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La coercition reproductive fait référence aux comportements de contrôle et de force infligés afin d'orienter la trajectoire reproductive des femmes. Les conséquences inhérentes sont multiples : grossesses inopportunes, recours accentué aux contraceptifs d’urgence et avortements, dépression.... Malgré ces effets importants, les femmes qui en sont victimes éprouvent souvent de la difficulté à reconnaitre leur expérience comme telle, ce qui contribue à limiter leur recherche de soutien. À travers la théorie du parcours de vie, cette analyse qualitative réalisée auprès de 13 femmes ayant vécu de la coercition reproductive présente comment la reconnaissance d'une telle expérience se déploie à l'intersection de diverses trajectoires de vie. Nos résultats suggèrent que le processus de reconnaissance est intrinsèquement paradoxal, et revêt un caractère à la fois subjectif, intersubjectif, sociohistorique et évolutif. Contrastant nos résultats avec la reconnaissance honnéthienne, des pistes critiques sont formulées en ce qui concerne notamment le déficit de ressources herméneutiques.

Canadian guidelines suggest using a positive, empowering, comprehensive, and safe approach to provide sexual health education (SHE). However, when they do so, decision-makers and educators often favour sexual risk prevention initiatives rather than positive aspects of sexuality. Furthermore, youth often criticize the gap between what they learn in class and what they experience in “real” life. This is particularly true for youth who have experienced sexual dating violence and whose particular needs are little considered in the development of SHE initiatives. The current qualitative study aimed to identify the key principles of SHE from the perspective of adolescent girls who experienced sexual dating violence. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 100 adolescent female participants, aged between 14 and 19 years old, who reported at least one experience of sexual dating violence. Four conceptual categories were created based on participants’ narratives, from which a theorization of SHE key principles was conducted: (1) Consent-Based: SHE should promote the affirmation and respect of sexual desires and boundaries; (2) Positive-Oriented: SHE should promote the legitimization of girls’ sexuality and pleasure; (3) Gender Equality–Focused: SHE should promote gender equality in sexual and romantic relationships; and (4) Developmentally Appropriate: SHE should correspond to the psychosexual development of youth. Results support the relevance of educating about consent, promoting a positive and inclusive approach to sexuality with sexually victimized youth, and involving them in SHE initiatives to better meet their needs. Implications for practice are discussed.

The perinatal period may include domestic violence (DV). In this study, the perinatal period extends from the start of pregnancy to the end of the child’s second year of life. DV places the safety of both mother and child at risk and undermines the mother–child attachment bond. In this article, we look at the challenges for motherhood in a context of domestic violence during the perinatal period (DVPP). In semi-directed interviews, 17 mothers shared their stories of DVPP. Interview questions focused on the trajectory of DVPP, perceptions and occupation of motherhood within two years of childbirth and the associated challenges. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and discussed in a feminist conceptual framework and a parental theoretical model. DVPP negatively influences the experience and practice of motherhood, in addition to increasing parental responsibility to protect the child. Three main themes were noted: 1) A parental experience impoverished by the context of DVPP, caused by an increase in tasks, a weakened bond with the child and a loss of self-confidence; 2) Parenting responsibility in a context of DVPP is expressed as greater vigilance and the need to protect the child from violence; and 3) Parenting practices: the children as targets and victims of violence, resulting in additional child needs that mothers must meet. The results underscore the need for early detection of DVPP and a trauma-informed approach in health services. Specialized support services should be provided to help mothers cope with violence.

Domestic violence during the perinatal period (DVPP) refers to the various ways that women’s partners or ex-partners control and coerce them during pregnancy and the 2 years postpartum. From the descriptions of 17 women with firsthand experience of DVPP, this article reports on its manifestations and the associated contexts. The results reveal escalating violence, diverse forms of violence, and exacerbated consequences over the perinatal period. The contexts that pose additional challenges for the women include financial precariousness and the partner’s substance abuse, and to a lesser extent the residential situation.

