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Moods have been investigated previously in a range of cultural contexts. In our study, we investigated if six mood profiles previously identified, termed the iceberg, inverse Everest, inverse iceberg, shark fin, submerged, and surface profiles, were also evident among a Lithuanian sample. A Lithuanian translation of the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS-LTU) was completed by a sample of 746 participants (male = 199, female = 547) aged from 17–78 years (M = 41.8 years, SD = 11.4 year). Seeded k-means cluster analysis clearly identified the six hypothesized mood profiles, the prevalence of which reflected previous findings. Cluster prevalence varied significantly by sex, age, exercise and smoking status, frequency of overeating, and self-rated health of participants. Male participants and older adults were under-represented for the inverse Everest profile and over-represented for the iceberg profile. Those who reported more healthy habits (i.e., exerciser, non-smoker, rarely overeat) and those reporting better self-rated health were over-represented for the iceberg profile and under-represented for negative mood profiles; namely, the inverse Everest, inverse iceberg, and shark fin profiles. Findings supported the cross-cultural invariance of the mood profile clusters and confirmed the link between unhealthy habits and negative mood profiles. Keywords: affect; emotion; mood profiling; cluster analysis; health; exercise; physical activity.

Self-confidence is a common research topic, and most applied textbooks include interventions designed to enhance athlete confidence. Our purpose was to quantify the self-confidence and sport performance literature using meta-analytic techniques. We also examined potential risk of bias indicators, and the moderation effects of study quality, sport characteristics, timing of confidence measurement, and individual differences among participants. Following a review of two past meta-analyses, a systematic search of APA PsycArticles, ERIC, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsychINFO, and SPORTDiscus within the EBSCOhost platform, and some hand searching, 41 articles published between 1986 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. Collectively, the included studies investigated 3711 athletes from 15 countries across 24 sports. The overall random effects estimate of the relationship (expressed as r) between self-confidence and performance was 0.25 (95% CI 0.19, 0.30), with little evidence of publication bias. The summed total risk of the individual study bias score did not moderate the confidence–performance relationship, whereas significant moderator effects emerged for individual sports (0.29) compared with team sports (0.14), objective (0.29) compared to subjective (0.14) performance measures, and 100% male (0.35) compared to 100% female (0.07) samples. In conclusion, the confidence–performance relationship is small in magnitude, nearly free of bias, and moderated by sport type, performance objectivity, and athlete sex.

Mood can be considered as a diffuse and global emotional state, with both valence and arousal characteristics, that is not directed towards a specific object. Investigation of moods in specific language and cultural contexts relies on the availability of appropriately validated measures. The current study involved the translation and validation of the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) from English into Lithuanian. The 24-item, 6-factor scale, referred to as the BRUMS-LTU, was administered to 746 participants who were fluent in Lithuanian (nmen = 199 (26.7%), nwomen = 547 (73.3%); age range = 17–78 years, M = 41.8 years, SD = 11.4 years). Confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit of the hypothesized measurement model to the data (CFI  =  0.954, TLI  = 0 .944, RMSEA  = 0 .060 [CI 0.056, 0.064], SRMR = 0.070) and multi-sample analysis supported configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance across genders. Concurrent measures (i.e., Perceived Stress Scale, Big Five Personality Test) correlated with subscale scores in line with theoretical predictions, supporting both convergent and divergent validity. Internal consistency coefficients of the six subscales were satisfactory. Mood scores varied significantly by gender, with men generally reporting more positive moods than women. Findings support the adequacy of the psychometric properties of the BRUMS-LTU. Thus, the scale can be recommended for use in further psychological studies of mood in Lithuania and may also be useful for applied practitioners.

MMA is a global sport with a growing body of psychological literature. Our main objective was to replicate and extend a past review concerning the sport psychology literature with MMA participants. We conducted our electronic search in EBSCO with the following databases: SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Our eligibility criteria were research articles (a) found in academic journals, (b) with MMA participants, and (c) at least one topic found in sport psychology literature. After conducting a PRISMA-guided search, 16 studies met our inclusion criteria. The studies spanned from 2011 to 2021, with 795 MMA participants from the USA (n = 7), Brazil (n = 4), and one study each from Czechia, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. From studies reporting mean ages, MMA participants were in their mid-20s (M = 26.55 ± 2.38 years of age). The results section includes risk of bias ratings across five areas (i.e., subject selection, sample’s MMA background, participant anonymity, data collection procedures, and questionnaire or qualitative theme reporting). More risk of bias concerns resulted with the quantitative than qualitative articles. To best represent the studies, we presented separate results tables with many specifics for both the quantitative (i.e., topic, main analysis, time frame, summary of results, and meaningfulness) and qualitative studies (topic, main analysis, time frame, and main themes). The included studies covered a variety of historic and meta-analyzed topics such as confidence, mood, motivations, and social facilitation. Based on our review, we discussed the literature strengths and limitations, and suggested future research directions. Last, we provided practical points for both MMA participants and their trainers.

