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The paper presents data on the prevalence of helminthiasis in Russia on the basis of the State Reports on the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation. It comparatively characterizes morbidity rates in 2010-2012. Morbidity analysis has revealed the main reasons for the prevalence of parasitic diseases and the possible ways of their elimination.

The paper comparatively analyzes the efficiency of two methods for the diagnosis ofcryptosporidiosis: microscopy of Ziehl-Neelsen- or Romanovsky-Gimse-stained smears and immunofluorescence labeling using the diagnostic reagent kit Crypt-a-Glo A400 BIOT (Cryptosporidium oocysts) (Stailab Co.) in fecal samples. The efficiency of the reagent kit Crypt-a-Glo A400 BIOT has been shown to be sufficiently high in diagnosing cryptosporidiosis. The authors propose to use the immunofluorescence labeling [a diagnostic reagent kit Crypt-a-Glo A400 BIOT (Cryptosporidium oocysts)] to increase the detection rate of persons suspected as having cryptosporidiosis who are invaded during comprehensive examination.

Migration of the population has been established to substantially increase the risk of importation of parasitic diseases into Russia. Mass importation of malaria into Russia has started since 1993 when local cases of malaria (secondary to imported ones), whose source was newcomers from Tadjikistan and Azerbaijan, were notified. The migration of the population has increased the incidence of helminthiasis and protozoan diseases earlier sporadically recorded in Russia. In 1996 to 2002, a total of 7386 patients with parasitic diseases considered by official statistics as other helminthiasis and other protozoan diseases were notified. In some areas, the morbidity rates due to hymenolepidiasis and trichocephaliasis have been formed from imported cases, the number of imported cases of opisthorchiasis increased, the area of spreading echinococciasis in Russia expanded at the expense of imported cases of echinococciasis from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and the Ukraine.

From the 1950s to 1974 R.prowazekii infection was registered on the territory of Russia, mainly in the form of Brill's disease, represented by some individual cases in the focus of infection. In 0.25% of all of cases rickettsiosis was linked with group outbreaks of the family character (14 events), reflecting the epidemic form of the disease. From 1974 until the present time the correlation between the sources of infection and the infestation of the population with lice dropped below the critical level, ensuring the transmission of the infective agent among the susceptible human population. This led to the steady disappearance of rickettsiosis (a decrease in the number of rickettsiosis cases from several thousand in the 60s to less than 100 in 1991) due to natural demographic processes. After the disintegration of the USSR, the migration of the population from some regions, especially from those where military conflicts took place, did not affect this process. The return of the epidemic form of rickettsiosis in Russia is impossible.