Based on the article by Swartz and Lappeman, we propose in this commentary to reflect on three central components linked to the concept of obstetric violence: the withdrawal of intentionality as a founding element of its recognition, the preponderant place given to the perspective of women and those affected by it, as well as the recognition of its sexist, gendered, and systemic character. We also discuss the epistemic injustice associated with obstetric violence. We stress the importance of including both health workers and health systems in the equation, even though they may be offended by the use of the term. We conclude by recalling that significant leadership must be exercised by health care workers and institutions to put an end to this form of violence.

Les recherches sur la violence conjugale ont longtemps ignoré les enfants et les adolescents exposés à ce problème. Ce n’est qu’à partir des années 1980 que les études ont démontré l’étendue des conséquences néfastes de l’exposition juvénile à la violence conjugale. Les études réalisées auprès des adolescents se sont majoritairement intéressées à l’exposition à la violence conjugale comme telle, alors qu’elle est souvent vécue en cooccurrence avec d’autres problèmes parentaux ou familiaux. Cette étude qualitative propose d’explorer les conséquences de ces problèmes sur les adolescents et les perceptions qu’ils en ont. Elle a été réalisée auprès de 11 adolescents âgés de 12 à 16 ans, et les données ont été colligées au moyen d’un tableau recensant les difficultés familiales, présenté aux sujets au cours d’entrevues semi-dirigées. Les résultats ont mis en lumière le degré de compréhension des participants des difficultés familiales, des interactions entre elles, de leurs conséquences sur eux-mêmes et sur les membres de leur famille, ainsi que des autres problèmes qui peuvent aggraver leur exposition à la violence conjugale. Parmi les constats répertoriés, deux paraissent inédits : les difficultés des adolescents à percevoir les effets de la cooccurrence des problèmes et la richesse de leur discours sur les conséquences des problèmes parentaux. Cette étude pourrait ainsi constituer un point d’ancrage pour des recherches futures aussi bien théoriques que cliniques., For a long time, research on intimate partner violence set aside the children and adolescents who are exposed to this problem. It was only in the 1980s that studies began to demonstrate the extent of the negative consequences of exposure to this type of violence. Studies conducted with adolescents pertained mostly to exposure to intimate partner violence in isolation, whereas it is often experienced in cooccurrence with other parental or family problems. This qualitative study proposes an exploration of the experience of adolescents who are exposed to the cooccurrence of violence with parental substance use or mental health problems, to better understand their point of view and better grasp the perceived consequences of this cooccurrence. The study was conducted with eleven 12- to 16-year-old adolescents who were exposed to these forms of cooccurrence. The data were collated by means of a table presenting the family difficulties and of semi-structured interviews. The results highlighted the participants’ degree of understanding of the family difficulties, their perceptions of the links between these problems, the consequences that they themselves and their family members experienced, as well as the difficulties that exacerbated their exposure. Several new findings, such as the adolescents’ difficulties perceiving the cooccurrence and the richness of their narratives on the consequences of the parental problems, were noted. This study could thus constitute an anchoring point for future, theoretical or practical, research.

Reproductive coercion (RC) refers to behaviors that interfere with contraception use or pregnancy and that limit reproductive autonomy. This article presents the results of a qualitative exploratory study of 21 young women in Canada who experienced RC perpetrated by an intimate partner along with the associated consequences. Results reveal that nonconsensual condom removal occurred more often in uncommitted relationships without violence, whereas pressure to become pregnant and pregnancy coercion occurred more often in committed relationships where other forms of violence were also present. Participants reported numerous repercussions on their psychological, sexual, and reproductive health and on their emotional and relational well-being.

The transition to parenthood is a momentous time that has numerous repercussions for new parents, as a couple and as individuals. This qualitative exploratory study examines new parents’ experiences and perceptions of the challenges in assuming the parenting role and maintaining relational well-being. Twenty-three new parent heterosexual or same-sex couples, belonging to various ethnocultural groups, with a child aged from 6 to 18 months, and residing in the Greater Montreal Area (Quebec, Canada) underwent semi-directed dyadic interviews followed by individual interviews. Topics addressed concerned their trajectories before, during, and after the child’s birth. Thematic analysis revealed three central challenges during the transition to parenthood: (1) loss of individuality and couplehood, given the primary identity as parent; (2) parental equality in terms of childcare and the associated tasks: a significant source of irritation; and (3) managing expectations: the influence of social norms and judgments on parental self-development. Gender, the fact of having borne the child or not, and identification as a homoparental family influenced the experience of the transition to parenthood. These challenges were amplified by factors that impeded their adjustment to the new parenting role: fatigue and lack of sleep; social isolation and feelings of solitude; and the work–school–family balancing act. Recommendations aimed at the sharing of tasks, the distribution of parental leave and the gendered nature of maternity are proposed to make new and future parents aware of these game-changing transformations during the transition to parenthood.

