30 results on '"Svoboda, M E"'
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2. Somatomedin-C stimulates the phosphorylation of the beta-subunit of its own receptor.
- Author
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Jacobs, S, Kull, F C, Earp, H S, Svoboda, M E, Van Wyk, J J, and Cuatrecasas, P
- Abstract
Phosphorylation of the somatomedin-C receptor was investigated both in intact IM-9 cells and in IM-9 cells that had been solubilized with Triton X-100. Intact IM-9 cells were incubated with [32P]H3PO4 for 1 h and for an additional 5 min in the absence or presence of insulin or somatomedin-C. The cells were then solubilized and subjected to wheat germ agglutinin Sepharose chromatography. The extent of phosphorylation of insulin and somatomedin-C receptors was assessed by immunoprecipitating the wheat germ agglutinin Sepharose eluates with monoclonal antibodies specific for each receptor and analyzing the immunoprecipitates by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The beta-subunits of both receptors were phosphorylated in the absence of hormone, and the extent of phosphorylation of each receptor was enhanced by both hormones. However, each hormone was more potent than the other in enhancing phosphorylation of its own receptor. The beta-subunit of the somatomedin-C receptor was also phosphorylated when solubilized IM-9 cells that had been purified on wheat germ agglutinin Sepharose were incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP. In this soluble preparation, phosphorylation occurred on tyrosyl residues and was enhanced by concentrations of somatomedin-C in the range of 2.5 to 250 ng/ml, which is consistent with its receptor affinity. Tyrosyl phosphorylation of the somatomedin-C receptor also occurred when highly purified receptor, prepared by wheat germ agglutinin Sepharose affinity chromatography followed by immunoprecipitation, was incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP. This indicates that the responsible tyrosyl kinase activity is intrinsic to the receptor or tightly associated with it.
- Published
- 1983
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3. Insulin-like growth factor II binding to the type I somatomedin receptor. Evidence for two high affinity binding sites.
- Author
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Casella, S J, Han, V K, D'Ercole, A J, Svoboda, M E, and Van Wyk, J J
- Abstract
We have previously shown that the antireceptor antibody alpha IR-3 inhibits binding of 125I-somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (Sm-C/IGF-I) to the 130-kDa alpha subunit of the type I receptor in human placental membranes, but does not block 125I-insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) binding to a similar 130-kDa complex in these membranes. To determine whether the 130-kDa 125I-IGF-II binding complex represents a homologous receptor or whether 125I-IGF-II binds to the type I receptor at a site that is not blocked by alpha IR-3, type I receptors were purified by affinity chromatography on Sepharose linked alpha IR-3. The purified receptors bound both 125I-Sm-C/IGF-I and 125I-IGF-II avidly (KD = 2.0 X 10(-10) M and 3.0 X 10(-10) M, respectively). The maximal inhibition of 125I-Sm-C/IGF-I binding by the antibody, however, was 62% while only 15% of 125I-IGF-II binding was inhibited by alpha IR-3. In the presence of 500 nM alpha IR-3, Sm-C/IGF-I bound with lower affinity (KD = 6.5 X 10(-10) M) than IGF-II (KD = 4.5 X 10(-10) M) and IGF-II was the more potent inhibitor of 125I-Sm-C/IGF-I binding. These findings suggest that the type I receptor contains two different binding sites. The site designated IA has highest affinity for Sm-C/IGF-I and is blocked by alpha IR-3. Site IB has higher affinity for IGF-II than for Sm-C/IGF-I and is not blocked by alpha IR-3.
- Published
- 1986
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4. Lentropin, a protein that controls lens fiber formation, is related functionally and immunologically to the insulin-like growth factors.
- Author
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Beebe, D C, Silver, M H, Belcher, K S, Van Wyk, J J, Svoboda, M E, and Zelenka, P S
- Abstract
Lentropin, a factor present in the vitreous humor of the eye, stimulates lens fiber differentiation from chicken embryo lens epithelial cells in vitro. Lentropin has been partially purified but has not been isolated in sufficient quantity or purity for direct comparison with other growth and differentiation factors. Previous studies have shown that insulin and fetal bovine serum share with lentropin the ability to stimulate lens fiber formation from cultured epithelial cells. In the present study, a number of hormones and growth factors were assayed for lentropin activity. Of those tested, the only substances that had this activity were the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) somatomedin C (Sm-C/IGF-I) and multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA/IGF-II). Sm-C/IGF-I was approximately 30 times more potent than insulin or MSA/IGF-II in promoting fiber cell formation. A monoclonal antibody to human Sm-C/IGF-I inhibited purified Sm-C/IGF-I, fetal bovine serum, and chicken vitreous humor from stimulating fiber cell differentiation in vitro. This antibody has been shown not to crossreact with insulin and did not block insulin-stimulated lens fiber formation. These findings indicate that lentropin is related to the IGFs and that these factors may play important roles in controlling cell differentiation, in addition to their better-known ability to stimulate cell division.
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- 1987
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5. Monoclonal antibodies to receptors for insulin and somatomedin-C.
- Author
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Kull, F C, Jacobs, S, Su, Y F, Svoboda, M E, Van Wyk, J J, and Cuatrecasas, P
- Abstract
Three monoclonal antibodies, designated alpha IR-1, alpha IR-2, and alpha IR-3, were prepared by fusing FO myeloma cells with spleen cells from a mouse immunized with a partially purified preparation of insulin receptors from human placenta. These antibodies were characterized by their ability to immunoprecipitate solubilized receptors labeled with 125I-insulin or 125I-somatomedin-C in the presence or absence of various concentrations of unlabeled insulin or somatomedin-C. alpha IR-1 preferentially immunoprecipitates insulin receptors and also less effectively immunoprecipitates somatomedin-C receptors, while alpha IR-2 and alph IR-3 preferentially immunoprecipitate somatomedin-C receptors, but may also weakly immunoprecipitate insulin receptors. These three monoclonal antibodies, as well as A410, a rabbit polyclonal antibody, were used to immunoprecipitate insulin and somatomedin-C receptors from solubilized human lymphoid (IM-9) cells and human placenta membranes that had been 125I-labeled with lactoperoxidase. Analysis of the immunoprecipitates by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that both receptors are composed of alpha and beta subunits. The beta subunit of the insulin receptor (immunoprecipitated by alpha IR-1 and A410) has a slightly more rapid mobility than the corresponding subunit of the somatomedin-C receptor (immunoprecipitated by alpha IR-2 and alpha IR-3). Interestingly, the alpha subunit of the placenta somatomedin-C receptor has a slightly faster mobility than its counterpart from IM-9 cells. Immunoprecipitation of receptor that had been reduced and denatured to generate isolated subunits indicates that alpha IR-2 and alpha IR-3 interact with the alpha subunit of the somatomedin-C receptor while A410 interacts with both subunits of the insulin receptor. alpha IR-1 failed to react with reduced and denatured receptors.
