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Since early antiquity, honey has been utilized worldwide as a balanced meal and in supplementary treatment. It contains over 200 different substances, the majority of which are water, sugars, vitamins, enzymes, amino acids, minerals, and phytochemicals. It has health advantages, including microbial inhibition, healing, and its influence on other disorders. Additionally, it stimulates the immune system and helps immune cells mature. The nutritional value of honey is substantially influenced by the type of plants in the region, the climate, and the production process. Different types of honey were examined by various workers, they found a strong relationship between honey type and HMF, saccharose, and phenolic content, as well as acidity and antioxidant activity. For the level of vitamin C, glucose, and fructose, the combination of variety and manufacturing technique has a substantial influence. The focus of this study is on the biochemical processes and its potential health benefits. However, the precise mechanisms of honey's influence on many illnesses and activities have not yet been fully defined, and more study is necessary to understand their precise contributions.

Chemoprevention with alternative approaches is emerging as a significant component of therapeutic regimen for the management of various diseases in human population including cancer. The concept of personalized nutrition is attracting considerable interest as an effective and affordable strategy in the prevention of chronic diseases. It is acknowledged that diet-derived agents or non-dietary natural products are not only the source of traditional medicines but also the lead compounds for currently used pharmaceuticals with excellent efficacy against a number of human diseases. Achillea species (Asteraceae) are considered as functional foods, which are important constituents of traditional medicine and commonly consumed as herbal tea or food additives worldwide. The studies presented herein demonstrate the effects of the hydro-methanolic extract of A. fragrantissima against a panel of cancer cells that include breast cancer (MDA-MB-231,MCF-7,SKBR3), pancreatic cancer (BxPC-3, MiaPaCa-2), prostate cancer (LNCaP,C4-2B,PC-3), and lung cancer (A549). The experimental results presented in the study show that the extract, which is rich in structurally diverse phytochemicals, effectively inhibits the cell growth and induces apoptotic cell death in human cancer cells. The treatment of the cancer cells with the extract resulted in a progressive decrease in cell migration and invasiveness, demonstrating an effective anti-metastatic activity. The mechanism by which the extract exerts its effects against cancer cells potentially engages NF-κB signaling and downregulation of its target cytokines such as VEGF. The study provides evidence that partially support the importance of functional foods and highlights their significance in disease prevention.

In this chapter, a modest attempt has been made to study the heavy metal contamination including their bio-accumulation and toxic effects in our daily lives. It is the alarming hazards to the environment, especially in the industrial zones, that confirm the attention paid to these contaminants. The authors tried to determine the content of heavy metals (cadmium - Cd, lead - Pb, copper - Cu, zinc - Zn, nickel - Ni, manganese – Mn, and chromium - Cr) in the individual samples of cow milk from the farms in seven different localities. The distribution and dynamics of the determined heavy metals in the milk were recorded at different distances starting from the area of the industrial capacity. All the milk samples were analyzed properly, and the authors did chemical consumption and somatic cells and bacteria inside them. The findings were found within good agreements with others.

Millions of people worldwide are adversely affected by Arsenic continuing exposure, so providing arsenic-free consumption of water is an immense task for the researchers. The chemistry, content of arsenic-contaminated water as well as adsorption play a big role in arsenic elimination. The mechanism of adsorption technology's elimination of As (V) from the water was simply presented as the elements that govern various adsorption paths. The effects of a variety of adsorbents on As (V) elimination from aquatic were explored in the present research, which classified the materials used as adsorbents based on physical, chemical, and biological processes. When choosing an adsorbent, adsorption capability is an important factor to consider. As a result, developing As (V) elimination from aquatic adsorption strategies includes developing environmentally acceptable materials with effectual adsorption abilities, refining the preparation and alteration procedures of recent adsorbents, and boosting renewal effectiveness. After choosing a particular adsorbent for As (V) elimination from water, regional features of arsenic-polluted water, applied viability of the adsorption process, besides suitable environments of respectively material must be extensively reviewed and analyzed. The current study gives an outline of the adsorption technique to remove arsenic from wastewater, as well as the adsorption capacity of various adsorbents.

