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3. Cervical Spine Injury Policy Adoption: Describing High Schools' Readiness Using the Precaution Adoption Process Model.

Author

Meyer, Courtney M., Swartz, Erik E., Register-Mihalik, Johna K., Yeargin, Susan, and Scarneo-Miller, Samantha E.

Subjects
*CERVICAL vertebrae injuries, *HEALTH policy, *HIGH schools, *ATHLETIC trainers, *CROSS-sectional method, *PSYCHOLOGY, *T-test (Statistics), *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, *HEALTH behavior, *CONCEPTUAL models, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *CHI-squared test, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *EMERGENCY medical services, *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations, *POLICY sciences, *JUDGMENT sampling
Abstract

Best practices to manage cervical spine injury (CSI) in sport have been published, yet knowledge of their use is unknown. To explore adoption of CSI management policies by high school (HS) athletic trainers (ATs) and their associated behaviors, barriers, and facilitators. Cross-sectional study. Online survey platform. Athletic trainers providing medical services to US HSs. The precaution adoption process model was used in an online questionnaire to determine the stage of adoption by ATs for each CSI management policy component. Components obtained from the National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement on acute management of an athlete with a CSI included immediate care, emergency tools to remove equipment, and maintenance of equipment-removal skills. Questions assessed AT demographics, HS characteristics, and facilitators and barriers to policy adoption. Data are presented as proportions and associations determined through χ2 analysis (P <.05). A total of 508 ATs' responses were included. Of these ATs, 33.1% reported adoption of incomplete policies (< 3 components of a CSI management policy, n = 168; 95% CI = 29.0%, 37.1%), and 66.9% reported adoption of comprehensive policies (n = 339; 95% CI = 62.9%, 71.0%). A significant association was found between coordination of CSI policies with emergency medical services (EMS) and adoption of the policy components for comprehensive immediate CSI care (χ21 = 49.56, P <.001), emergency tools for athletic equipment removal (χ21 = 41.49, P <.001), and the practice and maintenance of equipment-removal skills (χ21 = 86.12, P <.001). Approximately two-thirds (66.5%) reported that a positive relationship with EMS (n = 338; 95% CI = 62.4%, 70.7%) was a facilitator, whereas 42.5% reported challenges with local EMS as a barrier (n = 216; 95% CI = 38.2%, 46.9%). Immediate care and emergency tool policy components had the highest rates of adoption. Higher rates of adoption in this project were associated with coordination of CSI policies with local EMS. Athletic trainers also reported challenges in coordinating with EMS. Interventions to improve collaboration, training, and interprofessional respect between ATs and EMS personnel may improve policy adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Consensus Recommendations on the Prehospital Care of the Injured Athlete With a Suspected Catastrophic Cervical Spine Injury

Author

Mills, Brianna M., Conrick, Kelsey M., Anderson, Scott, Bailes, Julian, Boden, Barry P., Conway, Darryl, Ellis, James, Feld, Francis, Grant, Murphy, Hainline, Brian, Henry, Glenn, Herring, Stanley A., Hsu, Wellington K., Isakov, Alex, Lindley, Tory, McNamara, Lance, Mihalik, Jason P., Neal, Timothy L., Putukian, Margot, Rivara, Frederick P., Sills, Allen K., Swartz, Erik E., Vavilala, Monica S., and Courson, Ron

Published
2020
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22. Effects of developmental stage and sex on lower extremity kinematics and vertical ground reaction forces during landing

Author

Swartz, Erik E., Decoster, Laura C., Russell, Pamela J., and Croce, Ronald V.

Subjects
Wounds and injuries -- Research, Wounds and injuries -- Physiological aspects, Anterior cruciate ligament -- Research, Anterior cruciate ligament -- Physiological aspects, Anterior cruciate ligament -- Injuries, Women athletes -- Research, Women athletes -- Injuries, Women athletes -- Physiological aspects, Athletes -- Research, Athletes -- Physiological aspects, Athletes -- Injuries
Published
2005

26. Consensus Recommendations on the Prehospital Care of the Injured Athlete With a Suspected Catastrophic Cervical Spine Injury

Author

Mills, Brianna M., primary, Conrick, Kelsey M., additional, Anderson, Scott, additional, Bailes, Julian, additional, Boden, Barry P., additional, Conway, Darryl, additional, Ellis, James, additional, Feld, Francis, additional, Grant, Murphy, additional, Hainline, Brian, additional, Henry, Glenn, additional, Herring, Stanley A., additional, Hsu, Wellington K., additional, Isakov, Alex, additional, Lindley, Tory R., additional, McNamara, Lance, additional, Mihalik, Jason P., additional, Neal, Timothy L., additional, Putukian, Margot, additional, Rivara, Frederick P., additional, Sills, Allen K., additional, Swartz, Erik E., additional, Vavilala, Monica S., additional, and Courson, Ron, additional

Published
2020
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33. Efficient Football Helmet Face Mask Removal.