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- 1983
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6. Follicle-stimulating hormone enhances somatomedin C binding to cultured rat granulosa cells. Evidence for cAMP dependence.
- Author
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Adashi, E Y, Resnick, C E, Svoboda, M E, and Van Wyk, J J
- Abstract
The ovarian granulosa cell has recently been shown to be the site of Somatomedin C (Sm-C) production, reception, and action. To further elucidate the relevance of Sm-C to granulosa cell physiology, we have undertaken to study the regulation of its receptor under in vitro conditions using a primary culture of rat granulosa cells. Granulosa cells cultured without treatment for 72 h displayed limited, albeit measurable, specific Sm-C binding. However, continuous treatment with increasing concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for the duration of the 72-h incubation period resulted in dose-dependent increments in Sm-C binding (1.7-, 2.9-, 3.9-, and 3.6-fold increases over untreated controls for 50, 100, 180, and 330 ng/ml of FSH, respectively). This apparent up regulatory action of FSH proved time-dependent, with a minimal time requirement of 24-48 h. Granulosa cell Sm-C binding was similarly enhanced following elevation of the intracellular cAMP content by a series of cAMP-generating agonists, inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase activity, or the provision of nondegradable cAMP analogs. Our findings further indicate that high dose forskolin, like FSH, is capable of augmenting Sm-C binding by itself, that a relatively inactive low dose of forskolin synergizes with FSH in this regard, but that combined treatment with maximal stimulatory doses of both agonists does not prove additive. Taken together, these observations indicate that FSH is capable of exerting a stimulatory effect on granulosa cell Sm-C binding and that cAMP, its purported intracellular second messenger, may play an intermediary role in this regard.
- Published
- 1986
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7. Serum Concentrations of Insulin-Like Growth Factor II Are Not Changed by Short Term Fasting And Refeeding*
- Author
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DAVENPORT, M. L., primary, SVOBODA, M. E., additional, KOERBER, K. L., additional, VAN WYK, J. J., additional, CLEMMONS, D. R., additional, and UNDERWOOD, L. E., additional
- Published
- 1988
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8. Characterization of a Specific Somatomedin-C Receptor on Isolated Bovine Growth Plate Chondrocytes*
- Author
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TRIPPEL, S. B., primary, VAN WYK, J. J., additional, FOSTER, M. B., additional, and SVOBODA, M. E., additional
- Published
- 1983
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9. Characterization of a hormone-inducible, high affinity adenosine 3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase from the rat Sertoli cell.
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Conti M, Iona S, Cuomo M, Swinnen JV, Odeh J, and Svoboda ME
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- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases chemistry, 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases metabolism, Animals, Blotting, Western, Bucladesine pharmacology, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Cyclic AMP metabolism, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Follicle Stimulating Hormone pharmacology, Hydrolysis, Immunosorbent Techniques, Kinetics, Macromolecular Substances, Magnesium pharmacology, Male, Molecular Weight, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases isolation & purification, Sertoli Cells enzymology
- Abstract
In previous reports we have shown that FSH and beta-adrenergic agonists regulate the levels of mRNA and increase the activity of a high affinity cAMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) in the immature rat Sertoli cell in culture. To identify and characterize the hormone-inducible form(s), the cAMP-PDE activity of the Sertoli cell was partially purified and its properties were determined using biochemical and immunological tools. The cAMP-PDE activity present in the 100,000g supernatant of Sertoli cell extracts was purified more than 2000-fold by four HPLC chromatographic steps. The major purified form of cAMP-PDE had a specific activity of 1-2 mumol/(min.mg of protein). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining analysis showed that a 67-68 kDa polypeptide comigrated with the major peak of cAMP hydrolytic activity. The molecular weight of the crude or purified enzyme determined by gel filtration and sucrose density gradients was 150,000, suggesting that the native enzyme is an oligomeric structure. This PDE hydrolyzed cAMP with a Km of 1.97 +/- 0.26 microM. The hydrolysis of cAMP was neither inhibited nor stimulated by cGMP concentrations lower than 50 microM. Cyclic nucleotide catalysis required Mg2+, but was insensitive to Ca2+. The activity of this form was competitively inhibited by several inhibitors with the following potency: rolipram > RO 20-1724 > methylisobutylxanthine > cilostamide = milrinone. Because mRNAs derived from two distinct PDE4B and PDE4D genes are present in the Sertoli cell, selective and nonselective PDE antibodies were used to determine the origin of the inducible PDE protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1995
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10. Partial characterization of a somatomedin-like peptide from the medium of cultured rat Sertoli cells.
- Author
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Smith EP, Svoboda ME, Van Wyk JJ, Kierszenbaum AL, and Tres LL
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- Age Factors, Animals, Biological Assay, Cell Cycle drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Culture Media, Isoelectric Point, Male, Mice, Molecular Weight, Rats, Receptor, Insulin metabolism, Receptors, Somatomedin, Sertoli Cells metabolism, Somatomedins isolation & purification
- Abstract
A peptide that is recognized by antibodies to human somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (Sm-C/IGF-I) has been partially purified from cultured Sertoli cells prepared from sexually immature rats. The mol wt of this peptide is about 25,000, as determined by gel filtration chromatography and immunoblot analysis of samples resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing indicated that the isoelectric point of this peptide was near neutrality. However, a smaller peptide of mol wt 8,000 that cross-reacted with antibodies to Sm-C/IGF-I, was released after gel filtration in acetic acid. Similarly, reverse phase HPLC on a C18 column under acidic conditions released a Sm-C/IGF-I immunoreactive peptide of 8,000 mol wt. This smaller species apparently resulted from the dissociation of this peptide from a binding protein. Unlike the larger neutral form, the isoelectric point of the smaller peptide was 9.8. This pI is similar to the GH-dependent Sm-C/IGF-I peptide isolated from rat serum. The small peptide, unlike the larger form, reacted in a parallel manner to human Sm-C/IGF-I in the Sm-C/IGF-I RIA and radioreceptor assays. In addition, the 8,000 mol wt peptide behaved as a progression factor in the BALB/c-3T3 assay and competed with [125I]Sm-C/IGF-I for binding to the type I Sm-C/IGF-I receptor from cultured rat Sertoli cells. In summary, results of this study demonstrate that rat Sertoli cells in culture secrete a peptide that is the rat equivalent of human Sm-C/IGF-I.
- Published
- 1987
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11. Derivation of monoclonal antibodies to human somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor I.
