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3. The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool

Author

Gretzinger, Joscha, Sayer, Duncan, Justeau, Pierre, Altena, Eveline, Pala, Maria, Dulias, Katharina, Edwards, Ceiridwen J., Jodoin, Susanne, Lacher, Laura, Sabin, Susanna, Vågene, Åshild J., Haak, Wolfgang, Ebenesersdóttir, S. Sunna, Moore, Kristjan H. S., Radzeviciute, Rita, Schmidt, Kara, Brace, Selina, Bager, Martina Abenhus, Patterson, Nick, Papac, Luka, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Harney, Éadaoin, Iliev, Lora, Lawson, Ann Marie, Michel, Megan, Stewardson, Kristin, Zalzala, Fatma, Rohland, Nadin, Kappelhoff-Beckmann, Stefanie, Both, Frank, Winger, Daniel, Neumann, Daniel, Saalow, Lars, Krabath, Stefan, Beckett, Sophie, Van Twest, Melanie, Faulkner, Neil, Read, Chris, Barton, Tabatha, Caruth, Joanna, Hines, John, Krause-Kyora, Ben, Warnke, Ursula, Schuenemann, Verena J., Barnes, Ian, Dahlström, Hanna, Clausen, Jane Jark, Richardson, Andrew, Popescu, Elizabeth, Dodwell, Natasha, Ladd, Stuart, Phillips, Tom, Mortimer, Richard, Sayer, Faye, Swales, Diana, Stewart, Allison, Powlesland, Dominic, Kenyon, Robert, Ladle, Lilian, Peek, Christina, Grefen-Peters, Silke, Ponce, Paola, Daniels, Robin, Spall, Cecily, Woolcock, Jennifer, Jones, Andy M., Roberts, Amy V., Symmons, Robert, Rawden, Anooshka C., Cooper, Alan, Bos, Kirsten I., Booth, Tom, Schroeder, Hannes, Thomas, Mark G., Helgason, Agnar, Richards, Martin B., Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, and Schiffels, Stephan

Published
2022
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4. The role of the forensic archeologist and anthropologist in recovery of human remains from fatal fires.

Author

Swales, Diana and Hackman, Lucina

Subjects
*FORENSIC sciences, *ARCHAEOLOGISTS, *ANTHROPOLOGISTS, *FORENSIC anthropologists, *INTEGRITY
Abstract

Fatal fires pose complex challenges for responders due to the requirement to investigate all aspects of the fire using methods that maximize evidence recovery and integrity, including optimal and respectful recovery of the deceased. In this article, the authors consider the value of the inclusion of both forensic archeologists and forensic anthropologists in circumstances of fatal fire, identifying some of the challenges posed by these environments and what each can contribute. This article is categorized under:Crime Scene Investigation > Crime Scene ExaminationForensic Anthropology > Forensic ArchaeologyForensic Anthropology > Taphonomic Changes and the Environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Author Correction: The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool

Author

Gretzinger, Joscha, Sayer, Duncan, Justeau, Pierre, Altena, Eveline, Pala, Maria, Dulias, Katharina, Edwards, Ceiridwen J., Jodoin, Susanne, Lacher, Laura, Sabin, Susanna, Vågene, Åshild J., Haak, Wolfgang, Ebenesersdóttir, S. Sunna, Moore, Kristjan H. S., Radzeviciute, Rita, Schmidt, Kara, Brace, Selina, Bager, Martina Abenhus, Patterson, Nick, Papac, Luka, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Harney, Éadaoin, Iliev, Lora, Lawson, Ann Marie, Michel, Megan, Stewardson, Kristin, Zalzala, Fatma, Rohland, Nadin, Kappelhoff-Beckmann, Stefanie, Both, Frank, Winger, Daniel, Neumann, Daniel, Saalow, Lars, Krabath, Stefan, Beckett, Sophie, Van Twest, Melanie, Faulkner, Neil, Read, Chris, Barton, Tabatha, Caruth, Joanna, Hines, John, Krause-Kyora, Ben, Warnke, Ursula, Schuenemann, Verena J., Barnes, Ian, Dahlström, Hanna, Clausen, Jane Jark, Richardson, Andrew, Popescu, Elizabeth, Dodwell, Natasha, Ladd, Stuart, Phillips, Tom, Mortimer, Richard, Sayer, Faye, Swales, Diana, Stewart, Allison, Powlesland, Dominic, Kenyon, Robert, Ladle, Lilian, Peek, Christina, Grefen-Peters, Silke, Ponce, Paola, Daniels, Robin, Spall, Cecily, Woolcock, Jennifer, Jones, Andy M., Roberts, Amy V., Symmons, Robert, Rawden, Anooshka C., Cooper, Alan, Bos, Kirsten I., Booth, Tom, Schroeder, Hannes, Thomas, Mark G., Helgason, Agnar, Richards, Martin B., Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, and Schiffels, Stephan

