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We have demonstrated a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) transformation from a two‐dimensional noninterpenetrated layer to a microporous three‐dimensional fourfold interpenetrated MOF. The centrosymmetric [Co2(μ2‐OH)(EIBA)3]n (SNUT‐25) transforms into a microporous [Co(EIBA)2]n (SNUT‐26), which is triggered by the reaction time with DMF that acts as a structure‐directing agent (HEIBA = 4‐(2‐ethyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)benzoic acid; DMF = N,N′‐dimethylformamide). Despite the distinct structure and coordination arrangements of SNUT‐25 in contrast to SNUT‐26, both Co‐MOFs were synthesized using the same ligand. Fascinatingly, upon introducing a specific quantity of DMF combined with a negligible proportion of nitric acid, SNUT‐25 will progressively and completely transform into SNUT‐26. Under the synergistic induction of solvent molecules and temperature, SNUT‐25 changed from the original two‐dimensional layered structure to the three‐dimensional pore structure of SNUT‐26. In addition, SNUT‐25 and SNUT‐26 are efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dye methyl blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. Surprisingly, the degradation rates of both SNUT‐25 and SNUT‐26 can reach over 96%. In addition, SNUT‐25 and SNUT‐26 also exhibited high electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The layered orthorhombic quaternary tellurides EuRECuTe3 (RE = Ho, Tm, Sc) with Cmcm symmetry were first synthesized. Single crystals of the compounds up to 500 μm in size were obtained by the halide-flux method at 1120 K from elements taken in a ratio of Eu/RE/Cu/Te = 1:1:1:3. In the series of compounds, the changes in lattice parameters were in the ranges a = 4.3129(3)–4.2341(3) Å, b = 14.3150(9)–14.1562(9) Å, c = 11.2312(7)–10.8698(7) Å, V = 693.40(8)–651.52(7) Å3. In the structures, the cations Eu2+, RE3+ (RE = Ho, Tm, Sc), and Cu+ occupied independent crystallographic positions. The structures were built with distorted copper tetrahedra forming infinite chains [CuTe4]7− and octahedra [RETe6]9− forming two-dimensional layers along the a-axis. These coordination polyhedra formed parallel two-dimensional layers C u R E T e 3 2 − ∞ 2 . Between the layers, along the a-axis, chains of europium trigonal prisms [EuTe6]10− were located. Regularities in the variation of structural parameters and the degree of distortion of coordination polyhedra depending on the ionic radius of the rare-earth metal in the compounds EuRECuCh3 (RE = Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, Sc; Ch = S, Se, Te) were established. It is shown that with a decrease in the ionic radius ri(RE3+) in the compounds EuRECuTe3, the unit-cell volume, bond length d(RE–Te), distortion degree [CuTe4]7−, and crystallographic compression of layers [RECuTe3]2− decreased. The distortion degree of tetrahedral polyhedra [CuCh4]7−, as well as the structural parameters in europium rare-earth copper tellurides EuRECuTe3, were higher than in isostructural quaternary chalcogenides. Ab initio calculations of the crystalline structure, phonon spectrum, and elastic properties of compounds EuRECuTe3 (RE = Ho, Tm, and Sc) ere conducted. The types and wave numbers of fundamental modes were determined, and the involvement of ions in IR and Raman modes was assessed. The calculated data of the crystal structure correlated well with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outstanding materials and novel device structures are key factors in satisfying the increasing demand for energy storage. Li‐ion capacitors, as one typical model of asymmetric supercapacitors, benefit from the battery's ultrahigh specific energy and supercapacitor's superlarge specific power to meet the balanced electrochemical energy storage requirements. The inherent and irreplaceable advantages make spinel lithium titanate an optimal candidate for power batteries and Li‐ion capacitors. However, upstream market volatility, including price spikes and supply shortages, tremendously threatens spinel lithium titanate's production, sale, and application. Lithium hydroxide hydrate is an alternative raw material to synthesize spinel lithium titanate synthesis, which can help address these concerns. The indirect production path generates high‐quality lithium carbonate as an intermediate product. Spinel lithium titanate is synthesized preferably via another economically and technically more efficient method that skips the isolation step after carboxylation. The electrochemical performance of the resulting spinel lithium titanate is evaluated to be better than that of commercial competitors. The spinel lithium titanate negative electrode‐based lithium‐ion capacitor achieves a specific energy of 89.5 Wh kg−1. These results demonstrate the success of efforts to find a feasible and affordable synthesis route to mitigate market risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi‐based semiconducting materials have received tremendous attention due to their availability, non/low toxicity, ecological friendship, rich chemical forms, and good visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic performance. As compared to the commonly investigated trivalent bismuth (Bi(III))‐based photocatalysts, non‐trivalent bismuth‐based materials (NTBBMs), such as BiO2−x, Bi2O4−x, Bi4O7, NaBiO3, and so on, exhibit excellent visible‐light‐ and even full‐spectrum‐driven photocatalytic activity as they hold narrow bandgap, suitable positions of conduction band and valence band, and relatively redox‐sensitive structures. In this review, it is attempted to summarize the recent progress in the preparation, microstructures, and modification strategies of various NTBBMs‐based photocatalysts. At the end, the advantages and disadvantages of NTBBMs‐based photocatalysts and future perspectives are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic hydrosilylation is one of the important synthetic approaches to prepare functional organosilicon polymers. Herein, a functional silicon copolymer is constructed by polyhydrosilylation reaction between a novel 3,7‐bis(dimethyl silane)‐10‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐10H‐phenothiazine monomer and a neutral tetrapyrrolic macrocycle, namely, 5,5,10,15,15,20‐hexamethyl‐10α, 20α‐bis(4‐[ethynylphenyl]) calix[4]pyrrole. The as‐constructed copolymer (Mn = 9609, PDI = 2.2) is investigated as an extractant for organic anions as their tetrabutylammonium salts under interfacial aqueous‐organic (water‐chloroform) conditions. In this context, a distinctive naked‐eye colorimetric as well as fluorescence detection method is developed based on anion‐directed hydrogen‐bonding interactions. This kind of color/fluorescence monitoring serves as a handy tool for rapid screening of anion extraction processes. The copolymer exhibits high selectivity toward extraction of chloride anion. This study augments the field of polycarbosilanes, poly(silylenevinylene)s in particular, allowing access to a new application window that can be further advanced with good grace in near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABX3 halide–perovskites (HPs) have emerged as promising alternatives for optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent properties and low cost. Generally, A is either Cs or an organic molecule while B is Pb, or Sn and X = I, Br, or Cl. Here, ab initio calculations on K‐based new HP with X as a mixture of F and Cl are performed. Solid‐state synthesis leads to a mixed‐KPbF2Cl HP with an orthorhombic structure as determined