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The school practicum is an essential component of pre-service student teachers’ training in the PGCE qualification, affording opportunities to develop mentees’ own identities. Along with a range of competences. This study explores how student teachers at Nelson Mandela University perceived their School-Based Learning (SBL) mentoring experience about the roles that mentors should fulfil based on an adapted seven-factor framework (Hudson, 2004, 2009) by adopting a post-positivist paradigm. The findings showed that both groups of participants who would like to return to the same mentor again or those who wish not to do so indicated that these seven factors played a crucial role in their decision-making.

Requirement expression media is an overlooked consideration in requirements innovation. The path to including media other than natural language requirement sentences begins with determining the viability of media to be used as requirement expressions in systems engineering. This research uses the INCOSE characteristics for individual requirements and sets of requirements as a basis for an assessment of the sufficiency of model diagrams and engineering drawings to express requirements. A critical review of high-impact sources is used to develop characteristic lists for natural language requirement sentences and for model diagrams and engineering drawings. A comparative analysis of the characteristic lists for requirement sentences, model diagrams, and engineering drawings shows that each have the same fundamental characteristics and the differences are based on the ability of the media to represent abstraction. The contribution of this research is the establishment of model diagrams and engineering drawings as viable alternatives to natural language sentences for system engineering requirements expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing a system is an important step in the software development process. A use case diagram (UCD) and a class diagram (CD) are the most used diagrams in designing a system. This case study aims to explore the implementation of an event-based approach using the event table (ET) to design the Outcome-based Education Curriculum System (OBECS). In generating a UCD of OBECS, the event-based approach involves three processes: (1) identifying actors and the relationship between actors; (2) identifying use cases and the relationships of the use cases; and (3) generating UCD. Meanwhile, there are four processes in the event-based approach which can be used to generate a CD of OBECS namely: (1) identifying the classes for each event or action using the ET;(2) identifying the relationships between sources and objects; (3) identifying the class’ attributes and methods; and (4) integrating all classes. Our study proposes a clear and simple concept to generate a UCD and CD in designing a system. It is expected that the result of the current study could help a software designer in modelling the system from the system requirement.