Cette recherche qualitative explore les points de vue de mères, de pères et d’adolescents (n = 43) quant aux services reçus pour les problèmes cooccurrents de violence conjugale, de santé mentale et de consommation chez les parents. Les données ont été recueillies par des entrevues semi-dirigées, soutenues d’un outil de cartographie des services utilisés. L’analyse de contenu thématique montre que les participants déploient plusieurs stratégies pour faire face aux problèmes cooccurrents vécus et utilisent diverses ressources d’aide formelle et informelle. Plusieurs recommandations sont proposées pour améliorer l’offre d’aide aux familles en situation de cooccurrence, dont la concertation entre les différentes ressources concernées.

This qualitative study examines the perceptions of mothers, fathers, and adolescents on the relations they see between intimate partner violence, mental health and substances use parental problems that co-occur in their family, and the mothers’ and fathers’ associated parenting challenges. The sample was composed of 43 people (15 mothers, 16 fathers, and 12 adolescents) who were directly affected by the co-occurrence of intimate partner violence and mental health or substances use parental problems. The participants were recruited with the collaboration of public and community organizations in the Province of Québec (Canada). The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and combined with a table detailing the specific problems identified by the participants. A thematic content analysis method was employed to do the coding, and a summary of the results was returned to some participants who agreed to collaborate with the validation of the results. The analysis revealed numerous and diverse relations between the interviewees’ co-occurring problems, but two principal patterns emerged. The first one was chiefly observed in the comments made by mothers and adolescents who saw the co-occurring problems as being the consequence of the intimate partner violence on the mother. The second pattern was largely observed in the fathers’ comments, who explained that the substance use problems came before the intimate partner violence and acted as an aggravating factor. The co-occurrence of intimate partner violence with other parental problems strongly affected the mothers’ and fathers’ parenting, making it more difficult to meet the children’s needs. Considering the complexity and diversity of the experiences and needs of the mothers, fathers, and children in co-occurring situations, future studies should evaluate the services provided to these families and the coordination between the different concerned organizations.

The transition to parenthood (TtoP) is a major life event that brings about significant changes in the sexuality of individuals and couples. This qualitative study documents, from the perspective o...

Reproductive coercion (RC) is a form of violence perpetuated against women. It occurs when male partners adopt behaviors meant to control a woman’s birth control or pregnancy despite her wishes. This amounts to interference with a woman’s autonomy in reproductive decisions. The three main forms of RC are birth control sabotage (including nonconsensual condom removal), pregnancy coercion, and controlling the outcome of a pregnancy. This qualitative exploratory study examines issues in the acknowledgment of RC. Participants were 21 young women in Québec (Canada), who had experienced this form of violence. Results of individual semi-directed interviews reveal that RC can be difficult to acknowledge. A thematic analysis demonstrates that awareness is modulated by the manifestations of RC and by the emotional bond with the perpetrator. Acknowledgment of RC behavior varies according to the form that is experienced: Nonconsensual condom removal is the most readily identified, whereas acknowledgment of pregnancy pressure and pregnancy coercion takes longer, requiring repeated incidents before it is identified as a form of violence. In addition, acknowledgment is facilitated when relationships are casual and uncommitted compared with romantic and committed. Moreover, reading about the issue, confiding in a friend or acquaintance, and finding a new partner who respects one’s reproductive rights facilitate RC acknowledgment. In contrast, not self-identifying as a victim, assuming responsibility for the incident, having a limited understanding of sexual violence, and experiencing other forms of violence with an intimate partner contribute to impede RC acknowledgment. Results are discussed in terms of practical implications for young adults and health care professionals.