- Author
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Gillespie GY, Van Wyk JJ, Underwood LE, and Svoboda ME
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- Animals, Immunoglobulins, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I analysis, Iodine Radioisotopes, Antibodies, Monoclonal biosynthesis, Antibodies, Monoclonal isolation & purification, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I immunology, Somatomedins immunology
- Abstract
Somatomedin C, also called insulin-like growth factor I (Sm-C/IGF-I), is a highly conserved polypeptide required for the proliferation of many cell types. Since several attempts in our laboratory to recover monoclonal antibody-secreting hybrids to this peptide by the direct fusion of hyperimmunized splenocytes with myeloma cells had been unsuccessful, we modified our approach by coculturing hyperimmunized BALB/c splenocytes and a small amount of the antigen for 5 days prior to fusion with the P3X63Ag.8.653 myeloma cell line. Of 88 microcultures at risk, specific antibody was detected in 24. Two clones were expanded in ascites fluid and characterized as to isotype, affinity, and specificity. Both were IgG1,kappa and bound human Sm-C/IGF-I with affinity constants of 1.09 and 1.01 X 10(10) liter/mol, respectively. Both clones were quite specific for Sm-C/IGF-I with inconsequential binding to insulin-like growth factor II, multiplication-stimulating activity, any of the chymotryptic fragments of Sm-C/IGF-I, insulin preparations, hGH, hTSH, mEGF, or mouse albumin. In vitro boosting after primary in vivo immunization appears to provide monoclones of an IgG isotype in contrast to primary in vitro immunization, which reportedly favors an IgM isotype. The antibodies produced in this study have proved to be extraordinarily useful in defining the physiologic role of Sm-I/IGF-I with immunoneutralization techniques and in the purification of human Sm-C/IGF-I by affinity chromatography.
- Published
- 1987
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12. Evidence from radioligand assays that somatomedin-C and insulin-like growth factor-I are similar to each other and different from other somatomedins.
- Author
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Van Wyk JJ, Svoboda ME, and Underwood LE
- Subjects
- Humans, Radioimmunoassay, Radioligand Assay, Structure-Activity Relationship, Nonsuppressible Insulin-Like Activity, Somatomedins blood
- Abstract
Somatomedin-C (SM-C) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) produced identical curves of competition in a RIA for SM-C, and in placental cell membrane receptor assays for SM-C and insulin. Somatomedin-A (SM-A), insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) and two forms of multiplication stimulating activity (MSA) were less than 5% as potent as SM-C/IGF-I in the RIA and less than 50% that of SM-C/IGFi in the SM-C receptor assay. In the insulin receptor assay, IGF-II and MSA III-2 were much more potent than SM-C/IGF-I. The present data suggest that SM-C and IGF-I are functionally identical substances.
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- 1980
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13. Somatomedin-C enhances induction of luteinizing hormone receptors by follicle-stimulating hormone in cultured rat granulosa cells.
- Author
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Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Svoboda ME, and Van Wyk JJ
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- Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal immunology, Cells, Cultured, Chorionic Gonadotropin metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Luteinizing Hormone metabolism, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Receptors, LH, Somatomedins biosynthesis, Somatomedins immunology, Time Factors, Follicle Stimulating Hormone pharmacology, Granulosa Cells drug effects, Receptors, Cell Surface drug effects, Somatomedins pharmacology
- Abstract
Recent studies have documented the ability of somatomedin-C (Sm-C) to synergize with FSH in the induction of rat granulosa cell progesterone biosynthesis. This direct cytodifferentiative action of Sm-C proved distinct from its established mitogenic property. To determine whether Sm-C partakes in the differentiation of granulosa cell functions other than progesterone biosynthesis, the role of Sm-C in the acquisition of LH receptors was investigated in vitro. Granulosa cells were obtained from immature, hypophysectomized diethylstilbestrol-treated rats and cultured under serum-free conditions for up to 72 h. Specific granulosa cell LH/hCG binding under basal conditions was relatively low and was not significantly affected by treatment with highly purified Sm-C (50 ng/ml). In contrast, treatment with FSH (oFSH; NIH FSH S14; 20 ng/ml) produced a 3.8-fold increase in LH/hCG binding to 3167 +/- 660 (+/- SE) cpm/10(6) cells. However, concurrent treatment with Sm-C (50 ng/ml) resulted in a 6.1-fold enhancement of the FSH effect. The ability of Sm-C to synergize with FSH in the induction of LH receptors was dose and time dependent, with an apparent median effective dose (ED50) of 6.2 +/- 0.6 (+/-SE) ng/ml, and a minimal time requirement of 24 h or less. Examination of the binding parameters of the LH/hCG receptor revealed that the Sm-C-mediated increase in LH/hCG binding was due to enhanced binding capacity, but not affinity (Kd = 4.4 X 10(-11) M). Decreasing dilutions (1:128,000-1:8,000) of a monoclonal antibody raised against Sm-C (sm 1.2), produced progressive and virtually complete immunoneutralization of the synergistic interaction between Sm-C and FSH, suggesting specificity of action. The ability of Sm-C to enhance LH receptor induction was associated with increased hCG-stimulated progesterone biosynthesis, suggesting that the newly acquired receptors are functional in nature. Our present findings indicate that nanomolar concentrations of Sm-C are capable of enhancing FSH-stimulated LH/hCG-binding capacity, but not affinity, in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. These observations suggest that the direct cytodifferentiative effect of Sm-C is not limited to the induction of progesterone biosynthesis, but other key granulosa cell functions may also be subject to modulation by this regulatory peptide.
- Published
- 1985
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14. Interaction of the monoclonal antibodies alpha IR-1 and alpha IR-3 with insulin and somatomedin-C receptors.
- Author
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Jacobs S, Cook S, Svoboda ME, and Van Wyk JJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Binding, Competitive, Cell Membrane metabolism, Epitopes immunology, Female, Humans, Insulin metabolism, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I metabolism, Placenta metabolism, Pregnancy, Rats, Receptor, Insulin metabolism, Receptors, Cell Surface metabolism, Receptors, Somatomedin, Antibodies, Monoclonal immunology, Receptor, Insulin immunology, Receptors, Cell Surface immunology
- Abstract
alpha IR-3, a monoclonal antibody that interacts with the somatomedin-C receptor, inhibited the binding of somatomedin-C, but not of insulin, to human placental membranes and intact IM-9 cells. alpha IR-1, a monoclonal antibody that interacts with the insulin receptor, did not inhibit the binding of either hormone. Inhibition of somatomedin-C binding by alpha IR-3 was mainly due to a decrease in its affinity. 125I-Labeled alpha IR-3 bound specifically to placental membranes and intact IM-9 cells and was inhibited by concentrations of unlabeled alpha IR-3 that were lower than those required to inhibit somatomedin-C binding. [125I]alpha IR-3 binding was also inhibited by somatomedin-C and insulin, but only at very high concentrations. A410, a rabbit antiserum that reacts with both receptors for insulin and somatomedin-C, also inhibited labeled alpha IR-3 binding. alpha IR-I did not. These results help to define the epitopes with which these antibodies interact.