Published
2022
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6. Life stress : a bio-cultural investigation into the later Anglo-Saxon population of the Black Gate Cemetery

Author

Mahoney Swales, Diana Louise

Subjects
942.876
Abstract

The Black Gate cemetery in Newcastle-upon-Tyne was established within the abandoned remains of a Roman fort (Pons Aelius) in the 8th century and was an active burial ground until the 12th century AD. The cemetery has yielded 663 articulated skeletons, making it one of the largest skeletal assemblages recovered from later Anglo-Saxon England. Aside from the cemetery there is no physical evidence for settlement in the area from the abandonment of Pons Aelius in 410 AD. until the first phase of construction of a Norman castle in 1080 AD. Documentary evidence indicates the presence of a monastery within the immediate locality of the cemetery; however, archaeological evidence for a monastic settlement at the site has yet to be identified. Consequently, the origin of the contributory population is uncertain. To determine the nature and origin of the Black Gate cemetery population a bio-cultural investigation was undertaken. Investigation into the relationship between health and the different demographic and social components of the assemblage, determined from burial form and variation, enabled a picture of the overall social and environmental impact on levels of physiological stress to be assessed. Indicators of stress were compared with thirteen sites of known context to determine if the health profile observed amongst the Black Gate population shared characteristics with urban, rural or monastic assemblages. A detailed picture of the health and funerary behaviour of the Black Gate cemetery was attained. However, the origin of this population remains inconclusive. This research emphasises the multi-factorial nature of physiological stress and that age, diet, cultural practices and status had a greater impact upon the skeleton than settlement type in the later Anglo-Saxon period.

Published
2013

7. A Black Death mass grave at Thornton Abbey: the discovery and examination of a fourteenth-century rural catastrophe

Author

Willmott, Hugh, Townend, Peter, Swales, Diana Mahoney, Poinar, Hendrik, Eaton, Katherine, and Klunk, Jennifer

Subjects
Black Death, ca. 1347-1400, Anthropological research, Human remains (Archaeology) -- Analysis, Mass graves -- Discovery and exploration, Yersinia pestis -- Analysis, Archaeology -- Research, Black death, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

The discovery of mass burial sites is rare in Europe, particularly in rural areas. Recent excavations at Thornton Abbey in Lincolnshire have revealed a previously unknown catastrophic mass grave containing the remains of at least 48 men, women and children, with radiocarbon dating placing the event in the fourteenth century AD. The positive identification of Yersinia pestis in sampled skeletal remains suggests that the burial population died from the Black Death. This site represents the first Black Death mass grave found in Britain in a non-urban context, and provides unique evidence for the devastating impact of this epidemic on a small rural community. Keywords: Britain, Thornton Abbey, Black Death, mass grave, Yersinia pestis, Introduction The devastation caused by the appearance of the so-called Black Death, or second great plague pandemic, in England during 1348-1349 is hard to underestimate. Between one-third and half of [...]

Published
2020
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13. The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool.

