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2. Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age

Author

Swami, V., Tran, U. S., Stieger, S., Aavik, T., Ranjbar, H. A., Adebayo, S. O., Afhami, R., Ahmed, O., Aimé, A., Akel, M., Halbusi, H. A., Alexias, G., Ali, K. F., Alp-Dal, N., Alsalhani, A. B., Álvares-Solas, S., Amaral, A. C. S., Andrianto, S., Aspden, T., Argyrides, M., Aruta, J. J. B. R., Atkin, S., Ayandele, O., Baceviciene, M., Bahbouh, R., Ballesio, A., Barron, D., Bellard, A., Bender, S. S., Beydağ, K. D., Birovljević, G., Blackburn, M. È, Borja-Alvarez, T., Borowiec, J., Bozogáňová, M., Bratland-Sanda, S., Browning, M. H. E. M., Brytek-Matera, A., Burakova, M., Çakır-Koçak, Y., Camacho, P., Camilleri, V. E., Cazzato, V., Cerea, S., Chaiwutikornwanich, A., Chaleeraktrakoon, T., Chambers, T., Chen, Q. W., Chen, X., Chien, C. L., Chobthamkit, P., Choompunuch, B., Compte, E. J., Corrigan, J., Cosmas, G., Cowden, R. G., Czepczor-Bernat, K., Czub, M., da Silva, W. R., Dadfar, M., Dalley, S. E., Dany, L., Datu, J. A. D., Berbert de Carvalho, P. H., Coelho, G. L. D. H., De Jesus, A. O. S., Debbabi, S. H., Dhakal, S., Di Bernardo, F., Dimitrova, D. D., Dion, J., Dixson, B., Donofrio, S. M., Drysch, M., Du, H., Dzhambov, A. M., El-Jor, C., Enea, V., Eskin, M., Farbod, F., Farrugia, L., Fian, L., Fisher, M. L., Folwarczny, M., Frederick, D. A., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Furnham, A., García, A. A., Geller, S., Ghisi, M., Ghorbani, A., Martinez, M. A. G., Gradidge, S., Graf, S., Grano, C., Gyene, G., Hallit, S., Hamdan, M., Handelzalts, J. E., Hanel, P. H. P., Hawks, S. R., Hekmati, I., Helmy, M., Hill, T., Hina, F., Holenweger, G., Hřebíčková, M., Ijabadeniyi, O. A., Imam, A., İnce, B., Irrazabal, N., Jankauskiene, R., Jiang, D. Y., Jiménez-Borja, M., Jiménez-Borja, V., Johnson, E. M., Jovanović, V., Jović, M., Junqueira, A. C. P., Kahle, L. M., Kantanista, A., Karakiraz, A., Karkin, A. N., Kasten, E., Khatib, S., Khieowan, N., Kimong, P. J., Kiropoulos, L., Knittel, J., Kohli, N., Koprivnik, M., Kospakov, A., Król-Zielińska, M., Krug, I., Kuan, G., Kueh, Y. C., Kujan, O., Kukić, M., Kumar, S., Kumar, V., Lamba, N., Lauri, M. A., Laus, M. F., LeBlanc, L. A., Lee, H. J., Lipowska, M., Lipowski, M., Lombardo, C., Lukács, A., Maïano, C., Malik, S., Manjary, M., Baldó, L. M., Martinez-Banfi, M., Massar, K., Matera, C., McAnirlin, O., Mebarak, M. R., Mechri, A., Meireles, J. F. F., Mesko, N., Mills, J., Miyairi, M., Modi, R., Modrzejewska, A., Modrzejewska, J., Mulgrew, K. E., Myers, T. A., Namatame, H., Nassani, M. Z., Nerini, A., Neto, F., Neto, J., Neves, A. N., Ng, S. K., Nithiya, D., O, J., Obeid, S., Oda-Montecinos, C., Olapegba, P. O., Olonisakin, T. T., Omar, S. S., Örlygsdóttir, B., Özsoy, E., Otterbring, T., Pahl, S., Panasiti, M. S., Park, Y., Patwary, M. M., Pethö, T., Petrova, N., Pietschnig, J., Pourmahmoud, S., Prabhu, V. G., Poštuvan, V., Prokop, P., Ramseyer Winter, V. L., Razmus, M., Ru, T., Rupar, M., Sahlan, R. N., Hassan, M. S., Šalov, A., Sapkota, S., Sarfo, J. O., Sawamiya, Y., Schaefer, K., Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M., Seekis, V., Selvi, K., Sharifi, M., Shrivastava, A., Siddique, R. F., Sigurdsson, V., Silkane, V., Šimunić, A., Singh, G., Slezáčková, A., Sundgot-Borgen, C., Ten