- Published
- 1986
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15. Purification of somatomedin-C from human plasma: chemical and biological properties, partial sequence analysis, and relationship to other somatomedins.
- Author
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Svoboda ME, Van Wyk JJ, Klapper DG, Fellows RE, Grissom FE, and Schlueter RJ
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- Amino Acid Sequence, Amino Acids analysis, Humans, Hypopituitarism blood, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Molecular Weight, Peptide Fragments analysis, Radioimmunoassay, Radioligand Assay, Somatomedins isolation & purification, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Somatomedins blood
- Abstract
Somatomedin-C (SM-C) was purified from Cohn fraction IV of human plasma by a series of steps which included cation-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, isoelectric focusing, and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The peptide isolated contained 10,142 units/mg, as judged by a radioimmunoassay, representing a 780,000-fold purification from native plasma. The isolated peptide was basic (pI 8.1-8.5) and was judged to be no less than 90% pure. The best fit for integral amino acids was obtained with 78 residues. Limited sequence data were obtained on the N terminus and on five fragments obtained by tryptic digestion after blocking the lysine residues. Three of these fragments and the N terminus could be aligned with portions of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Of the 25 residues so aligned, 22 were identical with IGF-I. In addition, two tryptic fragments were obtained which are not present in the sequence of IGF-I. SM-C and IGF-I produced identical curves of displacement in radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assays for SM-C and in an insulin radioreceptor assay. The potencies of SM-C and IGF-I in these assays differed significantly from IGF-II, somatomedin-A, and several preparations of multiplication stimulating activity. At a concentration of 1 ng/mL, SM-C stimulated the progression of Balb/c 3T3 cells into DNA synthesis and when injected in vivo restored mitosis in lens epithelium of hypophysectomized frogs.
- Published
- 1980
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16. Insulin-like growth factors as intraovarian regulators of granulosa cell growth and function.
- Author
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Adashi EY, Resnick CE, D'Ercole AJ, Svoboda ME, and Van Wyk JJ
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- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Division, Female, Granulosa Cells cytology, Luteinizing Hormone metabolism, Ovary cytology, Progestins biosynthesis, Proteoglycans biosynthesis, Receptors, Cell Surface metabolism, Receptors, Cell Surface physiology, Receptors, LH, Receptors, Somatomedin, Granulosa Cells physiology, Insulin physiology, Ovary physiology, Peptides physiology, Somatomedins physiology
- Abstract
A relatively large body of evidence now appears to support the existence of the essential ingredients for novel intraovarian IGF-driven control mechanisms. Indeed, evidence presented in this communication is in keeping with the possibility that the granulosa cell may be the site of IGF production, reception, and action. Although the relevance of IGFs to ovarian cell types other than the granulosa cell is largely unknown, one cannot at the present time exclude the possibility of nongranulosa cell contributions to intraovarian IGF production, reception, and action. Indeed, preliminary affinity cross-linking studies (Adashi, Resnick, Svoboda, Van Wyk and D'Ercole; unpublished data) suggest the existence of type-I and type-II receptors in nongranulosa cell compartments. The above notwithstanding, IGFs of granulosa (and possibly circulatory) origins may interact with granulosa cell autoreceptors either independently or in synergy with other granulosa cell agonists. According to this view, IGFs may act in the autocrine mode to stimulate granulosa cell replication on the one hand and promote granulosa cell differentiation on the other. Although proliferation and terminal differentiation may prove mutually exclusive under some circumstances, coexistence of the two processes is being increasingly recognized. In this context, some studies of porcine granulosa cells support a dual role for IGFs in granulosa cell ontogeny. As such, the IGFs can be added to a growing list of growth factors known to modulate granulosa cell growth and function, including EGF, PDGF, and FGF. Our findings indicate that Sm-C/IGF-I synergizes with FSH in the induction of rat granulosa cell aromatase activity at nanomolar concentrations compatible with its granulosa cell receptor binding affinity (thus far studied only in porcine cells. A role for Sm-C/IGF-I in the regulation of this key granulosa cell function would be in keeping with the possibility that Sm-C/IGF-I may partake in the assertion and maintenance of dominance by the selected follicle(s) or in promoting juvenile and early follicular development. Moreover, the ability of Sm-C/IGF-I to potentiate this and other FSH-driven ovarian functions may also account, at least in part, for the puberty-promoting effect of growth hormone. This permissive action of growth hormone has been initially suggested by observation in growth hormone-deficient rats, mice (dwarf mutants, and humans (sporadic, hereditary or acquired growth hormone deficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
- Published
- 1985
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17. Somatomedin-C as an amplifier of follicle-stimulating hormone action: enhanced accumulation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate.
- Author
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Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Svoboda ME, and Van Wyk JJ
- Subjects
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases metabolism, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Cells, Cultured, Diethylstilbestrol pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Interactions, Female, Granulosa Cells drug effects, Immunologic Techniques, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I immunology, Kinetics, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors pharmacology, Pyrrolidinones pharmacology, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Rolipram, Cyclic AMP metabolism, Follicle Stimulating Hormone pharmacology, Granulosa Cells metabolism, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I pharmacology, Somatomedins pharmacology
- Abstract
Somatomedin-C (Sm-C) has recently been found to amplify the FSH-mediated acquisition of granulosa cell progestin biosynthetic capacity, aromatase activity, and LH receptors, an effect distinct from its established replicative property. To further characterize the cellular mechanism(s) underlying the synergistic interaction of Sm-C with FSH, we have set out to evaluate the intermediary role of cAMP in this regard. Isolated granulosa cells from immature hypophysectomized diethylstilbestrol-treated rats were cultured for up to 3 days under serum-free conditions. The basal extracellular accumulation of cAMP remained unchanged in response to treatment with highly purified Sm-C (50 ng/ml). However, concurrent treatment with increasing concentrations (0.3-50 ng/ml) of Sm-C, produced dose- and time-dependent increments in the FSH-stimulated accumulation of cAMP, with an apparent median effective dose (ED50; mean +/- SE) of 5.1 +/- 0.6 ng/ml, a maximal response 8.8-fold greater than that induced by FSH alone, and a minimal time requirement of 1-2 days. Given increasing concentrations of FSH, treatment with a constant concentration (50 ng/ml) of Sm-C resulted in 1.7-, 5.8-, and 4.3-fold increases in cAMP accumulation for 10, 30, and 100 ng/ml FSH, respectively. The ability of Sm-C to augment FSH-stimulated cAMP accumulation was evident and, in fact, enhanced by ZK62711 (Rolipram; 3 X 10(-6) M)-induced blockade of cAMP-phosphodiesterase activity. Decreasing dilutions (1:64,000 to 1:1,000) of a monoclonal antibody raised against Sm-C (sm 1.2) produced progressive and complete immunoneutralization of the synergistic interaction of Sm-C with FSH, suggesting specificity of action. Taken together, these findings suggest that Sm-C, acting at nanomolar concentrations compatible with its granulosa cell receptor binding affinity (0.6-2.0 nM), is capable of amplifying FSH-stimulated cAMP accumulation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that the synergistic action of Sm-C is exerted, at least in part, at a site(s) proximal to cAMP generation.