Author

Gretzinger, Joscha, Sayer, Duncan, Justeau, Pierre, Altena, Eveline, Pala, Maria, Dulias, Katharina, Edwards, Ceiridwen J, Jodoin, Susanne, Lacher, Laura, Sabin, Susanna, Vågene, Åshild J., Haak, Wolfgang, Ebenesersdóttir, S.Sunna, Moore, Kristjan HS, Radzeviciute, Rita, Schmidt, Kara, Brace, Selina, Bager, Martina Abenhus, Patterson, Nick, Papac, Luka, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Harney, Éadaoin, Iliev, Lora, Lawson, Ann Marie, Michel, Megan, Stewardson, Kristin, Zalzala, Fatma, Rohland, Nadin, Kappelhoff-Beckmann, Stefanie, Both, Frank, Winger, Daniel, Neumann, Daniel, Saalow, Lars, Krabath, Stefan, Beckett, Sophie, Van Twest, Melanie, Faulkner, Neil, Read, Chris, Barton, Tabatha, Caruth, Joanna, Hines, John, Krause-Kyora, Ben, Warnke, Ursula, Schuenemann, Verena J., Barnes, Ian, Dahlström, Hanna, Clausen, Jane Jark, Richardson, Andrew, Popescu, Elizabeth, Dodwell, Natasha, Ladd, Stuart, Phillips, Tom, Mortimer, Richard, Sayer, Faye, Swales, Diana, Stewart, Allison, Powlesland, Dominic, Kenyon, Robert, Ladle, Lilian, Peek, Christina, Grefen-Peters, Silke, Ponce, Paola, Daniels, Robin, Spall, Cecily, Woolcock, Jennifer, Jones, Andy M, Roberts, Amy V., Symmons, Robert, Rawden, Anooshka C., Cooper, Alan, Bos, Kirsten I., Booth, Tom, Schroeder, Hannes, Thomas, Mark G., Helgason, Agnar, Richards, Martin B., Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, Schiffels, Stephan, Gretzinger, Joscha, Sayer, Duncan, Justeau, Pierre, Altena, Eveline, Pala, Maria, Dulias, Katharina, Edwards, Ceiridwen J, Jodoin, Susanne, Lacher, Laura, Sabin, Susanna, Vågene, Åshild J., Haak, Wolfgang, Ebenesersdóttir, S.Sunna, Moore, Kristjan HS, Radzeviciute, Rita, Schmidt, Kara, Brace, Selina, Bager, Martina Abenhus, Patterson, Nick, Papac, Luka, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Harney, Éadaoin, Iliev, Lora, Lawson, Ann Marie, Michel, Megan, Stewardson, Kristin, Zalzala, Fatma, Rohland, Nadin, Kappelhoff-Beckmann, Stefanie, Both, Frank, Winger, Daniel, Neumann, Daniel, Saalow, Lars, Krabath, Stefan, Beckett, Sophie, Van Twest, Melanie, Faulkner, Neil, Read, Chris, Barton, Tabatha, Caruth, Joanna, Hines, John, Krause-Kyora, Ben, Warnke, Ursula, Schuenemann, Verena J., Barnes, Ian, Dahlström, Hanna, Clausen, Jane Jark, Richardson, Andrew, Popescu, Elizabeth, Dodwell, Natasha, Ladd, Stuart, Phillips, Tom, Mortimer, Richard, Sayer, Faye, Swales, Diana, Stewart, Allison, Powlesland, Dominic, Kenyon, Robert, Ladle, Lilian, Peek, Christina, Grefen-Peters, Silke, Ponce, Paola, Daniels, Robin, Spall, Cecily, Woolcock, Jennifer, Jones, Andy M, Roberts, Amy V., Symmons, Robert, Rawden, Anooshka C., Cooper, Alan, Bos, Kirsten I., Booth, Tom, Schroeder, Hannes, Thomas, Mark G., Helgason, Agnar, Richards, Martin B., Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, and Schiffels, Stephan