from X‐ray diffraction and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The high formation energy (−0.546 eV atom−1) shows excellent stability of this HP. Scanning electron microscopy reveals rodlike structures while X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy is performed for chemical analysis. Diffuse reflectance shows it to have a wide bandgap of ≈4 eV, in good agreement with the band‐structure calculations. Further, a strong photoluminescence peak is found at ≈340 nm for radiative recombination of free excitons along with a broad emission peaking at ≈450 nm owing to the involvement of self‐trapped excitons associated with lattice distortion. The finding of this stable HP can lead to high‐frequency applications, along with other applications such as transparent and low‐loss optical windows, prisms, etc., as well as development of novel optical materials by doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recreational and leisure activities significantly contribute to the well-being of older adults, positively impacting physical, cognitive, and mental health. However, limited mobility and cognitive decline often impede access to these activities, particularly for individuals living with dementia. With the increasing availability of digital technologies, there is a rising interest in using technology to deliver recreation and leisure activities for cognitively impaired individuals, acknowledging its potential to provide diverse experiences. The COVID-19 pandemic further highlighted the need for virtual program delivery, especially for individuals in long-term care settings, leading to the development of tools like the Dementia Isolation Toolkit aimed at supporting compassionate isolation. To better support future implementations of the DIT, our rapid scoping review explores evidence-based, technology-enabled recreation programs for older adults with cognitive impairments, which promote well-being. Objective: We conducted a rapid scoping review of published peer-reviewed literature to answer the following research question: What recreation and leisure programs or activities are being delivered using technology to adults living with dementia or another form of cognitive impairment? Methods: In total, 6 databases were searched by an Information Specialist. Single reviewers performed title or abstract review, full-text screening, data extraction, and study characteristic summarization. Results: A total of 92 documents representing 94 studies were identified. The review identified a variety of technology-enabled delivery methods, including robots, gaming consoles, tablets, televisions, and computers, used to engage participants in recreational and leisure activities. These technologies impacted mood, cognition, functional activity, and overall well-being among older adults with cognitive impairments. Activities for socializing were the most common, leveraging technologies such as social robots and virtual companions, while relaxation methods used virtual reality and digital reminiscence therapy. However, challenges included technological complexity and potential distress during reminiscing activities, prompting recommendations for diversified research settings, and increased sample sizes to comprehensively understand technology's impact on leisure among this demographic. Conclusions: The findings suggest that technology-enabled recreational activities, such as socializing, relaxation and self-awareness activities, music and dance, exergaming, and art, can positively impact the mood and overall well-being of older adults with cognitive impairment. Future research should embrace a more inclusive approach, integrating design, diverse settings, and a broader sample of older adults to develop technology-driven leisure activities tailored to their unique needs and promote their effective use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nonadherence to medication among patients with cardiovascular diseases undermines the desired therapeutic outcomes. eHealth interventions emerge as promising strategies to effectively tackle this issue. Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare and rank the efficacy of various eHealth interventions in improving medication adherence among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods: A systematic search strategy was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Library (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (Weipu), and WanFang databases to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from their inception on January 15, 2024. We carried out a frequentist NMA to compare the efficacy of various eHealth interventions. The quality of the literature was assessed using the risk of bias tool from the Cochrane Handbook (version 2.0), and extracted data were analyzed using Stata16.0 (StataCorp LLC) and RevMan5.4 software (Cochrane Collaboration). The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Results: A total of 21 RCTs involving 3904 patients were enrolled. The NMA revealed that combined interventions (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.89, 95% CI 0.22-1.57), telephone support (SMD 0.68, 95% CI 0.02-1.33), telemonitoring interventions (SMD 0.70, 95% CI 0.02-1.39), and mobile phone app interventions (SMD 0.65, 95% CI 0.01-1.30) were statistically superior to usual care. However, SMS compared to usual care showed no statistical difference. Notably, the combined intervention, with a surface under the cumulative ranking curve of 79.3%, appeared to be the most effective option for patients with CVDs. Regarding systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure outcomes, the combined intervention also had the highest probability of being the best intervention. Conclusions: The research indicates that the combined intervention (SMS text messaging and telephone support) has the greatest likelihood of being the most effective eHealth intervention to improve medication adherence in patients with CVDs, followed by telemonitoring, telephone support, and app interventions. The results of these network meta-analyses can provide crucial evidence-based support for health care providers to enhance patients' medication adherence. Given the differences in the design and implementation of eHealth interventions, further large-scale, well-designed multicenter trials are needed. Trial Registration: INPLASY 2023120063; https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2023-12-0063/ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is a growing concern in Saudi Arabia, impacting even well-educated parents. The decision-making process involves various factors such as accessibility, trustworthy information, and the influence of social networks, reflecting a complex interplay of emotional, cultural, social, spiritual, and political dimensions. Objective: This review seeks to evaluate the prevalence and trends of vaccine hesitancy, identify contributing factors, and explore potential solutions to enhance immunization rates. This review aligns with global concerns, as the World Health Organization has identified vaccine hesitancy as a top global health threat. Methods: Our systematic review will follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study) criteria for comprehensive assessment. We will conduct a thorough search across various databases, encompassing a wide range of vaccines, and pay special attention to vaccination campaigns and refusals. Inclusion criteria involve descriptive, observational, and analytical studies focusing on factors influencing vaccine acceptance or hesitancy. The study will use the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool for quality assessment and perform a narrative synthesis to summarize findings thematically. Results: This systematic review is expected to unveil the prevalence and trends of vaccine hesitancy in diverse populations in Saudi Arabia, shedding light on cultural, religious, and social factors contributing to hesitancy. It aims to assess the effectiveness of implemented strategies, enable regional and global comparisons, and provide implications for tailored vaccination policies. Additionally, the review may pinpoint research gaps, guiding future investigations to address and mitigate vaccine hesitancy effectively. Conclusions: The findings are expected to have direct policy implications and guide interventions to strengthen vaccination programs and improve public health outcomes. