9,565 results on '"Sweetening agents"'
Search Results
2. Design Optimization of a Novel Catalytic Approach for Transglucosylated Isomaltooligosaccharides into Dietary Polyols Structures by Leuconostoc mesenteroides Dextransucrase.
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Muñoz-Labrador, Ana, Doyagüez, Elisa, Azcarate, Silvana, Julio-Gonzalez, Cristina, Barile, Daniela, Moreno, F, and Hernandez-Hernandez, Oswaldo
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acceptor reaction ,gluco-oligosaccharides ,glucosylation ,isomalto-oligosaccharides ,prebiotic ,sweetener ,Glucosyltransferases ,Oligosaccharides ,Leuconostoc mesenteroides ,Bacterial Proteins ,Polymers ,Biocatalysis ,Sweetening Agents ,Glycosylation - Abstract
Polyols, or sugar alcohols, are widely used in the industry as sweeteners and food formulation ingredients, aiming to combat the incidence of diet-related Non-Communicable Diseases. Given the attractive use of Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) enzymes in both academia and industry, this study reports on an optimized process to achieve polyols transglucosylation using a dextransucrase enzyme derived from Leuconostoc mesenteroides. These enzyme modifications could lead to the creation of a new generation of glucosylated polyols with isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOS) structures, potentially offering added functionalities such as prebiotic effects. These reactions were guided by a design of experiment framework, aimed at maximizing the yields of potential new sweeteners. Under the optimized conditions, dextransucrase first cleared the glycosidic bond of sucrose, releasing fructose with the formation of an enzyme-glucosyl covalent intermediate complex. Then, the acceptor substrate (i.e., polyols) is bound to the enzyme-glucosyl intermediate, resulting in the transfer of glucosyl unit to the tested polyols. Structural insights into the reaction products were obtained through nuclear maneic resonance (NMR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analyses, which revealed the presence of linear α(1 → 6) glycosidic linkages attached to the polyols, yielding oligosaccharide structures containing from 4 to 10 glucose residues. These new polyols-based oligosaccharides hold promise as innovative prebiotic sweeteners, potentially offering valuable health benefits. more...
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- 2024
Catalog
3. Food additives for the central nervous system, useful or harmful? An evidence-based review.
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Fadaei, Mohammadmahdi, Lahijan, Amirhossein Sangi Nasab, Jahanmehr, Davood, Ahmadi, Alireza, and Asadi-Golshan, Reza
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FOOD additives , *FOOD preservatives , *NONNUTRITIVE sweeteners , *PLANT extracts , *MONOSODIUM glutamate , *GARLIC - Abstract
ObjectivesMethodsResultsDiscussionThis review examines how food additives impact the central nervous system (CNS) focusing on the effects of sugars, artificial sweeteners, colorings, and preservatives.A literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published since 2010. Key search terms included, food additives, neurotoxicity, cognition, and behavior.It summarizes research findings on additives such as aspartame, stevia, methylene blue, azo dyes, sodium benzoate, and monosodium glutamate. It also covers mechanisms such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and disruptions in neurotransmitter systems. Furthermore, it emphasizes the properties of natural compounds such as garlic (
Allium sativum ), tetramethylpyrazine, curcumin, licorice root extract (glycyrrhizin), and polyphenols in mitigating CNS damage caused by food additives.Although ongoing studies are expanding our knowledge on the effects of these additives, future CNS research should focus on long-term investigations involving subjects to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the cumulative impacts of different additives and update regulatory standards based on new scientific findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2025
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4. The effect of different sweeteners on the oral microbiome: a randomized clinical exploratory pilot study.
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Zakis, Davis R., Brandt, Bernd W., van der Waal, Suzette V., Keijser, Bart J. F., Crielaard, Wim, van der Plas, Derek W.K., Volgenant, Catherine M.C., and Zaura, Egija
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ORAL microbiology , *DENTAL plaque , *MOUTHWASHES , *HYPERVARIABLE regions , *SWEETENERS , *INULIN , *TREHALOSE - Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the modulating effects of five commonly used sweetener (glucose, inulin, isomaltulose, tagatose, trehalose) containing mouth rinses on the oral microbiome. Methods: A single-centre, double-blind, parallel randomized clinical trial was performed with healthy, 18–55-year-old volunteers (N = 65), who rinsed thrice-daily for two weeks with a 10% solution of one of the allocated sweeteners. Microbiota composition of supragingival dental plaque and the tongue dorsum coating was analysed by 16S RNA gene amplicon sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region (Illumina MiSeq). As secondary outcomes, dental plaque red fluorescence and salivary pH were measured. Results: Dental plaque microbiota changed significantly for two groups: inulin (F = 2.0239, p = 0.0006 PERMANOVA, Aitchison distance) and isomaltulose (F = 0.67, p = 0.0305). For the tongue microbiota, significant changes were observed for isomaltulose (F = 0.8382, p = 0.0452) and trehalose (F = 1.0119, p = 0.0098). In plaque, 13 species changed significantly for the inulin group, while for tongue coating, three species changed for the trehalose group (ALDEx2, p < 0.1). No significant changes were observed for the secondary outcomes. Conclusion: The effects on the oral microbiota were sweetener dependant with the most pronounced effect on plaque microbiota. Inulin exhibited the strongest microbial modulating potential of the sweeteners tested. Further full-scale clinical studies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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5. Maternal low-calorie sweeteners consumption rewires hypothalamic melanocortin circuits via a gut microbial co-metabolite pathway
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Park, Soyoung, Belfoul, Amine M, Rastelli, Marialetizia, Jang, Alice, Monnoye, Magali, Bae, Hosung, Kamitakahara, Anna, Giavalisco, Patrick, Sun, Shan, Barelle, Pierre-Yves, Plows, Jasmine, Jang, Cholsoon, Fodor, Anthony, Goran, Michael I, and Bouret, Sebastien G more...
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Neurosciences ,Obesity ,Nutrition ,Diabetes ,Pediatric ,Underpinning research ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Good Health and Well Being ,Animals ,Mice ,Male ,Female ,Humans ,Pregnancy ,Sweetening Agents ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Type 2 ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Energy Intake ,Imprinting ,Melanocortin ,Metabolism ,Neuroendocrine regulation ,Neuroscience - Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is growing at an alarming rate, including among pregnant women. Low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) have increasingly been used as an alternative to sugar to deliver a sweet taste without the excessive caloric load. However, there is little evidence regarding their biological effects, particularly during development. Here, we used a mouse model of maternal LCS consumption to explore the impact of perinatal LCS exposure on the development of neural systems involved in metabolic regulation. We report that adult male, but not female, offspring from both aspartame- and rebaudioside A-exposed dams displayed increased adiposity and developed glucose intolerance. Moreover, maternal LCS consumption reorganized hypothalamic melanocortin circuits and disrupted parasympathetic innervation of pancreatic islets in male offspring. We then identified phenylacetylglycine (PAG) as a unique metabolite that was upregulated in the milk of LCS-fed dams and the serum of their pups. Furthermore, maternal PAG treatment recapitulated some of the key metabolic and neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with maternal LCS consumption. Together, our data indicate that maternal LCS consumption has enduring consequences on the offspring's metabolism and neural development and that these effects are likely to be mediated through the gut microbial co-metabolite PAG. more...
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- 2023
6. The artificial sweetener erythritol and cardiovascular event risk.
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Witkowski, Marco, Nemet, Ina, Alamri, Hassan, Wilcox, Jennifer, Gupta, Nilaksh, Nimer, Nisreen, Haghikia, Arash, Li, Xinmin, Wu, Yuping, Saha, Prasenjit, Demuth, Ilja, König, Maximilian, Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth, Cajka, Tomas, Landmesser, Ulf, Tang, W, Hazen, Stanley, and Fiehn, Oliver more...
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Humans ,Sweetening Agents ,Prospective Studies ,Erythritol ,Myocardial Infarction ,Heart - Abstract
Artificial sweeteners are widely used sugar substitutes, but little is known about their long-term effects on cardiometabolic disease risks. Here we examined the commonly used sugar substitute erythritol and atherothrombotic disease risk. In initial untargeted metabolomics studies in patients undergoing cardiac risk assessment (n = 1,157; discovery cohort, NCT00590200 ), circulating levels of multiple polyol sweeteners, especially erythritol, were associated with incident (3 year) risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; includes death or nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke). Subsequent targeted metabolomics analyses in independent US (n = 2,149, NCT00590200 ) and European (n = 833, DRKS00020915 ) validation cohorts of stable patients undergoing elective cardiac evaluation confirmed this association (fourth versus first quartile adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.80 (1.18-2.77) and 2.21 (1.20-4.07), respectively). At physiological levels, erythritol enhanced platelet reactivity in vitro and thrombosis formation in vivo. Finally, in a prospective pilot intervention study ( NCT04731363 ), erythritol ingestion in healthy volunteers (n = 8) induced marked and sustained (>2 d) increases in plasma erythritol levels well above thresholds associated with heightened platelet reactivity and thrombosis potential in in vitro and in vivo studies. Our findings reveal that erythritol is both associated with incident MACE risk and fosters enhanced thrombosis. Studies assessing the long-term safety of erythritol are warranted. more...
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- 2023
7. Artificially sweetened beverages and urinary incontinence-a secondary analysis of the Womens Health Initiative Observational Study.
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Ringel, Nancy, Hovey, Kathleen, Andrews, Chris, Mossavar-Rahmani, Yasmin, Snetselaar, Linda, Howard, Barbara, Iglesia, Cheryl, and Shadyab, Aladdin
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Humans ,Female ,Artificially Sweetened Beverages ,Sweetening Agents ,Risk Factors ,Womens Health ,Urinary Incontinence - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if higher artificially sweetened beverage intake is associated with higher prevalence of urinary incontinence symptoms. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Womens Health Initiative Observational Study. Our analytic cohort included 80,388 women. Participants who answered questions about beverage consumption and urinary incontinence symptoms at a 3-year follow-up visit were included. Demographic characteristics were compared between three groups of beverage consumers: never to less than one serving per week, one to six servings per week, and greater than or equal to one serving per day. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to estimate odds and type of urinary incontinence and adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS: Most participants (64%) were rare consumers of artificially sweetened beverages, with 13% ( n = 10,494) consuming greater than or equal to 1 serving per day. The unadjusted odds of reporting urinary incontinence were 10% to 12% higher in women consuming one to six servings per week (odds ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06-1.14) or greater than or equal to one serving per day (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.18) versus never to less than one serving per week. In multivariable analyses, women consuming greater than or equal to one serving per day (ref: never to more...
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- 2023
8. D-Tagatose: A Rare Sugar with Functional Properties and Antimicrobial Potential against Oral Species.
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Ortiz, Adriana de Cássia, Fideles, Simone Ortiz Moura, Reis, Carlos Henrique Bertoni, Pagani, Bruna Trazzi, Bueno, Lívia Maluf Menegazzo, Moscatel, Matheus Bento Medeiros, Buchaim, Rogerio Leone, and Buchaim, Daniela Vieira more...