Author

Swartz, Erik E.

Subjects
*SPORTS masks, *SAFETY education, *FOOTBALL helmets, *ATHLETIC trainers, *FOOTBALL injuries, *CERVICAL vertebrae injuries, *PREVENTION
Abstract

The author reports on the cervical spine risks as football players remove their face masks. A safe effective method is explained that combines the use of two common techniques. The purpose is safety and also to educate the athletic trainer in the best possible method to remove the mask. Helmets should be inspected regularly and methods must be updated as helmet designs change.

Published
2007

34. An Electromyographic Analysis of the Cuff Link Rehabilitation Device.

Author

Tucker, W. Steven, Armstrong, Charles W., Swartz, Erik E., Campbell, Brian M., and Rankin, James M.

Subjects
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY, ELECTRODIAGNOSIS, MEDICAL rehabilitation, REHABILITATION, PHYSICAL medicine, SURGICAL diagnosis
Abstract

Context: Closed kinetic chain exercises are reported to provide a more functional rehabilitation outcome. Objective: To determine the amount of muscle activity in 4 shoulder muscles during exercise on the Cuff Link. Design: Repeated measures. Setting: Laboratory. Subjects: 10 men and 10 women, age 18-50. Intervention: Subjects performed 3 sets of 5 revolutions on the Cuff Link in non-weight-bearing, partial-weight-bearing, and full-weight-bearing positions. Main Outcome Measures: Electromyography data were collected from the upper trapezius, anterior deltoid, serratus anterior, and pectoralis major and were expressed as percentage of maximal isometric contractions. Results: Significant differences were found across the weight-bearing conditions for all 4 muscles. Exercise on the Cuff Link required minimal to significant amounts of muscle recruitment. Conclusions: Muscle recruit-ment increases as weight bearing increases during use of the Cuff Link, suggesting an increase in dynamic stabilization of the glenohumeral joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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35. Advantages of the Prome Lachman Test.

Author

Norkus, Susan A., Swartz, Erik E., and Floyd, R.T.

Subjects
*CRUCIATE ligaments, *SPORTS injuries
Abstract

Investigates the advantages of the Prone Lachman Test for anterior cruciate ligament in sports athlete. Use of log-roll manuever on prone victim; Evaluation of knee injuries; Rehabilitation of injury.

Published
2002
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44. An Unobtrusive Vitality Monitor

Author

LaRoche, Dain P., primary, Greeley, Harold, additional, Marques, Nise R., additional, Masley, Evan A., additional, Cook, Summer B., additional, Quinn, Timothy J., additional, and Swartz, Erik E., additional

Published
2015
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46. Cervical Spine Functional Anatomy and the Biomechanics of Injury Due to Compressive Loading

Author

Swartz, Erik E, Floyd, R. T, and Cendoma, Mike

Subjects
Special Section: Head and Neck
Abstract

To provide a foundation of knowledge concerning the functional anatomy, kinematic response, and mechanisms involved in axial-compression cervical spine injury as they relate to sport injury.We conducted literature searches through the Index Medicus, SPORT Discus, and PubMed databases and the Library of Congress from 1975-2003 using the key phrases cervical spine injury, biomechanics of cervical spine, football spinal injuries, kinematics of the cervical spine, and axial load.Research on normal kinematics and minor and major injury mechanisms to the cervical spine reveals the complex nature of movement in this segment. The movement into a single plane is not the product of equal and summative movement between and among all cervical vertebrae. Instead, individual vertebrae may experience a reversal of motion while traveling through a single plane of movement. Furthermore, vertebral movement in 1 plane often requires contributed movement in 1 or 2 other planes. Injury mechanisms are even more complex. The reaction of the cervical spine to an axial-load impact has been investigated using cadaver specimens and demonstrates a buckling effect. Impact location and head orientation affect the degree and level of resultant injury.As with any joint of the body, our understanding of the mechanisms of cervical spine injury will ultimately serve to reduce their occurrence and increase the likelihood of recognition and immediate care. However, the cervical spine is unique in its normal kinematics compared with joints of the extremities. Injury biomechanics in the cervical spine are complex, and much can still be learned about mechanisms of the cervical spine injury specific to sports.

Published
2005

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