Ore texture has been traditionally used by geologists during geological mapping and logging for mine planning. However, using textural information for mineral processing prediction has been rarely explored. In this paper, the correlation between the ore texture (as observed from the surface of drill cores) and the core samples response to lab scale mineral processing operations was studied for the Mont-Wright iron ore deposit (Quebec, Canada). The potential of drill core textures as a geometallurgical indicator was assessed. Through the mineralogical characterization of the Mont-Wright textures, differences were observed in the iron oxides liberation and grain size distribution, and in the iron-by-size pattern associated to each drill core texture. These differences were reflected in the samples processing performance: different trends were observed in the comminution response and iron oxides separability by heavy liquid separation. According to these results, a classification of ore textures calibrated to mineral processing performances was established for the Mont-Wright deposit. This classification is intended to serve as geometallurgical indicator.

In a previous work, the use of drill core texture as a geometallurgical indicator was explored for the Mont-Wright iron ore deposit. At this deposit, the link between texture and mineral performance during comminution and heavy liquid separation was assessed by laboratory tests. Additionally, the micro-texture associated to each macro-texture was characterized by Mineral Liberation Analyzer (MLA). As a result, a classification of drill core textures calibrated to mineral processing performance was established. To integrate the ore mesotexture into predictive block models, a core logging tool for automated textural pattern recognition is being developed. This paper presents the first step in this development: a methodology for the automated recognition of drill core textures. The proposed methodology is based on 2-D digital image analysis of drill cores. Texture information is extracted from digital images using gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and gray level run length matrix (GLRLM). Based on the information provided by these two methods, images were classified into six texture categories using multivariate discriminant analysis. A high classification success was obtained: 88% of the drill core images were correctly classified into their textural pattern category.

Objectifs A l'intersection des violences faites aux femmes et de la sante reproductive, la coercition reproductive (CR) refere a des comportements qui interferent avec la contraception et la planification des naissances et reduisent l'autonomie reproductive des femmes. Malgre la presence reconnue de cette problematique, les resultats de consultations menees aupres des professionnelles de la sante indiquent un manque d'informations sur la CR. Consequemment, ils et elles ne se sentent pas outille(e)s pour identifier, discuter et intervenir sur cette forme de violence conjugale avec les femmes qui les consultent. L'objectif general de ce projet, soutenu par le Secretariat a la condition feminine du Quebec, est d'outiller les professionnel(le)s de la sante qui travaillent aupres des femmes en âge de procreer et des personnes susceptibles d’etre enceintes a reconnaitre et intervenir en contexte de CR. Methodologie Pour ce faire, nous avons mene des groupes de discussion focalisee aupres de professionnels de la sante reproductive et d'intervenantes en violence conjugale afin d’etablir un portrait des connaissances, des attitudes et des competences en ce qui concerne la CR et identifier leurs besoins en matiere de formation. Nous avons par la suite traduit, adapte et developpe des outils de prevention et de sensibilisation pour la CR, qui ont ete valides par des professionnel(le)s de la sante et intervenant(es) sociaux. Resultats Dans le cadre de cette presentation, nous presenterons la demarche de la production des outils, puis nous presenterons les outils crees. Conclusions Ces outils constituent l'une des strategies qui devront etre deployees afin de creer des espaces de consultation susceptibles d'ameliorer la sante reproductive et le bien-etre des femmes qui consultant, mais aussi l'aisance et la capacite des professionel(le.)s de la sante a aborder ces enjeux.

Relationships between victimization, termination of pregnancy (ToP), diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection (STI), and emergency contraceptive use were examined using data from a survey of university students in Montreal, Canada. Female students who had been sexually active in the past two years with at least one male partner were included (n=1,812). Victimization experiences were assessed, and logistic regressions were performed to predict the correlates of lifetime use of emergency contraception, ToP, and ever having been diagnosed with an STI. In this sample, 36.1% reported intimate partner violence (IPV), 8.5% reported sexual assault (SA) and 18.9% reported both SA and IPV. Factors statistically associated with emergency contraceptive use, ToP and STI diagnosis were older age, financial hardship, migratory trajectory, early sexual initiation, and dual victimization. These data indicate that the reproductive health needs of female university students experiencing victimization are unmet. Interventions should focus on victimization screening and enhancing reproductive autonomy.