- Abstract
Carbohydrates have a dietary role, but excessive consumption of high-calorie sugars can contribute to an increased incidence of metabolic diseases and dental caries. Recently, carbohydrates with sweetening properties and low caloric value, such as D-tagatose, have been investigated as alternative sugars. D-tagatose is a rare sugar that has nutritional and functional properties of great interest for health. This literature review presents an approach to the biological effects of D-tagatose, emphasizing its benefits for oral health. Studies report that D-tagatose has antioxidant and prebiotic effects, low digestibility, reduced glycemic and insulinemic responses, and the potential to improve the lipid profile, constituting an alternative for diabetes mellitus and obesity. It can also be observed that D-tagatose has an antioxidant action, favoring the elimination of free radicals and, consequently, causing a reduction in cellular oxidative stress. Furthermore, it also has antibacterial potential against oral species. Regarding oral health, studies have shown that D-tagatose efficiently reversed bacterial coaggregations, including periodontopathogenic species, and impaired the activity and growth of cariogenic bacteria, such as S. mutans. D-tagatose significantly inhibited biofilm formation, pH decrease and insoluble glucan synthesis in S. mutans cultures. Salivary S. mutans counts were also significantly reduced by the consumption of chewing gum containing D-tagatose and xylitol. In addition, there is evidence that tagatose is effective as an air-polishing powder for biofilm decontamination. The literature indicates that D-tagatose can contribute to the prevention of systemic diseases, also constituting a promising agent to improve oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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9. Optimization of the static brewing technique for ready-to-drink Kangra orthodox green tea, sweetened with selected sweeteners.
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Thakur, Chahat, Kaushal, Manisha, Vaidya, Devina, Verma, Anil Kumar, Gupta, Anil, and Sharma, Ruchi
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GREEN tea ,SWEETENERS ,BREWING ,RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics) ,CONSUMER preferences ,XYLITOL - Abstract
The central goal of this investigation is to optimize static brewing using response surface methodology for the preparation of static brew ready-to-drink Kangra orthodox green tea, while enhancing flavour and quality while incorporating selected sweeteners to satisfy consumer preferences and market requirements. In this study, the concentration of tea leaves (0.95–1%) and steeping time (7–16 h) were determined to be independent variables. The analysis of the statistical data exposed a significant consequence of extraction parameters on all responses. In static brewing, the optimal conditions were 1% w/w orthodox green tea leaves in 4 °C water, steeped for 14.40 h to maximize total phenolic content, antioxidants activity, a*, b* colour value and overall acceptability and to minimize pH, cream, tannins, caffeine and colour value L* of static brewing green tea. The predicted total phenolic content is 248.40 µL GAE/mL, antioxidants activity 92.73 mM TE/mL, a* − 4.17, b* 7.18 colour value and overall acceptability 8.33 and to minimize pH 4.69, cream 1.98%, tannins 19.32 µg TAE/mL, caffeine 33,180 mg/L and L* colour value 42.24 was under optimum static brewing extraction conditions. A balanced taste is achieved in the Kangra Orthodox ready-to-drink tea by combining sugar, honey, and xylitol, because these sweeteners all have varying nutritional and sensory properties. Sweetening agents (8–13° bx) were used to enhance the palatability of the ready-to-drink tea. Optimization of different sweeteners in static brew ready-to-drink Kangra orthodox tea based on sensory rating 10° bx in honey and sugar and xylitol (12° bx) based tea received the highest sensory rating. An innovative aspect of this study is the use of cold static brewing to produce ready-to-drink Kangra orthodox green tea at low temperatures (4 °C), which has demonstrated higher antioxidant activity and sensory appeal than traditional hot tea brewing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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10. Early-life low-calorie sweetener consumption disrupts glucose regulation, sugar-motivated behavior, and memory function in rats
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Tsan, Linda, Chometton, Sandrine, Hayes, Anna Mr, Klug, Molly E, Zuo, Yanning, Sun, Shan, Bridi, Lana, Lan, Rae, Fodor, Anthony A, Noble, Emily E, Yang, Xia, Kanoski, Scott E, and Schier, Lindsey A
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Genetics ,Prevention ,Obesity ,Women's Health ,Microbiome ,Pediatric ,Neurosciences ,Mental Health ,Childhood Obesity ,Diabetes ,Nutrition ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Stroke ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Animals ,Rats ,Sweetening Agents ,Saccharin ,Sugars ,Glucose ,Energy Intake ,Collagens ,Development ,Glucose metabolism ,Memory ,Neuroscience ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
Low-calorie sweetener (LCS) consumption in children has increased dramatically due to its widespread presence in the food environment and efforts to mitigate obesity through sugar replacement. However, mechanistic studies on the long-term impact of early-life LCS consumption on cognitive function and physiological processes are lacking. Here, we developed a rodent model to evaluate the effects of daily LCS consumption (acesulfame potassium, saccharin, or stevia) during adolescence on adult metabolic, behavioral, gut microbiome, and brain transcriptomic outcomes. Results reveal that habitual early-life LCS consumption impacts normal postoral glucose handling and impairs hippocampal-dependent memory in the absence of weight gain. Furthermore, adolescent LCS consumption yielded long-term reductions in lingual sweet taste receptor expression and brought about alterations in sugar-motivated appetitive and consummatory responses. While early-life LCS consumption did not produce robust changes in the gut microbiome, brain region-specific RNA-Seq analyses reveal LCS-induced changes in collagen- and synaptic signaling-related gene pathways in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, respectively, in a sex-dependent manner. Collectively, these results reveal that habitual early-life LCS consumption has long-lasting implications for glucoregulation, sugar-motivated behavior, and hippocampal-dependent memory in rats, which may be based in part on changes in nutrient transporter, sweet taste receptor, and central gene pathway expression. more...
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- 2022
11. Food Safety Aspects of Palm Sugar: The Authentic Local Sweetener from Baduy Tribe, Indonesia
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R.T.K. Dewi, D.P. Elfriede, Fransisca, and S. Lai
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food safety ,polymerase chain reaction ,sweetening agents ,metals ,heavy ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
Background: Baduy is an Indonesian native tribe which still holds ancestral heritage, including food processing. Palm sugar is considered as an authentic local sweetener that is produced naturally by the Baduy individually and is frequently used as a souvenir for tourists. However, the data describing the safety of palm sugar in terms of microbial and heavy metal content have not been widely reported. This study aimed to analyze palm sugar’s safety on the basis of microbial and heavy metal content. Method: Palm sugars were obtained from 5 of 25 sugar makers in Kanekes village, Baduy using a purposive random sampling in April 2021. The analysis of Total Plate Count, Total Yeast and Mold Count, coliform, and heavy metal were conducted and their results were compared to the requirements of the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis. Bacterial identification was conducted microscopically and molecularly using a conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction. The collected data were analyzed with the descriptive method. Results: The results demonstrated that the bacterial count of Baduy palm sugar was less than 30 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g; no yeast and mold were observed; negative results for the coliform test; and detected heavy metals were under the limitation of the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis standards except for copper. The two found bacteria are non-pathogenic, namely Bacillus megaterium and Kocuria koreensis. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that Baduy palm sugar is safe in terms of microbiological and heavy metals. This research is expected to consist of useful information to the public based on the safety and quality of Baduy palm sugar, and consequently it can attract the attention of Indonesian tourists and even foreign tourists to visit Baduy. DOI: 10.18502/jfqhc.10.4.14176 more...
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- 2023
12. Added Sugar, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, and Artificially Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Findings from the Women’s Health Initiative and a Network Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
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Yang, Bo, Glenn, Andrea J, Liu, Qing, Madsen, Tracy, Allison, Matthew A, Shikany, James M, Manson, JoAnn E, Chan, Kei Hang Katie, Wu, Wen-Chih, Li, Jie, Liu, Simin, and Lo, Kenneth
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Cardiovascular ,Heart Disease ,Heart Disease - Coronary Heart Disease ,Nutrition ,Brain Disorders ,Prevention ,Stroke ,Female ,Humans ,Artificially Sweetened Beverages ,Sugar-Sweetened Beverages ,Sweetening Agents ,Sugars ,Prospective Studies ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Network Meta-Analysis ,Women's Health ,Coronary Disease ,Beverages ,added sugar ,sugar-sweetened beverages ,artificially sweetened beverages ,cardiovascular disease ,network meta-analysis ,prospective cohort ,Food Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Nutrition and dietetics ,Public health - Abstract
Much remains unknown about the role of added sugar in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the relative contributions of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) or artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) to CVD risk. Among the 109,034 women who participated in Women's Health Initiative, we assessed average intakes of added sugar, SSB and ASB, and conducted Cox regression to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals for CVD risk. The consistency of findings was compared to a network meta-analysis of all available cohorts. During an average of 17.4 years of follow-up, 11,597 cases of total CVD (nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease (CHD) death, stroke, coronary revascularization, and/or incident heart failure) were confirmed. Added sugar as % energy intake daily (%EAS) at ≥15.0% was positively associated with total CVD (HR = 1.08 [1.01, 1.15]) and CHD (HR = 1.20 [1.09, 1.32]). There was also a higher risk of total CVD associated with ≥1 serving of SSB intake per day (HR = 1.29 [1.17, 1.42]), CHD (1.35 [1.16, 1.57]), and total stroke (1.30 [1.10, 1.53]). Similarly, ASB intake was associated with an increased risk of CVD (1.14 [1.03, 1.26]) and stroke (1.24 [1.04, 1.48]). According to the network meta-analysis, there was a large amount of heterogeneity across studies, showing no consistent pattern implicating added sugar, ASB, or SSB in CVD outcomes. A diet containing %EAS ≥15.0% and consuming ≥1 serving of SSB or ASB may be associated with a higher CVD incidence. The relative contribution of added sugar, SSB, and ASB to CVD risk warrants further investigation. more...
- Published
- 2022
13. Food Safety Aspects of Palm Sugar: The Authentic Local Sweetener from Baduy Tribe, Indonesia.
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Dewi, R. T. K., Elfriede, D. P., Fransisca, and Lai, S.
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FOOD safety ,SUGARS ,SWEETENERS ,SUGAR analysis ,POLYMERASE chain reaction - Abstract
Background: Baduy is an Indonesian native tribe which still holds ancestral heritage, including food processing. Palm sugar is considered as an authentic local sweetener that is produced naturally by the Baduy individually and is frequently used as a souvenir for tourists. However, the data describing the safety of palm sugar in terms of microbial and heavy metal content have not been widely reported. This study aimed to analyze palm sugar's safety on the basis of microbial and heavy metal content. Method: Palm sugars were obtained from 5 of 25 sugar makers in Kanekes village, Baduy using a purposive random sampling in April 2021. The analysis of Total Plate Count, Total Yeast and Mold Count, coliform, and heavy metal were conducted and their results were compared to the requirements of the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis. Bacterial identification was conducted microscopically and molecularly using a conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction. The collected data were analyzed with the descriptive method. Results: The results demonstrated that the bacterial count of Baduy palm sugar was less than 30 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g; no yeast and mold were observed; negative results for the coliform test; and detected heavy metals were under the limitation of the International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis standards except for copper. The two found bacteria are non-pathogenic, namely Bacillus megaterium and Kocuria koreensis. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that Baduy palm sugar is safe in terms of microbiological and heavy metals. This research is expected to consist of useful information to the public based on the safety and quality of Baduy palm sugar, and consequently it can attract the attention of Indonesian tourists and even foreign tourists to visit Baduy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
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14. Examining the Usage Patterns of Non-Nutritive Sweeteners among Non-Diabetic Individuals: Insights from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).