Background and Study Aim.Researchers since the late 1970s have been interested in finding out the reasons attributed to outcomes. To facilitate attribution research in Croatia we translated and validated The Revised Causal Dimension Scale (CDS-II) and examined its invariance when attributing most and least successful competition performances. Materials and methods.To achieve our stated aim, 384 kinesiology students completed the translated CDS-II. To test the latent structure of the questionnaire, we used CFA and tested two alternative models (orthogonal solution and model with correlated latent variables). Additionally, we examined the CDS-II invariance when attributing the most and the least successful competition performance in sport using longitudinal CFA. The reliability was tested using Cronbach alpha coefficients. Lastly, we tested differences in latent means between most and least successful performance using pairwise t-test. Results.Similar to the originally published findings, CFA indicated the CDS-II structure with correlated latent variables had an adequate and better fit than the orthogonal solution in both situations. Furthermore, we confirmed configural, metric and scalar invariance, as well as partial strict invariance since one item’s residuals differed significantly from the others. Cronbach alpha coefficients were adequate across both situations. Lastly, athletes attributed their most successful performances to more internal, stable and controllable reasons than their least successful performances. Conclusions.We confirmed that the Croatian version of the CDS-II has adequate psychometric properties and is therefore suitable for research in sport situations., Предпосылки и цель исследования.Исследователи с конца 1970-х годов были заинтересованы в выяснении причин, связанных с результатами. Чтобы облегчить исследование атрибуции в Хорватии, мы перевели и утвердили Пересмотренную шкалу причинно-следственных связей (CDS-II) и изучили ее неизменность при атрибуции наиболее и наименее успешных результатов конкуренции.Материал и методы. Для достижения поставленной цели 384 студента-кинезиолога заполнили переведенный CDS-II. Для проверки скрытой структуры анкеты мы использовали CFA и протестировали две альтернативные модели (ортогональное решение и модель с коррелированными скрытыми переменными). Кроме того, мы исследовали инвариантность CDS-II при определении наиболее и наименее успешных соревновательных результатов в спорте с использованием продольной CFA. Надежность проверялась с использованием альфа-коэффициентов Кронбаха. Наконец, мы проверили различия в скрытых средних между наиболее и наименее успешными результатами, используя попарный t-критерий.Результаты.Подобно первоначально опубликованным результатам, CFA показала, что структура CDS-II с коррелированными латентными переменными имеет адекватное и лучшее соответствие, чем ортогональное решение в обеих ситуациях. Кроме того, мы подтвердили конфигурационную, метрическую и скалярную инвариантность, а также частичную строгую инвариантность, поскольку остатки одного элемента значительно отличались от других. Коэффициенты альфа Кронбаха были адекватными в обеих ситуациях. Наконец, спортсмены объясняли свои наиболее успешные выступления более внутренними, стабильными и контролируемыми причинами, чем наименее успешные выступления.Выводы. Мы подтвердили, что хорватская версия CDS-II обладает адекватными психометрическими свойствами и поэтому подходит для исследования в спортивных ситуациях., Передумови та мета дослідження. Дослідники з кінця 1970-х років були зацікавлені в з'ясуванні причин, пов'язаних з результатами. Щоб полегшити дослідження атрибуції в Хорватії, ми перевели і затвердили Переглянуту шкалу причинно-наслідкових зв'язків (CDS-II) і вивчили її незмінність при атрибуції найбільш і найменш успішних результатів конкуренції.Матеріал і методи. Для досягнення поставленої мети 384 студента-кінезіології заповнили переведений CDS-II. Для перевірки прихованої структури анкети ми використовували CFA і протестували дві альтернативні моделі (ортогональное рішення і модель з корельованими прихованими змінними). Крім того, ми досліджували инвариантность CDS-II при визначенні найбільш і найменш успішних змагальних результатів в спорті з використанням поздовжньої CFA. Надійність перевірялася з використанням альфа-коефіцієнтів Кронбаха. Нарешті, ми перевірили відмінності в прихованих середніх між найбільш і найменш успішними результатами, використовуючи попарний t-критерій.Результати. Подібно спочатку опублікованими результатами, CFA показала, що структура CDS-II з корельованими латентними змінними має адекватне і кращу відповідність, ніж ортогональное рішення в обох ситуаціях. Крім того, ми підтвердили конфігураційну, метричну і скалярную инвариантность, а також часткову сувору инвариантность, оскільки залишки одного елемента значно відрізнялися від інших. Коефіцієнти альфа Кронбаха були адекватними в обох ситуаціях. Нарешті, спортсмени пояснювали свої найбільш успішні виступи більш внутрішніми, стабільними і контрольованими причинами, ніж найменш успішні виступи.Висновки. Ми підтвердили, що хорватська версія CDS-II володіє адекватними психометричними властивостями і тому підходить для дослідження в спортивних ситуаціях.