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/54680 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Care robots have been proposed in response to nursing shortages in assisted living facilities (ALFs) and the growing population of older adults. While the use of care robots may improve the general health and well-being of older adults, their introduction changes the work of nursing staff fundamentally, and it has implications for the entire health care system. In developing such technology, it is important to include end users, but so far, the nursing staff's perspectives have largely been ignored. Objective: This study aims to examine the literature on nursing staff's attitudes, needs, and preferences related to the use of care robots in ALFs, in order to discover gaps in the literature and guide future research. Methods: This review follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 protocol. On May 12, 2023, we searched PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PsycINFO, the IEEE Xplore Digital Library, and the ACM Digital Library using predetermined search terms. Included publications, written in English, focused on the predevelopment phase, in which information was gathered on nursing staff's attitudes, needs, and preferences regarding care robots for ALFs. Publications were excluded if they did not provide peer-reviewed empirical data. The studies' findings were summarized, coded, and analyzed into major themes using thematic analysis and narrative synthesis. Their quality was assessed using McGill University's Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools. Results: The final sample included 15 studies. Most of the studies (n=11, 73%) were rated as good quality; however, there was a general lack of reporting on important methodological decisions and sample characteristics. Nursing staff desired care robots that could assist with physically demanding tasks and reduce their workload but had mixed feelings on whether robots could or should assist with social tasks. In addition, nursing staff are concerned about the ethics of care robots, as well as about their safety, accessibility, and operability. The nursing staff's culture, qualification, and role in the facility may influence their perspectives of care robots. The studies lacked theory-driven designs and large sample sizes. Eight (53%) studies mentioned using a participatory design approach, but a lack of established criteria for what constitutes participatory design leads to varying degrees of methodological quality. Conclusions: There was consensus among nursing staff that care robots should serve as nursing assistants to reduce workload. Whether robots could or should assist with social tasks remains a question. Further research is needed to mitigate nursing staff's concerns and understand the socioecological factors that influence their perspectives of care robots and their adoption in ALFs. In addition, theory-driven and large sample size study designs are necessary, as well as work to develop clear criteria for related participatory design research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-based metal halide perovskite materials have been rapidly developed for light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and photodetectors owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Nevertheless, the presence of lead in these materials raises critical concerns regarding their environmental impact and potential toxicity, hindering their commercial development. In response to these concerns, researchers have devoted considerable effort toward the development of environmentally friendly perovskites. In this review, the theoretical evolution path and characteristics of lead-substituted perovskites are first emphasized, as they contribute to the development of high-performance lead-free halide perovskites. Additionally, the current investigation of lead-less and lead-free perovskites including synthesis, optoelectronic properties, and applications is systematic summarized. Notably, the positive effects of both lead-less and lead-free perovskites on structure, optoelectronic properties, and associated devices in comparison to their lead-based counterpart are emphasized. Finally, potential opportunities and challenges for future research into environmentally friendly perovskites and their applications are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic technology is considered as one of effective approaches to address increasingly serious problems of environment and energy. To boost the photocatalytic efficiency, the innovative cocatalysts have been extensively explored and investigated in recent years. Mo2C MXene as a new two‐dimensional layer cocatalyst is gained increasing attentions for promoting photocatalytic performance owing to high specific surface area, excellent hydrophilic surface, outstanding metallic conductivity, and flexible adjustability of Mo sites. However, compared with the traditional Ti3C2 MXene cocatalyst, Mo2C MXene has not been fully investigated and systematically summarized in the published articles in the photocatalytic field. In this review, the recent advances about synthesis, modification, photocatalytic applications, and our outlook of the Mo2C MXene cocatalyst are comprehensively summarized. First, the synthetic methods of Mo2C MXene are introduced, including top‐down route and down‐top route. Moreover, four modification strategies (constructing heterojunction, doping heteroatom, controlling morphology, and modifying termination) of Mo2C MXene are illustrated. Subsequently, the photocatalytic applications of Mo2C MXene cocatalyst in H2 production, CO2 reduction, and pollutants degradation are thoroughly discussed. Finally, the crucial challenges and important outlooks of Mo2C MXene cocatalysts for photocatalytic solar‐to‐fuel conversion are proposed to deliver novel insights and design high‐efficiency Mo2C MXene cocatalyst‐modified photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar‐driven water evaporation is considered one of the most promising technologies to simultaneously address the energy crisis and freshwater scarcity. Developing efficient evaporators is highly sought after. Here, a strategy to realize the rapid polymerization of pyrrole and the uniform deposition of carbon dots‐polypyrrole (CDs‐PPy) on Balsa substrate is reported by using CDs solution obtained from the exfoliation of coal pitch with HCOOH/H2O2 as the trigger. This unreacted HCOOH/H2O2 in CDs solution, which gets well reused, can act as the oxidant to oxidize pyrrole, and also play a certain role in removing unstable hemicellulose from Balsa that produces more pores on cell walls. This method also avoids the formation of large PPy aggregates