Hoor, G., Tevichapong, P., Tipandjan, A., Todd, J., Togas, C., Tonini, F., Tovar-Castro, J. C., Trangsrud, L. K. J., Tripathi, P., Tudorel, O., Tylka, T. L., Uyzbayeva, A., Vally, Z., Vanags, E., Vega, L. D., Vicente-Arruebarrena, A., Vidal-Mollón, J., Vilar, R., Villegas, H., Vintilă, M., Wallner, C., White, M. P., Whitebridge, S., Windhager, S., Wong, K. Y., Yau, E. K., Yamamiya, Y., Yeung, V. W. L., Zanetti, M. C., Zawisza, M., Zeeni, N., Zvaríková, M., Voracek, M., Swami, V., Tran, U. S., Stieger, S., Aavik, T., Ranjbar, H. A., Adebayo, S. O., Afhami, R., Ahmed, O., Aimé, A., Akel, M., Halbusi, H. A., Alexias, G., Ali, K. F., Alp-Dal, N., Alsalhani, A. B., Álvares-Solas, S., Amaral, A. C. S., Andrianto, S., Aspden, T., Argyrides, M., Aruta, J. J. B. R., Atkin, S., Ayandele, O., Baceviciene, M., Bahbouh, R., Ballesio, A., Barron, D., Bellard, A., Bender, S. S., Beydağ, K. D., Birovljević, G., Blackburn, M. È, Borja-Alvarez, T., Borowiec, J., Bozogáňová, M., Bratland-Sanda, S., Browning, M. H. E. M., Brytek-Matera, A., Burakova, M., Çakır-Koçak, Y., Camacho, P., Camilleri, V. E., Cazzato, V., Cerea, S., Chaiwutikornwanich, A., Chaleeraktrakoon, T., Chambers, T., Chen, Q. W., Chen, X., Chien, C. L., Chobthamkit, P., Choompunuch, B., Compte, E. J., Corrigan, J., Cosmas, G., Cowden, R. G., Czepczor-Bernat, K., Czub, M., da Silva, W. R., Dadfar, M., Dalley, S. E., Dany, L., Datu, J. A. D., Berbert de Carvalho, P. H., Coelho, G. L. D. H., De Jesus, A. O. S., Debbabi, S. H., Dhakal, S., Di Bernardo, F., Dimitrova, D. D., Dion, J., Dixson, B., Donofrio, S. M., Drysch, M., Du, H., Dzhambov, A. M., El-Jor, C., Enea, V., Eskin, M., Farbod, F., Farrugia, L., Fian, L., Fisher, M. L., Folwarczny, M., Frederick, D. A., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Furnham, A., García, A. A., Geller, S., Ghisi, M., Ghorbani, A., Martinez, M. A. G., Gradidge, S., Graf, S., Grano, C., Gyene, G., Hallit, S., Hamdan, M., Handelzalts, J. E., Hanel, P. H. P., Hawks, S. R., Hekmati, I., Helmy, M., Hill, T., Hina, F., Holenweger, G., Hřebíčková, M., Ijabadeniyi, O. A., Imam, A., İnce, B., Irrazabal, N., Jankauskiene, R., Jiang, D. Y., Jiménez-Borja, M., Jiménez-Borja, V., Johnson, E. M., Jovanović, V., Jović, M., Junqueira, A. C. P., Kahle, L. M., Kantanista, A., Karakiraz, A., Karkin, A. N., Kasten, E., Khatib, S., Khieowan, N., Kimong, P. J., Kiropoulos, L., Knittel, J., Kohli, N., Koprivnik, M., Kospakov, A., Król-Zielińska, M., Krug, I., Kuan, G., Kueh, Y. C., Kujan, O., Kukić, M., Kumar, S., Kumar, V., Lamba, N., Lauri, M. A., Laus, M. F., LeBlanc, L. A., Lee, H. J., Lipowska, M., Lipowski, M., Lombardo, C., Lukács, A., Maïano, C., Malik, S., Manjary, M., Baldó, L. M., Martinez-Banfi, M., Massar, K., Matera, C., McAnirlin, O., Mebarak, M. R., Mechri, A., Meireles, J. F. F., Mesko, N., Mills, J., Miyairi, M., Modi, R., Modrzejewska, A., Modrzejewska, J., Mulgrew, K. E., Myers, T. A., Namatame, H., Nassani, M. Z., Nerini, A., Neto, F., Neto, J., Neves, A. N., Ng, S. K., Nithiya, D., O, J., Obeid, S., Oda-Montecinos, C., Olapegba, P. O., Olonisakin, T. T., Omar, S. S., Örlygsdóttir, B., Özsoy, E., Otterbring, T., Pahl, S., Panasiti, M. S., Park, Y., Patwary, M. M., Pethö, T., Petrova, N., Pietschnig, J., Pourmahmoud, S., Prabhu, V. G., Poštuvan, V., Prokop, P., Ramseyer Winter, V. L., Razmus, M., Ru, T., Rupar, M., Sahlan, R. N., Hassan, M. S., Šalov, A., Sapkota, S., Sarfo, J. O., Sawamiya, Y., Schaefer, K., Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M., Seekis, V., Selvi, K., Sharifi, M., Shrivastava, A., Siddique, R. F., Sigurdsson, V., Silkane, V., Šimunić, A., Singh, G., Slezáčková, A., Sundgot-Borgen, C., Ten Hoor, G., Tevichapong, P., Tipandjan, A., Todd, J., Togas, C., Tonini, F., Tovar-Castro, J. C., Trangsrud, L. K. J., Tripathi, P., Tudorel, O., Tylka, T. L., Uyzbayeva, A., Vally, Z., Vanags, E., Vega, L. D., Vicente-Arruebarrena, A., Vidal-Mollón, J., Vilar, R., Villegas, H., Vintilă, M., Wallner, C., White, M. P., Whitebridge, S., Windhager, S., Wong, K. Y., Yau, E. K., Yamamiya, Y., Yeung, V. W. L., Zanetti, M. C., Zawisza, M., Zeeni, N., Zvaríková, M., and Voracek, M.