- Published
- 1986
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18. Synergistic interactions of somatomedin-C with adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent granulosa cell agonists.
- Author
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Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Svoboda ME, and Van Wyk JJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Cholera Toxin pharmacology, Dinoprostone, Drug Synergism, Female, Granulosa Cells drug effects, Hypophysectomy, Kinetics, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors pharmacology, Progesterone metabolism, Prostaglandins E pharmacology, Pyrrolidinones pharmacology, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Rolipram, Chorionic Gonadotropin pharmacology, Cyclic AMP metabolism, Granulosa Cells physiology, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I pharmacology, Luteinizing Hormone pharmacology, Prolactin pharmacology, Somatomedins pharmacology, Terbutaline pharmacology
- Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of somatomedin-C (Sm-C) to synergize with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the activation of cultured rat granulosa cell progesterone biosynthesis as well as the induction of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors. Neither effect could be attributed to Sm-C-enhanced granulosa cell survival or replication, but could be accounted for, in part, by increased adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) generation. The present study was undertaken to determine if the synergistic property of Sm-C is FSH-selective and hence limited in relevance to follicular maturation, as well as to clarify further the role of cAMP in Sm-C-amplified agonist action. To this end, the ability of Sm-C to modulate the hormonal action of a series of physiologic as well as pharmacologic granulosa cell agonists was examined in vitro using cultured granulosa cells from immature, hypophysectomized, diethylstilbestrol-treated rats. Concurrent treatment with highly purified Sm-C (50 ng/ml) resulted in marked increases over controls in the LH-stimulated [1 ng human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)]-and beta 2-adrenergic-stimulated (10(-6) M terbutaline) accumulation of cAMP (3.8- and 2.6-fold, respectively and progesterone (3.2- and 7.4-fold, respectively). Similarly, concurrent treatment with Sm-C also augmented the vasoactive intestinal peptidergic stimulation of granulosa cell cAMP generation (4.1-fold) and progesterone biosynthesis (2.1-fold). In contrast, Sm-C was incapable of enhancing progesterone accumulation in response to stimulation with rat prolactin, a cAMP-independent granulosa cell agonist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1986
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19. Somatomedin-C-mediated potentiation of follicle-stimulating hormone-induced aromatase activity of cultured rat granulosa cells.
- Author
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Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Brodie AM, Svoboda ME, and Van Wyk JJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Synergism, Enzyme Induction, Female, Granulosa Cells drug effects, Kinetics, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Substrate Specificity, Time Factors, Aromatase biosynthesis, Follicle Stimulating Hormone pharmacology, Granulosa Cells enzymology, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I pharmacology, Somatomedins pharmacology
- Abstract
We have recently observed that nanomolar concentrations of exogenously added somatomedin-C (Sm-C) are capable of synergizing with FSH in the induction of cultured rat granulosa cell progesterone biosynthesis and LH receptors without altering granulosa cell survival or replication. To further characterize the cytodifferentiative properties of Sm-C, we have undertaken to investigate whether the acquisition of granulosa cell aromatase activity is also subject to modulation by this intraovarian peptide. Granulosa cells from immature hypophysectomized diethylstilbestrol-treated rats were initially cultured for up to 3 days in an androstenedione-free medium, during which time aromatase activity was induced by FSH in the absence or presence of Sm-C (treatment interval). At the conclusion of this period, the cells were washed and reincubated for an additional 8-h test interval, during which time aromatase activity was estimated. Basal aromatase activity, as assessed by the conversion of unlabeled androstenedione (10(-7) M) to radioimmunoassayable estrogen, was negligible, remaining unaffected by treatment with highly purified Sm-C (50 ng/ml) alone. However, concurrent treatment with Sm-C (50 ng/ml) produced a 7.0-fold increase in the FSH (100 ng/ml; NIH FSH S14)-stimulated accumulation of estrogen. Similarly, Sm-C produced a 6.1-fold increase in FSH-induced aromatase activity, as assessed by the stereospecific generation of tritiated water from [1 beta-3H]androstenedione substrate. Sm-C-potentiated aromatase activity was dose and time dependent, with an apparent median effective dose of 5.0 +/- 1.9 (+/- SE) ng/ml and a minimal time requirement of 24 h or less, but was independent of the FSH dose employed. Although bovine insulin and multiplication-stimulating activity, like Sm-C, proved capable of augmenting aromatase activity (albeit at a substantially reduced potency), little or no effect was observed for either porcine or rat relaxin, a distantly related member of the insulin-like growth factor family. Examination of the apparent kinetic parameters of the aromatase enzyme revealed that the Sm-C-mediated potentiation of aromatase activity was due to enhancement of the apparent maximal reaction velocity, but not substrate affinity (Km = 2.8 X 10(-8) M). Our findings indicate that nanomolar concentrations of exogenously added Sm-C synergize with FSH in the enhancement of the maximal reaction velocity, but not Km, of granulosa cell aromatase in a dose- and time-dependent fashion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Insulin-like growth factor-I as an amplifier of follicle-stimulating hormone action: studies on mechanism(s) and site(s) of action in cultured rat granulosa cells.