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Moreira, Taiz Karla Brunetti, Santos, Hully Cantão dos, Mendes, Fernanda Duarte, Molina, Maria del Carmen Bisi, Mill, José Geraldo, and Faria, Carolina Perim de
- Abstract
Background: Although non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) were formulated primarily for sugar-restricted diets, nowadays, their consumption has become widespread among the general population. Thus, the purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the regular use of NNSs and their associated factors among non-diabetic individuals from the baseline of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods: In total, 9226 individuals were analysed, and the regular consumption of NNSs was defined as follows: NSSs are used at least once a day. Associations between exposure and outcomes were analysed using chi-square and Student's t-tests. Significant variables were inserted into a binary logistic regression model to determine the adjusted association measures (significance level of 5%). Results: The prevalence of regular NNS consumption was 25.7%. Regular NNS consumption increased with age, categories of BMI, income, and schooling. The odds of regularly consuming NNSs were 1.9-times higher among women, 6.1-times higher among obese individuals, and 1.8-times higher among those with higher schooling and income. Conclusions: Specific groups seem to present a larger association relative to the use of NNS. Based on the significant overall prevalence of the regular use of NNSs, a discussion regarding country-wide policies related to their intake is needed to address recent WHO directions concerning this additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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15. Consuming Sucrose- or HFCS-sweetened Beverages Increases Hepatic Lipid and Decreases Insulin Sensitivity in Adults
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Sigala, Desiree M, Hieronimus, Bettina, Medici, Valentina, Lee, Vivien, Nunez, Marinelle V, Bremer, Andrew A, Cox, Chad L, Price, Candice A, Benyam, Yanet, Chaudhari, Abhijit J, Abdelhafez, Yasser, McGahan, John P, Goran, Michael I, Sirlin, Claude B, Pacini, Giovanni, Tura, Andrea, Keim, Nancy L, Havel, Peter J, and Stanhope, Kimber L more...
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Nutrition ,Obesity ,Clinical Research ,Cardiovascular ,Adult ,Biomarkers ,Body Mass Index ,Double-Blind Method ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,High Fructose Corn Syrup ,Humans ,Insulin Resistance ,Liver ,Male ,Prognosis ,Sucrose ,Sugar-Sweetened Beverages ,Sweetening Agents ,Sugar-sweetened beverages ,high-fructose corn syrup ,sucrose ,liver fat ,insulin sensitivity ,lipids ,Clinical Sciences ,Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine ,Endocrinology & Metabolism ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
ContextStudies in rodents and humans suggest that high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened diets promote greater metabolic dysfunction than sucrose-sweetened diets.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of consuming sucrose-sweetened beverage (SB), HFCS-SB, or a control beverage sweetened with aspartame on metabolic outcomes in humans.MethodsA parallel, double-blinded, NIH-funded study. Experimental procedures were conducted during 3.5 days of inpatient residence with controlled feeding at a research clinic before (baseline) and after a 12-day outpatient intervention period. Seventy-five adults (18-40 years) were assigned to beverage groups matched for sex, body mass index (18-35 kg/m2), and fasting triglyceride, lipoprotein and insulin concentrations. The intervention was 3 servings/day of sucrose- or HFCS-SB providing 25% of energy requirement or aspartame-SB, consumed for 16 days. Main outcome measures were %hepatic lipid, Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and Predicted M ISI.ResultsSucrose-SB increased %hepatic lipid (absolute change: 0.6 ± 0.2%) compared with aspartame-SB (-0.2 ± 0.2%, P more...
- Published
- 2021
16. Beverage Advertisement Receptivity Associated With Sugary Drink Intake and Harm Perceptions Among California Adolescents
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Chaffee, Benjamin W, Werts, Miranda, White, Justin S, Couch, Elizabeth T, Urata, Janelle, Cheng, Jing, and Kearns, Cristin
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Obesity ,Clinical Research ,Pediatric ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Nutrition ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Adolescent ,Advertising ,Beverages ,California ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Humans ,Perception ,Sugars ,Sweetening Agents ,adolescent health ,sugar-sweetened beverages ,marketing ,risk perceptions ,nutrition ,health behaviors ,Human Movement and Sports Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Curriculum and Pedagogy ,Public health - Abstract
PurposeEvaluate associations of adolescents' beverage marketing receptivity with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) perceived harm and intake.DesignSchool-based cross-sectional health behavior survey.SettingSeven rural schools in California, 2019-2020.Subjects815 student participants in grades 9 or 10.MeasuresParticipants viewed 6 beverage advertisement images with brand obscured, randomly selected from a larger pool. Ads for telecommunications products were an internal control. Receptivity was a composite of recognizing, liking, and identifying the displayed brand (later categorized: low, moderate, high). Weekly SSB servings were measured with a quantitative food frequency questionnaire and perceived SSB harm as 4 levels ("no harm" to "a lot").AnalysisOutcomes SSB intake (binomial regression) and perceived harm (ordered logistic regression) were modeled according to advertisement receptivity (independent variable), with multiple imputation, school-level clustering, and adjustment for presumed confounders (gender, age, screen time, etc.).ResultsIn covariable-adjusted models, greater beverage advertisement receptivity independently predicted higher SSB intake (ratio of SSB servings, high vs. low receptivity: 1.48 [95% CI: 1.15, 1.89]) and lower perceived SSB harm (odds ratio, high vs. low receptivity: 0.59 [0.40, 0.88]). Perceived SSB harm was inversely associated with SSB intake.ConclusionBeverage advertisement receptivity was associated with less perceived SSB harm and greater SSB consumption in this population. Policy strategies, including marketing restrictions or counter-marketing campaigns could potentially reduce SSB consumption and improve health. more...
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- 2021
17. Dietary fructose as a model to explore the influence of peripheral metabolism on brain function and plasticity
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Gomez-Pinilla, Fernando, Cipolat, Rafael Parcianello, and Royes, Luiz Fernando Freire
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Neurosciences ,Nutrition ,Liver Disease ,Digestive Diseases ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Neurological ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Brain Diseases ,Dietary Sucrose ,Fructose ,Humans ,Metabolic Diseases ,Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ,Neuronal Plasticity ,Sweetening Agents ,Cognition ,Brain ,Body metabolism ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics ,Clinical Sciences ,Biochemistry & Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry and cell biology ,Medical biochemistry and metabolomics - Abstract
High consumption of fructose has paralleled an explosion in metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Even more problematic, sustained consumption of fructose is perceived as a threat for brain function and development of neurological disorders. The action of fructose on peripheral organs is an excellent model to understand how systemic physiology impacts the brain. Given the recognized action of fructose on liver metabolism, here we discuss mechanisms by which fructose can impact the brain by interacting with liver and other organs. The interaction between peripheral and central mechanisms is a suitable target to reduce the pathophysiological consequences of neurological disorders. more...
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- 2021
18. Obesogens: How They Are Identified and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Their Action
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Mohajer, Nicole, Du, Chrislyn Y, Checkcinco, Christian, and Blumberg, Bruce
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Obesity ,Estrogen ,Genetics ,Nutrition ,Prevention ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Cancer ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Affordable and Clean Energy ,Adipogenesis ,Adipose Tissue ,Animals ,Endocrine Disruptors ,Environmental Exposure ,Environmental Pollutants ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Humans ,Sweetening Agents ,EDC ,MDC ,obesity ,endocrine disrupting chemical ,obesogens ,adipogenesis ,metabolism disrupting chemicals ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
Adult and childhood obesity have reached pandemic level proportions. The idea that caloric excess and insufficient levels of physical activity leads to obesity is a commonly accepted answer for unwanted weight gain. This paradigm offers an inconclusive explanation as the world continually moves towards an unhealthier and heavier existence irrespective of energy balance. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that resemble natural hormones and disrupt endocrine function by interfering with the body's endogenous hormones. A subset of EDCs called obesogens have been found to cause metabolic disruptions such as increased fat storage, in vivo. Obesogens act on the metabolic system through multiple avenues and have been found to affect the homeostasis of a variety of systems such as the gut microbiome and adipose tissue functioning. Obesogenic compounds have been shown to cause metabolic disturbances later in life that can even pass into multiple future generations, post exposure. The rising rates of obesity and related metabolic disease are demanding increasing attention on chemical screening efforts and worldwide preventative strategies to keep the public and future generations safe. This review addresses the most current findings on known obesogens and their effects on the metabolic system, the mechanisms of action through which they act upon, and the screening efforts through which they were identified with. The interplay between obesogens, brown adipose tissue, and the gut microbiome are major topics that will be covered. more...
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- 2021
19. Adipose Tissue Macrophages Modulate Obesity-Associated β Cell Adaptations through Secreted miRNA-Containing Extracellular Vesicles
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Gao, Hong, Luo, Zhenlong, Jin, Zhongmou, Ji, Yudong, and Ying, Wei
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Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,Obesity ,Biotechnology ,Nutrition ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Cardiovascular ,Affordable and Clean Energy ,Adaptation ,Physiological ,Adipose Tissue ,Animals ,Cell Proliferation ,Extracellular Vesicles ,Glucose ,Insulin Secretion ,Insulin-Secreting Cells ,Macrophages ,Male ,Mice ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,Mice ,Obese ,MicroRNAs ,Sweetening Agents ,adipose tissue macrophage ,extracellular vesicle ,miRNA ,beta Cell replication ,insulin secretion ,obesity ,β cell replication ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences - Abstract
Obesity induces an adaptive expansion of β cell mass and insulin secretion abnormality. Expansion of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) is a hallmark of obesity. Here, we assessed a novel role of ATMs in mediating obesity-induced β cell adaptation through the release of miRNA-containing extracellular vesicles (EVs). In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, we show that ATM EVs derived from obese mice notably suppress insulin secretion and enhance β cell proliferation. We also observed similar phenotypes from human islets after obese ATM EV treatment. Importantly, depletion of miRNAs blunts the effects of obese ATM EVs, as evidenced by minimal effects of obese DicerKO ATM EVs on β cell responses. miR-155 is a highly enriched miRNA within obese ATM EVs and miR-155 overexpressed in β cells impairs insulin secretion and enhances β cell proliferation. In contrast, knockout of miR-155 attenuates the regulation of obese ATM EVs on β cell responses. We further demonstrate that the miR-155-Mafb axis plays a critical role in controlling β cell responses. These studies show a novel mechanism by which ATM-derived EVs act as endocrine vehicles delivering miRNAs and subsequently mediating obesity-associated β cell adaptation and dysfunction. more...
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- 2021
20. Is the increment of diabetes mellitus in Brazil associated with the consumption of artificially sweetened beverages? A time trend analysis with 757,386 adults from 2006 to 2020.
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Dumith, S.C., Martins, O.P.L., Moreira, M.K.V., Paulitsch, R.G., Simões, M.O., Marmitt, L.P., Silva, P.E.A., and Silva, M.P.
