American ethnicity.ResultsAcross all shops, the average estimated age of customers was 30.29 years old (SD = 9.70), 53 % were estimated to be non-Hispanic white, and 79 % were males; few minors entered the shops. Conversations about vaping related topics were prevalent (e.g., sampling e-juices, receiving help on hardware, and talking about vaping). Purchases were commonly observed as well as customers lounging in the shop.ConclusionVape shops provide consumers a place to purchase and discuss e-cigarettes and offer an environment that serves as a place of recreation with customers lounging once inside. Findings should inform local tobacco control efforts and regulatory policies in the future.
- Published
- 2016
49. “I’m using cigarettes to quit JUUL”: An analysis of Twitter posts about JUUL cessation
- Author
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Unger, Jennifer B., Rogers, Christopher, Barrington-Trimis, Jessica, Majmundar, Anuja, Sussman, Steve, Allem, Jon-Patrick, Soto, Daniel W., and Cruz, Tess Boley
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Vape shop owners’/managers’ attitudes about CBD, THC, and marijuana legal markets
- Author
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Berg, Carla J., Getachew, Betelihem, Pulvers, Kim, Sussman, Steve, Wagener, Theodore L., Meyers, Christina, Park, Amy, Dorvil, Sarah, Patterson, Akilah, Weber, Amber, Hayes, Rashelle B., Barker, Dianne C., and Henriksen, Lisa
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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