Search

The use of feed in fish farming is often inefficient because fish only partially consume the feed spread in ponds, so it becomes waste for the aquatic environment and, even worse, will trigger new diseases. The Department of Chemistry's of Universitas Andalas team was trying to overcome this problem by increasing the efficiency of fish feed. For the feed to work optimally and produce good quality fish weight, it is necessary to modify the nutrition of the fish feed, one of which is by adding probiotics through a fermentation process. The method used in this activity includes training, mentoring, and demonstration plots in feed fermentation and counselling regarding the right time to feed. This activity targets fish farmers in the Koto Luar area, Pauh District, Padang, with a fish culturing group, "Family Sepakat", as the partner. Feed fermentation was carried out with probiotic starters such as Bacillus sp., saccharomyces cerevisiae, L. fermentum, L. plantarum, and W. paramesenteroides. This activity improved catfish growth, and the death rate was lower than in catfish farming without feed fermentation treatment.

Sampah plastik mendapat perhatian khusus untuk mengatasinya namun sampah yang terbesar di tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) adalah sampah organik sekitar 60% mendominasi jumlah sampah yang ada. Sampah organik jika diolah dan dimanfaatkan untuk kehidupan sehari-hari malah dapat memberikan penghasilan tambahan jika diseriuskan. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah memberikan bekalan pengetahuan dan keterampilan tenaga pendamping Mitra organisasi wanita, terutama dari mahasiswa yang berdomisili di Sumatera Barat, tentang zero waste sehingga dapat mengolah sampah organik menjadi beberapa produk yang bermanfaat dan bernilai ekonomis skala rumah tangga. Adapun metode kegiatan adalah pengarahan, penyuluhan / penyadaran/sosialisasi, pelatihan, pendampingan dan konsultasi bisnis. Adapun tahapan pelaksanaannya adalah 1) perencanaan kegiatan yang tepat sesuai kebutuhan Mitra, 2) webinar pendampingan, 3) pelatihan dan 4) evaluasi. Berdasarkan kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan dapat disimpulkan bahwa 1) Mitra memerlukan tenaga pendamping untuk menuntaskan masalah sampah di rumah tangga-rumah tangga mitra, 2) Kegiatan Webinar pendampingan zero waste telah dilaksanakan secara daring menggunakan aplikasi Zoom yang diikuti oleh lebih dari 108 orang peserta yang berasal dari mahasiswa dan umum dengan penuh antusias oleh tiga orang pemateri sekaligus praktisi handal dibidangnya masing-masing dengan topik eco enzyme, mikroorganisme lokal (MOL), sampah – maggot – kompos. 3) Peserta sangat terkesan dengan webinar zero waste dan minta ditindak lanjuti pelaksanaan webinar lainnya. 4) Kegiatan pelatihan eco enzyme, MOL dan kompos dilaksanakan secara offline dan kunjungan ke Minagot.

The Qur'an Education Park (TPQ) and Tahzhul Qur'an House (RTQ) of the Raudhatul Adzkia Jorong Dalam Koto Nagari Koto Tangah, Tilatang Kamang, and District of Agam have been launched since 2015. The students who study here are free of charge. The operational costs of education and the honorarium for educators come from donations from their community and some nomads. However, this contribution is not sufficient for operational costs. The Department of Chemistry's community service team, Andalas University, collaborated with partners to start a business to solve this problem. The business was carried out using vacant land owned by partners for catfish cultivation. Surveys, program socialization and assisting activities were carried out online using virtual media, while Partners carried out the implementation in the field. Activities carried out were pond preparation, the release of catfish seeds, feeding, sorting, maintenance, harvesting, and marketing cultivated catfish. Based on the evaluation, 5000 seedlings from the released catfish developed well. About 99% of catfish typically growth to a large and even size, while the other 1% growth relatively slowly. Harvested catfish were sold for IDR 18,000/kg for wet fish and IDR 100,000/kg for dried fish. This business has been carried out sustainably by partners, and the profits have been used to support the operational costs of TPQ and RTQ Raudhatul Adzkia.

Mikroalga memiliki kinerja yang hampir sama dengan tumbuhan bersel banyak, akan tetapi tidak memiliki akar, daun, dan batang untuk berfotosintesis. Mikroalga diibaratkan sebagai pabrik kecil dalam ukuran sel mikro yang mengubah karbondioksida menjadi material potensial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi mikroalga, mengidentifikasi spesiesnya secara morfologi dan molekuler, selanjutnya menentukan kandungan total fenolik, bioaktivitas antioksidan dan antihiperglikemik dari ekstrak mikroalga tersebut. Uji antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH dan uji antihiperglikemik dengan metode inhibitor enzim α-amilase. Mikroalga yang berhasil diisolasi termasuk dalam jenis Chlorella vulgaris. Ekstrak metanol dari biomassa kering mikroalga memberikan kandungan fenolik total paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 10,8 mg GAE/g jika dibandingkan ekstrak air (1,8 mg GAE/g) dan heksana (1,1 mg GAE/g). Nilai IC50 ekstrak metanol dalam menangkap radikal bebas DPPH adalah 75,9 µg/mL dan mampu menginhibisi 50% aktivitas enzim α-amilase pada konsentrasi 839,9 µg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil uji bioaktivitas ekstrak metanol mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris yang diisolasi dari perairan Sungai Kincir Kamba Tigo memiliki kemampuan yang rendah sebagai antioksidan dan antihiperglikemik.

Phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis (S. Platensis) is a pigment-complex protein belong to the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family. The pigments have high economic value as a natural blue dye as well as the source of antioxidants and anticancer. Production of pure natural phycocyanin remains in high demand. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain phycocyanin with high purity values using modified liquid biphasic flotation (LBF) system and tested for DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrilhydrazil) radical scavenging activity. This study produced high purity phycocyanin with purification fold 3.041 ± 0.04 and recovery yields approximately about 70.881%. Purified phycocyanin showed scavenging activity with IC50 of 338.585 mg/mL. Thus, the LBF system yielded high purity phycocyanin pigments.

Chlorella vulgaris is a microalgae that has high lipid content and potential as raw material for biofuel production. This study aims are to determine the effect of pH on growth, lipid production and fatty acid composition of C. vulgaris by using Growmore 32-10-10 fertilizer as a culture medium. Microalgae were cultured in medium Growmore 32-10-10 for 10 days. Afterward, pH of medium was varied into pH 5, 7, 8.2 and 9 and continued cultivate for 3 days. C. vulgaris cultured at pH 8.2 which is a control pH reached optimum growths. The GC-MS analysis for lipid productivity of C. vulgaris was 0.5020 g/L/day and 0.2902 g/L/day for microalgae grew at pH 8.2 and 9, respectively. Cultures at pH 8.2 and 9 produce methyl hexadecanoate, methyl 9-octadecanoate, methyl octadecanoate, methyl 9,12-octadecadienoate, methyl 9,11-octadecadienoate. Additional fatty acid methyl nonadecanoate was also found in C. vulgaris grew at pH 9. The low and high pH stress of C. vulgaris culture medium did not affect culture growth but altered lipid production and fatty acid composition.

Isolasi dan karakterisasi terpenoid dari fraksi etil asetat ekstrak kulit batang Shorea singkawang telah dilakukan. Senyawa ini diisolasi dengan metode maserasi, kromatografi kolom, dan rekristalisasi serta dikarakterisasi dengan metode spektroskopi. Terpenoid tersebut berupa padatan putih dengan titik leleh 140-142°C dan berdasarkan data GC menunjukkan adanya 1 puncak. Berdasarkan data spektroskopi UV dan IR, senyawa hasil isolasi dalam pelarut metanol menunjukkan serapan maksimum pada panjang gelombang 201 nm dan memiliki gugus –OH, -CH2, -CH3, dan geminal dimetil namun belum diketahui posisi dari gugus-gugus tersebut. Hasil uji antioksidan dengan metode DPPH menunjukkan ekstrak etil asetat memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan dengan EC50 sebesar 0,075%. Kata kunci : Shorea singkawang, terpenoid, uji antioksidan