Abstract

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset – with data collected between 2020 and 2022 – to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research.

Published
2023

5. Conspiracy mentality and political orientation across 26 countries

Author

Imhoff, R, Zimmer, F, Klein, O, António, J, Babinska, M, Bangerter, A, Bilewicz, M, Blanuša, N, Bovan, K, Bužarovska, R, Cichocka, A, Delouvée, S, Douglas, K, Dyrendal, A, Etienne, T, Gjoneska, B, Graf, S, Gualda, E, Hirschberger, G, Kende, A, Kutiyski, Y, Krekó, P, Krouwel, A, Mari, S, Đorđević, J, Panasiti, M, Pantazi, M, Petkovski, L, Porciello, G, Rabelo, A, Radu, R, Sava, F, Schepisi, M, Sutton, R, Swami, V, Thórisdóttir, H, Turjačanin, V, Wagner-Egger, P, Žeželj, I, van Prooijen, J, Imhoff, Roland, Zimmer, Felix, Klein, Olivier, António, João H. C., Babinska, Maria, Bangerter, Adrian, Bilewicz, Michal, Blanuša, Nebojša, Bovan, Kosta, Bužarovska, Rumena, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Delouvée, Sylvain, Douglas, Karen M., Dyrendal, Asbjørn, Etienne, Tom, Gjoneska, Biljana, Graf, Sylvie, Gualda, Estrella, Hirschberger, Gilad, Kende, Anna, Kutiyski, Yordan, Krekó, Peter, Krouwel, Andre, Mari, Silvia, Đorđević, Jasna Milošević, Panasiti, Maria Serena, Pantazi, Myrto, Petkovski, Ljupcho, Porciello, Giuseppina, Rabelo, André, Radu, Raluca Nicoleta, Sava, Florin A., Schepisi, Michael, Sutton, Robbie M., Swami, Viren, Thórisdóttir, Hulda, Turjačanin, Vladimir, Wagner-Egger, Pascal, Žeželj, Iris, van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, Imhoff, R, Zimmer, F, Klein, O, António, J, Babinska, M, Bangerter, A, Bilewicz, M, Blanuša, N, Bovan, K, Bužarovska, R, Cichocka, A, Delouvée, S, Douglas, K, Dyrendal, A, Etienne, T, Gjoneska, B, Graf, S, Gualda, E, Hirschberger, G, Kende, A, Kutiyski, Y, Krekó, P, Krouwel, A, Mari, S, Đorđević, J, Panasiti, M, Pantazi, M, Petkovski, L, Porciello, G, Rabelo, A, Radu, R, Sava, F, Schepisi, M, Sutton, R, Swami, V, Thórisdóttir, H, Turjačanin, V, Wagner-Egger, P, Žeželj, I, van Prooijen, J, Imhoff, Roland, Zimmer, Felix, Klein, Olivier, António, João H. C., Babinska, Maria, Bangerter, Adrian, Bilewicz, Michal, Blanuša, Nebojša, Bovan, Kosta, Bužarovska, Rumena, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Delouvée, Sylvain, Douglas, Karen M., Dyrendal, Asbjørn, Etienne, Tom, Gjoneska, Biljana, Graf, Sylvie, Gualda, Estrella, Hirschberger, Gilad, Kende, Anna, Kutiyski, Yordan, Krekó, Peter, Krouwel, Andre, Mari, Silvia, Đorđević, Jasna Milošević, Panasiti, Maria Serena, Pantazi, Myrto, Petkovski, Ljupcho, Porciello, Giuseppina, Rabelo, André, Radu, Raluca Nicoleta, Sava, Florin A., Schepisi, Michael, Sutton, Robbie M., Swami, Viren, Thórisdóttir, Hulda, Turjačanin, Vladimir, Wagner-Egger, Pascal, Žeželj, Iris, and van Prooijen, Jan-Willem

Abstract

People differ in their general tendency to endorse conspiracy theories (that is, conspiracy mentality). Previous research yielded inconsistent findings on the relationship between conspiracy mentality and political orientation, showing a greater conspiracy mentality either among the political right (a linear relation) or amongst both the left and right extremes (a curvilinear relation). We revisited this relationship across two studies spanning 26 countries (combined N = 104,253) and found overall evidence for both linear and quadratic relations, albeit small and heterogeneous across countries. We also observed stronger support for conspiracy mentality among voters of opposition parties (that is, those deprived of political control). Nonetheless, the quadratic effect of political orientation remained significant when adjusting for political control deprivation. We conclude that conspiracy mentality is associated with extreme left- and especially extreme right-wing beliefs, and that this non-linear relation may be strengthened by, but is not reducible to, deprivation of political control.

Published
2022

9. Investigating the Links Between Cultural Values and Belief in Conspiracy Theories: The Key Roles of Collectivism and Masculinity

Author

Adam-Troian, J., Wagner-Egger, P., Motyl, M., Arciszewski, T., Imhoff, R., Zimmer, F., Klein, O., Babinska, M., Bangerter, A., Bilewicz, Michal, Blanuša, N., Bovan, K., Bužarovska, R., Cichocka, A., Çelebi, E., Delouvée, S., Douglas, K.M., Dyrendal, A., Gjoneska, B., Graf, Sylvie, Gualda, E., Hirschberger, G., Kende, Anna, Krekó, P., Krouwel, A., Lamberty, P., Mari, S., Milošević, J., Panasiti, M.S., Pantazi, M., Petkovski, L., Porciello, G., Prims, J.P., Rabelo, A., Schepisi, M., Sutton, R.M., Swami, V., Thórisdóttir, H., Turjačanin, Vladimir, Žeželj, Iris, van Prooijen, J.-W., Adam-Troian, J., Wagner-Egger, P., Motyl, M., Arciszewski, T., Imhoff, R., Zimmer, F., Klein, O., Babinska, M., Bangerter, A., Bilewicz, Michal, Blanuša, N., Bovan, K., Bužarovska, R., Cichocka, A., Çelebi, E., Delouvée, S., Douglas, K.M., Dyrendal, A., Gjoneska, B., Graf, Sylvie, Gualda, E., Hirschberger, G., Kende, Anna, Krekó, P., Krouwel, A., Lamberty, P., Mari, S., Milošević, J., Panasiti, M.S., Pantazi, M., Petkovski, L., Porciello, G., Prims, J.P., Rabelo, A., Schepisi, M., Sutton, R.M., Swami, V., Thórisdóttir, H., Turjačanin, Vladimir, Žeželj, Iris, and van Prooijen, J.-W.