A lot of Researchers have addressed removing mercury as a pollutant from the wastewaters of several industries. Heavy metals are being removed from wastewater through adsorption on activated carbon, which is becoming additional popular. Although commercial activated carbon is the ideal adsorbent for pollutant elimination, its extensive usage is limited because of its high cost, encouraging researchers to explore alternative effective and low-cost adsorbents. These include activated carbon, polymers, nanoparticles, and low-cost adsorbents. For the remediation of water from mercury, polymers, as well as nanoparticles, which are very effective adsorbents, can be employed. According to a literature review of the most recently published research, polymers and nanoparticles have exhibited exceptional mercury removal capabilities. The present study reviews the different works in which the different adsorbents materials were used to eliminate mercury in the solutions.

Background: Despite the advancement in the fields of medical science and molecular biology, cancer is still the leading cause of death worldwide. Chemotherapy is a choice for treatment; however, the acquisition of chemoresistance is a major impediment for cancer management. Many mechanisms have been postulated regarding the acquisition of chemo-resistance in breast cancer and the impact on cellular signalling and the induction of apoptosis in tumour cells. The mechanism of the apoptotic mutation ofp53 and bcl-2 proteins is commonly associated with increased resistance to apoptosis and, therein, to chemotherapy. Objectives: The current study was aimed to investigate A172 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells’sensitivity against chemotherapeutic drugs, including cisplatin, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel with different doses. Moreover, it estimates resistance of cancer cells by evaluating Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) expression and evaluate its correlation with the expression profile proteins of the apoptosis regulating Bcl-2 family. Methods: Dose-dependent sensitivity to cisplatin, doxorubicin or paclitaxel was evaluated on spheroid cultured A172 and MDA-MB-231 cells lines, was measured by time-lapse microscopy over a 72h period. Expressions of two Nitric Oxide (NO) synthases isoforms (iNOS, eNOS), anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2, phospho-Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and Bcl-xL) and proapoptotic (BID, Bim, Bok, Bad, Puma, and Bax) were evaluated by Western blot. The effect of NO modulation on antiand pro-apoptotic molecule expression was also studied using Western blot. Result: A172 cells show more resistance to chemotherapy drugs than MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, therefore, they need higher doses for apoptosis. Resistance of gliomas might be returned to higher significant expression of endothelial eNOS expression. It was clear that there is not a significant effect of NO modulation on the expression of pro- andantiapoptotic proteins on both cell lines. Conclusion: The present work provides a putative mechanism for the acquisition of drug resistance in breast cancer and glioma, which might be significant for clinical outcomes.

Can be pollen used as a biological indicator of environmental pollution. So this work aims to determine some of the heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, and Cu in bee pollen from different areas in the Pelagonija region. The concentration of heavy metals in pollen depends on the geographical area, plants, and soil. And also, the composition of pollen varies with the source location, source plant, etc. The concentrations of transition metals copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) Lead (Pb) were measured by Gas Chromatography. The samples were collected from four different places, as well as a general picture of the phenomenology of the targeted sites, and accordingly obtained the ecological picture of the possible contamination. Also, the data of the composition of the soil were collected from the same locations, and are taken into consideration. Pollen collected by bees (Apis mellifera Мacedonica sub-species) is used as a bioindicator for further eco monitoring. The concentration of heavy metals contents in pollen is varies from sample to sample, due to the difference in the geographical area, various plants species, and soil. The composition of pollen varies with the source location, source plant, and handling. We have collected samples during the same season from the bee apiaries, located in industrial-urban and rural areas. The availability of heavy metals in plants depends on soil reaction, mineral colloids, soil humidity, microbiological activity, and organic matter content. Hence pollen can be used as a biological indicator of environmental pollution.

The present work based on soil nutrients analysis of covered and uncovered fields nursed with organic fertilizer and cultivated with various crops. Collected the soil from three deep bottoms (5 cm, 15 cm, and 30 cm), mixed, and prepared five different samples. Calculated the pH value, electrical conductivity, and the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium, the humus of the collected soil samples and documented all the parameters. The results showed that the soil has moderately high pH values (7.9 in the greenhouse and 7.5 in the uncovered area), the E.C of greenhouse (4.1dS/m) is slightly lower than the uncovered area (4.8dS/m), nitrogen (6.3% than in the uncovered field 4.7%), relatively high concentration of phosphorus (5.16 mg/100g in the greenhouse uncovered field 4.67 mg/g), relatively high potassium values (39.04mg/100g in the greenhouse and 36.30 mg/g in the uncovered area) and high values of humus (12.7 % in the greenhouse and 9.1 % in the uncovered area). Concluded that the soil is saturated in the greenhouse with phosphorus and Potassium, no need to further fertilizations in the forthcoming years, and thegreenhouse is better for crop cultivation.