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BEVERAGES , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *CROSS-sectional method , *DIABETES , *REGRESSION analysis , *SURVEYS , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *DISEASE prevalence , *TREND analysis , *POISSON distribution , *ADULTS - Abstract
To describe trends in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Brazil and to analyze its association with the consumption of artificially sweetened beverages among individuals aged 18 years or older. This was a repeated cross-sectional study. Annual data from VIGITEL surveys (2006–2020) were used, which included adults from all Brazilian state capitals. The outcome was the prevalence of DM (type 1 and type 2). The main exposure variable was consuming beverages like soft drinks and artificial juices, either in its 'diet, light, or zero' form. Covariates included sex, age, sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, fruit consumption, and obesity. The temporal trend in the indicators and the etiological fraction (population attributable risk [PAR]) were calculated. Analyses were performed using Poisson regression. The association between DM and consumption of beverages was tested, excluding the year 2020 due to the pandemic; restricting the analysis to the final three years (2018–2020). Overall, 757,386 subjects were included. The prevalence of DM increased from 5.5% to 8.2%, with an annual growth of 0.17 percentage points (95% CI 0.11–0.24). Among those who consumed diet/light/zero beverages, the annual percentage change of DM was four times greater. The PAR corresponding to the consumption of diet/light/zero beverages on the occurrence of DM was 17%. An increasing prevalence of DM was observed, while diet/light/zero beverages consumption remains stable. A substantial reduction in the annual percentage change of DM could be observed if people stopped consuming diet/light soda/juice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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21. The ethics of excise taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages
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Falbe, Jennifer
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Obesity ,Nutrition ,Quality Education ,Beverages ,Consumer Behavior ,Humans ,Sugar-Sweetened Beverages ,Sweetening Agents ,Taxes ,Sugar sweetened beverages ,Taxation ,Excise taxes ,Policy ,Ethics ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Behavioral Science & Comparative Psychology ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Psychology - Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxation has emerged as a priority policy for promoting health and funding investments in communities most affected by diet-related disease. There are now 8 U.S. jurisdictions and over 40 countries that have implemented SSB taxes. Evaluations show that these policies reduce SSB consumption and purchasing while raising revenues to fund public health, education, and equity. However, there have been few analyses of the ethical considerations of SSB taxation. Using a framework for evaluating the ethics of public health interventions, this paper considers the ethical aspects of SSB excise taxes with respect to: physical health, psychosocial well-being, equality, informed choice, liberty, social and cultural values, and responsibility. Available evidence suggests there is a strong ethical case for levying SSB excise taxes on manufacturers and distributors. SSB excise taxes reduce consumption and purchasing of SSBs and are expected to meaningfully reduce obesity and diet-related morbidity and mortality. Because SSB taxes are specific to a product and its manufacturers, they are unlikely to harm psychosocial health by stigmatizing people who are overweight. SSB excise taxes should lead to greater equality because the health and social benefits are progressive (i.e., low-income individuals are likely to accrue the largest benefits from the tax, even more so when revenues are spent on health and social equity). Meanwhile, the average consumer cost burden that would result if distributors raise SSB prices in reponse to the tax is minimally regressive. Regarding liberty, SSB taxes do not eliminate the option of buying SSBs, but if SSB distributors raise SSB prices, it becomes somewhat more expensive to continue purchasing the same amount of SSBs. Meanwhile, the taxes expand beverage options by funding drinking water availability and prompting industry to expand offerings of unsweetened drinks and SSBs containing less sugar. Furthermore, by averting poor health, SSB taxes should expand overall freedom to pursue one's goals. Informed choice could be facilitated by seeing a higher SSB shelf price (which indicates a drink contains added sugar) and exposure to nutrition education funded with tax revenues. SSB taxation is unlikely to negatively interfere with social or cultural values because taxation would not eliminate having SSBs for special occasions, and SSBs are not a staple of traditional diets. Lastly, SSB taxation attributes responsibility for health in a manner that reflects industry's contribution to obesity and the multisectoral solutions that are needed to prevent diet-related disease. more...
- Published
- 2020
22. Cost-Effectiveness Of A Workplace Ban On Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Sales: A Microsimulation Model
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Basu, Sanjay, Jacobs, Laurie M, Epel, Elissa, Schillinger, Dean, and Schmidt, Laura
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Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Prevention ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Cardiovascular ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Good Health and Well Being ,Beverages ,Commerce ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Humans ,Sugar-Sweetened Beverages ,Sweetening Agents ,Workplace ,Coronary heart disease ,Costg-effectiveness ,Dental disease ,Diabetes ,Diseases ,Health policy ,Kidney disease ,National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ,Obesity ,Occupational health ,Sugar sweetened beverages ,Workplace wellness ,Public Health and Health Services ,Applied Economics ,Health Policy & Services ,Health services and systems ,Policy and administration - Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) increase chronic disease risk. We estimated the impact on employee health and health care spending of banning SSB sales in California-based health care organizations. We used survey data from a large, multisite health care organization in California, sampling 2,276 employees three months before and twelve months after a workplace SSB sales ban was imposed. We incorporated the survey data into a simulation model to estimate chronic disease incidence and costs. We estimated that an SSB ban as effective as the one observed would save about $300,000 per 10,000 people over ten years among similar employers, as a result of averted health care and productivity spending-after both SSB sales losses and non-SSB beverage sales gains were accounted for. Sales bans would typically need to reduce SSB consumption by 2.2 ounces per person per day for lost revenue to be fully offset if there were no increase in non-SSB beverage sales. more...
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- 2020
23. Estimation of shelf-life of Balachaturbhadrika syrup containing different sweetening agents
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Goyal, Chinky, Bhatt, Pankaj, Rawat, Shivani, Sharma, Vipin Kumar, and Ahuja, Meena Rani
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- 2022
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24. Associated factors to the consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners in the Mexican adult population.
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Romo-Romo, Alonso, Castillo-Martínez, Lilia, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Brito-Córdova, Griselda X., Martagón, Alexandro J., Gómez-Pérez, Francisco J., and Almeda-Valdes, Paloma
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NONNUTRITIVE sweeteners , *MEXICANS , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *SWEETNESS (Taste) , *PHYSICAL activity - Abstract
Objective. To identify the associated factors to the consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) in the Mexican adult population since its consumption has increased exponentially worldwide. Materials and methods. An online survey was applied to 5 038 Mexican adults to evaluate the frequency of NNS consumption and classify the population in tertiles. The sociodemographic, lifestyle and health status characteristics of the participants were compared by gradient of NNS consumption, and a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the associated factors to the NNS consumption. Results. The variables that showed a positive association (p=0.01) with the consumption of NNS were economic income, BMI, smoking, physical activity, diet quality, the presence of chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemias), and the consumption of fruit. The age and the consumption of confectionery and sugar-sweetened beverages were negatively associated (p<0.01) with the consumption of NNS. Conclusion. The results of this study help to characterize the target population that is a consumer of NNS since it is recommended not encourage the preference for sweet taste and to promote a decrease in the consumption of both caloric and NNS, preferring the natural flavor of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
- Full Text
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25. Association of a Workplace Sales Ban on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages With Employee Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Health
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Epel, Elissa S, Hartman, Alison, Jacobs, Laurie M, Leung, Cindy, Cohn, Michael A, Jensen, Leeane, Ishkanian, Laura, Wojcicki, Janet, Mason, Ashley E, Lustig, Robert H, Stanhope, Kimber L, and Schmidt, Laura A more...
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Nutrition ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Obesity ,3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Cancer ,Cardiovascular ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Aged ,Beverages ,Commerce ,Dietary Sucrose ,Energy Intake ,Female ,Health Promotion ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Motivation ,Retrospective Studies ,Sugar-Sweetened Beverages ,Sweetening Agents ,United States ,Workplace ,Young Adult ,Clinical Sciences ,Opthalmology and Optometry ,Public Health and Health Services ,Clinical sciences ,Health services and systems - Abstract
ImportanceReductions in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake can improve health, but are difficult for individuals to achieve on their own.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether a workplace SSB sales ban was associated with SSB intake and cardiometabolic health among employees and whether a brief motivational intervention provides added benefits to the sales ban.Design, setting, and participantsThis before-after study and additional randomized trial conducted from July 28, 2015, to October 16, 2016, at a Northern California university and hospital assessed SSB intake, anthropometrics, and cardiometabolic biomarkers among 214 full-time English-speaking employees who were frequent SSB consumers (≥360 mL [≥12 fl oz] per day) before and 10 months after implementation of an SSB sales ban in a large workplace, with half the employees randomized to receive a brief motivational intervention targeting SSB reduction.InterventionsThe employer stopped selling SSBs in all workplace venues, and half the sample was randomized to receive a brief motivational intervention and the other half was a control group that did not receive the intervention. This intervention was modeled on standard brief motivational interventions for alcohol used in the workplace that promote health knowledge and goal setting.Main outcomes and measuresOutcomes included changes in SSB intake, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and measures of abdominal adiposity. The primary associations tested were the correlation between changes in SSB intake and changes in HOMA-IR.ResultsAmong the 214 study participants, 124 (57.9%) were women, with a mean (SD) age of 41.2 (11.0) years and a baseline mean (SD) body mass index of 29.4 (6.5). They reported a mean daily intake of 1050 mL (35 fl oz) of SSBs at baseline and 540 mL (18 fl oz) at follow-up-a 510-mL (17-fl oz) (48.6%) decrease (P more...
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- 2020
26. Effects of Dietary Glucose and Fructose on Copper, Iron, and Zinc Metabolism Parameters in Humans
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Harder, Nathaniel HO, Hieronimus, Bettina, Stanhope, Kimber L, Shibata, Noreene M, Lee, Vivien, Nunez, Marinelle V, Keim, Nancy L, Bremer, Andrew, Havel, Peter J, Heffern, Marie C, and Medici, Valentina more...
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Prevention ,Nutrition ,Obesity ,Clinical Research ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Stroke ,Cardiovascular ,Adult ,Aspartame ,Blood Proteins ,Ceruloplasmin ,Copper ,Dietary Sugars ,Female ,Ferritins ,Fructose ,Glucose ,High Fructose Corn Syrup ,Humans ,Iron ,Lipids ,Male ,Sweetening Agents ,Transferrin ,Zinc ,copper ,ceruloplasmin ,ferroxidase ,sugar beverages ,metabolism ,lipid ,Food Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Nutrition and dietetics ,Public health - Abstract
Alterations of transition metal levels have been associated with obesity, hepatic steatosis, and metabolic syndrome in humans. Studies in animals indicate an association between dietary sugars and copper metabolism. Our group has conducted a study in which young adults consumed beverages sweetened with glucose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), or aspartame for two weeks and has reported that consumption of both fructose- and HFCS-sweetened beverages increased cardiovascular disease risk factors. Baseline and intervention serum samples from 107 participants of this study were measured for copper metabolism (copper, ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity, ceruloplasmin protein), zinc levels, and iron metabolism (iron, ferritin, and transferrin) parameters. Fructose and/or glucose consumption were associated with decreased ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity and serum copper and zinc concentrations. Ceruloplasmin protein levels did not change in response to intervention. The changes in copper concentrations were correlated with zinc, but not with iron. The decreases in copper, ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity, ferritin, and transferrin were inversely associated with the increases in metabolic risk factors associated with sugar consumption, specifically, apolipoprotein CIII, triglycerides, or post-meal glucose, insulin, and lactate responses. These findings are the first evidence that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages can alter clinical parameters of transition metal metabolism in healthy subjects. more...
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- 2020
27. Effects of Consuming Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for 2 Weeks on 24-h Circulating Leptin Profiles, Ad Libitum Food Intake and Body Weight in Young Adults
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Sigala, Desiree M, Widaman, Adrianne M, Hieronimus, Bettina, Nunez, Marinelle V, Lee, Vivien, Benyam, Yanet, Bremer, Andrew A, Medici, Valentina, Havel, Peter J, Stanhope, Kimber L, and Keim, Nancy L
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Nutrition ,Obesity ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Cancer ,Stroke ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Area Under Curve ,Aspartame ,Body Weight ,Dietary Sugars ,Double-Blind Method ,Eating ,Energy Intake ,Female ,Humans ,Leptin ,Male ,Postprandial Period ,Sugar-Sweetened Beverages ,Sweetening Agents ,Weight Gain ,Young Adult ,leptin ,satiety ,energy intake ,energy compensation ,obesity ,aspartame ,fructose ,glucose ,sucrose ,high fructose corn syrup ,Food Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Nutrition and dietetics ,Public health - Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverage (sugar-SB) consumption is associated with body weight gain. We investigated whether the changes of (Δ) circulating leptin contribute to weight gain and ad libitum food intake in young adults consuming sugar-SB for two weeks. In a parallel, double-blinded, intervention study, participants (n = 131; BMI 18-35 kg/m2; 18-40 years) consumed three beverages/day containing aspartame or 25% energy requirement as glucose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or sucrose (n = 23-28/group). Body weight, ad libitum food intake and 24-h leptin area under the curve (AUC) were assessed at Week 0 and at the end of Week 2. The Δbody weight was not different among groups (p = 0.092), but the increases in subjects consuming HFCS- (p = 0.0008) and glucose-SB (p = 0.018) were significant compared with Week 0. Subjects consuming sucrose- (+14%, p < 0.0015), fructose- (+9%, p = 0.015) and HFCS-SB (+8%, p = 0.017) increased energy intake during the ad libitum food intake trial compared with subjects consuming aspartame-SB (-4%, p = 0.0037, effect of SB). Fructose-SB decreased (-14 ng/mL × 24 h, p = 0.0006) and sucrose-SB increased (+25 ng/mL × 24 h, p = 0.025 vs. Week 0; p = 0.0008 vs. fructose-SB) 24-h leptin AUC. The Δad libitum food intake and Δbody weight were not influenced by circulating leptin in young adults consuming sugar-SB for 2 weeks. Studies are needed to determine the mechanisms mediating increased energy intake in subjects consuming sugar-SB. more...