The operational environment (OE) for the United States (US) Army is becoming increasingly complex, requiring systems engineers and architects to develop new approaches for managing the variability inherent in the OEs of today and tomorrow. In response to this growing capability gap, the US Department of Defense (DoD) established the engineered resilient systems (ERS) program. A core property of ERS is broad utility—the ability of a system to “perform effectively in a wide range of operations across multiple futures despite experiencing disruptions.” This article discusses research intended to provide system designers with a model that visualizes the complex interactions between the variables of the OE in order to derive system requirements that ensure a system exhibits broad utility. Specifically, this article 1) identifies three gaps in current US DoD doctrine impacting the ability to design technical systems for broad utility, 2) proposes an integrated network model—the operational environment exchange network (OEEN)—that specifies how the variables of the OE, exogenous to the technical systems employed by the US Army soldiers, can impact the system's broad utility, and 3) employs an established requirements writing format to demonstrate how to write broad utility system requirements. By addressing these objectives, system designers can better visualize the complex, multilayered nature of the OE with the hope of designing systems that remain effective in the face of changing external conditions. This article demonstrates how the OEEN can assist system designers in the development of broad utility system requirements that mitigate the disruptions the system might face, ensuring the system remains effective, despite changing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Elementary Education / Revija za Elementarno Izobraževanje is the property of University of Maribor, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Comet Interceptor (Comet-I), to be launched in 2029 as a piggyback to ESA's ARIEL mission, is aimed to perform the first fly-by of a pristine long-period comet. The mission will be composed of a main spacecraft, SC A (ESA), and two small probes to be released prior to the fly-by, SC B1 (JAXA) and SC B2 (ESA). This work analyzes the attitude performance of JAXA's 24U-sized spacecraft through the dust environment of a yet-to-be-discovered target comet. Main challenges to the mission are associated to the high levels of uncertainty and extremity of fly-by conditions: highly-active dust environment, uncertain fly-by altitude (750 ± 250 km (1σ), as of 2021), and large and unknown relative fly-by speeds (15–70 km/s). A Monte Carlo analysis is performed to characterize the effect of dust particle impacts on the attitude of SC B1, and to evaluate the likelihood of satisfying pointing and angular velocity requirements of the science camera. Analysis initially shows that particles of mass 10−8–10−5 kg represent the most relevant source of perturbation due to their transferred angular momentum and likelihood of being encountered, and saturation of reaction wheels is shown unlikely given the large fly-by speeds and short fly-by durations (20 min–2 h). More detailed analysis ultimately suggests a probability larger than 90% of satisfying science camera requirements despite the extreme, uncertain fly-by conditions, dust environment, and component inaccuracies (star tracker, gyroscopes, and reaction wheels). Results also show that upgrading the reaction wheel that is implemented along the camera line-of-sight can improve, but only marginally, attitude performance, and proper alignment of solar arrays parallel to the incoming flow of particles is shown essential to maximize probability of success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workflow system has become a standard solution for managing a complex business process. How to guarantee its correctness is a key requirement. Many methods only focus on the control-flow verification, while they neglect the modeling and checking of data-flows. Although some studies are presented to repair the data-flow errors, they do not consider the effect of delete operations or weak circulation relations on the repairing results. What's more, repairing some data-flow errors may bring in new errors. In order to solve these problems, we use workflow net with data (WFD-net) systems to model and analyze a workflow system. Based on weak behavioral relations and order relations in a WFD-net system, we formalize four kinds of data-flow errors. After then, we reveal the relations between these errors and organize them into a hierarchy. Furthermore, we propose some new methods to repair data-flow errors in a WFD-net system based on system requirements and repair strategies. Finally, a case study of campus-card recharging shows the applicability of our methods, and a group of experiments show their advantages and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, competition among the Indian manufacturing industries (IMI) has increased enormously in the global market. The current uncertainty in the market context is characterised and governed by the customised requirements of the customers. Thus, the manufacturing system in the industries should be capable of adapting the parameters like flexibility in scalability, variety, agility, system responsiveness, inter-connectivity, automatic data exchange with communication among the manufacturing systems, transparency and human–machine interaction, which are the main components and principles of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Thus, adopting I4.0 plays a vital role to corroborate its long-term survival in the global marketplace. However, very few research work considerations contribute towards the issues induced during the adoption of I4.0 in manufacturing industries. This paper aims to minimise the gap between the existing Industrial System Requirements (ISRs) and the challenges faced during implementing I4.0 technologies in existing Industries. The identified ISRs and barriers were evaluated and analysed based on the data set collected from a questionnaire-based survey. Fuzzy multi-criteria analysis is conducted to identify the most weighted ISRs and barriers and ranked them concerning their importance. Furthermore, the inter-item correlation between both of them is analysed. This research work offers the researchers, practitioners, and industrialists an opportunity to formulate multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problems through numerous case studies and prioritise the top barriers, system requirements and the inter-relationship shared between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From aircraft manufacturing, product customization, aircraft maintenance, and aircraft launch and recovery, project management is threaded through all aspects of aviation. Given the supreme importance of quality to every aircraft manufacturer, airline, and passenger, it would be expected that quality management, within the context of project management, would be a construct that is clearly defined. The aim of this mixed-methods research seeks to understand how quality is managed and assured in aviation projects, whether the current quality management framework is applicable to the aviation industry, and how quality should ultimately be managed in aviation projects. The results suggest that aviation project management could benefit by adopting a new lens for managing project quality and avoiding a surface-level adoption of quality tools designed primarily for the mass production context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mentoring involves the process of experienced teachers teaching and guiding student-teachers on the different aspects of the teaching-learning process. This study aimed to determine the mentoring experiences of cooperating teachers and student-teachers using quantitative-qualitative design. Survey questionnaires based on Hudson’s model were distributed and interviews were conducted among cooperating teachers and student-teachers. Means, standard deviations, t-test for independent samples and paired samples t-test were used to analyze the data. Qualitative responses were analyzed and categorized thematically. Findings indicate that the cooperating teachers perceived they greatly mentored student-teachers in terms of personal attributes, system requirements, pedagogical knowledge, modeling, and feedback which were validated by the student-teachers except in the area of system requirements wherein they were mentored moderately. The study concluded that the cooperating teachers mentored to a great extent the student-teachers. Provision of continuing professional education for cooperating teachers to enrich their skills on mentoring student-teachers and more time for post-conference were recommended.