The present work is focussed to determine the Macedonian white brined cheese’s free amino acid profile. Four variants of the Macedonian white brined cheese to analyze and determine free amino acid concentration; cheese samples define the Macedonian white brined cheese as a typical cheese. All free amino acids were specified, except the amino acid tyrosine. The detected amino acids in the tested cheese variants were present in different but approximate parameter values. The estimated essential free amino acids, the concentration of lysine was found highest in all examined samples with values from 26.40 ± 0.02 mg% to 28.20 ± 0.04 mg% and the concentration of threonine was the lowest from 3.19 ± 0.02 mg% to 3.32 ± 0.02 mg%). In the detected unessential free amino acids, the concentration of aspartic amino acid was highest in all the samples with values from 11.02 ± 0.05 mg% to 11.32 ± 0.03 mg% and the concentration of proline was at the lowest level from 4.16 ± 0.06 mg% to 4.22 ± 0.04 mg%.

A modest attempt has been made for the synthesis of hydrazoneoxime ligands bearing pyrazolone group (1-4) and their successive metal complexes such as: 1(a-c), 2(a-c), 3(a-c) and 4(a-c). The precursor (1Z,2E)-2-(hydroxyimino) ethanehydroximohydrazide (GH2) was obtained through coupling of (1Z,2E)-N-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyimino) ethanimidoyl chloride and hydrazinium hydroxideto generate hydrazonoxime compounds bearing the pyrazolone group. The ligands (1-4) were reacted with MX2.nH2O, where M = Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) to obtain the successive metal coordinated compounds into good yields. The ligands and their metal complexes were investigated by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements.Tautomerism in the ligands is investigated spectroscopically and biological activities are evaluated as well. Finally, the findings of present study were found within good egreement with other workers.

In the present work, an improved class of protein functionalized fluorescent 2D Ti

Depending on the geochemical forms, heavy metal (HM) accumulation is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world and poses negative impacts on soil, plants, animals, and humans. Although the use of biochar to remediate contaminated soils is well known, the huge quantities of waste used and its recycling technique to sustain soil in addition to its use conditions are determinant factors for its characteristics and uses. A pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design to evaluate metal forms and their availability under the application of garden waste biochar (GB) pyrolyzed at different temperatures, and a sequential extraction procedure was designed to fractionate Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu of the contaminated soil. The results show that the TCLP-extractable Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu were significantly decreased depending on the biochar addition rate, pyrolysis temperature, and tested metal. The acid extractable fraction was significantly decreased by 51.54, 26.42, 16.01, and 74.13% for Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu, respectively, at the highest application level of GB400 compared to untreated pots. On the other hand, the organic matter bound fraction increased by 76.10, 54.69, 23.72, and 43.87% for the corresponding metals. The Fe/Mn oxide bound fraction was the predominant portion of lead (57.25–62.84%), whereas the acid fraction was major in the case of Cd (58.06–77.05%). The availability of these metals varied according to the application rate, pyrolysis temperature, and examined metals. Therefore, the GB is a nominee as a promising practice to reduce HM risks, especially pyrolyzed at 400 °C by converting the available fraction into unavailable ones.

The co-precipitation and in situ modified Hummers’ method was used to synthesize Nickel Spinal Ferrites (NiFe) nanoparticles and NiFe coated with Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide (TRGO) (NiFe-TRGO) nanoparticles, respectively. By using polyvinyl chloride (PVC), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and NiFe-TRGO, the nanocomposite film was synthesized using the solution casting technique with a thickness of 0.12–0.13 mm. Improved electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency was obtained in the 0.1–20 GHz frequency range. The initial assessment was done through XRD for the confirmation of the successful fabrication of nanoparticles and DC conductivity. The microstructure was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. The EMI shielding was observed by incorporating a filler amount varying from 5 wt.% to 40 wt.% in three different frequency regions: microwave region (0.1 to 20 GHz), near-infrared (NIR) (700–2500 nm), and ultraviolet (UV) (200–400 nm). A maximum attenuation of 65 dB was observed with a 40% concentration of NiFe-TRGO in nanocomposite film.