- Author
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Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Hernandez ER, May JV, Knecht M, Svoboda ME, and Van Wyk JJ
- Subjects
- Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Adenylyl Cyclases metabolism, Animals, Bucladesine pharmacology, Colforsin pharmacology, Cyclic AMP metabolism, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone metabolism, Progesterone metabolism, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Follicle Stimulating Hormone pharmacology, Granulosa Cells drug effects, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I pharmacology, Somatomedins pharmacology
- Abstract
The ovarian granulosa cell has recently been shown to be a site of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) production, reception, and action. In large measure, IGF-I action (in the rat) appears contingent upon its ability to synergize with FSH, a major promoter of granulosa cell differentiation. It is the objective of the in vitro studies reported herein to elucidate the cellular mechanism(s) whereby IGF-I amplifies FSH hormonal action, placing special emphasis on the potential role of the putative intracellular second messenger cAMP in this regard. Basal FSH binding (115.7 +/- 2.1 fmol/mg cell protein) to rat granulosa cells cultured under serum-free conditions remained unchanged after 72 h of treatment with IGF-I (50 ng/ml) by itself (107.1 +/- 1.0 fmol/mg cell protein). In contrast, treatment with FSH (20 ng/ml) resulted in a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in FSH binding capacity (but not affinity) relative to controls in either the absence or presence of IGF-I. Whereas treatment with FSH resulted in a substantial increase in forskolin-stimulatable adenylate cyclase activity (10 +/- 1.7% conversion of [3H] ATP to [3H]cAMP), concurrent treatment with IGF-I resulted in 2.2-fold enhancement of FSH action. This IGF-I effect proved dose dependent with an apparent median effective dose of 3.6 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, a concentration in keeping with its granulosa cell receptor binding affinity. Significantly, however, IGF-I proved capable of enhancing Bt2cAMP-stimulated progesterone accumulation suggesting that IGF-I may be also acting at site(s) distal to cAMP generation. Taken together, these and previous studies indicate that nanomolar concentrations of exogenously added IGF-I may be interacting with the FSH transduction signal at multiple cellular site(s) to effect amplification of FSH action.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Efficient purification of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I using immunoaffinity chromatography.
- Author
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Chernausek SD, Chatelain PG, Svoboda ME, Underwood LE, and Van Wyk JJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Chromatography, Affinity methods, Chromatography, Liquid, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Isoelectric Focusing, Insulin isolation & purification, Peptides isolation & purification, Somatomedins isolation & purification
- Abstract
Somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I was purified from human plasma using a monoclonal antibody affinity column. Combining immunoaffinity chromatography with standard protein purification methods resulted in an overall recovery of 18%. The 35 micrograms of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I purified from 500 ml of plasma appeared as a single band when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and could be used in radioimmunoassay and receptor binding studies.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. In vivo regulation of granulosa cell somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I receptors.
- Author
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Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Hernandez ER, Svoboda ME, and Van Wyk JJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Diethylstilbestrol pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone pharmacology, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone pharmacology, Growth Hormone pharmacology, Hypophysectomy, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I metabolism, Proteoglycans biosynthesis, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Receptors, Somatomedin, Time Factors, Granulosa Cells metabolism, Receptor, Insulin metabolism
- Abstract
The characteristics and regulation of the murine granulosa cell type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor under in vivo conditions were studied. In vivo treatment of immature hypophysectomized diethylstilbestrol-treated rats with increasing doses (0.3-30 microgram/rat, twice daily) of FSH for 72 h resulted in dose-dependent increments in specific granulosa cell somatomedin-C (Sm-C)/IGF-I binding, peaking (5150 +/- 350 cpm/3 x 10(5) cells) at the 10 micrograms/rat (twice daily) dose level to yield a 2.6-fold increase relative to that in untreated controls. This FSH (10 micrograms/rat, twice daily) effect proved time dependent; the first significant (P less than 0.05) increase in binding (3670 +/- 150 cpm/3 x 10(5) cells) was noted after 48 h of treatment (1.6-fold increase). Significantly, little or no variation was observed for basal Sm-C/IGF-I binding over the course of the experiment, suggesting that this component of Sm-C/IGF-I receptor complement may be independent of the trophic influence(s) of the pituitary gland. Equilibrium competition studies carried out with granulosa cells derived from both control and FSH-treated rats revealed linear Scatchard plots consistent with a single class of noninteracting binding sites, a 2.8-fold increase in FSH-associated Sm-C/IGF-I-binding capacity, but not affinity (Kd control, 1.9 +/- 0.3 nM; kd FSH, 2.6 +/- 0.9 nM). Limited specificity studies of the FSH-induced receptor revealed related peptides to compete for Sm-C/IGF-I binding with a relative rank order of potency of Sm-C/IGF-I much greater than multiplication-stimulating activity greater than insulin, a pattern compatible with a type I IGF receptor. A series of other polypeptides, including porcine relaxin, porcine proinsulin, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor as well as transforming growth factor-alpha and -beta (TGF beta) were nonreactive. Significantly, the induced type I IGF receptor proved functionally coupled to granulosa cell proteoglycan biosynthesis. The ability of FSH (10 micrograms/rat, twice daily) to enhance granulosa cell Sm-C/IGF-I binding was significantly (P less than 0.05) up-regulated (1.53-fold amplification) by ovine GH (100 micrograms/rat, twice daily); a down-regulatory effect (64% inhibition) was observed for a potent GnRH agonist [( D-Ala6,Des-Gly10]GnRH ethyl amide; 25 micrograms/rat, twice daily). Once induced, the Sm-C/IGF-I receptor of the granulosa cell required the continued presence of either FSH or LH for its maintenance; the lactogenic receptor agonist PRL had no effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I as an enhancer of androgen biosynthesis by cultured rat ovarian cells.
- Author
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Hernandez ER, Resnick CE, Svoboda ME, Van Wyk JJ, Payne DW, and Adashi EY
- Subjects
- Androsterone metabolism, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Chorionic Gonadotropin pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Insulin metabolism, Ovary metabolism, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Time Factors, Androgens biosynthesis, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I pharmacology, Ovary drug effects, Somatomedins pharmacology
- Abstract
The ovarian granulosa cell has recently been shown to be a site of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (Sm-C/IGF-I) production, reception, and action. These observations have generally been interpreted to suggest the existence of an autocrine loop concerned with granulosa cell physiology. It is the objective of the in vitro studies reported herein to extend these observations by evaluating the interaction of Sm-C/IGF-I with the adjacent thecal-interstitial cell. Treatment of collagenase-processed whole ovarian dispersates or highly enriched (greater than 90%) thecal-interstitial cells from immature rats with Sm-C/IGF-I (50 ng/ml) or hCG (1 ng/ml), resulted in 2.1- and 4.0-fold increments in the accumulation of androsterone (3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstane-17-one), the main androgenic steroid identified in culture media. However, combined treatment with both agents unmasked a synergistic interaction producing a 3.3-fold increase in the hCG-stimulated accumulation of androsterone, an effect consequent to enhanced androgen biosynthesis rather than diminished degradation. Unaccounted for by an increase in viable ovarian cell numbers and independent of the hCG dose (0.1-10 ng/ml) used, the Sm-C/IGF-I effect proved time and dose dependent, with a projected minimal effective dose of 3 ng/ml and a minimal time requirement of 72 h. [125I]Iodo-Sm-C/IGF-I binding to untreated highly enriched thecal-interstitial cells proved saturable, with a single class (Hill coefficient = 0.98 +/- 0.01) of high affinity (Kd = 3.0 nM), low capacity (maximum binding = 10,840 +/- 2,108 sites/cell) binding sites. Limited specificity studies using related peptides produced a rank order of competitive potency of: Sm-C/IGF-I greater than multiplication stimulating activity greater than insulin, a pattern compatible with the presence of type I IGF receptors. Other related peptides, such as porcine proinsulin and porcine desoctapeptide insulin, proved weakly effective in inhibiting Sm-C/IGF-I binding to its receptor; unrelated peptides such as porcine relaxin and erythropoietin were without effect. Taken together, these findings suggest that 1) the thecal-interstitial cell, like the granulosa cell, may be a site of Sm-C/IGF-I reception and action, and 2) the ability of high dose insulin to stimulate ovarian androgen biosynthesis may be due to its capacity to act as a Sm-C/IGF-I surrogate, its high dose requirements reflecting cross-interaction with the type I receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Somatomedin-C synergizes with follicle-stimulating hormone in the acquisition of progestin biosynthetic capacity by cultured rat granulosa cells.
