Search

To describe the epidemiology, patterns of ocular trauma, clinical presentation, visual outcome and prognostic factors of blunt ocular trauma.A teaching hospital based prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 4 years from March 2012 to Feb 2016. 226 patients of all age group fulfilling the various inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. All patients underwent detailed protocol based workup including a comprehensive ocular examination along with relevant radiological tests. Data regarding demographic profile, etiology, circumstances of the injury, traumatic agents, mode and mechanism of injury, extent and severity of injury, clinical features, management and visual outcome was analyzed and prognostic factors including ocular trauma score were evaluated.Out of 402 total cases of ocular trauma, 226 caused by blunt objects were included in this study. 181 (80.1%) were male rest 45(19.9%) were female. The mean age was 42.6 ± 18.8 years. Blunt trauma was more prevalent in age group 16-25yrs (24.3%) followed by 26-35 years (23.9%). Majority (68.6%) of victims belonged to rural background. Most of the patients sustained trauma at road /street (30.5%) and home (27.9%). The most common cause of blunt trauma was road traffic accident (26.5%) followed by sports related injury (22.6%) and physical assault (21.7%). The most frequent traumatic agent was wooden object (26.0%) followed by stone / brick (25.2%) and metallic object (23.1%). Only 32.3% of patients had isolated ocular injuries, rest had associated polytrauma. 93.3% victims had unilateral ocular injury. Left eye (52.3%) was predominantly involved. Majority of injured eyes had more than 3 ocular structure involvement. Out of 241 injured eye 14.0% eyes had only globe injury while 61.4% eyes had simultaneous globe and adnexal injuries. 55.6% eyes had closed globe injury while 19.9% eyes had globe rupture. 20.7% eyes had purely posterior segment injury, while 23.2% eyes had both anterior and posterior segment injury. Most common clinical finding was corneal abrasion (45.6% eyes) followed by hyphema (44.0% eyes), traumatic mydriasis (35.7%), vitreous hemorrhage (33.2%) retinal detachment (20.3%), lens dislocation (22.8%) and traumatic cataract (17.4%). At the time of initial presentation 33.2% eyes had visual impairment and 35.7% eyes had blindness. 14.5% eyes with closed globe injury and 5.0% eyes with open globe injury had zone III injury. Ocular trauma score was in Category I in 14.9% injured eyes and in category II in 7.1% eyes. After 6 months 14.5% of the right eye and 24.2% of the left eye showed blinding outcome.Blunt trauma is the commonest mode of ocular injury. Young adult males are more vulnerable. Intraocular hemorrhage, zone III injury, posterior segment involvement and low ocular trauma score are poor prognostic factors.

Evaluation of GeneXpert in comparison to liquid culture using Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) as gold standard for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in children.A total of 8123 samples, both pulmonary (5830) and extra pulmonary (2293) received from pediatric patients were processed for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear, GeneXpert and MGIT culture simultaneously.Out of 8123 samples, 493 (6.1%) samples were found positive by GeneXpert and 508 (6.2%) samples by MGIT culture, 371 (4.6%) were found positive by both GeneXpert and MGIT culture. MGIT detected 137 (1.7%) extra positive than GeneXpert while GeneXpert detected 122 (1.5%) extra samples more positive than by MGIT. Sensitivity of GeneXpert was 73% and concordance between both methods was 96.8%. Rifampicin resistance was found in 49 (9.9%) samples among MTB positive by GeneXpert. Turnaround time for GeneXpert was approx. 2 ​h and for MGIT, it was 12-28 days.Good sensitivity (73%) and concordance (96.8%) were observed for GeneXpert against MGIT culture in this study. GeneXpert can simultaneously detect MTB and rifampicin resistance in less than 2 ​h while MGIT takes 12-28 days for MTB detection only.

The analysis of inclusions includes a detailed study of cellular and nuclear structures and their modified presentation in a given pathology. This is done using a lot of staining procedures and various very small procedures. Among the many cases that can be encountered with the oral cavity, those in the field of hematological diseases should represent, at the dentist, the area with the highest load. The presence of implants is often an important diagnostic aid in diagnosing an underlying disease. Therefore, the current article is an attempt to incorporate the distinct implants seen in blood dyscrasias.