and enables CDs to be incorporated into the polymeric PPy. The obtained Balsa supported CDs‐PPy (CDs‐PPy/Balsa) with high uniformity well preserves the interconnected microporous structure of Balsa. Compared to Balsa supported PPy (PPy/Balsa) synthesized via the conventional polymerization method of pyrrole using ammonium persulfate as an oxidant in HCl aqueous medium, the obtained CDs‐PPy/Balsa evaporator with high physicochemical stability and salt resistance ability shows superior solar‐driven water evaporation performance. These favorable features can lead CDs‐PPy/Balsa to a greater use in practical solar‐driven water evaporation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐throughput computational screening and machine learning hold significant potential for exploring diverse chemical compositions and discovering novel inorganic solids. However, the complexity of point defects, which occur in all inorganic solids and are often crucial to their functionality and synthesizability, presents significant challenges. Here, this study presents a defect‐chemistry‐trained, interpretable machine learning approach, designed to accelerate the exploration and discovery of unconventional proton‐conducting inorganic solid electrolytes. By considering dopant dissolution and hydration reactions, the machine learning models provide quantitative predictions and physical interpretations for synthesizable host–dopant combinations with hydration capabilities across various structures. Utilizing these insights, two unconventional proton conductors, Pb‐doped Bi12SiO20 sillenite and eulytite‐type Sr‐doped Bi4Ge3O12, are discovered in the first two synthesis trials. Notably, the Pb‐doped Bi12SiO20 represents an unprecedented class of proton‐conducting electrolyte composed solely of groups 14 and 15 cations and featuring a sillenite structure. It exhibits unique and fast 3D proton conduction along a loosely bonded BiO5 network. This study demonstrates an efficient approach for exploring novel inorganic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, metal‐organic frameworks, especially MOF‐based derivatives, have been regarded as one of the best candidate electrode materials for the next generation of advanced materials, due to high porosity, large surface area, modifiable functional groups as well as controllable chemical composition. This review presents the corresponding synthesis methods, structural design, and electrochemical performance of MOF‐derived materials, including metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal phosphides, and carbon materials, in high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries. Subsequently, the problems that exist in the current application of MOF‐based derivatives as electrodes in lithium‐ion batteries are discussed along with possible and feasible solutions. At last, some reasonable pathways and strategies for the design of MOF derivatives are also suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene is a 2D honeycomb lattice consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms. Graphene has become one of the most preferred materials for sensor development due to its exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics. Nonetheless, little consideration is given to the production and use of crumpled graphene. Specifically, the crumpled graphene structure is a good choice for enhancing sensors' sensitivity and structural deformability by reducing interfacial stress, avoiding electrical failure, and enhancing surface areas. This review article provides an overview of various synthesis processes using crumpled graphene and specifies a brief idea to control crumpled formation in graphene structure for sensing applications in recent years. Furthermore, it summarizes the problems encountered in previously published research articles during the fabrication and performance of sensors with a brief discussion of fundamental mechanics and topological aspects concerning crumpling patterns with sensing performance. It also highlights the current status of crumpling techniques and their effects on developing different sensors using existing crumpling methods, controlled crumpling designs, and sensing methodologies for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, 2D materials—MaXb with different compositions and phases have attracted tremendous attention due to their diverse structures and electronic features. The common thermodynamically stable 2H and metastable 1T phases have been extensively studied, however, there are many unusual compositions and phases with novel physical properties that have yet to be explored. Therefore, summarization of the synthesis strategies, atomic structures, and the unique physical properties of 2D materials with different compositions and phases is very important for their development. In this review, the strategies including chemical vapor deposition, intercalation, atomic layer deposition, chemical vapor transport, and electrostatic gating for synthesizing various 2D materials with different phases and compositions are first summarized. Specially, the intercalation strategies including heterogeneous‐ and self‐intercalation for controllable phases and compositions fabrication are mainly discussed. Then, the novel atomic structures of 2D materials are analyzed, followed by the fascinating physical properties including ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, superconductivity, and so on. Finally, the conclusion and outlook are offered including the challenges and future prospects of 2D materials with different compositions and phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The involvement of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DP), double bond migration, metathesis, and nitrile oxide (including in situ-generated nitrile oxide) as dipoles, together with the C=C bond containing dipolarophiles, in the syntheses of 2-isoxazolines is presented. Methods for synthesizing isoxazolines (other than 1,3-DP cycloaddition) were also presented briefly. Various methods of nitrile oxide preparation, especially in situ-generated procedures, are presented. Special attention was paid to the application of various combinations of 1,3-DP cycloaddition with double bond migration (DBM) and with alkene metathesis (AM) in the syntheses of trisubstituted isoxazolines. Allyl compounds of the type QCH2CH=CH2 (Q = ArO, ArS, Ar, and others) play the role of dipolarophile precursors in the combinations of DPC mentioned, DBM and AM. Mechanistic aspects of cycloadditions, i.e., concerted or stepwise reaction mechanism and their regio- and stereoselectivity are also discussed from experimental and theoretical points of view. Side reactions accompanying cycloaddition, especially nitrile oxide dimerization, are considered. 