Objectfs La coercition reproductive (CR) entre partenaires intimes se definit comme un ensemble de comportements de controle et de pouvoir exerce par un partenaire a l'endroit d'un autre, et qui interferent avec la contraception et la planification des naissances [1, 2]. Les femmes ayant frequente une clinique de sante sexuelle et reproductive suite a cette victimisation rapportent un besoin important de soutien et d'information [3]. Toutefois, plusieurs professionnel.les de la sante ont le sentiment de ne pas etre assez informes et outilles pour depister, soutenir et leur venir en aide [4, 5]. Privilegiant le point de vue des femmes ayant ete victimes de CR sur leur trajectoire de soins et de soutien, cette communication vise a repondre a la question suivante: Quelles sont leurs recommandations pour ameliorer les soins qui leur sont destines ? Methodologie S'ancrant dans une methodologie qualitative exploratoire, 21 jeunes femmes âgees victimes de CR entre 18 et 29 ans s'identifiant majoritairement comme heterosexuelles ont participe a un entretien individuel semi-dirige. Resultats Les analyses montrent que plusieurs participantes deplorent le manque de temps qui leur a ete alloue pour la consultation, le caractere impersonnel de leur prise en charge et l'absence d'ecoute et de soutien de la part du personnel medical. Leurs recommandations pour ameliorer les soins de sante adaptes aux vecus de CR peuvent etre regroupees en 2 categories: 1) Sensibiliser les professionnel.les a la CR et 2) Assurer un meilleur referencement vers des ressources de soutien psychosocial. Conclusion Ces resultats sont des pistes de formation continue permettant d'informer sur l'approche de soins sensibles aux traumas et la CR.

Although the occurrence of both spousal and parental violence within the same family has been documented, there are scarcely any data on this phenomenon for Quebec and Canada. In analyzing the data from the 2004 Quebec survey on family violence in the lives of children, conducted with a population sample of 3,148 mothers, this study pursued two goals: to determine what differences exist between three groups in which family violence occurs (spousal violence, parental violence and co-occurrence of the two) and to better document the factors related to the different types of family violence by developing an explanatory model. Ecological analyses revealed major differences between these three groups in every aspect examined. Our findings support the hypothesis that families in which spousal and parental violence co-occur are not qualitatively different from those families in which only spousal or only parental violence occurs, but that they differ in the severity of the cases reported.

International audience

Violence between adolescents during teen pregnancy is relatively new in terms of scientific interest and clinical preoccupations. It is an alarming situation, given that 1) its prevalence ranges from 5 % to 29 % according to the literature; 2) consequences for both the mother's and baby's health are numerous at physical, psychological and sexual levels; 3) scientific and empirical knowledge regarding the phenomenon is limited and diminishes efficacy and relevance of current interventions. It therefore appears of major importance to acquire better knowledge of various ecological factors in order to implement preventative care and services that will allow them as well as their children to thrive in adverse conditions and have access to a safe and supportive environment.

Purpose To investigate whether the socioeconomic status of children and adolescents with asthma is associated with optimal use of asthma medications in a health care system that provides free access to prescribed medications. Methods A cohort of 29,018 children (5–12 y) and adolescents (13–17 y) with asthma was reconstructed from the administrative health database of the Regie de l'assurance maladie du Quebec in Canada. Adherence to the Canadian Asthma Guidelines was compared between low-income patients (patients living in families receiving social assistance) and higher-income patients (patients living in middle-class families with working parents). Both groups of patients had free, universal access to medical care and prescribed medications. Patients were considered adherent if they had: (1) 10 doses or fewer of a short-acting β 2 -agonist (SABA) per week or (2) greater than 10 doses of a SABA per week plus greater than 1,000 μg of beclomethasone chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) per day. A second definition of adherence was used in which the 10 doses of SABA were replaced by 3 doses. Results Our cohort comprised 7,454 adolescents and 21,564 children. Within each definition, low-income adolescents had similar rates of adherence as higher-income adolescents ( p = .08–.4). Low-income children, however, had lower rates of adherence than higher-income children when the first definition of adherence was used (76% vs. 80%; p Conclusion Our study showed that socioeconomic status had a small influence on the likelihood of receiving treatment in adherence with the Canadian Asthma Guidelines among children, whereas no association was detected among adolescents.