Abstract

Research suggests that belief in conspiracy theories (CT) stems from basic psychological mechanisms and is linked to other belief systems (e.g., religious beliefs). While previous research has extensively examined individual and contextual variables associated with CT beliefs, it has not yet investigated the role of culture. In the current research, we tested, based on a situated cultural cognition perspective, the extent to which culture predicts CT beliefs. Using Hofstede's model of cultural values, three nation-level analyses of data from 25, 19, and 18 countries using different measures of CT beliefs (Study 1, N = 5323; Study 2a, N = 12,255; Study 2b, N = 30,994) revealed positive associations between masculinity, collectivism, and CT beliefs. A cross-sectional study among U.S. citizens (Study 3, N = 350), using individual-level measures of Hofstede's values, replicated these findings. A meta-analysis of correlations across studies corroborated the presence of positive links between CT beliefs, collectivism, r =.31, 95% CI = [.15;.47], and masculinity, r =.39, 95% CI = [.18;.59]. Our results suggest that in addition to individual differences and contextual variables, cultural factors also play an important role in shaping CT beliefs.

Published
2021

10. Maintenance of non-pharmacological strategies 6 months after patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) attend a breathlessness service: a qualitative study

Author

Luckett, T, Roberts, M, Swami, V, Smith, T, Cho, J-G, Klimkeit, E, Wheatley, JR, Luckett, T, Roberts, M, Swami, V, Smith, T, Cho, J-G, Klimkeit, E, and Wheatley, JR

Abstract

Objectives This study aimed to explore the degree to which non-pharmacological strategies for chronic breathlessness are sustained 6 months after completing a breathlessness service in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and patient perceptions regarding the need for ongoing support. Design A qualitative approach was taken using semistructured telephone interviews. Thematic analysis used an integrative approach. Setting The Westmead Breathlessness Service (WBS) trains patients with COPD to self-manage chronic breathlessness over an 8-week programme with multidisciplinary input and home visits. Participants Patients with moderate to very severe COPD who had completed the WBS programme 6 months earlier. Results Thirty-two participants were interviewed. One or more breathlessness self-management strategies were sustained by most participants, including breathing techniques (n=22; 69%), the hand-held fan (n=17; 53%), planning/pacing and exercise (n=14 for each; 44%) and strategic use of a four-wheeled walker (n=8; 25%). However, almost a third of participants appeared to be struggling psychologically, including some who had refused psychological intervention. A ‘chaos narrative’ appeared to be prevalent, and many participants had poor recall of the programme. Conclusions Self-management strategies taught by breathlessness services to patients with moderate to very severe COPD have potential to be sustained 6 months later. However, psychological coping may be more challenging to maintain. Research is needed on ways to improve resilience to set-backs and uptake of psychological interventions, as well as to understand and address the implications of poor recall for self-management. Trial registration number ACTRN12617000499381