The earliest stages of cancer detection determine the successful of cancer treatment andtherapy. The existing cancer test or detection methods have been routinely used, but they arelack of sensitivity and specificity that are needed to avoid false positive or negative results. Thegenomic basedtechniques have been applied, although molecular understandings of cancerfar from complete, but few genomic platforms are becoming routine. Application of proteomicsbasedtechniques provide intriguing outcome, which is cancer detection at their earliest stages.Proteomics have exposed a new perspective into the phases of tumorigenesis and depictedmore detailed molecular network scheme, which made important contributions in the discoveryof biomarker of early diagnosis, prognosis and prediction outcome of cancer therapies.The noticeable proteomic platforms to achieve these goals are protein microarray, tissuemicroarray, mass spectrometry-based proteomic, and two-dimensionalgel electrophoresis (2-DE). The application of these techniques will be overviewed, providing a general review ofcurrent proteomic methods in cancer detection and subsequently improvement in prognosisand prediction of cancer therapies.Keywords: proteomics, protein microarrays, mass spectrometry, cancer biomarkerAbstrakDeteksi dini kanker sangat menentukan keberhasilan penanganan dan terapi kanker. Hinggasaat ini, telah banyak jenis metoda deteksi dan uji kanker yang sudah rutin digunakan, akantetapi metoda-metoda tersebut memiliki tingkat sensitifitas dan spesifikasi yang rendah,sehingga sering menyebabkan terjadi kesalahan hasil uji baik secara positif ataupun negatif.Bidang genomik telah banyak digunakan untuk lebih memahami kanker pada level molekuler,meskipun hasil yang diperoleh belum mendalam, akan tetapi beberapa metoda berbasiskangenomik telah mulai rutin digunakan. Bidang pioteomik mulai banyak diaplikasikan untukkeperluan deteksi kankersedini mungkin. Proteomik memberikan perspektif dalam mempelajarifase-fase pembentukan tumor dan juga bisa memberikan gambaran rangkaian molekuler yangterlibat. Hasil ini akan menjadi suatu kosntribusi yang sangat besar untuk mencari biomarkeruntuk diagnosa awal, prognosa dan dan memprediksikan luaran terapiyang muncul. Beberapametoda proteomik telah banyak digunakan untuk tujuan tersebut, diantaranya adalah proteinmicroarrays, fissue microarrays, /nass spectrometry-based proteomic, dan two-dimensionalgel electrophoresis (2-DE). Beberapa aplikasi teknik proteomik tersebut akan dibahas padatulisan ini, sehingga bisa memberikan pandangan umum tentang metoda-metoda proteomikterkini yang sudah mulai digunakan untuk deteksi kanker dan selanjutnya memperbaikiprognosa yang diberikan dan bias memantau luaran yang dihasilkan dariterapi.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Microplastics are plastic fragments measuring less than 5 millimeters which are formed from degraded plastic materials and have the potential to pollute the environment. Due to their widespread presence in the marine environment, microplastics have become a significant global threat. The presence of microplastics is often considered as causing pollution in various environments, especially aquatic ecosystems such as rivers and oceans. Microplastics contamination can even be found in consumed salt, thus raising concerns about its impact on human health. However, information on the presence of microplastics in salt is still very limited. This study aims to determine the abundance and characteristics of microplastics as contaminants in salt and assess the human exposure to microplastics in Indonesia. METHODS: A total of 21 samples of salt products were taken from various brands available in Padang City and Jambi City, Indonesia for analysis. Microplastics extraction was carried out by removing the organic materials contained in the salt samples using 30 percent hydrogen peroxide and then filtering them with a 0.45 micrometer pore filter. A stereomicroscope was used to detect the abundance, shape, size, and color of microplastics, while the Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was utilized to identify the polymer type of the microplastics. Furthermore, human exposure to microplastics can be predicted by calculating the estimated dietary intake and taking into account the daily salt intake. FINDINGS: Microplastics were detected in significant amounts (p<0.05) in all salt samples, ranging from 33 to 313 particles/kilogram. The types of microplastics most commonly found in the samples were fragments (67.49 percent), fibers (23.82 percent), films (6.08 percent), and pellets (2.61 percent). The types of polymer identified include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyester. The dominant microplastics were 100-300 micrometers in size (47.3 percent) and black in color (52.88 percent). It is estimated that adults in Indonesia will be exposed to 60.225-571.225 microplastics/year if they consume 5 grams of salt/day or 120.45-1142.45 microplastics/year if they consume 10 grams of salt/day. CONCLUSION: Of the 21 salt samples analyzed, all were detected to contain microplastics. Inadequate and unhygienic salt production and contaminated seawater used as raw material contribute to microplastics contamination of salt, thus posing a risk to human health. By calculating of daily salt intake of the Indonesian population, it is possible to estimate their daily and annual exposure to microplastics. The results of this study contain useful information for the efforts to prevent microplastics contamination by relevant stakeholders and the provision of education and socialization about the proper salt production process in accordance with food safety standards as to reduce or even eliminate microplastics in salt. In addition, this study can provide valuable data on human exposure to microplastics in salt products that can assist policymakers in making standard references for microplastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to investigate the effect of leaf extracts of Piper cilibracteum, P. curtisii and P. aduncum againts of Ceratocystis fimbriata in vitro. Crude methanolic extract of P. aduncum leaves showed the highest percentage growth inhibition (GIP; 79.38%) than those of P. cilibracteum (37.52%) and P. curtisii (24.31%). Further examination of the leaf extract of P. aduncum with various solvents, we found that the n-hexane extract had the best performance in inhibiting the growth of C. fimbriata (GIP of 73.20%). The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC)50 and MIC90 of this n-hexane extract towards C. fimbriata were reached at a very low concentration at 165 mg/L and 6999 mg/mL, respectively. The n-hexane leaf extract of P. aduncum is a potential candidate for anti-Ceratocystis agent. Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectra of n-hexane leaves extract of P. aduncum, apiol was identified as a major compound in the extract. • Leaf extract of P. cilibracteum, P. curtisii and P. aduncum had antifungal against Ceratocystis fimbriata. • N-hexane extract of P. aduncum showed greater growth inhibition to C. fimbriata. • GC-MS spectra of n-hexane extract of P. aduncum showed apiol as a major compound. • Piper aduncum can be considered as an antifungal resource for protection of rubber crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six (1-6) and two (7-8) compounds were obtained from ethyl acetate extract of S. tetrasperma Roxb bark and leaves, respectively. Structures of isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic data, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and two dimensional NMR as β-sitosterol glucoside (1), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2), 2- (hydroxymethyl)phenol (3), 1,3-dihydroxyphenol (4), 3-(hydroxymethyl)phenol (5), 4-methylbenzaldehyde (6), 1,2- dihydroxybenzene (7) and 3’,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (8). Interestingly, compounds 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 were reported for the first time isolated from this plant. The antioxidant activities of all crude extracts were evaluated by the diphenylpicrilhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Among all extracts, methanol extract of the bark has the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 6.85 µg/mL. The activity of ethyl acetate extract of the root (IC50 19.53 µg/mL) was stronger than the bark (IC50 22.69 µg/mL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]