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- 2020
28. Cumulative intake of artificially sweetened and sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in young adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
- Author
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Hirahatake, Kristin M, Jacobs, David R, Shikany, James M, Jiang, Luohua, Wong, Nathan D, Steffen, Lyn M, and Odegaard, Andrew O
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Heart Disease ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Diabetes ,Nutrition ,Cardiovascular ,Obesity ,Cancer ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Adult ,Artificially Sweetened Beverages ,Coronary Disease ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Type 2 ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Prospective Studies ,Risk Factors ,Sugar-Sweetened Beverages ,Sweetening Agents ,Young Adult ,sugar-sweetened beverage ,artificially sweetened beverage ,diabetes ,diet ,Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults ,CARDIA ,Engineering ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Nutrition & Dietetics ,Clinical sciences ,Nutrition and dietetics - Abstract
BackgroundEpidemiological evidence has demonstrated a positive association between artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. However, research informing this topic in young adults is limited.ObjectiveThis study examined the association between ASB, SSB, and total sweetened beverage (TSB; combined ASB and SSB) consumption and T2D risk in young adults.MethodsA prospective analysis of 4719 Black and White men and women aged 18-30 y at baseline was conducted from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Each participant's beverage intake was assessed using the CARDIA Diet History at baseline and at study Years 7 and 20. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine cumulative average ASB, SSB, and TSB intakes and risk of T2D.ResultsDuring the 30-y follow-up period, 680 participants developed T2D. ASB consumption was associated with a 12% greater risk of T2D per serving/day (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.20) in a model adjusted for lifestyle factors, diet quality, and dieting behavior. Further adjustments for baseline BMI (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.99-1.14) and weight change during follow-up (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.97-1.12) attenuated the association. SSB and TSB consumption as continuous variables per 1 serving/day of intake were associated with 6% and 5% increased risks of T2D, respectively (HRSSB 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.10; HRTSB 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09), in the model accounting for lifestyle factors, dieting behavior, baseline BMI, and weight change. Results were consistent when the exposures were modeled in categories of consumption and quintiles.ConclusionsIn young adults, long-term ASB, SSB, and TSB consumption were associated with increased risks of T2D. However, the estimates for ASB were attenuated when accounting for weight changes. more...
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- 2019
29. A prospective study of artificially sweetened beverage intake and cardiometabolic health among women at high risk
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Hinkle, Stefanie N, Rawal, Shristi, Bjerregaard, Anne Ahrendt, Halldorsson, Thor I, Li, Mengying, Ley, Sylvia H, Wu, Jing, Zhu, Yeyi, Chen, Liwei, Liu, Aiyi, Grunnet, Louise Groth, Rahman, Mohammad L, Kampmann, Freja Bach, Mills, James L, Olsen, Sjurdur F, and Zhang, Cuilin more...
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Reproductive Medicine ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Diabetes ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Obesity ,Nutrition ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Beverages ,Body Mass Index ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Cohort Studies ,Denmark ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Type 2 ,Diabetes ,Gestational ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Humans ,Metabolic Diseases ,Pregnancy ,Prospective Studies ,Risk Factors ,Sweetening Agents ,Women's Health ,artificially sweetened beverages ,nonnutritive sweeteners ,soda ,diet ,obesity ,diabetes ,cardiometabolic health ,gestational diabetes ,Engineering ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Nutrition & Dietetics ,Clinical sciences ,Nutrition and dietetics - Abstract
BackgroundArtificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) are commonly consumed and recommended for individuals at high risk for cardiometabolic diseases; however, the health effects of ASBs remain contradictory. Given that cross-sectional analyses are subject to reverse causation, prospective studies with long-term follow-up are needed to evaluate associations between ASBs and cardiometabolic health, especially among high-risk individuals.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine associations of ASB intake and cardiometabolic health among high-risk women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsWe included 607 women with GDM from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC; 1996-2002) who completed a clinical exam 9-16 y after the DNBC pregnancy for the Diabetes & Women's Health (DWH) Study (2012-2014). We assessed ASB intake using FFQs completed during the DNBC pregnancy and at the DWH Study clinical exam. We examined cardiometabolic outcomes at the DWH clinical exam. We estimated percentage differences in continuous cardiometabolic markers and RRs for clinical endpoints in association with ASB intake both during pregnancy and at follow-up adjusted for prepregnancy BMI, diet, and lifestyle factors. Sensitivity analyses to account for reverse causation were performed.ResultsIn pregnancy and at follow-up, 30.4% and 36.4% of women regularly (≥2 servings/wk) consumed ASB, respectively. Consumption of ASBs, both during pregnancy and at follow-up, was associated with higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, liver fat, and adiposity and with lower HDL at follow-up. After adjustment for covariates, particularly prepregnancy BMI, the majority of associations between ASB intake in pregnancy and outcomes at follow-up became null with the exception of HbA1c. ASB intake at follow-up (≥1 serving/d compared with more...
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- 2019
30. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption 3 Years After the Berkeley, California, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax.
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Lee, Matthew M, Falbe, Jennifer, Schillinger, Dean, Basu, Sanjay, McCulloch, Charles E, and Madsen, Kristine A
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Cancer ,Clinical Research ,Beverages ,California ,Commerce ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Drinking Water ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Sweetening Agents ,Taxes ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
ObjectivesTo estimate changes in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and water consumption 3 years after an SSB tax in Berkeley, California, relative to unexposed comparison neighborhoods.MethodsData came from repeated annual cross-sectional beverage frequency questionnaires from 2014 to 2017 in demographically diverse Berkeley (n = 1513) and comparison (San Francisco and Oakland; n = 3712) neighborhoods. Pretax consumption (2014) was compared with a weighted average of 3 years of posttax consumption.ResultsAt baseline, SSBs were consumed 1.25 times per day (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 1.50) in Berkeley and 1.27 times per day (95% CI = 1.13, 1.42) in comparison city neighborhoods. When we adjusted for covariates, consumption in Berkeley declined by 0.55 times per day (95% CI = -0.75, -0.35) for SSBs and increased by 1.02 times per day (95% CI = 0.54, 1.50) for water. Changes in consumption in Berkeley were significantly different from those in the comparison group, which saw no significant changes.ConclusionsReductions in SSB consumption were sustained in demographically diverse Berkeley neighborhoods over the first 3 years of an SSB tax, relative to comparison cities. These persistent, longer-term reductions in SSB consumption suggest that SSB taxes are an effective policy option for jurisdictions focused on improving public health. more...
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- 2019
31. Exposure to a Slightly Sweet Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement During Early Life Does Not Increase the Preference for or Consumption of Sweet Foods and Beverages by 4–6-y-Old Ghanaian Preschool Children: Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
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Okronipa, Harriet, Arimond, Mary, Young, Rebecca R, Arnold, Charles D, Adu-Afarwuah, Seth, Tamakloe, Solace M, Bentil, Helena J, Ocansey, Maku E, Kumordzie, Sika M, Oaks, Brietta M, and Dewey, Kathryn G more...
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Nutrition ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Pediatric ,Clinical Research ,Pediatric Research Initiative ,Beverages ,Child ,Child ,Preschool ,Dietary Supplements ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Food Preferences ,Ghana ,Humans ,Infant ,Male ,Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Sweetening Agents ,sweet food ,sugar-sweetened beverage ,preference ,consumption ,lipid-based nutrient supplements ,children ,Animal Production ,Food Sciences ,Nutrition & Dietetics ,Animal production ,Food sciences ,Nutrition and dietetics - Abstract
BackgroundWhether consuming sweet foods early in life affects sweet food preferences and consumption later in childhood is unknown.ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that exposure to a slightly sweet lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) early in life would not increase preference for or consumption of sweet items at preschool age.MethodsWe followed up children who had participated in a randomized trial in Ghana in which LNS was provided to 1 group of women during pregnancy and 6 mo postpartum and to their infants from ages 6-18 mo (LNS group). The control group (non-LNS group) received iron and folic acid during pregnancy or multiple micronutrients during pregnancy and 6 mo postpartum, with no infant supplementation. At 4-6 y, we obtained data from caregivers on children's food and beverage preferences and consumption (n = 985). For a randomly selected subsample (n = 624), we assessed preference for sweet items using a photo game (range in potential scores, 0-15). For the photo game and reported consumption of sweet items, we examined group differences using predetermined noninferiority margins equivalent to an effect size of 0.2.ResultsMedian (quartile 1, quartile 3) reported consumption of sweet items (times in previous week) was 14 (8, 23) in the LNS group and 16 (9, 22) in the non-LNS group; in the photo game, the number of sweet items selected was 15 (11, 15) and 15 (11, 15), respectively. The upper level of the 95% CI of the mean difference between LNS and non-LNS groups did not exceed the noninferiority margins for these outcomes. Caregiver-reported preferences for sweet items also did not differ between groups (P = 0.9).ConclusionIn this setting, where child consumption of sweet foods was common, exposure to a slightly sweet LNS early in life did not increase preference for or consumption of sweet foods and beverages at preschool age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00970866. more...
- Published
- 2019
32. USE OF LOW-CALORIE SWEETENERS IN TREATING OBESITY.
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Reimisz, Patryk
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LOW-calorie diet , *SWEETENERS , *OBESITY , *DATA analysis , *FOOD consumption - Abstract
Reducing body fat through conservative interventions is a frustrating process for obese people, hence the search for additional ways that can help patients persevere with longterm treatment procedures. Although data obtained from scientific studies do not allow for drawing clear conclusions about the use of sweeteners in the treatment of obesity, their appropriate use may prove beneficial. A review of the current literature was conducted to find the answers to the question of where such large discrepancies come from. It allowed for drawing the following conclusions: 1) Obese individuals may differ significantly in their sensitivity to sweet taste and even the sweeteners themselves; 2) The long-term effects of some sweeteners may neutralize the effect associated with short-term sweet appetite relief and even lead to the greater energy intake and/or utilization; 3) Natural sweeteners differ significantly from artificial sweeteners in terms of long-term effects; 4) The psychological effects of the sweeteners use (e.g., the acquiescence effect) may at least partially attenuate their inhibitory effects on food intake. Based on the review, guidance was developed for obesity practitioners and their patients regarding the use of sugar substitutes in fat reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
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33. Rationale, Design and Participants Baseline Characteristics of a Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Replacing SSBs with NSBs versus Water on Glucose Tolerance, Gut Microbiome and Cardiometabolic Risk in Overweight or Obese Adult SSB Consumer: Strategies to Oppose SUGARS with Non-Nutritive Sweeteners or Water (STOP Sugars NOW) Trial and Ectopic Fat Sub-Study
- Author
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Ayoub-Charette, Sabrina, McGlynn, Néma D., Lee, Danielle, Khan, Tauseef Ahmad, Blanco Mejia, Sonia, Chiavaroli, Laura, Kavanagh, Meaghan E., Seider, Maxine, Taibi, Amel, Chen, Chuck T., Ahmed, Amna, Asbury, Rachel, Erlich, Madeline, Chen, Yue-Tong, Malik, Vasanti S., Bazinet, Richard P., Ramdath, D. Dan, Logue, Caomhan, Hanley, Anthony J., and Kendall, Cyril W. C. more...