Published
2021

12. List of Contributors

Author

Alfano, L., primary, Pathy Allen, M., additional, Anderson-Fye, E.P., additional, Aspen, V., additional, Ata, R., additional, Baker, J.H., additional, Bassett, R.L., additional, Bazzini, D.G., additional, Becker, C.B., additional, Behel, J.M., additional, Berkson, S.Y., additional, Biesen, J.N., additional, Bockting, W.O., additional, Bojorquez, I., additional, Boroughs, M.S., additional, Bulik, C.M., additional, Burke, N.L., additional, Butryn, M.L., additional, Byrne, L., additional, Callahan, K., additional, Calogero, R.M., additional, Cash, T.F., additional, Chait, S., additional, Clarke, A., additional, Coletta, M.C., additional, Crerand, C.E., additional, Crowther, J.H., additional, Curtin, L., additional, Daniels, E.A., additional, Davis, C., additional, Davison, T.E., additional, Delinsky, S.S., additional, DePierre, J.A., additional, Diedrichs, P.C., additional, Dilks, R.J., additional, Dionne, M.M., additional, Dittmar, H., additional, Don, B.P., additional, Edmonds, A., additional, Einon, D., additional, Elliot, M.L., additional, Fales, M.R., additional, Fawkner, H.J., additional, Frederick, D.A., additional, Furnham, A., additional, Garcia, J.R., additional, Gardner, R.M., additional, Gonzalez, A.N., additional, Greenleaf, C., additional, Grogan, S., additional, Grover, S.R., additional, Gruys, K., additional, Hale, B.D., additional, Halliwell, E., additional, Harcourt, D., additional, Harriger, J., additional, Harris, A.S., additional, Hildebrandt, T., additional, Hill, A.J., additional, Ho, A., additional, Hollander, E., additional, Hunt, N., additional, Hurd Clarke, L., additional, Jafary, A.M., additional, Jarry, J.L., additional, Jensen, A.L., additional, Carlson Jones, D., additional, Karr, T.M., additional, Katterman, S., additional, Kawamura, K.Y., additional, Kelly, M.C., additional, Kerrigan, S.G., additional, Kleinman, S., additional, Knight, T., additional, Krawczyk, R., additional, LaFlesh, T., additional, Langdon, S.W., additional, Latner, J.D., additional, Lawlor, M.C., additional, Lawrence, J.W., additional, Lennon, S.J., additional, Lester, R.J., additional, Levine, M.P., additional, López, I., additional, Lowder, J.L., additional, Lowe, M.R., additional, Lowry, L.S., additional, Mack, D.E., additional, Mafrici, N., additional, Magee, L., additional, Martin Ginis, K.A., additional, Martz, D.M., additional, McCabe, M.P., additional, McClure, S.M., additional, McCreary, D.R., additional, McCutcheon, J.M., additional, McHale, S., additional, McPherson, K.E., additional, Menzel, J.E., additional, Moeed, S., additional, Morrison, T.G., additional, Murnen, S.K., additional, Murray, A.D., additional, O’Dea, J.A., additional, Oliphant, S., additional, Osborn, D.R., additional, Pawłowski, B., additional, Paxton, S.J., additional, Peterson, J.L., additional, Petrie, T.A., additional, Phillips, K.A., additional, Piran, N., additional, Poole, M., additional, Puhl, R.M., additional, Rennels, J.L., additional, Ressler, A., additional, Reynolds, T.A., additional, Ricciardelli, L.A., additional, Ridolfi, D., additional, Riggio, H.R., additional, Riggio, R.E., additional, Ritter, S., additional, Rodgers, R., additional, Roehrig, M., additional, Rumsey, N.J.K., additional, Russell, R., additional, Rybarczyk, B.D., additional, Sabiston, C.M., additional, Sarwer, D.B., additional, Schaefer, L.M., additional, Schooler, D., additional, Seabrook, R., additional, Sentilles, R.M., additional, Shroff, H.P., additional, Simonich, H., additional, Siragusa, J., additional, Skouteris, H., additional, Smith, D., additional, Smolak, L., additional, Spitzer, J.C., additional, St. Germain, S.A., additional, Swami, V., additional, Taylor, C.B., additional, Thompson, A.R., additional, Thompson, J.K., additional, Tiggemann, M., additional, Tovée, M.J., additional, Tsai, A.G., additional, Tylka, T.L., additional, Unikel, C., additional, van den Berg, P., additional, Vartanian, L.R., additional, Wadden, T.A., additional, Walker, D.C., additional, Wallace, M.L., additional, Waylen, A.E., additional, Webb, V.L., additional, Weisman, H., additional, Wertheim, E.H., additional, White, C.A., additional, Wiederman, M.W., additional, Williams, R.J., additional, Williamson, H., additional, Wilson, P.M., additional, Winzelberg, A., additional, and Wonderlich, S.A., additional

Published
2012
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17. The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS): Breast size dissatisfaction and its antecedents and outcomes in women from 40 nations

Author

Swami, V., Tran, U.S., Barron, D., Afhami, R., Aimé, A., Almenara, C.A., Alp Dal, N., Amaral, A.C.S., Andrianto, S., Anjum, G., Argyrides, M., Atari, M., Aziz, M., Banai, B., Borowiec, J., Brewis, A., Cakir Kocak, Y., Campos, J.A.D.B., Carmona, C., Chaleeraktrakoon, T., Chen, H., Chobthamkit, P., Choompunuch, B., Constantinos, T., Crumlish, A., Cruz, J.E., Dalley, S.E., Damayanti, D., Dare, J., Donofrio, S.M., Draksler, A., Escasa-Dorne, M., Fernandez, E.F., Ferreira, M.E.C., Frederick, D.A., García, A.A., Geller, S., George, A., Ghazieh, L., Goian, C., Gorman, C., Grano, C., Handelzalts, J.E., Horsburgh, H., Jackson, T., Javela Delgado, L.G.J., Jović, Marija, Kantanista, A., Kertechian, S.K., Kessels, L., Król-Zielińska, M., Kuan, G., Kueh, Y.C., Kumar, S., Kvalem, I.L., Lombardo, C., Luis López Almada, E., Maïano, C., Manjary, M., Massar, K., Matera, C., Mereiles, J.F.F., Meskó, N., Namatame, Hikari, Nerini, A., Neto, F., Neto, J., Neves, A.N., Ng, S.-K., Nithiya, D.R., Omar, S.S., Omori, M., Panasiti, M.S., Pavela Banai, I., Pila, E., Pokrajac-Bulian, A., Postuvan, V., Prichard, I., Razmus, Magdalena, Sabiston, C.M., Sahlan, R.N., Sarfo, J.O., Sawamiya, Y., Stieger, S., SturtzSreetharan, C., Tee, E., ten Hoor, G.A., Thongpibul, K., Tipandjan, A., Tudorel, O., Tylka, Tracy L., Vally, Z., Vargas-Nieto, J.C., Vega, L.D., Vidal-Mollón, J., Vintila, M., Williams, D., Wutich, A., Yamamiya, Y., Zambrano, D., Zanetti, M.C., Živčić-Bećirević, I., Voracek, M., Swami, V., Tran, U.S., Barron, D., Afhami, R., Aimé, A., Almenara, C.A., Alp Dal, N., Amaral, A.C.S., Andrianto, S., Anjum, G., Argyrides, M., Atari, M., Aziz, M., Banai, B., Borowiec, J., Brewis, A., Cakir Kocak, Y., Campos, J.A.D.B., Carmona, C., Chaleeraktrakoon, T., Chen, H., Chobthamkit, P., Choompunuch, B., Constantinos, T., Crumlish, A., Cruz, J.E., Dalley, S.E., Damayanti, D., Dare, J., Donofrio, S.M., Draksler, A., Escasa-Dorne, M., Fernandez, E.F., Ferreira, M.E.C., Frederick, D.A., García, A.A., Geller, S., George, A., Ghazieh, L., Goian, C., Gorman, C., Grano, C., Handelzalts, J.E., Horsburgh, H., Jackson, T., Javela Delgado, L.G.J., Jović, Marija, Kantanista, A., Kertechian, S.K., Kessels, L., Król-Zielińska, M., Kuan, G., Kueh, Y.C., Kumar, S., Kvalem, I.L., Lombardo, C., Luis López Almada, E., Maïano, C., Manjary, M., Massar, K., Matera, C., Mereiles, J.F.F., Meskó, N., Namatame, Hikari, Nerini, A., Neto, F., Neto, J., Neves, A.N., Ng, S.-K., Nithiya, D.R., Omar, S.S., Omori, M., Panasiti, M.S., Pavela Banai, I., Pila, E., Pokrajac-Bulian, A., Postuvan, V., Prichard, I., Razmus, Magdalena, Sabiston, C.M., Sahlan, R.N., Sarfo, J.O., Sawamiya, Y., Stieger, S., SturtzSreetharan, C., Tee, E., ten Hoor, G.A., Thongpibul, K., Tipandjan, A., Tudorel, O., Tylka, Tracy L., Vally, Z., Vargas-Nieto, J.C., Vega, L.D., Vidal-Mollón, J., Vintila, M., Williams, D., Wutich, A., Yamamiya, Y., Zambrano, D., Zanetti, M.C., Živčić-Bećirević, I., and Voracek, M.