Forward genetic studies use meiotic mapping to adduce evidence that a particular mutation, normally induced by a germline mutagen, is causative of a particular phenotype. Particularly in small pedigrees, cosegregation of multiple mutations, occasional unawareness of mutations, and paucity of homozygotes may lead to erroneous declarations of cause and effect. We sought to improve the identification of mutations causing immune phenotypes in mice by creating Candidate Explorer (CE), a machine-learning software program that integrates 67 features of genetic mapping data into a single numeric score, mathematically convertible to the probability of verification of any putative mutation–phenotype association. At this time, CE has evaluated putative mutation–phenotype associations arising from screening damaging mutations in ∼55% of mouse genes for effects on flow cytometry measurements of immune cells in the blood. CE has therefore identified more than half of genes within which mutations can be causative of flow cytometric phenovariation in Mus musculus. The majority of these genes were not previously known to support immune function or homeostasis. Mouse geneticists will find CE data informative in identifying causative mutations within quantitative trait loci, while clinical geneticists may use CE to help connect causative variants with rare heritable diseases of immunity, even in the absence of linkage information. CE displays integrated mutation, phenotype, and linkage data, and is freely available for query online.

Background The first step in the management of burn patients is an accurate estimation of the total body surface area (TBSA) involvement. Depending on which, burns are categorized as major (>20%) and minor (

When applied to immunity, forward genetic studies use meiotic mapping to provide strong statistical evidence that a particular mutation is causative of a particular immune phenotype. Notwithstanding this, co-segregation of multiple mutations, occasional unawareness of mutations, and paucity of homozygotes may lead to erroneous declarations of cause and effect. We sought to improve the selection of authentic causative mutations using a machine learning software tool, Candidate Explorer (CE), which integrates 65 data features into a single numeric score, mathematically convertible to the likelihood of verification of any putative mutation-phenotype association. CE has identified most genes within which mutations can be causative of flow cytometric phenovariation in Mus musculus. The majority of these genes were not previously known to support immune function or homeostasis. Mouse geneticists will find CE data informative in identifying causative mutations within quantitative trait loci, while clinical geneticists may use CE to help connect causative variants with rare heritable diseases of immunity, even in the absence of linkage information. CE displays integrated mutation, phenotype, and linkage data, and is freely available for query online.

This article describes the nature, extent, and ramifications of non-felonies sex crimes (sexual abuse and public lewdness) committed in the New York City subway system. Sex crime on the transit system falls into three categories (1) genital exhibitionism, (2) physical molestation, involving some kind of contact but without resulting in serious physical injury, and (3) physical assault resulting in sexual penetration. Although neither exhibitionism nor genital rubbing (frottage) are confined to the subways, a quality peculiar to the physical setting of the subway makes it a preferred site for both of these types of sex offenders. In 1977, Transit Police Department statistics accounted for roughly 75 percent of New York City's total sexual abuse and public lewdness arrests (comparable figures are available for 1976 and early 1978). This study reviewed transit police records of 2,529 sex crime complaints and arrests made between January 1977 and June 1978. Over one half were in the category of public lewdness cases; somewhat less than half were designated sexual abuse offenses; and relatively few cases (95 total) of rape, attempted rape and sodomy were reported. Offenders were predominatly black and hispanics; victims white, youthful, and unexceptional in looks. Data suggests that the stereotype of the physically innocuous and relatively passive exhibitionist is invalid. Recidivists in the group (150) had a higher rate of prior arrests for assaultive sex crimes (13 percent). Data emerging from statewide arrest records indicated that these recidivists committed a total of 221 violent non-sexual crimes in addition to the rape and sodomy arrests. When both sexually and non-sexually assaultive crime arrests are combined, over 50 percent of the group had prior arrests for assaultive crime. Among those recidivists with prior or subsequent arrests for rape or sodomy, the original non-felonious sex charge was just as likely to have been public lewdness as sexual abuse. Possible pre-disposing factors in the victim population suggest future research. Data tables and footnotes are included.