2-Isoxazoline applications in organic synthesis and their biological activity, broad utility in medicine, agriculture, and other fields were also raised. Some remaining challenges in the field of 1,3-DP cycloaddition in the syntheses of isoxazolines are finally discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homoleptic cyanide compounds exist of almost all main group elements. While the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals form cyanide salts, the cyanides of the lighter main group elements occur mainly as covalent compounds. This review gives an overview of the status quo of main group element cyanides and cyanido complexes. Information about syntheses are included as well as applications, special substance properties, bond lengths, spectroscopic characteristics and computations. Cyanide chemistry is presented mainly from the field of inorganic chemistry, but aspects of chemical biology and astrophysics are also discussed in relation to cyano compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short Introduction, we introduce the new submission form of Syntheses. The goal of Syntheses is to provide a summary and expansion of 6–8 articles on a selected topic within Culture & Psychology. The articles should not be restricted to any time point, and the first author of the Syntheses must be a master's level student or below. Topical syntheses are welcome but are not required. Syntheses articles should be short in length, with a maximum of 2500 words, inclusive of references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Van der Waals layered indium selenide (InSe) is an emerging star of the 2D semiconducting materials because of its excellent fundamental properties, such as ultrahigh carrier mobility, layer‐tunable bandgap, large elastic deformability, and rich polytypes. In addition, 2D layered indium selenide has demonstrated outstanding device performance including photodetector, field‐effect transistor, memory and synapse, mechanical and gas sensor, which has offered a new chance to next‐generation electrical and optoelectronic devices. This review presents a comprehensive summary of recent progress in 2D layered indium selenide. The novel fundamental properties and synthetic methods are summarized. Also, the indium selenide‐based state‐of‐the‐art electronic/optoelectronic devices, such as a functional field‐effect transistor, photodetector, and mechanical and gas sensors are systematically summarized. The techniques to enhance the performances of devices are also discussed. Finally, a brief discussion on the challenges and future opportunities as a guideline for this field is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasingly depleted fossil fuels have brought unprecedented energy crises and environmental hazards, so the developments of novel renewable clean energy resources have become an urgent need for social development. In recent years, the rise in 2D nanomaterials has brought new hope for energy conversion and storage. These unique 2D nanomaterials have a large specific surface area and a high surface atomic ratio. Among many energy solutions, the photo‐/electrocatalytic process of hydrogen production is widely studied as practical applications of energy conversion. Hydrogen evolution reaction is the conversion of solar energy into hydrogen energy. The design and synthesis of high‐efficiency hydrogen production photo‐/electrocatalysts are particularly important for improving energy conversion performance that has become a hotspot for scientists to study in pursuit of this goal. The stabilization of metal‐phase 1T‐MS2 (M = molybdenum/tungsten), its heterojunction liquid‐phase synthesis, photocatalytic properties, and the supercapacitor properties of the synthesized structure is studied. For use in supercapacitors, transition metal dichalcogenides‐based materials including metallic and semiconducting phases have gained great scientific interest. The large specific area and sheet‐like morphology allow layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) nanomaterials to store charges by intrasheet and intersheet double layers over individual layers of TMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] The paper was to synthesize and describe a new 3D structure of a mew metal organic framework, and to provide new materials for the study of interdisciplinary. [Methods] A mixture of H4L =2, 6-di (2', 4'-dicarboxylphenyl)pyridine, bimb =4, 4'-bis (im-idazole-1 -ylmethyl) biphenyl), Co (NO,) 2 • 6Hj0 were added to the solution of DMF= H2 0 =4=2 and heated at 433 K for 4 d. [ Results] Purple block crystals of the Co-compound were obtained (yield 83.6%, based on Co). [Conclusions] The crystal data are obtained as follows; C31H36Co2N7O9, Triclinic, P-1, a=9.916 (8) Â, b = 15.926 (14) Â, c = 15.945 (13) Â, «=113.913 (13) °, ß =93.929 (9)°, 7=95.033 (3) °, V=2 278 (3)A3, 2=2, R =0.080 3 (6446), wl- =0.210 6 (10 370), T=296 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As people around the world regard 2020 as the year of COVID-19, the medical community considers this year to be the second-best year, shared with the year 1996, with respect to the number of drug molecules approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Both years, 2020 and 1996, had a record of 53 new drug molecules approved by the FDA. In the year 2020, 53 new chemical entities and 13 biological medicines were approved, including 10 monoclonal antibodies, 2 antibody-drug conjugates, 3 peptides, and 2 oligonucleotides. Among them, most of the compounds were found to have fluorine or fluorine-containing functional groups exhibiting numerous pharmacological activities. Herein, we summarized the trifluoromethyl (TFM, -CF3)-group-containing FDA-approved drugs for the last 20 years. This article specially features and details the previous 20-year literature data, covering CF3-incorporated potential drug molecules, including their syntheses and uses for various diseases and disorders. The review covers the detailed chemistry of 19 FDA-approved drugs in the past 20 years, which contains the TFM group as one of the pharmacophores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The controlled synthesis of subnanometer‐sized metal clusters (MCs) presents a fascinating prospect for the research of size‐dependent properties. In this study, a facile approach by employing porous racemic organic cage crystals as supports for immobilizing a broad range of noble MCs (e.g., Ru, Ir, Rh) is reported. Downsizing the support to the nanoscale leads to resultant MCs with precisely controlled sizes < 0.7 nm. Such enhanced stabilization ability is a result of enhanced metal–support interactions as well as the nanoconfinement of organic cages in controlling the growth of MCs. Moreover, the obtained MCs display excellent catalytic performance in a series of liquid‐phase reactions owing to a decrease in the diffusion resistance from the substrate to MCs immobilized by the nano‐sized cage support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usage of techniques of the artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the field of microwave devices has recently increased. The advantages of ANNs in comparison with traditional full-wave methods are that the prediction speed when the traditional time-consuming iterative calculations are not required and also the complex mathematical model of the microwave device is no longer needed. Therefore, the design of microwave device could be repeated many times in real time. However, methods of artificial neural networks still lag behind traditional full-wave methods in terms of accuracy. The prediction accuracy depends on the structure of the selected neural network and also on the obtained dataset for the training of the network. Therefore, the paper presents a systematic review of the implementation of ANNs in the field of the design and analysis of microwave devices. The guidelines for the systematic literature review and the systematic mapping research procedure, as well as the Preferred Report Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statements (PRISMA) are used to conduct literature search and report the results. The goal of the paper is to summarize the application areas of usage of ANNs in the field of microwave devices, the type and structure of the used artificial neural networks, the type and size of the dataset, the interpolation and the augmentation of the training dataset, the training algorithm and training errors and also to discuss the future perspectives of the usage of ANNs in the field of microwave devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Recent years show a sharp increase in research on opioid use among cancer survivors, but evidence syntheses are lacking, leaving knowledge gaps. Corresponding research needs are unclear.Objectives: To provide an evidence synthesis.Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase, identifying articles related to cancer, and opioid prescribing/use published through September 2020. We screened resulting titles/abstracts. Relevant studies underwent full-text review. Inclusion criteria were quantitative examination of and primary focus on opioid prescribing or use, and explicit inclusion of cancer survivors. Exclusion criteria included end-of-life opioid use and opioid use as a secondary or downstream outcome (for intervention studies). We extracted information on the opioid-related outcome(s) examined (including definitions and terminology used), study design, and methods.Results: Research returned 16,591 articles; 296 were included. Only 22 of 296 studies evaluated an intervention. There were 105 studies evaluating outcomes indicative of potentially high-risk, nonrecommended, or avoidable opioid use, e.g., continuous use-described as chronic use, prolonged use, and persistent use (n = 17); use after completion of curative-intent treatment-described as chronic opioid use, long-term opioid use, persistent opioid use, prolonged opioid use, continued opioid use, late opioid use, post-treatment opioid use (n = 27); use of opioids concurrent with other potentially high-risk medications (n = 13), and opioid misuse (n = 14).Conclusions: We found lack of consistency in the measurement of and terms used to describe similar opioid use outcomes, and a lack of interventional research targeting well-documented patterns of potentially nonrecommended, potentially avoidable, or potentially high-risk opioid prescribing or use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new 1,3-distal diphenyl(4-piperidin)methanol-appended calix[4]arene derivative 3 has been successfully synthesized and characterized using FTIR, NMR and elemental analysis techniques. Synthesized 1,3-distal diphenyl(4-piperidin)methanol-appended calix[4]arene derivative 3 has been then grafted onto [3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)-propyl]-trimethoxysilane-modified Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles to produce 1,3-distal diphenyl(4-piperidin)methanol-substituted calix[4]arene derivative-grafted EPPTMS-MN (4). The structure and surface morphology of 1,3-distal diphenyl(4-piperidin)methanol-substituted calix[4]arene derivative-grafted EPPTMS-MN have been determined by a combination of FTIR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. Moreover, anion binding capabilities of 1,3-distal diphenyl(4-piperidin)methanol-substituted calix[4]arene derivative-grafted EPPTMS-MN toward HCr2O7-, and H2AsO4- ions have been evaluated. The results indicate that 1,3-distal diphenyl(4-piperidin)methanol-substituted calix[4]arene derivative-grafted EPPTMS-MN exhibited 80% sorption efficacy toward Cr(VI), whereas ∼8% sorption efficacy for As(V) was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A square-planar Cu(II) complex [Cu(L)Cl], 1, with sterically constrained tridentate phenol-based ligand (HL= N,N,N′-trimethyl-N′-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)-ethylenediamine) with N, N, O donor sites has been synthesized. The complex is characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction study as well as other spectroscopic techniques. The reported complex crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 30.248(6), b = 13.750(3) and c = 11.410(2) Å with β = 110.232(2)°. The Cu(II) ion adopts a square planar environment in this complex. Electrochemical study of the complex 1 gives quasi-reversible reductive response at E1/2 ≈ −0.5 V due to the reduction of the Cu(II) center along with a reversible oxidation peak at E1/2 ≈ 0.75 V. The oxidation peak arises due to the ligand-based oxidation of phenolate group to phenoxyl radical in the complex. The Cu(II) complex exhibits catechol oxidase activity in methanol as observed by the UV–vis spectroscopy of the aerial oxidation of 3,5-DTBC to 3,5-DTBQ and the reaction proceeds via the formation of ligand phenoxyl radical. The turnover number for complex 1 is 2560 h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1,3,4-oxadiazoles represent a class of heterocyclic five membered compounds it contain two nitrogen and one oxygen of great importance in Pharmaceutical chemistry. This nucleus show four isomeric forms 1,2,4-oxadiazole,1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, and 1,2,3-oxadiazole. This nucleus has various biological activity such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumor, antidepressant, anticancer, analgesic etc. have been reported. A series of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles-2(3H)thione derivative has been synthesized in four steps and the derivative were characterized by FTIR spectral analysis. This article explain the different biological activities associated with 1,3,4-oxadiazole five membered ring are useful for researchers across the world working on this nucleus.

Since the discovery of neuromorphic computing, the search for the ideal hardware technology has been the main focus of technological research and development in the area. Among the candidates, the electrochemical neuromorphic organic device (ENODe) shows promising properties such as low energy consumption, high computing efficiency, and relatively inexpensive units. However, ENODes suffer from long term instability, especially due to electrode degradation. Here, the use of a modified poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) synthesis is proposed to obtain intrinsically low‐charge density PEDOT:PSS inks for application as post‐synaptic electrodes in ENODes. The charge density of the synthesized inks is evaluated by optical spectroscopy, revealing that the amount of oxidizing agent in the synthesis route is directly correlated with the PEDOT:PSS charge density. ENODes fabricated with the synthesized low‐charge density PEDOT:PSS operate in the low‐voltage regime, with good stability and present non‐volatile memory levels. The easy‐to‐implement synthetic approach unlocks new strategies for producing stable and tunable charge‐density materials for constructing the next‐generation of organic neuromorphic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and construction of polyoxometalate (POM)-templated silver clusters have received increasing attention, not only due to their aesthetic structures but also to their wide applications in chromatic materials, magnetism, electronics, and fluorescence. Among various POM-templated silver clusters, asymmetrically-wrapped POM–silver clusters have unusual structures: POMs have exposed surfaces and an asymmetrically-connected silver shell, which endows the clusters with distinctive properties, such as redox and electrocatalytic activities. This review summarizes recent developments in this field, highlighting the syntheses, structures, and properties of the asymmetrically-wrapped POM–silver clusters. The formation mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives of such clusters are also discussed. We believe that this review will motivate the development of the asymmetrical templation effect of POM in silver clusters.