Published
2020

18. Patient perspectives on how to optimise benefits from a breathlessness service for people with COPD.

Author

Luckett, T, Roberts, MM, Smith, T, Swami, V, Cho, J-G, Wheatley, JR, Luckett, T, Roberts, MM, Smith, T, Swami, V, Cho, J-G, and Wheatley, JR

Abstract

This study aimed to inform understanding of how to optimise patient-perceived benefits from a breathlessness service designed for patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The Westmead Breathlessness Service (WBS) trains patients to self-manage over an 8-week programme, with multidisciplinary input and home visits. A qualitative approach was taken, using semi-structured telephone interviews. Each transcript was globally rated as suggesting 'significant', 'some' or 'no' impact from WBS, and thematic analysis used an integrative approach. Forty-one consecutive participants were interviewed to reach 'information power'. Eighteen (44%) participants reported 'significant' impact, 17 (41%) 'some' impact, and two (5%) 'no' impact. Improvements to breathlessness were usually in the affective and impact dimensions but, more uncommonly, also sensory-perceptual. Participants who benefited in self-esteem, confidence and motivation attributed this to one-to-one multidisciplinary coaching and home visits. Further research should test whether including/excluding more intensive programme elements based on individual need might improve cost-effectiveness.

Published
2020

21. CORROSION INHIBITION EFFECT OF NEWLY SCHIFF BASE ON COPPER METAL IN 1M HYDROCHLORIC ACID.

Author

Kumar, Sanjay and Swami, V. K.

Subjects
*COPPER, *HYDROCHLORIC acid, *SCHIFF bases
Abstract

The Schiff base N,N'-bis[(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl) methylidene] thiourea (BDHNPMTU) was synthesized by condensation of 3,4-dihydroxcy-5-nitro-benzaldehyde and thiourea. The structure of Schiff base was fully characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and UV-Vis methods. The inhibition effect of BDHNPMTU towards the corrosion on copper in 1M HCl was investigated using weight loss measurement technique. Results showed that BDHNPMTU is an effective inhibitor for copper corrosion in 1.0 M HCl solution. It was found that when the concentration of the inhibitors was increased the inhibition efficiency was also increased. Adsorption of the inhibitor on the copper surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. In 4 hr time duration Maximum inhibition efficiency (99%) is shown at highest concentration of inhibitor (5X10-5M). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

22. Associations between belief in conspiracy theories and the maladaptive personality traits of the personality inventory for DSM-5

Author

Swami, V., Weis, L., Ley, A., Barron, D., and Furnham, A.

Subjects
Conspiracy theories, Personality disorders, Maladaptive traits, Unusual beliefs, Suspiciousness, humanities
Abstract

Conspiracy theories can be treated as both rational narratives of the world as well as outcomes of underlying maladaptive traits. Here, we examined associations between belief in conspiracy theories and individual differences in personality disorders. An Internet-based sample (N=259) completed measures of belief in conspiracy theories and the 25 facets of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Preliminary analyses showed no significant differences in belief in conspiracy theories across participant sex, ethnicity, and education. Regression analyses showed that the PID-5 facets of Unusual Beliefs and Experiences and, to a lesser extent, Suspiciousness, significantly predicted belief in conspiracy theories. These findings highlight a role for maladaptive personality traits in understanding belief in conspiracy theories, but require further investigation.

Published
2016

23. Psychometric properties of the Drive for Muscularity Scale in Malay men

Author

Swami, V., Barron, D., Lau, P.L., and Jaafar, J.L.