Abstract

The history of the British Isles and Ireland is characterized by multiple periods of major cultural change, including the influential transformation after the end of Roman rule, which precipitated shifts in language, settlement patterns and material culture1. The extent to which migration from continental Europe mediated these transitions is a matter of long-standing debate2-4. Here we study genome-wide ancient DNA from 460 medieval northwestern Europeans-including 278 individuals from England-alongside archaeological data, to infer contemporary population dynamics. We identify a substantial increase of continental northern European ancestry in early medieval England, which is closely related to the early medieval and present-day inhabitants of Germany and Denmark, implying large-scale substantial migration across the North Sea into Britain during the Early Middle Ages. As a result, the individuals who we analysed from eastern England derived up to 76% of their ancestry from the continental North Sea zone, albeit with substantial regional variation and heterogeneity within sites. We show that women with immigrant ancestry were more often furnished with grave goods than women with local ancestry, whereas men with weapons were as likely not to be of immigrant ancestry. A comparison with present-day Britain indicates that subsequent demographic events reduced the fraction of continental northern European ancestry while introducing further ancestry components into the English gene pool, including substantial southwestern European ancestry most closely related to that seen in Iron Age France5,6.

14. Author Correction: The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool.

Author

Gretzinger, Joscha, Sayer, Duncan, Justeau, Pierre, Altena, Eveline, Pala, Maria, Dulias, Katharina, Edwards, Ceiridwen J., Jodoin, Susanne, Lacher, Laura, Sabin, Susanna, Vågene, Åshild J., Haak, Wolfgang, Ebenesersdóttir, S Sunna, Moore, Kristjan H. S., Radzeviciute, Rita, Schmidt, Kara, Brace, Selina, Bager, Martina Abenhus, Patterson, Nick, Papac, Luka, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Harney, Éadaoin, Iliev, Lora, Lawson, Ann Marie, Michel, Megan, Stewardson, Kristin, Zalzala, Fatma, Rohland, Nadin, Kappelhoff-Beckmann, Stefanie, Both, Frank, Winger, Daniel, Neumann, Daniel, Saalow, Lars, Krabath, Stefan, Beckett, Sophie, Van Twest, Melanie, Faulkner, Neil, Read, Chris, Barton, Tabatha, Caruth, Joanna, Hines, John, Krause-Kyora, Ben, Warnke, Ursula, Schuenemann, Verena J., Barnes, Ian, Dahlström, Hanna, Clausen, Jane Jark, Richardson, Andrew, Popescu, Elizabeth, Dodwell, Natasha, Ladd, Stuart, Phillips, Tom, Mortimer, Richard, Sayer, Faye, Swales, Diana, Stewart, Allison, Powlesland, Dominic, Kenyon, Robert, Ladle, Lilian, Peek, Christina, Grefen-Peters, Silke, Ponce, Paola, Daniels, Robin, Spall, Cecily, Woolcock, Jennifer, Jones, Andy M., Roberts, Amy V., Symmons, Robert, Rawden, Anooshka C., Cooper, Alan, Bos, Kirsten I., Booth, Tom, Schroeder, Hannes, Thomas, Mark G., Helgason, Agnar, Richards, Martin B., Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, Schiffels, Stephan, Gretzinger, Joscha, Sayer, Duncan, Justeau, Pierre, Altena, Eveline, Pala, Maria, Dulias, Katharina, Edwards, Ceiridwen J., Jodoin, Susanne, Lacher, Laura, Sabin, Susanna, Vågene, Åshild J., Haak, Wolfgang, Ebenesersdóttir, S Sunna, Moore, Kristjan H. S., Radzeviciute, Rita, Schmidt, Kara, Brace, Selina, Bager, Martina Abenhus, Patterson, Nick, Papac, Luka, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Harney, Éadaoin, Iliev, Lora, Lawson, Ann Marie, Michel, Megan, Stewardson, Kristin, Zalzala, Fatma, Rohland, Nadin, Kappelhoff-Beckmann, Stefanie, Both, Frank, Winger, Daniel, Neumann, Daniel, Saalow, Lars, Krabath, Stefan, Beckett, Sophie, Van Twest, Melanie, Faulkner, Neil, Read, Chris, Barton, Tabatha, Caruth, Joanna, Hines, John, Krause-Kyora, Ben, Warnke, Ursula, Schuenemann, Verena J., Barnes, Ian, Dahlström, Hanna, Clausen, Jane Jark, Richardson, Andrew, Popescu, Elizabeth, Dodwell, Natasha, Ladd, Stuart, Phillips, Tom, Mortimer, Richard, Sayer, Faye, Swales, Diana, Stewart, Allison, Powlesland, Dominic, Kenyon, Robert, Ladle, Lilian, Peek, Christina, Grefen-Peters, Silke, Ponce, Paola, Daniels, Robin, Spall, Cecily, Woolcock, Jennifer, Jones, Andy M., Roberts, Amy V., Symmons, Robert, Rawden, Anooshka C., Cooper, Alan, Bos, Kirsten I., Booth, Tom, Schroeder, Hannes, Thomas, Mark G., Helgason, Agnar, Richards, Martin B., Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, and Schiffels, Stephan