A hyperbranched carboxylate-type polymer was synthesized through esterification and carboxymethylation, and its performance on enhanced oil recovery was experimentally evaluated. The optimum condition for esterification was 8 h at 120°C, where 3% PTSA as the catalyst and 9:1 mol ratio of the AB2 intermediate and trimethylolpropane were used. The optimum condition for carboxymethylation was 4 h at 80°C. The critical micelle concentration of the hyperbranched polymer was 433.63 mg/L, the Krafft point was 5°C, and the surface tension was lowered to 28 mN/m. In the range of 400–500 mg/L concentration, the adsorption onto the oil sand surface achieved equilibrium, and micellar solubilization reached 600 ml/mol. The interfacial tension can be lowered to a level of 10−2 mN/m by the single use of the hyperbranched polymer, and the value further decreased to a level of 10−3 mN/m while being formulated with sodium dodecylsulfate or NaOH. Oil recovery of water flooding was further enhanced by the single use of a hyperbranched polymer or the combination of hyperbranched polymer/sodium dodecylsulfate. The latter exhibited more prosperous advantages in low-permeability reservoirs.

Halide perovskites are expected to be widely used in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, such as high luminous efficiency, controllability of luminescence wavelength, and wide color gamut. However, because the exciton binding energy of 3D halide perovskite films is relatively low (≈150 meV), various techniques have been applied to increase the exciton binding energy and thereby improve the performance of devices. Among them, 0D halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are widely used because the low‐dimensional perovskite effectively confines the excitons in NCs. In particular, perovskite NCs facilitate color tuning with quantum confinement by controlling the size. Herein, it is aimed to provide an overview of various approaches for synthesizing perovskite NCs and post‐treatment methods to achieve high‐efficiency LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus(V)-substituted titanium-oxo clusters are composed of titanoxane (Ti–O–Ti), phosphatitanoxane (Ti–O–P), and organic/inorganic groups, such as pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, alkoxyl, carboxylate, acetylacetonate, hydroxyl, and chloride. The first phosphorus(V)-substituted titanium-oxo cluster was reported in 1992. To date, many studies have been published on the syntheses, properties, and applications of these clusters. However, no review has been reported yet. In this study, these clusters are divided into four categories: (i) the syntheses, properties, and proposed formation mechanism of titanium phosphonate clusters, (ii) the syntheses of carboxylate-substituted titanium phosphonate clusters, (iii) the syntheses and properties of titanium phosphinate- and phosphate-clusters, and (iv) the advanced investigation of phosphorus(V)-substituted titanium-oxo clusters. Highlights: Synthesis and properties of phosphorus(V)-substituted titanium-oxo clusters. Simple synthetic process for many clusters. Report on clusters more than 50-types. The influence of molar ratio and structure of titanium and phosphorus reagents on their structure. Application of alkoxy clusters in sol–gel method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organic xerogels, prepared from tannins and ethanol lignins of the fir (Abies sibirica), were synthesized for the first time. The influence of the composition of initial mixture and pH on the characteristics of xerogels obtained by sol-gel condensation of formaldehyde with polyphenols of fir has been studied. The possibility of regulating the density and porosity of gels by varying of the concentration of ethanol lignin in the initial mixture was established. It was found that tannin-lignin-formaldehyde gel with low-density (0.11 g/cm3), and very high porosity (92%) is formed at a mass ratio tannins and lignins equal to 1. According to FTIR data, the process of xerogel formation is carried out by cross-linking due to the formation of carbon-carbon and alkyl ethers bonds. SEM method confirmed the formation of branched macromolecular structure of gels from interconnected spherical particles of different sizes. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates greater thermal stability of tannin-formaldehyde gels compared with the tannin-lignin-formaldehyde gels. The increase of lignin concentration in gels more than 50–65% (by the mass) reduced the temperature of their intensive mass loss on 23–63 °С. The obtained organic gels are non-flammable polymers, and they can be used as thermal and fire retardant materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty‐three benzoxazole derivatives were prepared through two‐step reaction strategy. The precursor, 2‐mercapto benzoxazole was synthesized by reacting 2‐amino phenol with carbon disulfide in the presence of potassium hydroxide. Then, 2‐mercapto benzoxazole was further reacted with substituted phenacyl/benzyl bromide to afford a range of substituted 2‐mercapto benzoxazole analogs. All compounds were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques including mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and investigated against urease enzyme. All analogs revealed good to moderate urease inhibition, ranging from IC50 = 17.50±0.10 to 42.50±0.44 μM. Few derivatives showed superior activity than thiourea (IC50=21.50±0.47 μM), standard inhibitor of urease enzyme. Structure‐activity relationship (SAR) revealed the crucial participation of various structural features in the inhibitory process. Compounds bearing methoxy and halogen substituents were found to show more potency as compared with other molecules. Molecular docking showed various interesting interactions established by molecules (ligand) with the active pocket of urease enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tosylated 4-aminopyridine and other sulfonylated compounds of amines comprise a substantial class of pharmaceutical drugs used as antibiotics in the field of medicine. This research aimed at the synthesis of tosylated 4-aminopyridine and the complexation of the tosyated 4-aminopyridine with Ni(II) and Fe(II) ions. The sulfonamide was prepared by the