Subjects
Drive for Muscularity, Men's Body Image, Psychometric Properties, Malaysia, Translation, fungi
Abstract

The Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) is a widely used measure in studies of men’s body image, but few studies have examined its psychometric properties outside English-speaking samples. Here, we assessed the factor structure of a Malay translation of the DMS. A community sample of 159 Malay men from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, completed the DMS, along with measures of self-esteem, body appreciation, and muscle discrepancy. Exploratory factor analysis led to the extraction of two factors, differentiating attitudes from behaviours, which mirrors the parent scale. Both factors also loaded on to a higher-order drive for muscularity factor. The subscales of the Malay DMS had adequate internal consistencies and good convergent validity, insofar as significant relationships were reported with self-esteem, body appreciation,muscle discrepancy, and body mass index. These results indicate that the Malay DMS has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used to assess body image concerns in Malay men.

Published
2016
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24. The Attractive Female Body Weight and Female Body Dissatisfaction in 26 Countries Across 10 World: Regions: Results of the International Body Project I

Author

Swami, V, Frederick, D A, Aavik, T, Ruch, Willibald, Proyer, Rene T, University of Zurich, and Swami, V

Subjects
3207 Social Psychology, body weight, cross, socioeconomic differences, 10093 Institute of Psychology, attractiveness, cultural, International Body Project, 150 Psychology, body dissatisfaction
Published
2010
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25. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the body appreciation scale-2 in university students in Hong Kong

Author

Swami, V. and Ng S-K

Subjects
Body appreciation, Positive body image, Cultural equivalence, Factor structure, Hong Kong
Abstract

Previous studies have suggested that there may not be cross-cultural equivalence in the factor structure of body appreciation. Here, we examine the conceptual equivalence of a Chinese (Cantonese) translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015b), a newly-developed measure of body appreciation. Participants were 457 women and 417 men from a university in Hong Kong. The results of exploratory factor analyses showed that, like its English version, the Chinese BAS-2 had a one-dimensional structure. Body appreciation scores had good internal consistency and were also significantly associated with respondent body mass index, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and (in women) actual-ideal weight discrepancy. Men had significantly higher scores than women, while comparisons with data from Tylka and Wood-Barcalow (2015b) suggest that cross-cultural differences are small-to-moderate at best. The present findings suggest that the BAS-2 may prove to be a useful tool for the assessment of body appreciation across cultures.

Published
2015

29. Gender, health inequalities and welfare state regimes : a cross-national study of thirteen European countries

Author

Bambra, C., Pope, D., Swami, V., Stanistreet, D., Roskam, A., Kunst, A., and Scott-Samuel, A.

Abstract

Background: This study is the first to examine the relationship between gender and self-assessed health (SAH), and the extent to which this varies by socio-economic position in different European welfare state regimes (Liberal, Corporatist, Social Democratic, Southern). Methods: The Eurothine harmonised data set (based on representative cross-sectional national health surveys, conducted between 1998 and 2004) was used to analyse SAH differences by sex and socio-economic position (educational rank) in different welfare states. The sample sizes ranged from 7,124 (Germany) to 118,245 (Italy) and concerned the adult population (aged >= 16 years). Results: Logistic regression analysis (adjusting for age) identified significant sex differences in SAH in nine European welfare states. In the UK (OR=0.88; 95%CI=0.78,0.99) and Finland (OR=0.85; 0.77,0.95), men were significantly more likely to report ‘bad’ or ‘very bad’ health. In Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Holland, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, a significantly higher proportion of women than men reported that their health was ‘bad’ or ‘very bad’. The increased risk of poor SAH experienced by women from these countries ranged from a 23% increase in Denmark (OR=1.23; 95%CI=1.08,1.39) to more than a two-fold increase in Portugal (OR=2.01; 95%CI=1.87,2.15). For some countries (Italy, Portugal, Sweden), women’s relatively worse SAH tended to be most prominent in the group with the highest level of education. Discussion: Women in the Social Democratic and Southern welfare states were more likely to report worse SAH than men. In the Corporatist countries, there were no sex differences in SAH. There was no consistent welfare state regime patterning for sex differences in SAH by socio-economic position. These findings therefore constitute a challenge to regime theory and comparative social epidemiology to engage more with issues of gender.

Published
2009
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33. Vishaghn Dhoop, Nano-Scale Particles with Detoxifying Medicinal Fume, Exhibits Robust Anti-Microbial Activities: Implications of Disinfection Potentials of a Traditional Ayurvedic Air Sterilization Technique

Author

Acharya Balkrishna DLitt, Swami Yagyadev MA, Swami Vipradev MA, Kanchan Singh MSc, Yash Varshney MSc, Shubhangi Rastogi PhD, Swati Haldar PhD, and Anurag Varshney PhD

Subjects
Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999, Homeopathy, RX1-681
Abstract

The rapidly increasing global burden of healthcare associated infections (HAI) is resulting in proportionate increase in chemical disinfection in healthcare settings, adding an extra burden of environmental toxicity. Therefore, alternative disinfection techniques with less or no adverse side-effects need to be explored. In this regard, ayurvedic ‘ dhoopan ’ technique involving slow combustion of medicinal herbs, minerals and animal products hold great promise. In this study, dhoopan of a traditionally defined ayurvedic medicinal mix, ‘Vishaghn Dhoop’ (VD) has been assessed for its anti-microbial potentials against both Gram-positive and negative pathogenic bacteria, Mycobacterium and pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans . Fume generated from slow combustion of VD was subjected to physico-chemical characterization and was assessed for anti-microbial effects. VD fume contained particles of 354 ± 84 nm size, laden with anti-microbial metabolites. On agar plates, VD fumigation reduced bacterial growth by 13 - 38%. Liquid culture aeration with VD fume inhibited bacterial growth by 50 - 85%, and fungal growth by 80%. In real life settings (in vivo) , un-sanitized rooms fumigated with VD fumes for 30 min reduced the environmental microbial loads by 10 folds. In addition, the safety of VD fumigation was evaluated through in vitro cytotoxicity assay on human lung epithelial (A549) cells. Cells exposed to media-collected VD fumes for 24 h exhibited normal cyto-safety profile. Collectively, these observations provide scientific evidence in support of a traditional technique of disinfection, which can be fine-tuned to have implications in clinical, healthcare and food industry where, disinfection is a prime requirement.