Phenolics are the most abundant secondary metabolites of plants that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. In the last few years, the development and identification of phenolic compounds from various plants have become a major area of the environment and health-related research. In the present study, different phenolic compounds were purified from the bark of the medicinally important plant Acacia nilotica which is rich in polyphenols and were evaluated for their insecticidal potential against a polyphagous pest, Spodoptera litura (Fab.). The compounds viz. Catechin, Chlorogenic acid, and Umbelliferone were purified from ethyl acetate-acetone (E-AE) fraction using Semi-preparative HPLC and were identified using melting point determination, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Mass Spectroscopy (MS). These phenolic compounds recorded detrimental effects on the growth and development of second instar larvae (6 days old) of S. litura. The larval growth, survival, adult emergence, pupal weight, and different nutritional indices were adversely affected by the various concentrations of these purified compounds. The findings revealed the insecticidal potential of polyphenols obtained from the bark of A. nilotica, which can provide an alternative for resistance management, as these plant phytochemicals are highly effective against insecticide-resistant insect pests.

Objective The current research was conducted with an aim to assess the association of oral microbiome with Potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) because usage of tobacco in any form alters the normal microbiome and shifts it towards dysbiosis. Thus, our definitive knowledge of the oral commensal bacteria and oral cancer link can definitely be used as a potential adjunct to early diagnosis and management of PMDs and prevent it's malignant transformation. Study design A total of 100 individuals of minimum 18 years of age were included in the study which, were classified into 2 groups of tobacco users (50) and non-tobacco users (50). The tobacco users had a history of tobacco consumption for at least 5 years. Results The present study, showed highest percentage (72%) of anaerobic bacteria, followed by aerobic (22%) and lowest count of yeast (4%). Conclusion The ecological shift to dysbiosis is a significant finding in oral carcinogenesis. Further investigation on a larger group of altered microbiomes will definitely help in establishing relationship of altered microbiome and PMDs, which can help in appropriate treatment and better prognosis.

BackgroundOmicron a new variant of SARS COV2 was first detected in November 2021. This was believed to be highly transmissible and evade immunity as a result urgent need was felt to screen all positive, identify Omicron cases and isolate them to prevent spread of infection and study their clinico-epidemiological profile.MethodologyAll positive cases detected in state of Rajasthan during November to January beginning were selected for next generation sequencing. Processing was done as per protocol on Ion Torrent S5 system for 1210 samples and bioinformatics analysis was done.ResultsAmong the 1210 samples tested 762(62.9%) were Delta/Delta like and other lineages, 291(24%) were Omicron and 157(12.9%) were invalid or repeat samples. Within a month the proportion of Delta and other variants was reversed, from zero omicron became 81% and delta and other variants 19%, initially all omicron cases were international travelers and their contacts but soon community transmission was seen. Majority of omicron patients were asymptomatic (56.7%) or had mild disease (33%), 9.2% had moderate symptoms and 2(0.7%) had severe disease requiring hospitalization, of which one (0.3%) died and rest (99.7%) recovered. History of vaccination was seen in 81.1%, of previous infection in 43.2%. Among the Omicron cases BA.1 (62.8%) was the predominant lineage followed by BA.2(23.7%) and B.1.529 (13.4%), however rising trends were seen initially for BA.1 and later for BA.2 also.ConclusionIn very short time Omicron has spread in community and has taken over the preexisting Delta/Delta like and other lineages, it evades immunity, but the good part is most of the cases were asymptomatic or had mild disease and mortality rate was very low.

Background The leptin receptor (LEPR) gene, is a member of the class I cytokine receptor superfamily, with six known isoforms. Animal as well as human modal both studies indicate that LEPR have important and powerful roles in the mechanism of obesity. This study aims to determine the correlation of the LEPR genetic variant with obesity and leptin level in the obese and control groups in the northern Indian population. Methods 109 fertile controls and 120 unexplained infertile cases were recruited. Serum leptin level was measured by active human ELISA kit using an ELISA reader. Leptin receptor gene polymorphism A668G, A326G and G1968C were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results The anthropometric parameters are slightly higher in obese cases as compared to control group (p > 0.005), whereas waist circumference and hip circumference shows a significant p- value (p Conclusion Genetic variants (Gln223Arg), (Lys109Arg) and (Lys656Asn) in LEPR gene are significantly associated with anthropometric parameter obesity and leptin level in northern Indian population.

Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a benign fibro-osseous lesion which belongs to the same category of fibrous dysplasia and cement-ossifying dysplasia. It arises from the periodontal membrane which contains multipotent cells that are capable of forming cementum, lamellar bone, and fibrous tissue. It is more common in the mandible than in the maxilla. We present a case of COF in the maxilla, a rare occurrence in a 66-year-old female with the chief complaint of a swelling in the left upper back tooth region for the past 3 years. A panoramic radiograph was taken, which showed an oval radiopaque lesion in the second quadrant from 24 to maxillary tuberosity. In the maxilla, the clinical and radiological differential diagnosis includes fibrous dysplasia, giant cell lesions, cementoblastoma, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, and peripheral giant cell granuloma. It is sharply circumscribed and demarcated from the surrounding bone, so surgical excision is the treatment of choice.