- Author
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Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Svoboda ME, and Van Wyk JJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, DNA biosynthesis, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Synergism, Female, Granulosa Cells drug effects, Insulin pharmacology, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Proteins metabolism, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Time Factors, Follicle Stimulating Hormone pharmacology, Granulosa Cells metabolism, Progestins biosynthesis, Somatomedins pharmacology
- Abstract
We have recently shown that nanomolar concentrations of somatomedin-C (Sm-C), are capable of enhancing the FSH-mediated (but not basal) accumulation of progesterone (Po) by cultured rat granulosa cells. To further characterize this direct cytodifferentiative effect of Sm-C, granulosa cells from immature, hypophysectomized, diethylstilbestrol-treated rats were cultured under serum-free conditions for up to 96 h. Concurrent treatment with highly purified Sm-C (50 ng/ml) produced 10.2- and 3.6-fold increments in the FSH (20 ng/ml)-stimulated accumulation of Po and 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, respectively. Sm-C-augmented Po biosynthesis was dose- and time dependent, but was independent of the FSH dose employed. Significantly, this effect of Sm-C could not be accounted for by enhancement of cellular viability or plating efficiency, nor by an increase in the number of cells, or their DNA synthesis. Furthermore, specific inhibition of DNA synthesis with cytosine-1-beta-D-arabinofuranoside was without significant effect on the ability of SM-C to enhance FSH-supported Po biosynthesis. Insulin, like Sm-C, also synergized with FSH in the induction of Po biosynthesis. However, insulin [ED50 = 19.2 +/- 1.6 (SE) micrograms/ml] was approximately 4800-fold less potent than Sm-C [ED50 = 4.0 +/- 0.3 (SE) ng/ml] in this regard, and exerted little or no effect at concentrations presumed to saturate the putative high affinity granulosa cell insulin receptor. Although maximal stimulatory doses of Sm-C (75 ng/ml) or insulin (100 micrograms/ml) produced comparable increments in FSH-supported Po biosynthesis, combined treatment with maximal doses of both peptides did not prove additive. Pertinently, the direct cytodifferentiative effect of Sm-C is exerted at (nanomolar) concentrations compatible with its receptor-binding affinity as observed in all other cell types studied. Thus, Sm-C is not likely to be acting through the putative high affinity insulin receptor but rather through its own high affinity recognition sites. Similarly, the cytodifferentiative action of high dose insulin may reflect the consequences of its cross-interaction with the putative Sm-C, rather than the insulin receptor. These findings are in keeping with the suggestion that the granulosa cell may be the site of Sm-C reception and action and that Sm-C of intraovarian or circulatory origin may participate in the differentiation, as well as replication, of the developing granulosa cell.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Sequence analysis of somatomedin-C: confirmation of identity with insulin-like growth factor I.
- Author
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Klapper DG, Svoboda ME, and Van Wyk JJ
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chymotrypsin, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Peptide Fragments analysis, Structure-Activity Relationship, Insulin blood, Peptides blood, Somatomedins blood
- Abstract
Somatomedin-C (Sm-C) was purified from Cohn fraction IV of human plasma by previously published methods. Purity was established by SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis followed by silver staining of the gel. Amino acid analysis of an acid hydrolysate revealed no significant discrepancies from the amino acid composition of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). The first 24 residues beginning at the amino terminal glycine were identical to the corresponding residues in IGF-I. Tryptic and chymotryptic degradation followed by determination of the amino acid composition and sequence of the resultant peptides was used to complete the primary structure of Sm-C. The results of these studies document that Sm-C and IGF-I are identical peptides, thus supporting previous observations that Sm-C and IGF-I are qualitatively and quantitatively indistinguishable in radioligand and biological assay systems.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. A novel role for somatomedin-C in the cytodifferentiation of the ovarian granulosa cell.
- Author
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Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Svoboda ME, and Van Wyk JJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Cell Count, Cell Differentiation, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone pharmacology, Granulosa Cells drug effects, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Progesterone biosynthesis, Rats, Somatomedins immunology, Granulosa Cells cytology, Somatomedins physiology
- Abstract
The role of somatomedin-C (Sm-C) in the acquisition of granulosa cell progesterone biosynthesis was investigated in vitro in a primary culture of rat granulosa cells cultured for 72 h under serum-free conditions. Basal progesterone accumulation was negligible and remained unaffected by treatment with highly purified Sm-C (50 ng/ml). Whereas treatment with FSH (20 ng/ml) produced a 9-fold increase in progesterone accumulation, the concurrent application of increasing concentrations (0.3-50 ng/ml) of Sm-C brought about dose-dependent increments in the FSH-stimulated accumulation of progesterone with a median effective dose of 4.0 +/- (SE) 0.3 ng/ml and a maximal response 9.6-fold greater than that induced by FSH alone. A monoclonal antibody raised against Sm-C (sm 1.2) produced complete immunoneutralization of the synergistic interaction between FSH and Sm-C, supporting the specificity of the Sm-C effect and arguing against the possible involvement of copurified contaminant(s) in the preparation used. Treatment of granulosa cells with the highest dose of Sm-C tested (50 ng/ml), in the absence or presence of FSH, did not result in significant alterations in cell number, DNA content, plating efficiency or viability. Taken together, our findings indicate that Sm-C is capable of synergizing with FSH in the induction of granulosa cell progesterone biosynthesis. Significantly, this ability of Sm-C to augment differentiated phenotypic expression of the developing granulosa cell is distinct from its well established growth-promoting property and may thus represent a novel biologic effect of this polypeptide.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Purification of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I.
- Author
-
Svoboda ME and Van Wyk JJ
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Biological Assay, Chromatography, Humans, Insulin blood, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Isoelectric Focusing, Peptides blood, Radioligand Assay, Somatomedins blood, Insulin isolation & purification, Peptides isolation & purification, Somatomedins isolation & purification
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Characterization and regulation of a specific cell membrane receptor for somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I in cultured rat granulosa cells.