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a frequent cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), and recently the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III suggested its diagnosis in the presence of 3 to 5 quantitatively defined markers. Because the consequences of the MS are likely related to the number and diversity of markers, we studied the relation between the number of markers—the MS score—and the degree of abdominal obesity, risk factor profile, and severity of CAD. One thousand one hundred eight subjects of a mostly white population with symptoms of CAD (793 men and 315 women; 58.1 ± 9.8 years of age) were divided into 6 groups based on their MS scores. A low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was the most frequently observed marker, followed by increased blood pressure, triglycerides, waist circumference, and fasting glucose. As the MS score increased so did abdominal obesity, parameters of “nontraditional” dyslipidemia with surrogate markers of dense low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein particles, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, and the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index. Similarly, an increasing MS score was significantly related to more severe coronary angiographic alterations and higher frequencies of unstable angina, myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass grafting. Therefore, the MS score provides a clinically useful index of MS severity and the associated atherosclerotic risk factor profile. It also correlates with the angiographic severity of CAD and its clinical complications.

Les systemes tutoriels intelligents (STI) existants sont, pour la plupart, destines a l'enseignement d'un domaine restreint. Le STI considere dans ce papier s'attaque a l'enseignement d'un domaine entier du savoir. L'enseignement est une activite humaine qui revet un caractere fondamentalement opportuniste. Aussi, le «mecanisme» qu'incarne le STI est percu comme un processus de planification opportuniste au sens de la resolution de problemes en intelligence artificielle. L'architecture du STI presentee ici se situe dans le cadre conceptuel des systemes multiagents. En particulier, on s'interesse a decrire les responsabilites des agents du systeme et a degager quelques elements de semantique sur lesquels peut reposer la communication entre ceux-ci.

La littérature empirique et militante de même que certaines lois dans le domaine de la périnatalité démontrent des faits éloquents : plusieurs femmes vivent des expériences de violence lorsqu’elles accouchent dans des établissements de soins de santé. Cependant, un survol de la littérature permet de constater l’emploi de termes différents pour désigner ces violences. Dans le but de définir les attributs liés au concept de la violence obstétricale, d’en améliorer la compréhension et de contribuer à son opérationnalisation dans les domaines de la recherche et de la pratique clinique, les auteures ont réalisé une analyse conceptuelle inspirée par la démarche méthodologique de Lorraine Olszewski Walker et Kay Coalson Avant et éclairée par l’approche féministe proposée par Judith Wuest. Leur démarche d’analyse permet d’abord d’exposer les différentes utilisations du concept de la violence obstétricale, les attributs qui le définissent, ses antécédents et ses conséquences. Les auteures proposent, par la suite, un cas modèle pour l’illustration de ce concept et une définition s’appuyant sur les éléments centraux qui le composent., The empirical and militant literature, as well as some laws in the field of perinatality, demonstrate eloquent facts : many women experience violence when they give birth at a health care facility. However, a brief overview of the literature reveals the use of different terms to identify this violence. In order to define the attributes pertaining to the concept of obstetrical violence, improve its understanding, and contribute to its operationalization and use in research and clinical practice, the authors have conducted a conceptual analysis inspired by Lorraine Olszewski Walker and Kay Coalson Avant’s methodology, in which they integrated the feminist analysis of Judith Wuest. Their analysis first allows them to illustrate the different uses of the concept of obstetrical violence, determine the defining attributes, as well as its antecedents and its consequences. The authors then propose a case study in order to illustrate the concept as well as a definition based on the central elements that compose it., La literatura empírica y militante, así como algunas leyes en el campo perinatal, demuestran hechos elocuentes : muchas mujeres experimentan la violencia cuando dan a luz en centros de salud. Sin embargo, una descripción general de la literatura revela el uso de diferentes terminologías para designar dicha violencia. Con el objetivo de definir los atributos relacionados con el concepto de la violencia obstétrica, de mejorar su comprensión y de contribuir a su operatividad en los campos de investigación y de práctica clínica, realizamos un análisis conceptual inspirado en la metodología de Walker y Avant, esclarecido por un enfoque feminista. Nuestro enfoque analítico ilustra los diferentes usos de este concepto, los atributos que lo definen, sus antecedentes y sus consecuencias. Proponemos un caso modelo para su ilustración y una definición basada en los elementos centrales que lo componen.