The harmful effects of tobacco have been well known, studied and advertised, however tobacco is still consumed in different forms by all genders. Tobacco smoking during pregnancy is double trouble, considering the already high-risk state of the pregnant female. Smoking in pregnancy and current COVID-19 scenario poses additional challenge to mother and fetus. Nicotine and toxins including carbon monoxide have been proposed to cause maternal and fetal perilous impacts. More studies are needed to find various abnormalities associated with smoking in pregnancy.

Bacterial canker, a destructive disease caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis causes significant economic losses to tomato production worldwide. Biological control has been proposed as an alternative to current chemical protectants, however, a little headway has so far been made in developing biocontrol methods against this destructive bacterial pathogen. To narrow this knowledge gap, we investigated the antagonistic capacity of different rhizobacterial isolates from three horticultural crops viz., apple, apricot and strawberry against C. michiganensis under in vitro conditions. The potential antagonistic strains showing in vitro inhibition against C. michiganensis were further screened for multifarious plant growth promoting and biocontrol activities (P-solubilization, IAA production, siderophore production, lytic enzyme activity, and ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen). Increase in concentration of cell free supernatant from 0.25 to 1.00% (v/v) revealed significant increase in antagonistic activity against C. michiganensis with most prominent increase being observed in isolate S1 with 9.90 mm zone of inhibition at 0.25% concentration, which increased to 15.40 mm with increase in concentration to 1.0%. Five most efficient antagonists identified under in vitro conditions were tested for biocontrol potential against C. michiganensis under net house conditions. Isolate S1 showed maximum reduction in disease incidence (70.00%) with minimum disease severity recorded (28.55%), besides significant increase in various plant growth parameters. The isolate was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by 16S rDNA sequencing. Therefore, strain S1 holds considerable biocontrol as well as growth promoting potential and could be used as a potential biocontrol agent against bacterial canker of tomato.

There are ample literature addressing the dynamic analysis for gears. In this paper, some important literature on dynamics of both healthy gears and gears with defects have been reviewed. Dynamic analysis of gears is significant from the condition monitoring point of view. Single degree of freedom dynamic model for spur gears has been detailed first. Dynamic study for worm gear with force analysis has been reported. Also, the effect of defects like crack and spall on dynamic behavior of gears studied by researchers has been included in this review. The study of defect model can be utilized in improving the efficiency of the system and preventing the failures in industries as well.

Six different crude extracts from bark powder of an important medicinal plant, Acacia nilotica (L.) were investigated for their toxicity against Spodoptera litura (Fab.). Total phenolic content in six crude extracts was measured. Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) was also performed for qualitative analysis of six crude extracts which revealed the presence of 11 phenolic compounds. Bioassays conducted with all crude extracts revealed maximum adverse effect with acetone extract. Duration of larval period and total development period was found to be prolonged. Various aberrations were observed in pupae and adults in the form of wrinkled pupae, blackened pupae, bulged out head part of pupae, partially emerged adults and adults with crumpled wings. All nutritional indices viz. RGR, RCR, ECI, ECD and AD decreased with treatment. The findings indicated that A. nilotica had considerable potential in the management of this serious insect pest.

Quite a few lesions of the oral cavity specifically of the gingiva have a greater inclination towards women and mostly occur during the first four decades of life, the cause of which may be credited to the changing levels of sex hormones. Out of all such lesions, one lesion whose aetiology is still unclear and which originats from the periosteum or periodontal ligament is central giant cell granuloma. Repeatedly, it is has been described as a reactive lesion, the cause of which may be secondary to local irritants or trauma, specifically plaque or calculus, which is not considered to be a true neoplasm. Here we present a case of a 51-year-old female patient with aggressive gingival growth within 10–13 months of hormonal replacement therapy. The aetiology, histological features and appropriate treatment are discussed in the light of current literature.

Neurofibroma (NF) is a benign tumour of the peripheral nervous system which is rare in head and neck region. Head and neck NF are mostly located in the soft tissue and rarely seen intraosseously. These may present either as solitary lesions or as part of the generalised syndrome of neurofibromatosis or von Recklinghausen's disease of the skin. The intraosseous ones are most commonly seen as solitary lesions, rather than part of neurofibromatosis. The following report describes a unique case of a solitary neurofibroma of the maxilla without generalised syndrome of neurofibromatosis in a male patient.