Discouraging statistics of cancer disease has projected an increase in the global cancer burden from 19.3 to 28.4 million incidences annually within the next two decades. Currently, there has been a revival of interest in nutraceuticals with evidence of pharmacological properties against human diseases including cancer. Diet is an integral part of lifestyle, and it has been proposed that an estimated one-third of human cancers can be prevented through appropriate lifestyle modification including dietary habits; hence, it is considered significant to explore the pharmacological benefits of these agents, which are easily accessible and have higher safety index. Accordingly, an impressive embodiment of evidence supports the concept that the dietary factors are critical modulators to prevent, retard, block, or reverse carcinogenesis. Such an action reflects the ability of these molecules to interfere with multitude of pathways to subdue and neutralize several oncogenic factors and thereby keep a restraint on neoplastic transformations. This review provides a series of experimental evidence based on the current literature to highlight the translational potential of nutraceuticals for the prevention of the disease through consumption of enriched diets and its efficacious management by means of novel interventions. Specifically, this review provides the current understanding of the chemopreventive pharmacology of nutraceuticals such as cucurbitacins, morin, fisetin, curcumin, luteolin and garcinol toward their potential as anticancer agents.

The epidemic COVID-19 is the utmost dreadful disaster of current human life that led to public health's global health as a major health care issue. Patients of COVID-19 have the signs, for instance, fever, dry cough, dyspnoea, sore throat, nasal congestion, besides glassy lung opacities. The infection of COVID-19 has two immune protective and damaging phases, and physicians attempt to improve the patient immune reactions. Vitamin D has various ways of action to reduce infection risk and death and has beneficial effects on viral infections. Supplementation of vitamin D during infection conditions of COVID 19 is still controversial. Scientific investigations are required to define improved cut-offs for vitamin D levels and, finally, which quantity will be better as supplementations. Most of the works showed the people who are deficient in Vitamin D are more prone to infection. Broad familiarity with Vitamin D will make it supportive and protective for health. The present study focused on the worth of Vitamin D for the immune role, its presence in optimal amounts, and its effectiveness in COVID 19. Sun exposure synthesizes vitamin D in the human body, which ultimately enhances immunity, and protects from many viral infections, including COVID-19.

An attempt has been made to find some valuable information for particle detection with the help of Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs). The detector is characterized by a critical value of the energy-loss rate by the charged particle. Only those charged particles which give up energy exceeding the critical value alone can produce teachable tracks. The detection thresholds of nuclear track detectors can be specified in terms of their energy loss rates. The findings have been found within a good agreement with the other works.

A batch equilibrium system was utilized to examine methylene blue (MB) adsorption on prepared NiO and CuO nanoparticles (NPs). Different factors affecting the adsorption performance of NiO and CuO ...

The application of dye to the surface is one of the varieties of technological processes in engineering. This operation is very important for the manufacture of various details and finished products. Therefore, quality control is an important element when painting the product. For such control, a methodology for visualizing changes in the properties of a dye is proposed. The input data are spectroscopic data. Next, we propose to carry out wavelet analysis. For this analysis, we use the wavelet coherence. We have shown that the wavelet coherence can be used as a visualization tool of changes in the properties of a dye. We conducted a study for a dye that was applied to various surfaces. We have shown that wavelet analysis makes it possible to distinguish surfaces for one dye.

The foremost grail of this academic indagation is to delineate a mathematical expression of the normalised charge density over a flat disk. Aiming to ensue, firstly, 2 different frameworks have been dealt with to formulate the potential distribution which allows stability of a non-uniform charge distribution. At first, a logical but mathematically toilsome integral method has been approached. Out of the unyielding territory, we reduced the expression into algebraical functions using the Bessel coefficient and Green’s theorem, eventually inferring a new mathematical equivalence. Subsequently, this paper explores beta function as a solving tool of complete elliptic integral so that the normalization of charge apportion leads to 0 gradients of potential. Finally, the article deduces an integral equation whose implicit solution brings into the required charge distribution. The write-up also encounters finding a proximate graphical illustration of the assortment following the CAS system and direction fields. Beyond the conventional approach of real analysis, it facilitates proving the convergence of an acclaimed series. Consequently, it conceives a discussion on image charges for a flat disk. Even a short view of the article’s impact on practical fields of biology and engineering sciences has been included as the denouement. So, it might be of interest to the wide-ranged audience of research scholars in both the fields of physical and mathematical sciences. HIGHLIGHTS Expression of potential at any arbitrary 3D space point due to uniformly charged disk Natural unconstrained normalisation of charge density Implicating trigonometric solution in complete elliptic integral Proving the convergence of a bivariate divergent series Results can be of interest to electrostatic and condensed matter physicist including mathematicians of real analysis GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