- Abstract
Background: Health authorities are near universal in their recommendation to replace sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with water. Non-nutritive sweetened beverages (NSBs) are not as widely recommended as a replacement strategy due to a lack of established benefits and concerns they may induce glucose intolerance through changes in the gut microbiome. The STOP Sugars NOW trial aims to assess the effect of the substitution of NSBs (the "intended substitution") versus water (the "standard of care substitution") for SSBs on glucose tolerance and microbiota diversity. Design and Methods: The STOP Sugars NOW trial (NCT03543644) is a pragmatic, "head-to-head", open-label, crossover, randomized controlled trial conducted in an outpatient setting. Participants were overweight or obese adults with a high waist circumference who regularly consumed ≥1 SSBs daily. Each participant completed three 4-week treatment phases (usual SSBs, matched NSBs, or water) in random order, which were separated by ≥4-week washout. Blocked randomization was performed centrally by computer with allocation concealment. Outcome assessment was blinded; however, blinding of participants and trial personnel was not possible. The two primary outcomes are oral glucose tolerance (incremental area under the curve) and gut microbiota beta-diversity (weighted UniFrac distance). Secondary outcomes include related markers of adiposity and glucose and insulin regulation. Adherence was assessed by objective biomarkers of added sugars and non-nutritive sweeteners and self-report intake. A subset of participants was included in an Ectopic Fat sub-study in which the primary outcome is intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) by 1H-MRS. Analyses will be according to the intention to treat principle. Baseline results: Recruitment began on 1 June 2018, and the last participant completed the trial on 15 October 2020. We screened 1086 participants, of whom 80 were enrolled and randomized in the main trial and 32 of these were enrolled and randomized in the Ectopic Fat sub-study. The participants were predominantly middle-aged (mean age 41.8 ± SD 13.0 y) and had obesity (BMI of 33.7 ± 6.8 kg/m
2 ) with a near equal ratio of female: male (51%:49%). The average baseline SSB intake was 1.9 servings/day. SSBs were replaced with matched NSB brands, sweetened with either a blend of aspartame and acesulfame-potassium (95%) or sucralose (5%). Conclusions: Baseline characteristics for both the main and Ectopic Fat sub-study meet our inclusion criteria and represent a group with overweight or obesity, with characteristics putting them at risk for type 2 diabetes. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed open-access medical journals and provide high-level evidence to inform clinical practice guidelines and public health policy for the use NSBs in sugars reduction strategies. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT03543644. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2023
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34. Sweetener Purchases in Chile before and after Implementing a Policy for Food Labeling, Marketing, and Sales in Schools.
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Rebolledo, Natalia, Bercholz, Maxime, Adair, Linda, Corvalán, Camila, Ng, Shu Wen, and Taillie, Lindsey Smith
- Abstract
Background: Chile's landmark food labeling and advertising policy led to major reductions in sugar purchases. However, it is unclear whether this led to increases in the purchases of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS). Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the changes in NNS and caloric-sweetened (CS) products purchased after the law's first phase. Methods: Longitudinal data on food and beverage purchases from 2,381 households collected from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017, were linked to nutritional information and categorized into added sweetener groups (unsweetened, NNS-only, CS-only, or NNS with CS). Logistic random-effects models and fixed-effects models were used to compare the percentage of households purchasing products and the mean volume purchased by sweetener category to a counterfactual based on pre-regulation trends. Results: Compared with the counterfactual, the percentage of households purchasing any NNS beverages (NNS-only or NNS with CS) increased by 4.2 percentage points (pp) (95% CI: 2.8, 5.7; P < 0.01). This increase was driven by households purchasing NNS-only beverages (12.1 pp, 95% CI: 10.0, 14.2; P < 0.01). The purchased volume of beverages with any NNS increased by 25.4 mL/person/d (95% CI: 20.1, 30.7; P < 0.01) or 26.5%. Relative to the counterfactual, there were declines of -5.9 pp in households purchasing CS-only beverages (95% CI: -7.0, -4.7; P < 0.01). Regarding the types of sweeteners purchased, we found significant increases in the amounts of sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame K, and steviol glycosides purchased from beverages. Among foods, differences were minimal. Conclusions: The first phase of Chile's law was associated with an increase in the purchases of beverages containing NNS and decreases in beverages containing CS, but virtually no changes in foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
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35. Are Fruit Juices Healthier Than Sugar-Sweetened Beverages? A Review
- Author
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Pepin, Alexandra, Stanhope, Kimber L, and Imbeault, Pascal
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Prevention ,Nutrition ,Obesity ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Cancer ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Stroke ,Cardiovascular ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Aged ,Beverages ,Dietary Sucrose ,Female ,Fructose ,Fruit and Vegetable Juices ,Glucose ,Glucose Metabolism Disorders ,High Fructose Corn Syrup ,Humans ,Lipid Metabolism Disorders ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Nutrients ,Risk Factors ,Sweetening Agents ,Young Adult ,free sugars ,fruit juices ,fructose ,high-fructose corn syrup ,sugar-sweetened beverages ,dyslipidemia ,Food Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Nutrition and dietetics ,Public health - Abstract
Free sugars overconsumption is associated with an increased prevalence of risk factors for metabolic diseases such as the alteration of the blood lipid levels. Natural fruit juices have a free sugar composition quite similar to that of sugar-sweetened beverages. Thus, could fruit juice consumption lead to the same adverse effects on health as sweetened beverages? We attempted to answer this question by reviewing the available evidence on the health effects of both sugar-sweetened beverages and natural fruit juices. We determined that, despite the similarity of fruits juices to sugar-sweetened beverages in terms of free sugars content, it remains unclear whether they lead to the same metabolic consequences if consumed in equal dose. Important discrepancies between studies, such as type of fruit juice, dose, duration, study design, and measured outcomes, make it impossible to provide evidence-based public recommendations as to whether the consumption of fruit juices alters the blood lipid profile. More randomized controlled trials comparing the metabolic effects of fruit juice and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption are needed to shape accurate public health guidelines on the variety and quantity of free sugars in our diet that would help to prevent the development of obesity and related health problems. more...
- Published
- 2019
36. Concentrated sugars and incidence of prostate cancer in a prospective cohort
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Miles, Fayth L, Neuhouser, Marian L, and Zhang, Zuo-Feng
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Colo-Rectal Cancer ,Prostate Cancer ,Clinical Research ,Prevention ,Cancer ,Digestive Diseases ,Urologic Diseases ,Aging ,Aged ,Beverages ,Diet ,Dietary Sucrose ,Feeding Behavior ,Fruit and Vegetable Juices ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Prospective Studies ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Risk Factors ,Sugars ,Sweetening Agents ,Added sugars ,Proportional hazards regression ,Prostate cancer risk ,Prospective cohorts ,Colorectal and Ovarian ,DHQ diet history questionnaire ,HR hazard ratio ,Lung ,PLCO Prostate ,PSA prostate-specific antigen ,Animal Production ,Food Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Nutrition & Dietetics ,Animal production ,Food sciences ,Nutrition and dietetics - Abstract
The association between consumption of added or concentrated sugars and prostate cancer risk is unclear. We examined the association between concentrated sugars in beverages and desserts and prostate cancer risk among 22 720 men in the usual-care arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, enrolled during 1993-2001. After a median follow-up of 9 years, 1996 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for prostate cancer risk and 95 % CI, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Increased consumption of sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer for men in the highest quartile of sugar consumption (HR: 1·21; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·39), and there was a linear trend (P more...
- Published
- 2018
37. Xylitol for the prevention of acute otitis media episodes in children aged 2-4 years: protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.
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Persaud, Nav, Laupacis, Andreas, Azarpazhooh, Amir, Birken, Catherine, Hoch, Jeffrey S, Isaranuwatchai, Wanrudee, Maguire, Jonathan L, Mamdani, Muhammad M, Thorpe, Kevin, Allen, Christopher, Mason, Dalah, Kowal, Christine, Bazeghi, Farnaz, Parkin, Patricia, and TARGet Kids! Collaboration more...
- Subjects
TARGet Kids! Collaboration ,Humans ,Otitis Media ,Xylitol ,Sweetening Agents ,Child ,Preschool ,Canada ,Multicenter Studies as Topic ,Pragmatic Clinical Trials as Topic ,dental caries ,otitis media ,sorbitol ,upper respiratory tract infection ,xylitol ,Child ,Preschool ,Clinical Sciences ,Public Health and Health Services ,Other Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
IntroductionXylitol (or 'birch sugar') is a naturally occurring sugar with antibacterial properties that has been used as a natural non-sugar sweetener in chewing gums, confectionery, toothpaste and medicines. In this preventative randomised trial, xylitol will be tested for the prevention of acute otitis media (AOM), a common and costly condition in young children. The primary outcome will be the incidence of AOM. Secondary outcomes will include upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and dental caries.Methods and analysisThis study will be a pragmatic, blinded (participant and parents, practitioners and analyst), two-armed superiority, placebo-controlled randomised trial with 1:1 allocation, stratified by clinical site. The trial will be conducted in the 11 primary care group practices participating in the TARGet Kids! research network in Canada. Eligible participants between the ages of 2-4 years will be randomly assigned to the intervention arm of regular xylitol syrup use or the control arm of regular sorbitol use for 6 months. We expect to recruit 236 participants, per treatment arm, to detect a 20% relative risk reduction in AOM episodes. AOM will be identified through chart review. The secondary outcomes of URTIs and dental caries will be identified through monthly phone calls with specified questions.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval from the Research Ethics Boards at the Hospital for Sick Children and St. Michael's Hospital has been obtained for this study and also for the TARGet Kids! research network. Results will be submitted for publication to a peer-reviewed journal and will be discussed with decision makers.Trial registration numberNCT03055091; Pre-results. more...
- Published
- 2018
38. Consumption of artificial sweetened beverages associated with adiposity and increasing HbA1c in Hispanic youth
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Davis, JN, Asigbee, FM, Markowitz, AK, Landry, MJ, Vandyousefi, S, Khazaee, E, Ghaddar, R, and Goran, MI
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Prevention ,Childhood Obesity ,Obesity ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Pediatric ,Diabetes ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Stroke ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Cancer ,Cardiovascular ,Adiposity ,Adolescent ,Beverages ,Blood Glucose ,Child ,Cohort Studies ,Energy Intake ,Female ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Hispanic or Latino ,Humans ,Insulin ,Male ,Sweetening Agents ,artificial sweeteners ,HbA1c ,Clinical Sciences ,Clinical sciences ,Health services and systems ,Public health - Abstract
Research examining the impact of artificial sweetened beverages (ASBs) on obesity and metabolic diseases in adolescents is limited. The overall goal is to examine the longitudinal effects of ASBs on changes in adiposity and metabolic parameters in Hispanic adolescents. Longitudinal cohort with 98 Hispanics (12-18 years) who were overweight or had obesity with the following data at baseline and 1-year later: anthropometrics, diet (24-h recalls), body composition (DXA), glucose and insulin dynamics (oral glucose tolerance and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) and fasting lipids. Repeated measures analyses of covariance assessed changes over time between control (no ASBs at either visit), ASB initiators (no ASBs at baseline/ASBs at 1-year) and chronic ASB consumers (ASBs at both visits). ASB initiators (n = 14) and chronic ASB consumers (n = 9) compared to control (n = 75) had higher total body fat at baseline and 1-year (P = 0.05 for group effect). Chronic ASB consumers had a 6% increase in haemoglobin A1c, 34% increase in energy intake (kcal d-1 ) and 39% increase in carbohydrate intake (g d-1 ) over time, while control and ASB initiators maintained (P more...