Hypodontia is the congenital absence of less than six teeth because of agenesis. Congenital absence of tooth (hypodontia) from the dental arch, may occur with any tooth, most commonly being third molars, however, absence of permanent mandibular canine is rare. The absence of teeth may be unilateral or bilateral. There are reports showing unilateral occurrence of permanent mandibular canines but agenesis of bilateral mandibular canines is not well documented in the literature and comprehensive review of literature shows paucity of data pertaining to this anomaly. Here we report one such rare case of congenitally missing mandibular permanent canines bilaterally.

In today’s world, there is a growing need of protection of one’s property—security is one major issue which should be taken care of by everyone. There is a lot of increase in the number of thefts or stealing with the advancement of technology and so this directs our attention toward protecting our property. The most popular way of protecting our property would be a video surveillance and constant monitoring. Since technology has both boon and harm, we can use it to develop a system to improve the functionalities of existing video surveillance system, which can track the movements of the suspicious people, generate an alarm, and even record them from the time of suspicious activities. Our main motive is to develop a real-time application for the purpose of video surveillance which will not only detect motion, but also inform the user of any kind of suspicious activity, record from the moment of any kind of activity, and also turn the camera in the direction of motion. We will be doing it with the help of a MATLAB version 2014a.

Introduction: Vitamin D is now known to be essential to Mycobacterium tuberculosis containment and killing through activation of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D receptors (VDRs) present on all immune cells or obtained from dietary food stuffs as either vitamin D3 or vegetable vitamin D2 (also known as ergocalciferol). Aim: To evaluate the association of serum vitamin D level between the Female Genital Tuberculosis (FGTB) cases and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Total 120 cases and 120 controls enrolled for the study following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed clinical history was taken from each subjects. Total of 3 ml of the blood was collected in EDTA vial from each subject (case and control). Quantification of serum vitamin D level was measured by active human vitamin D ELISA kit using an ELISA reader. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0. A p-value

In this paper, author achieved a very important directivity improvement for a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna using a new metamaterial structure. To this end, a homogenization procedure of the LHM is carried out in order to design the patch antenna at a suitable frequency where the losses of the LHM are low. From the results, it is noted that in the presence of the LHM, the antenna is more directive and has a higher gain. The metamaterial structure is a combination of hexagonal split ring and pentagonal shapes to form a design which modifies the patch antenna results to require extent i.e. improved directivity. All the designing and simulation work was done in the CST-MWS.

Warthin’s tumor, also known as papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum or adenolymphoma, is the second most common benign tumor of the salivary glands. It is commonly seen in lower lobe of the parotid gland and affects mainly male in sixth or seventh decades of life. Studies have shown that there is a close association between Warthin’s tumor and cigarette smoking. Preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of a parotid mass plays a pivotal role in differentiating neoplastic from inflammatory lesion as well as management of patients. We report a case of a 70 year old male chronic smoker who presented with painless swelling in the parotid region bilaterally.

Clastic cells are responsible for the resorption of mineralized matrix of hard tissues. Bone resorbing cells are called osteoclasts; however, they are able to resorb mineralized dental tissues or calcified cartilage, and then, they are called odontoclasts and chondroclasts, respectively. Clastic cells form when mononuclear precursors derived from a monocyte-macrophage cell lineage are attracted to certain mineralized surfaces and subsequently fuse and adhere to them for exerting their resorbing activity. The clastic cells are responsible for degradation of calcified extracellular matrix composed of organic molecules and hydroxyapatite. This process is mainly required in bone turnover and growth, spontaneous and induced (orthodontic) tooth movement, tooth eruption, and bone fracture healing, as well as in pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone metastasis. In addition, they are responsible for daily control of calcium homeostasis. Clastic cells also resorb the primary teeth for shedding before the permanent teeth erupt into the oral cavity.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent malignant neoplasm affecting structures of the oral mucosa, which accounts for more than 90% of all malignant lesions in the mouth. Carcinomas of the gingiva are a unique subset of oral SCC (OSCC), constituting approximately 10% of OSCCs and tend to present as having benign features, and of all the intraoral carcinomas, gingival OSCC is least associated with tobacco abuse and has the greatest predilection for females. They can mimic a multitude of oral lesions, especially those of inflammatory origin with benign features, often leading to delay in the diagnosis, and hence delayed treatment. We are reporting a case of gingival SCC in a 35-year-old female patient who presented with a peripheral growth in the left mandibular gingiva.