action of tosyl chloride on 4-aminopyridine in an aqueous alkaline medium. The complexes were synthesized by the reaction of Ni(NO3)2.6H2O/Fe(NO3)2.6H2O with sulfonamide derivative. These compounds were characterized through Ultraviolet Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infer-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1HNMR), Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13CNMR) and Electron Spray Ionisation-Mass Spectrometer (ESIMS) and micro-analysis. The IR spectral data suggested that the sulfonamide derivative acts as a neutral ligand towards Ni (II) and Fe (II). In their complexes, the coordination frequency bands of 1665.55 and 1674.21 cm-1 were assigned to Ni-N and Fe-N bonds, and 1687.70 cm-1 was assigned to free tosylated 4-aminopyridine. This decrease in the frequency band of free imine to coordinated imine complexes indicates that electron transfer occurred from the ligand to the d-orbitals of the metals. The complexation of4-Methyl-N-(pyridin-4-yl)benzene sulfonamide can increase the biological and catalytic potential of the ligand in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

– Antimonates with the stoichiometry A Sb 2 O 6 and A 2 Sb 2 O 7 have a wide range of applications in many areas of materials sciences and geosciences. In this work, we have derived thermodynamic properties of A Sb 2 O 6 (A = Ba, Ca, Sr, Zn, Na 2 , Cd) and A 2 Sb 2 O 7 , (A = Ca, Cd) with a combination of high-temperature oxide-melt calorimetry, relaxation calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The samples were synthesized by solid-state techniques, characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, and found to belong to different structural types (rosiaite, trirutile, ilmenite, pyrochlore, and weberite). The Gibbs free energies of formation at T = 298.15 K from elements are (all data in kJ·mol−1) −1691.7 ± 4.8 (BaSb 2 O 6), −1710.8 ± 4.7 (CaSb 2 O 6), −1219.3 ± 4.1 (CdSb 2 O 6), −1674.4 ± 4.9 (SrSb 2 O 6), −1302.0 ± 3.4 (ZnSb 2 O 6), −1596.9 ± 5.4 (Na 2 Sb 2 O 6), −2407.6 ± 8.0 (Ca 2 Sb 2 O 7), −1497.6 ± 7.5 (Cd 2 Sb 2 O 7). The DFT calculations allowed to extrapolate the experimental heat capacity up to T = 1000 K and to calculate phase diagrams. They show that the syntheses of these compounds should be feasible either by hydrothermal treatment or solid-state reaction (using carbonates) with Na 2 Sb 2 O 6 as a precursor at relatively low temperatures. The only exception seems to be the phase SrSb 2 O 6 that is predicted to be unstable in a solid-state reaction involving Na 2 Sb 2 O 6 and SrCO 3. [Display omitted] • Thermodynamic properties of a set of antimonates were determined. • Experimental thermodynamic data were augmented by DFT calculations up to 1000 K. • Sodium antimonate is a suitable precursor for the syntheses of other antimonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of new tungsten(V) dimeric thio complex with disulphido µ-sulphido bridge is reported Moreover, dithiocarbamate ligand is known to form stable Complex with many transition metals. The complex is of interest arises because of its versatile structure and biological activity. The tungsten complex was optimized and a description of the structural parameters is given. Finally the complex was examined as potential antimicrobial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental synthesis of 1D van der Waals heterostructures, a class of materials in which different crystallized nanotubes are coaxially nested, was recently demonstrated. In this perspective, the current challenges in the chemical vapor deposition synthesis of this new structure are outlined, and the visions on its potential applications are presented. A particular emphasis is given to electronic devices that are built after modulating different shell–shell combinations in these heteronanotubes.

A square-planar Cu(II) complex [Cu(L)Cl], 1, with sterically constrained tridentate phenol-based ligand (HL= N,N,N′-trimethyl-N′-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)-ethylenediamine) with N, N, O donor sites has been synthesized. The complex is characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction study as well as other spectroscopic techniques. The reported complex crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 30.248(6), b = 13.750(3) and c = 11.410(2) Å with β = 110.232(2)°. The Cu(II) ion adopts a square planar environment in this complex. Electrochemical study of the complex 1 gives quasi-reversible reductive response at E1/2 ≈ −0.5 V due to the reduction of the Cu(II) center along with a reversible oxidation peak at E1/2 ≈ 0.75 V. The oxidation peak arises due to the ligand-based oxidation of phenolate group to phenoxyl radical in the complex. The Cu(II) complex exhibits catechol oxidase activity in methanol as observed by the UV–vis spectroscopy of the aerial oxidation of 3,5-DTBC to 3,5-DTBQ and the reaction proceeds via the formation of ligand phenoxyl radical. The turnover number for complex 1 is 2560 h−1.

This essay employs Deleuze and Guattari's analysis of the capitalist social machine to explore Michelangelo Antonioni's Red Desert (1964). More specifically, it addresses the psychological struggles of the film's female protagonist, Giuliana, with respect to duelling forces of capitalist deterritorialisation and Oedipal reterritorialisation. The essay also brings together Deleuze's cinema works with his and Guattari's schizoanalysis to show how Antonioni's use of the time-image itself functions as a deterritorialising force, particularly with respect to the film's pivotal island fantasy scene, where, if only momentarily, Giuliana engages in the Deleuzean act of becoming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental synthesis of 1D van der Waals heterostructures, a class of materials in which different crystallized nanotubes are coaxially nested, was recently demonstrated. In this perspective, the current challenges in the chemical vapor deposition synthesis of this new structure are outlined, and the visions on its potential applications are presented. A particular emphasis is given to electronic devices that are built after modulating different shell–shell combinations in these heteronanotubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]