- Author
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Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Hernandez ER, Svoboda ME, and Van Wyk JJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Membrane metabolism, Cells, Cultured, Female, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Kinetics, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Receptors, Somatomedin, Granulosa Cells metabolism, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I metabolism, Receptor, Insulin metabolism, Somatomedins metabolism
- Abstract
The ovarian granulosa cell has recently been found to be a site of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (Sm-C/IGF-I) production, reception, and action, thereby raising the prospect of a novel autocrine control mechanism concerned with granulosa cell ontogeny. It is the objective of the in vitro studies reported herein to explore the characteristics of the murine granulosa cell membrane Sm-C/IGF-I receptor and its regulation by gonadotropic, lactogenic, and beta 2-adrenergic signalling. Provision of FSH (150 ng/ml) to granulosa cells from immature rats cultured for 72 h under serum-free conditions resulted in a 3.1-fold increase over control values in specific cell-bound [125I]iodo-Sm-C/IGF-I. Binding to FSH-primed cells proved time, temperature, and pH dependent; optimal steady state conditions were achieved after an 8-h incubation at 15 C and a pH of 8.0. Although subject to regulation by the cellular density of plating, the binding of [125I]iodo-Sm-C/IGF-I to its receptor proved saturable (apparent Kd = 3.3 X 10(-9) M) as well as reversible; complete or partial tracer displacement was effected by competitive inhibition and dilution, respectively. Specificity studies revealed the competition for [125I]iodo-Sm-C/IGF-I binding to follow a relative rank order of potency of Sm-C/IGF-I much greater than multiplication-stimulating activity greater than insulin, but disclosed limited or no displacement by a series of chemically related and unrelated polypeptides. By Scatchard and Hill analysis, both control and FSH-treated cells displayed a single class of noninteracting binding sites; the FSH-enhanced binding represented largely increased binding capacity, rather than affinity. Significantly, up-regulation of granulosa cell Sm-C/IGF-I binding was not limited to FSH; qualitatively comparable increments in [125I]iodo-Sm-C/IGF-I binding were obtained after treatment with luteotropic, and beta 2-adrenergic (but not lactogenic) granulosa cell agonists. Taken together, these studies provide further evidence for the existence of high affinity, low capacity, specific cell membrane receptors for Sm-C/IGF-I in cultured rat granulosa cells. Our findings further indicate that the ability of FSH to enhance granulosa cell Sm-C/IGF-I binding largely reflects increased binding capacity rather than affinity and that this heterologous up-regulatory phenomenon may not be limited to FSH. As such, our observations of comparable up-regulation after luteotropic and beta 2-adrenergic (but not lactogenic) stimulation are in keeping with the view that cAMP may play an intermediary role in the regulation of granulosa cell type I IGF receptors.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Independent and synergistic actions of somatomedin-C in the stimulation of proteoglycan biosynthesis by cultured rat granulosa cells.
- Author
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Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Svoboda ME, van Wyk JJ, Hascall VC, and Yanagishita M
- Subjects
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Dermatan Sulfate biosynthesis, Drug Synergism, Female, Granulosa Cells drug effects, Heparitin Sulfate biosynthesis, Rats, Sulfates metabolism, Follicle Stimulating Hormone pharmacology, Granulosa Cells metabolism, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I pharmacology, Proteoglycans biosynthesis, Somatomedins pharmacology
- Abstract
The role of somatomedin-C (Sm-C) in the regulation of granulosa cell proteoglycan biosynthesis was investigated in vitro in a primary culture of rat granulosa cells labeled with [35S]sulfate. Basal [35S]sulfate incorporation into extracellular proteoglycans was increased by 93 percent in response to treatment with highly purified Sm-C (50 ng/ml) by itself. Whereas treatment with a minimally effective dose of FSH (20 ng/ml) alone produced a 43 percent increase over basal levels in extracellular [35S]sulfate-labeled proteoglycans, concurrent treatment with Sm-C yielded a 2.7-fold amplification of the FSH effect. Qualitatively similar results were obtained when [35S]sulfate incorporation into cellular proteoglycans was determined, the latter accounting for approximately one half of the total radioactivity incorporated. Significantly, fractionation of the major extracellular proteoglycan species revealed FSH to favor the exclusive production of dermatan sulfate (1.6-fold increase), whereas Sm-C supported the simultaneous biosynthesis of both heparan and dermatan sulfate (2.5- and 1.8-fold increments, respectively). Moreover, Sm-C proved capable of diverting FSH-driven proteoglycan biosynthesis from the exclusive stimulation of dermatan sulfate towards the enhanced production of heparan sulfate over dermatan sulfate. These findings suggest that while Sm-C may synergize with FSH in stimulating granulosa cell proteoglycan biosynthesis, it is also able to act in tis own right to effect marked quantitative as well as qualitative alterations in proteoglycan economy. Given the possible role of proteoglycans in follicular antrum formation and follicular atresia, our findings raise the possibility that Sm-C of granulosa cell origin may partake in the growth as well as the demise of the developing ovarian follicle.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Expression of a biologically active analogue of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I.
- Author
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Peters MA, Lau EP, Snitman DL, Van Wyk JJ, Underwood LE, Russell WE, and Svoboda ME
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Division drug effects, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Recombinant, Escherichia coli genetics, Humans, Insulin biosynthesis, Insulin pharmacology, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Mice, Mitogens, Operon, Peptide Biosynthesis, Peptides pharmacology, Plasmids, Somatomedins biosynthesis, Somatomedins pharmacology, Insulin genetics, Peptides genetics, Somatomedins genetics
- Abstract
A synthetic gene coding for an analogue of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (Sm-C/IGF-I) was synthesized by solid support phosphoramidite chemistry and subsequently cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein. The gene, designed with a threonine codon substituted for a methionine codon at position 59 was expressed fused to an eight-amino acid leader peptide under the direction of the E. coli tryptophan promoter. The fusion protein, termed L0-[Thr59]-Sm-C/IGF-I was purified extensively (greater than 97%) and found to be 60% as active as native Sm-C/IGF-I in a radioimmunoassay and 50% as potent as native Sm-C/IGF-I in a radioreceptor assay. Like native Sm-C/IGF-I it was also mitogenic for Balb/c 3T3 cells. After removal of the eight amino acid leader peptide by cyanogen bromide treatment, the resulting threonine analogue, termed [Thr59]-Sm-C/IGF-I was 80% as potent as native Sm-C/IGF-I in both the RIA and the radioreceptor assays. It was also mitogenic in Balb/c 3T3 cells. These two analogues, therefore, display biological activities similar to human-derived Sm-C/IGF-I.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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