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter une mise à jour sur l’utilisation des méthodes contraceptives, y compris la contraception d’urgence, chez les femmes sexuellement actives qui fréquentent les cégeps et les universités du Québec. Cet article puise dans deux études sur la santé sexuelle menées en milieu collégial et universitaire (ESS-UQAM et PIXEL). Les principaux constats de ces études réalisées auprès d’un échantillon de 1812 universitaires (ESS-UQAM) et d’un échantillon de 921 étudiantes recrutées dans 17 cégeps et 7 universités (PIXEL) révèlent que, globalement, la proportion d’étudiantes québécoises utilisant des méthodes contraceptives efficaces est élevée et que la non-utilisation de contraception est faible (entre 2,9 % et 6 %). L’utilisation de méthodes contraceptives semble varier selon le parcours migratoire et l’orientation sexuelle des étudiantes. Ces résultats sont discutés dans la perspective de faire émerger certains des enjeux actuels en matière de contraception et d’orienter la prise de décision à l’égard d’interventions préventives., This paper presents an update on the uses of contraceptive methods among young sexually active women attending college or university in Quebec. Results, drawn from two surveys of young adults’ sexual health, 1,812 university students (UQAM Study) and 921 students recruited in 17 colleges and 7 universities (PIXEL study), reveal that overall, contraceptive use rates in Quebec are high and the proportion of students who do not use contraception is low, although there are some variability according to migratory pattern and sexual orientation. These findings are discussed with the aim of highlighting some of the current contraceptive issues and guiding decision-making about preventive interventions.

Les fondements théoriques des programmes québécois de prévention précoce interrogent l'orientation normative des chercheurs et des intervenants ainsi que ses effets sur les pratiques démocratiques auprès des familles vivant des difficultés. Nous avançons l'hypothèse selon laquelle les présupposés normatifs des fondements théoriques de la prévention précoce alimentent un fantasme scientiste véhiculé principalement par l'écologie du développement : contrôler l'évolution du développement des cycles de vie par une connaissance technique des schémas interactifs comportementaux. Des objectifs tels que la prévention de la reproduction intergénérationnelle des difficultés d'adaptation sociale chez les jeunes doivent être examinés dans une perspective critique afin de susciter un réel débat sur les fondements éthiques et les conséquences politiques de ces programmes. Ces conséquences sont décrites en ce qui regarde les mères, les jeunes, les pratiques des organismes communautaires, celles des institutions publiques et le contexte démocratique global., The theoretical foundations of Québec's early prevention programs question the researchers and fieldworkers' normative choices and raise the question of the possible impacts on the democratic nature of intervention practices directed towards underprivileged families. The article discusses an hypothesis according to which, the normative postulates of the theoretical foundations of early prevention programs, postulates drawn mostly from the ecology of human development, are used to construct a scientistic fallacy : the control of human development through a technical and instrumental knowledge of behavioral or interactive patterns. Intervention's objectives, like the prevention of the intergenerational reproduction of teenagers' adaptation problems, must be examined from a critical perspective to foster a meaningful debate on the ethical foundations and on the political consequences of these programs implementation. The article concludes with a description of these consequences for mothers, young persons, community-based organizations' practices, public institutions' practices and on the more general democratic context.

Cet article1 présente l’ensemble de la démarche qui a donné lieu à la mise en ligne d’un programme éducatif visant l’enrichissement des relations conjugales et familiales des adultes qui vivent une recomposition familiale. Des recensions des écrits portant à la fois sur les défis vécus par les couples-parents de familles recomposées et les programmes de prévention offerts à cette population ont été réalisées. Les conclusions tirées de ces recensions constituent les fondements du programme d’éducation en ligne La famille recomposée : une équipe à bâtir qui est brièvement décrit dans cet article., This article presents the process that led to the development and implementation of an online education program which aims to help stepfamily couples enrich their relationship as well as the relations in their stepfamily. Reviews of the literature on both the challenges faced by stepfamily couples and parents, and the prevention programs offered to this population, were conducted. The conclusions drawn from these reviews form the basis of the online education program The stepfamily: A team to build which is briefly described in this article.