Published
2022
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43. The relative contributions of body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) on Samoan adolescent male perceptions of female attractiveness

Author

Knight, D., Davies, P., Swami, V., and Tovee, M.

Subjects
Body mass index -- Surveys, Feminine beauty (Aesthetics) -- Surveys, Samoans -- Surveys, Family and marriage, Health, Surveys
Abstract

Aims: Over half of the population of Independent Samoa is overweight, with overnutrition being the main cause in children and adolescents. A shift in disease pattern is ensuing, with obesity [...]

Published
2004

44. EP37.08: Pulmonary vein PI, GSI and MPI in growth‐restricted and normally grown fetuses.

Author

Swami, V., Dadhwal, V., Sharma, A., Vanamail, P., Rana, A., and Sahay, N.

Abstract

The MPI, GSI and PVPI in SGA were comparable to fetuses with normal growth. To study the Pulmonary vein PI (PVPI), cardiac function (MPI) and geometry (GSI) in growth-restricted fetuses and normally grown fetuses. EP37.08: Pulmonary vein PI, GSI and MPI in growth-restricted and normally grown fetuses. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2022
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45. Enhancing early detection of neurological and developmental disorders and provision of intervention in low-resource settings in Uttar Pradesh, India: study protocol of the G.A.N.E.S.H. programme

Author

Moreno Toldo, Swami Varishthananda, Christa Einspieler, Neeraj Tripathi, Anshu Singh, Surendra K Verma, Kanchan Vishwakarma, Dajie Zhang, Agyeya Dwivedi, Ritika Gupta, Sanjay Karn, Nirmal Kerketta, Ram Narayan, Karuna Nikam Singh, Sumitra Rani, Akanksha Singh, Divyanshu Singh, Krishna Pratap Singh, Navin Singh, Neeraj Singh, Rishi Singh, Shyam P Singh, Rakesh Srivastava, Sandeep Srivastava, Sanjeev Srivastava, Gopal Yadav, Preeti Yadav, Sheshnath Yadav, Sujata Yadav, and Peter B Marschik

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Introduction Around 9% of India’s children under six are diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders. Low-resource, rural communities often lack programmes for early identification and intervention. The Prechtl General Movement Assessment (GMA) is regarded as the best clinical tool to predict cerebral palsy in infants

Published
2020
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47. "How to spot a psychopath". Lay theories of psychopathy.

Author

Furnham A, Daoud Y, Swami V, Furnham, Adrian, Daoud, Yasmine, and Swami, Viren

Abstract

The present study examined lay recognition of psychopathy and beliefs about the behavioural manifestations, aetiology, and treatments of psychopathy. A community sample of 232 participants completed a questionnaire consisting of a vignette-identification task, a ratings task of 45 attitudinal items about psychopathy, and demographics. Analysis of the vignette-identification data showed that participants were significantly less likely to correctly identify a case of psychopathy than they were of either depression or schizophrenia. Factors derived from principal components analysis of the attitudinal items revealed that participants generally believed psychopaths to be intelligent and to have criminal tendencies, and that psychopathy was likely caused by early trauma and stress. Overall, participants may have had monological beliefs about the manifestations, aetiology, and treatments of psychopathy. These results suggest that educational programmes are required to improve mental health literacy in relation to psychopathy among the general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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49. Abstract reasoning and big five personality correlates of creativity in a British occupational sample.

Author

Furnham A, Crump J, and Swami V

Abstract

In the present study, 585 British adults attending an assessment center completed a series of tests that included measures of personality (the Revised NEO Personality Inventory), abstract reasoning (the Graduate and Managerial Assessment), and divergent thinking (DT; the Consequences Test). Correlation analyses showed that DT was significantly and positively correlated with abstract reasoning and the Big Five personality factors of Openness to Experience and Extraversion. A multivariate forward stepwise regression showed that DT was significantly predicted by 'Openness,' Abstract Reasoning, Extraversion, and Agreeableness. Further analyses showed that DT was significantly correlated with 5 of the 6 Openness facets and 4 of the 6 Extraversion facets (as well as with several facets from Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness). Overall, however, abstract reasoning and personality accounted for only 7% of the variance in DT, suggesting that these variables are only modestly associated wtih DT in a British occupational sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008

50. The effect of shape and color symmetry on the aesthetic value of Dayak masks from Borneo.

Author

Swami V

Abstract

In both human and non-human species, as well as in artistic designs, symmetry has been found to enhance judgments of attractiveness. To explore the effects of symmetry on tribal designs, this study designed a set of stimuli using Dayak masks from Borneo, in which shape and color symmetry were manipulated. When British women and men rated the images, there was a significantly greater preference for symmetrically-shaped over asymmetrically-shaped masks, but not for symmetrically-colored masks. However, in a 2-alternative forced-choice experiment, the symmetric mask was significantly preferred for both shape and color manipulations. The results suggest a role for symmetry in the perception of tribal art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008

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