UNSTRUCTURED Daily new COVID-19 cases from January to April 2020 demonstrate varying patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission across different geographical regions. Constant infection rates were observed in some countries, whereas China and South Korea had a very low number of daily new cases. In fact, China and South Korea successfully and quickly flattened their COVID-19 curve. To understand why this was the case, this paper investigated possible aerosol-forming patterns in the atmosphere and their relationship to the policy measures adopted by select countries. The main research objective was to compare the outcomes of policies adopted by countries between January and April 2020. Policies included physical distancing measures that in some cases were associated with mask use and city disinfection. We investigated whether the type of social distancing framework adopted by some countries (ie, without mask use and city disinfection) led to the continual dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 (daily new cases) in the community during the study period. We examined the policies used as a preventive framework for virus community transmission in some countries and compared them to the policies adopted by China and South Korea. Countries that used a policy of social distancing by 1-2 m were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of countries that implemented social distancing (1-2 m) only, and the second comprised China and South Korea, which implemented distancing with additional transmission/isolation measures using masks and city disinfection. Global daily case maps from Johns Hopkins University were used to provide time-series data for the analysis. The results showed that virus transmission was reduced due to policies affecting SARS-CoV-2 propagation over time. Remarkably, China and South Korea obtained substantially better results than other countries at the beginning of the epidemic due to their adoption of social distancing (1-2 m) with the additional use of masks and sanitization (city disinfection). These measures proved to be effective due to the atmosphere carrier potential of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Our findings confirm that social distancing by 1-2 m with mask use and city disinfection yields positive outcomes. These strategies should be incorporated into prevention and control policies and be adopted both globally and by individuals as a method to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background Daily new COVID-19 cases from January to April 2020 demonstrate varying patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission across different geographical regions. Constant infection rates were observed in some countries, whereas China and South Korea had a very low number of daily new cases. In fact, China and South Korea successfully and quickly flattened their COVID-19 curve. To understand why this was the case, this paper investigated possible aerosol-forming patterns in the atmosphere and their relationship to the policy measures adopted by select countries. Objective The main research objective was to compare the outcomes of policies adopted by countries between January and April 2020. Policies included physical distancing measures that in some cases were associated with mask use and city disinfection. We investigated whether the type of social distancing framework adopted by some countries (ie, without mask use and city disinfection) led to the continual dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 (daily new cases) in the community during the study period. Methods We examined the policies used as a preventive framework for virus community transmission in some countries and compared them to the policies adopted by China and South Korea. Countries that used a policy of social distancing by 1-2 m were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of countries that implemented social distancing (1-2 m) only, and the second comprised China and South Korea, which implemented distancing with additional transmission/isolation measures using masks and city disinfection. Global daily case maps from Johns Hopkins University were used to provide time-series data for the analysis. Results The results showed that virus transmission was reduced due to policies affecting SARS-CoV-2 propagation over time. Remarkably, China and South Korea obtained substantially better results than other countries at the beginning of the epidemic due to their adoption of social distancing (1-2 m) with the additional use of masks and sanitization (city disinfection). These measures proved to be effective due to the atmosphere carrier potential of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Conclusions Our findings confirm that social distancing by 1-2 m with mask use and city disinfection yields positive outcomes. These strategies should be incorporated into prevention and control policies and be adopted both globally and by individuals as a method to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.

The study of dye-surfactant interaction is very important in achieving an optimal dyeing process in textile industries. Conductivity measurements of the cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in the presence of bromocresol green dye (BCG) in various solvents were performed, in order to provide insight into the interaction between BCG and CPC. Three critical micelle concentrations (cmc) were observed over the studied CPC concentration range. The observed cmc values of the BCG + CPC system were found to change significantly as a function of BCG concentration. The cmc values of the BCG + CPC system showed U-shaped variation, with increasing temperature in aqueous and propanol media, while decreasing monotonically in ethanol media. The concentration of additives (ethanol, propanol, and propylene glycol) also affected the cmc values significantly. The values of counterion binding (β) were also found to be dependent on the temperature and concentration of additives. Different thermodynamic parameters, e.g. Gibbs free energy (ΔGmo), enthalpy (ΔHmo), and entropy (ΔSmo) changes, as well as their transfer properties associated with micellization of the BCG + CPC system, were determined. The ΔHom and ΔSom values reveal the presence of hydrophobic, ion-dipole, or dipole-diploe interactions amongst employed constituents.