- Published
- 2018
39. Plasma fatty acid ethanolamides are associated with postprandial triglycerides, ApoCIII, and ApoE in humans consuming a high-fructose corn syrup-sweetened beverage
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Price, Candice Allister, Argueta, Donovan A, Medici, Valentina, Bremer, Andrew A, Lee, Vivien, Nunez, Marinelle V, Chen, Guoxia X, Keim, Nancy L, Havel, Peter J, Stanhope, Kimber L, and DiPatrizio, Nicholas V more...
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Cardiovascular ,Health Disparities ,Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Obesity ,Minority Health ,Prevention ,Heart Disease ,Stroke ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Adult ,Amides ,Apolipoprotein C-III ,Apolipoproteins E ,Aspartame ,Beverages ,Diet ,Endocannabinoids ,Fatty Acids ,Female ,High Fructose Corn Syrup ,Humans ,Lipid Metabolism ,Male ,Oleic Acids ,Sweetening Agents ,Triglycerides ,Young Adult ,anandamide ,ApoCIII ,ApoE ,high-fructose corn syrup ,oleoylethanolamide ,triglycerides ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Endocrinology & Metabolism ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical research studies have provided ample evidence demonstrating that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases risk factors involved in the development of obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our previous study demonstrated that when compared with aspartame (Asp), 2 wk of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened beverages provided at 25% of daily energy requirement was associated with increased body weight, postprandial (pp) triglycerides (TG), and fasting and pp CVD risk factors in young adults. The fatty acid ethanolamide, anandamide (AEA), and the monoacylglycerol, 2-arachidonoyl- sn-glycerol (2-AG), are two primary endocannabinoids (ECs) that play a role in regulating food intake, increasing adipose storage, and regulating lipid metabolism. Therefore, we measured plasma concentrations of ECs and their analogs, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHEA), and docosahexaenoyl glycerol (DHG), in participants from our previous study who consumed HFCS- or Asp-sweetened beverages to determine associations with weight gain and CVD risk factors. Two-week exposure to either HFCS- or Asp-sweetened beverages resulted in significant differences in the changes in fasting levels of OEA and DHEA between groups after the testing period. Subjects who consumed Asp, but not HFCS, displayed a reduction in AEA, OEA, and DHEA after the testing period. In contrast, there were significant positive relationships between AEA, OEA, and DHEA vs. ppTG, ppApoCIII, and ppApoE in those consuming HFCS, but not in those consuming Asp. Our findings reveal previously unknown associations between circulating ECs and EC-related molecules with markers of lipid metabolism and CVD risk after HFCS consumption. more...
- Published
- 2018
40. Synaptotagmin 4 Regulates Pancreatic β Cell Maturation by Modulating the Ca2+ Sensitivity of Insulin Secretion Vesicles
- Author
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Huang, Chen, Walker, Emily M, Dadi, Prasanna K, Hu, Ruiying, Xu, Yanwen, Zhang, Wenjian, Sanavia, Tiziana, Mun, Jisoo, Liu, Jennifer, Nair, Gopika G, Tan, Hwee Yim Angeline, Wang, Sui, Magnuson, Mark A, Stoeckert, Christian J, Hebrok, Matthias, Gannon, Maureen, Han, Weiping, Stein, Roland, Jacobson, David A, and Gu, Guoqiang more...
- Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,Diabetes ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Animals ,Biological Transport ,Calcium ,Cell Differentiation ,Female ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Glucose ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Insulin ,Insulin Secretion ,Insulin-Secreting Cells ,Male ,Mice ,Mice ,Knockout ,Sweetening Agents ,Synaptotagmins ,Ca(2+) ,Myt1 ,Syt4 ,diabetes ,docking ,insulin ,maturation ,membrane fusion ,secretion ,vesicle ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Developmental Biology ,Biochemistry and cell biology - Abstract
Islet β cells from newborn mammals exhibit high basal insulin secretion and poor glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Here we show that β cells of newborns secrete more insulin than adults in response to similar intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, suggesting differences in the Ca2+ sensitivity of insulin secretion. Synaptotagmin 4 (Syt4), a non-Ca2+ binding paralog of the β cell Ca2+ sensor Syt7, increased by ∼8-fold during β cell maturation. Syt4 ablation increased basal insulin secretion and compromised GSIS. Precocious Syt4 expression repressed basal insulin secretion but also impaired islet morphogenesis and GSIS. Syt4 was localized on insulin granules and Syt4 levels inversely related to the number of readily releasable vesicles. Thus, transcriptional regulation of Syt4 affects insulin secretion; Syt4 expression is regulated in part by Myt transcription factors, which repress Syt4 transcription. Finally, human SYT4 regulated GSIS in EndoC-βH1 cells, a human β cell line. These findings reveal the role that altered Ca2+ sensing plays in regulating β cell maturation. more...
- Published
- 2018
41. Rebalancing the Caries Microbiome Dysbiosis: Targeted Treatment and Sugar Alcohols.
- Author
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Zhan, L
- Subjects
Humans ,Dental Caries ,Sugar Alcohols ,Erythritol ,Xylitol ,Cariostatic Agents ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Sweetening Agents ,Virulence ,Microbiota ,Dysbiosis ,antibacterial agents ,bacterial virulence ,caries detection/diagnosis/prevention ,caries treatment ,infectious disease(s) ,microbial ecology ,Dentistry - Abstract
Dental caries is a disease that results from microbiome dysbiosis with the involvement of multiple cariogenic species, including mutans streptococci (MS), lactobacilli, Scardovia wiggsiae, and several Actinomyces species that have the cariogenic traits of acid production and acid tolerance. Sugar consumption also plays an important role interacting with microbiome dysbiosis, determining the fate of caries development. In addition, the MS transmission that encompasses multiple sources can have long-term impacts on the oral microbiome and caries development in children. Intervention in MS transmission in early childhood may promote effective long-term caries prevention. Anticaries regimens aimed against the above mechanisms will be important for successful caries management. Xylitol and erythritol may serve as good components of anticaries regimens as oral microbiome modifiers, sugar substitutes, and agents to prevent MS transmission in early childhood with both oral and systemic benefits. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of the anticaries effects of xylitol and erythritol with consideration of their impacts on the microbiome and bacterial virulence, in addition to cariogenic bacteria levels as well as their benefits for overall health. On the other hand, the anticaries agent C16G2, specifically targeting Streptococcus mutans, the most common cariogenic bacterial species, has shown good safety for short-term oral topical use and promising effects in reducing S. mutans in vitro and in vivo with the promotion of oral commensal bacteria. Future study on its anticaries effect will need to include its long-term impact on the oral microbiome and effects on other important cariogenic bacteria. more...
- Published
- 2018
42. Beliefs concerning non-nutritive sweeteners consumption in consumers, non-consumers, and health professionals: a comparative cross-sectional study.
- Author
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Romo-Romo, Alonso, Brito-Córdova, Griselda X., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Cano-García de León, Cynthia, Farías-Name, Diana E., Reyes-Lara, Liliana, Jiménez-Rossainz, Juan M., del Moral-Vidal, Lupita P., Gómez-Pérez, Francisco J., and Almeda-Valdés, Paloma more...
- Subjects
- *
NONNUTRITIVE sweeteners , *MEDICAL personnel , *CONSUMERS , *SWEETENERS , *CROSS-sectional method , *PUBLIC opinion , *PRICES - Abstract
Introduction: the consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) has increased. Recent studies have reported possible metabolic effects of NNS, and this may influence the perception regarding their consumption in the general population and health professionals. Objective: to describe and compare the beliefs about NNS in consumers, non-consumers, and health professionals; and to explore the reasons and opinions of health professionals for recommending or not their consumption. Methods: surveys were applied to 100 consumers, 100 non-consumers and 100 health professionals (dietitians and physicians) to evaluate a positive, negative, or neutral attitude towards certain beliefs regarding NNS, including the information they have, safety, price, side effects and taste. In addition, the opinion of health professionals for recommending or not the consumption of NNS and the related reasons was evaluated. Results: statistically significant differences regarding the safety, side effects and taste of NNS were found between the three groups (p < 0.01). The most frequent opinion of health professionals (48 %) is that NNS should be limited, used as a transition and in certain patients. Consumers tend to have a more positive opinion about NNS except for the price, non-consumers have a more neutral position except for taste, and health professionals have a more negative perception of NNS in all aspects. Conclusions: the beliefs regarding NNS differed among the studied groups, which might influence their consumption or recommendation of its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
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43. Advancing research on odor-induced sweetness enhancement: A EEG local-global fusion transformer network for sweetness quantification combined with EEG technology.
- Author
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Xia X, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Hua Z, Wang Q, Shi Y, and Men H
- Subjects
- Humans, Adult, Female, Male, Young Adult, Sweetening Agents, Brain physiology, Odorants analysis, Electroencephalography, Taste
- Abstract
Reducing sugar intake is crucial for health, and odor sweetening enhances food enjoyment and quality perception. Current research relies on subjective manual sensory evaluations, which are poorly reproducible. Traditional methods also fail to capture dynamic neural responses to odor-induced sweetness. We propose an electroencephalogram local-global fusion transformer network (EEG-LGFNet) model to decode this impact objectively. Electroencephalogram data were collected from 16 subjects under different odor and sucrose stimuli. The model captures complex neural signals by integrating local and global feature extraction mechanisms. Its performance was validated across three-time windows, demonstrating efficacy over various temporal ranges. Analysis of the coefficient of determination across brain regions confirmed the importance of the frontal, central, and parietal areas of sweetness perception. The EEG-LGFNet model excelled in quantifying odor-enhanced sweetness, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art models. This research offers new insights into odor sweetening, with applications in food development, personalized nutrition, and neuroscience., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2025
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44. Secondary Analysis of Sweetness Liking from Pilot Study Replacing Sugar Sweetened Soda with Flavored, Unsweetened Sparkling Water.
- Author
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Valicente V, Gletsu-Miller N, and Running CA
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Pilot Projects, Sweetening Agents, Flavoring Agents, Carbonated Beverages, Young Adult, Consumer Behavior, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Taste physiology, Food Preferences
- Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate changes in sensory ratings (liking, sweetness intensity, "just about right" (JAR) level of sweetness) of 0-10.7% w/w sugar in soda after 1 and 2 wk of replacing sugar-sweetened soda consumption with unsweetened, flavored, sparkling water., Methods: Consumers of sugar-sweetened sodas (17 men and women, average age 28 years) replaced their sodas with unsweetened, flavored sparkling waters for 2 wk. Changes in sensory ratings were evaluated for sodas ranging from 0-10.7% w/w added sugar. In a secondary analysis, cluster analysis identified "Sweet Likers" (liking increased with sugar concentration) and "Sweet Moderates" (liking peaked in the middle of the concentration range) in the baseline ratings, and models for changes in sensory ratings were reevaluated by sweet-liking group., Results: The primary analyses showed no significant effects of the intervention on sweetness intensity or liking ratings. However, the secondary analysis showed that Sweet Likers reduced liking ratings for all sodas, but particularly for the highest concentration ( p = 0.0021) after the intervention. Sweet Moderates, however, increased liking ratings after the intervention, driven by an increase in liking for the lower concentrations of sugar ( p = 0.0058). Additionally, Sweet Moderates increased their overall ratings for sweetness intensity in sodas ( p = 0.00074)., Conclusion: These results suggest that the intervention may have been more successful in shifting sensory perception and acceptance of less-sweet sodas for Sweet Moderates than for Sweet Likers. These results should be verified in a larger sample that intentionally recruits by sweet liker status, to see if initial liking for sweetness may be a critical factor in interventions aiming to improve liking of less sweet beverages. more...