This paper presents a novel framework for improving project outcomes by ensuring that systems requirements can be verified and validated against project objectives and constraints. The multiattribute process ensures that each requirement makes a measurable contribution toward meeting a system's intended use while considering the impact of known constraints. This new framework aims to increase the likelihood of program success by identifying and valuing requirements in the early stages of a system's development. This research very explicitly extends previous research and aims to overcome complications that have persisted within the literature with regard to selecting and prioritizing system requirements. The authors present the first demonstration of applying analytic hierarchy process to prioritize requirements for a United States Navy Phased Array Radar and use a novel methodology for applying AHP's ratings approach to requirements prioritization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of systems engineering (SE) efforts to solve development issues benefit from the mutually advantageous relationship between academia and practice. This relationship can be threatened by lag in adoption and differences in focus between the two worlds. In an effort to help maintain alignment between SE research and practice, a 2‐day workshop was held at the University of Alabama in Huntsville on research needs in SE. The workshop was attended by individuals from academia, the Department of Defense, NASA, and the aerospace industry. This paper presents summaries of the discussions that took place, as well as possible research questions informed by the results of the workshop. The workshop consisted of an introductory roundtable and three breakouts sessions focusing on requirements, verification, and validation; configuration and data management; and systems acquisition and design. Several topics emerged as important concepts for future research, and research questions were developed relating to model‐based systems engineering (MBSE), requirements, modeling, sociotechnical issues, and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planning an information system (IS) is challenging, especially for inexperienced IS analysts, including students. One area that often causes particular difficulty is defining the requirements of the future system—a phase that is crucial to the success of any IS project. While serving as advisers for students carrying out their first IS projects, we observed that "imagining" the future system's functionality and workflow from the user's perspective makes it easier for students to identify the system's functional requirements. This insight led us to suggest refining the requirements phase by structuring the "imagining" process into a formal Conceptual mental model (CMM)—that is, a tangible visual representation of the user's beliefs and expectations (i.e., the user's mental model) about the system to be developed. We expect that this approach, taken from the domains of cognitive psychology and human–computer interaction, will improve the ability of inexperienced IS analysts to identify the functional requirements of the future system, along with their associated relations and actors. In particular, we expect that this approach will yield better Use case diagrams (UCDs)—a key component of the Use case model for representing and then specifying system requirements, relations and actors. Here, we report on a controlled experiment testing whether creation of a CMM prior to the creation of a UCD improves the identification of functional system requirements, relations, and actors in terms of correctness, completeness, and irredundancy of the UCD. We found that participants who produced a UCD after producing a CMM performed significantly better in defining system requirements, relations and actors, as expressed in their UCDs, compared to participants who produced a UCD without first producing a CMM. We conclude that our suggested refinement improves the performance of novice IS analysts in capturing, analyzing and defining functional system requirements, relations and actors in a UCD, in terms of correctness, completeness, and irredundancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celem artykułu jest ocena jakości systemu pomiaru dokonań w Ministerstwie Rolnictwa w Estonii po-przez ustalenie, czy system spełnia określone regulacje. Regulacje te można podzielić na dwie kategorie: wymagania systemowe, jak np. powiązanie ze strategią, model przyczynowo-skutkowy, wielowymiaro-wość oraz wymagania dotyczące samego pomiaru.Autorzy przeprowadzili badania na danych archiwalnych w celu ustalenia pochodzenia wzorców dla obecnie stosowanego pomiaru dokonań w sektorze publicznym w Estonii. Wykorzystane zostały głównie źródła wtórne, dokumentacja publicznie dostępna na stronach internetowych Ministerstwa Finansów orazMinisterstwa Rolnictwa w Estonii. Analiza treści została zastosowana do oceny obecnego systemu po-miaru dokonań ministerstwa.Wyniki analizy wskazują, że mimo nierównomiernego i niehomogenicznego rozłożenia mierników wszystkie kategorie zostały uwzględnione. System pomiaru dokonań Ministerstwa Rolnictwa w Estonii został oceniony na wysokim poziomie pod względem zgodności z wymaganiami dla nowoczesnych systemów pomiaru wyników. Mimo to zostały sformułowane następujące rekomendacje:– mierniki powinny być tak skonstruowane, aby mierzyły jedno zjawisko/obszar,– należy odrzucić mierniki, które nie pasują do żadnej kategorii,– należy rozważyć udoskonalenie modelu przyczynowo-skutkowego poprzez odseparowanie wejść i wyjść dla poszczególnych działań.

Human needs and their hierarchy are considered in the analytical perspectives of psychology, sociology, anthropology. Special attention is paid to the concepts of self-actualization and self-realization and the reasons and the possible consequences of their popularity. We analyze the cultural significance of the value of their interpretation of the troubled field of the modern era.

Mentoring involves the process of experienced teachers teaching and guiding student-teachers on the different aspects of the teaching-learning process. This study aimed to determine the mentoring experiences of cooperating teachers and student-teachers using quantitative-qualitative design. Survey questionnaires based on Hudson's model were distributed and interviews were conducted among cooperating teachers and student-teachers. Means, standard deviations, t-test for independent samples and paired samples t-test were used to analyze the data. Qualitative responses were analyzed and categorized thematically. Findings indicate that the cooperating teachers perceived they greatly mentored student-teachers in terms of personal attributes, system requirements, pedagogical knowledge, modeling, and feedback which were validated by the student-teachers except in the area of system requirements wherein they were mentored moderately. The study concluded that the cooperating teachers mentored to a great extent the student-teachers. Provision of continuing professional education for cooperating teachers to enrich their skills on mentoring student-teachers and more time for post-conference were recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]