15. The many facets of spine pathology : a review and evaluation of approaches in biological anthropology and their current and future applications

Author

Larner, Katie, Wilkinson, Alexis, and Swales, Diana

Subjects
Bioarchaeology, Palaeopathology, Joint Disease, Biological Anthropology
Abstract

Degenerative diseases of the spine are amongst the most common lesions seen in human skeletal remains and comprise a large area of research within bioarchaeology. Data from such studies can provide an insight into the lifestyle of past populations. To date there have been few attempts to standardise the recording of these lesions, with even less work into establishing inter observer reliability of methods. This study reviews clinical and archaeological literature to establish the scope of diagnostic criteria for different degenerative spinal diseases, before exploring working practices to identify and record these diseases within bioarchaeology. Three approaches were undertaken: 1.A Questionnaire: This asked academics and practitioners within bioarchaeology to describe the methods they used to identify and record pathological vertebral lesions, before describing changes they would look for in osteoarthritis, degenerative disc disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Qualitative questions were complemented by sections asking respondents to rank individual disease characteristics. Rankings were analysed with Friedman testing in SPSS, followed by post hoc analysis with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Bonferroni correction. 2.An online interobserver study: This included student and non-student practitioners and tested the reliability of commonly cited methods posed by Buikstra and Ubelaker (1994), Rogers and Waldron (1995), and Sager (1969) for identifying and recording vertebral osteoarthritis and degenerative disc disease. It was undertaken using photographs of skeletonised human vertebrae. Results were analysed using Krippendorff's Alpha in RStudio.3.An analysis of bioarchaeological literature: This was carried out using unpublished archaeological reports, doctoral theses, and published literature. This study was undertaken in NVivo and combined qualitative analysis of the themes and contents of the literature, as well as qualitatively analysing trends in terminology and disease reporting temporally and geographically. Results of the questionnaire showed there were disparities between the methods and terminology used to identify and describe spinal joint diseases. Some significant differences were seen in the ranks applied to disease characteristics, with osteophytes and porosity consistently ranked as the most important lesions in degenerative disc disease. When analysing characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis differences were less significant and there was a lack of agreement as to which characteristics were most diagnostic of the disease. The interobserver study showed all three methods commonly cited within the literature had low interobserver reliability. The highest reliability seen was A=0.640 for the Sager (1969) method. Differences in methods and terminology used were also seen within the literature study. However, the temporal analysis of the literature did show trends in terminology and diagnosis were becoming more standardised. This research has highlighted that there is need for more interobserver testing of currently used methods, and that this must be undertaken before further standardisation of identification and recording methods takes place. Such work will ensure methods are being implemented in the same manner and will in turn facilitate collaboration between commercial and academic spheres, leading to greater understanding of the timeline and progression of spinal joint diseases worldwide.

Published
2022

16. ADVANCES IN HUMAN PALAEOPATHOLOGY.

Author

Nystrom, Pia and Swales, Diana Mahoney

Subjects
*PALEOPATHOLOGY, *NONFICTION
Abstract

The article reviews the book "Advances in Human Palaeopathology," by Ron Pinhasi and Simon Mays.

Published
2009
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