- Published
- 2025
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45. Educational Intervention Boosts Dietitians' Knowledge of the Safety and Approval of Low- and No-Calorie Sweeteners.
- Author
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Nolden AA and Makame J
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Middle Aged, Sweetening Agents, United States, United States Food and Drug Administration, Young Adult, Aspartame administration & dosage, Nutritionists education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
- Abstract
Background/objectives: Low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCSs) provide sweetness in food applications that are suggested to support consumers' reduced consumption of caloric sweeteners and added sugar intake. Consumers seek guidance and advice on using LNCSs from healthcare providers, including dietitians and nutritionists. However, prior research suggests there may be inconsistent guidance on the use of LNCSs. The main goal is to assess dietitians' and nutritionists' perceptions and knowledge of LNCSs. We also evaluate the impact of educational intervention on the perceptions and knowledge of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCSs) among healthcare professionals., Methods: Participants completed an online questionnaire on their perceptions of LNCSs before and after viewing a webinar given by a member of the FDA on the safety and approval process of LNCSs. A total of 187 participants completed the pre-questionnaire, and 58 participants completed the post-questionnaire., Results: The LNCSs most familiar to participants was aspartame, followed by stevia, with thaumatin, advantame, and neotame being the least familiar sweeteners. While all sweeteners were FDA-approved, there were differences in perceived safety and suitability for dietary use. Following the intervention, there was a significant improvement in the participant's knowledge, understanding, and confidence in the safety and approval process of LNCSs and reduced negative perceptions of LNCSs on health., Conclusions: With nutritionists and dietitians being the primary sources of nutritional guidance, consumers may seek their recommendations regarding using LNCSs. However, this study revealed differences in suitability across FDA-approved LNCSs and a lack of confidence regarding the safety and approval process. Education programs regarding the safety and approval process of LNCSs increase confidence in advising patients and clients on the use of LNCSs. more...
- Published
- 2024
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46. Consumer perception of sweeteners in yogurt.
- Author
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Crown E, Rovai D, Racette CM, Barbano DM, and Drake MA
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- Humans, Taste, Sucrose, Adult, Female, Yogurt, Sweetening Agents, Consumer Behavior
- Abstract
Consumers are interested in products with reduced sugar, a trend which has been attributed to consumers associating high-sugar foods with obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. The objective of this study was to evaluate consumer perception of sugar reduction in yogurt-both conceptually and for liking of actual products. An online survey (n = 1,290) was conducted to evaluate consumer perception of sweeteners available in commercial yogurts. Participants who purchased yogurt at least once in the past 3 mo completed a series of exercises that involved demographics, agreement, Kano, and maximum difference (MaxDiff) scaling questions. Subsequently, vanilla 1% milkfat yogurts sweetened with sucrose were formulated to isosweet taste intensity with either stevia, allulose, a blend of sucrose and honey, or a blend of sucrose, stevia, and allulose using magnitude estimate scaling followed by paired comparison tests with consumers (n = 40). A consumer acceptance test (n = 229) was then conducted using the 5 vanilla yogurts. Half of the consumers (n = 115) were primed with the specific yogurt sweetener and the other half were not. Survey and acceptance test data were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Conceptually, consumers preferred the claim "naturally sweetened" over a reduced sugar claim in yogurt (P < 0.05). Honey was preferred over other sweeteners, followed by agave nectar and cane sugar (P < 0.05). Allulose was the least preferred sweetener option conceptually (P < 0.05). Priming with sweetener type positively affected consumer acceptance, regardless of sweetener (P < 0.05). When yogurts were tasted, yogurts sweetened with sucrose were the most preferred regardless of priming (P < 0.05). Yogurts sweetened with allulose or a blend of allulose, stevia, and sucrose received higher liking scores than yogurts with stevia (P < 0.05), suggesting that allulose can assist with sugar reduction in yogurt. Consumers are interested in healthy yogurts that are naturally sweetened, but flavor or taste remains the driving force for liking and purchase. The use of a natural non-nutritive sweetener that delivers the sensory experience of sucrose is ultimately more important than familiarity with the actual sweetener., (© 2024, The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).) more...
- Published
- 2024
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47. An Overview of Reviews on the Association of Low Calorie Sweetener Consumption With Body Weight and Adiposity.
- Author
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Higgins KA, Rawal R, Kramer M, Baer DJ, Yerke A, and Klurfeld DM
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- Humans, Sweetening Agents, Male, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Energy Intake, Adult, Female, Obesity, Non-Nutritive Sweeteners administration & dosage, Middle Aged, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Aged, Adiposity, Body Weight
- Abstract
Background: Numerous systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analyses (MA) on low calorie sweeteners (LCS) have been published in recent years, concluding that LCS have beneficial, neutral, or detrimental effects on various health outcomes, depending on the review., Objectives: The objective of this overview of reviews was to determine how the methodologies of SR investigating the association between LCS consumption and body weight (BW) influence their findings and whether MA results can provide a consistent estimated effect., Methods: Systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were conducted in November 2022 to identify SR of randomized controlled trials (RCT) or non-randomized studies (NRS) investigating the association between LCS consumption and BW. The methods, MA results, and conclusions were extracted from each eligible SR., Results: Of the 985 search results, 20 SR evaluated the association between LCS and BW, drawing from publications of 75 RCT, 42 prospective cohort studies, and 10 cross-sectional studies. There was a considerable lack of overlap of studies included within each SR attributed, in part, to the inclusion of studies based on design; thus, each SR synthesized results from distinctly different studies. Evidence synthesis methods were heterogeneous and often opaque, making it difficult to determine why results from certain studies were excluded or why disparate results were observed between SR., Conclusions: SR investigating the effect of LCS on BW implement different methodologies to answer allegedly the same question, drawing from a different set of heterogeneous studies, ignoring the basic assumptions required for MA, resulting in disparate results and conclusions. Previous MA show the large effects of study design, which results in inconsistent estimates of the effect of LCS on BW between MA of RCT and NRS. Given the availability of long-term RCT, these studies should be the basis of determining causal relationships (or lack thereof) between LCS and BW. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022351200., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2024
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48. Sweet-bitter taste interactions in binary mixtures of sweeteners: Relationship between taste receptor activities and sensory perception.
- Author
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Choi Y, Wong RR, Cha YK, Park TH, Kim Y, and Chung SJ
- Subjects
- Humans, HEK293 Cells, Saccharin pharmacology, Thiazines, Sweetening Agents, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled metabolism, Taste, Taste Perception drug effects, Taste Buds metabolism, Taste Buds drug effects
- Abstract
This study investigated the effects of various binary sweetener mixtures on sweetness enhancement and their interactions with sweet or bitter taste receptors, focusing on sensory perception and receptor activity. Acesulfame K or saccharin was mixed with allulose, aspartame, erythritol, fructose, glucose, or sucrose to match a target sucrose sweetness. The effects of the mixtures on sweet and bitter taste receptors (in the human embryonic kidney -293 cells) and sensory taste intensities were evaluated. Sweetness enhancement at the sweet taste receptor level was observed in some cases, with several monosaccharides reducing the acesulfame K- or saccharin-induced bitter taste receptor activity. Combining acesulfame K or saccharin with any of the six sweeteners perceptually enhanced sweetness (60% ∼ 100% in 50:50 ratio), correlating with a reduction in inherent bitterness (-35% ∼ -63% in 50:50 ratio). This finding suggests that sweetness perception likely increased because the monosaccharides mitigate the activation of bitter receptors caused by high-potency sweeteners., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2024
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49. Prevalence and Predictors of the Use of Low-Calorie Sweeteners Among Non-Pregnant, Non-Lactating Women of Reproductive Age in Australia.
- Author
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Begum M, Zhou SJ, Ali SS, and Lassi ZS
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Adult, Australia, Cross-Sectional Studies, Prevalence, Young Adult, Life Style, Diet statistics & numerical data, Sweetening Agents, Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, Energy Intake
- Abstract
Objective: There is concern about the potential health implications of low-calorie sweetener (LCS) consumption. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of LCS use among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Australia., Methods: This cross-sectional study involved a two-stage analysis. First, latent class analyses (LCA) were employed to identify patterns of LCS use. Subsequently, regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and the two outcomes: (1) self-reported LCS use, and (2) the identified LCS consumption patterns/classes., Results: A total of 405 WRA completed the survey (mean age 32.0 ± 8.6 years, mean BMI 28.71 ± 11.1 kg/m
2 ), with 44.7% reporting LCS consumption. LCA analysis identified three distinct LCS consumption patterns: light users (45.9%), moderate users (26.0%) and heavy users (28.6%). A high proportion of participants did not meet the Australian dietary guidelines for recommended servings of vegetables (57.8%), dairy (44.2%), meat (48.2%) and grains (74.8%). Compared to Caucasian women, those from South Asian backgrounds (OR 4.16; 95% CI 1.71-10.1) and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women (OR 1.40; 95% CI 0.42-4.63) were more likely to use LCS. Women who participated in the weight loss programs, with overweight/obesity, and those using LCS for weight loss purposes were more likely to be moderate or heavy LCS users than light users. Additionally, socioeconomically disadvantaged women were less likely to be moderate or heavy LCS users., Conclusions: This study highlights the widespread use of LCS among WRA in Australia, with distinct consumption patterns influenced by cultural, health-related, and socioeconomic factors. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to promote healthy eating practices within this population. more...- Published
- 2024
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50. Non-Sugar Sweetener Rubusoside Alleviates Lipid Metabolism Disorder In Vivo and In Vitro by Targeting PPARγ/α, Lgals3, and Mknk2.
- Author
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Huang W, Jiang M, Wang X, Pan D, Chen W, and Fan L
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Male, Humans, Sweetening Agents, Lipid Metabolism Disorders drug therapy, Lipid Metabolism Disorders metabolism, Lipid Metabolism Disorders genetics, PPAR alpha metabolism, PPAR alpha genetics, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases genetics, Diet, High-Fat adverse effects, Galectins genetics, Galectins metabolism, Rosaceae chemistry, Adipogenesis drug effects, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts administration & dosage, Obesity metabolism, Obesity drug therapy, Obesity genetics, PPAR gamma metabolism, PPAR gamma genetics, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Lipid Metabolism drug effects, 3T3-L1 Cells
- Abstract
Rubusoside─a high-sweetened, nonsugar sweetener─is mainly extracted from Rubus chingii var. suavissimus (S. Lee) L. T. Lu or Rubus suavissimus S. Lee (Chinese sweet leaf tea). We previously reported that rubusoside regulates lipid metabolism disorder in Syrian golden hamsters on a high-fat diet (HFD). This study aimed to reveal the underlying mechanisms through which rubusoside alleviates lipid metabolism disorder in vivo and in vitro. First, we analyzed the therapeutic properties of rubusoside in alleviating HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorder in C57BL/6J mice. Then, we analyzed the adipogenic effect of rubusoside in normal and Lgals3/Mknk2-overexpressing 3T3-L1 cells by exploring the mechanisms on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ/α (PPARγ/α), galectin-3 (Lgals3), mitogen-activated protein kinase interacting serine/threonine kinase-2 (Mknk2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), and extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) with RT-qPCR and Western blot. Our results showed a rubusoside-mediated reduction of HFD-induced weight gain, dyslipidemia, and decelerated hepatic steatosis and adipose tissue expansion in mice as well as improved adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Mechanistically, rubusoside up-regulated the PPARγ/α expression while down-regulating Lgals3 and Mknk2 expression in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, rubusoside attenuated the adipogenic activity of PPARγ through increasing its site-specific phosphorylation mediated by p38MAPK and ERK1/2. Taken together, our findings suggest that rubusoside alleviates lipid metabolism disorder through multiple pathways and thus holds potential for future development. more...
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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