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Leading up to the Presidential Election, Anies Baswedan and Ganjar Pranowo have influenced voters’ political attitudes on Twitter and demonstrated strengthening public trust in both, showing trust’s critical role in the democratization process. This research explores the relationship between Twitter use and online trust in the two candidates in the context of preparations for the 2024 presidential election in Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative approach with sentiment analysis on data from Twitter, which focuses on searching for the keywords #aniesbaswedan (17,998 Tweets) and #ganjarpranowo (17,918 Tweets) to understand the opinions, attitudes, and emotions contained in the text. These findings show that there is potential to transform public trust online. If the candidate uses Twitter effectively and succeeds in building online trust, this can provide an advantage for the candidate in their efforts to achieve victory in the 2024 Presidential Election. Ganjar Pranowo is more dominant in influencing the level of public trust in Twitter to be relatively positive, although Ganjar Pranowo also received quite a negative response. Meanwhile, Anies Baswedan needs to be more dominant to influence public trust on Twitter. The dominant factors affecting the level of trust in candidates are the coalition of political parties, Israel’s rejection, and leadership. This study also found the tendency of other factors to transform trust online, including quality content, consistency, transparency, responsiveness, ethics, sharing of references, and honesty. Social media has the potential to foster political confidence online. However, this depends on how the candidate maximizes the potential of social media. Keywords: Online trust, social media, presidential election, online discussion ABSTRAK Menuju Pemilihan Presiden, Anies Baswedan dan Ganjar Pranowo telah memengaruhi sikap politik pemilih di Twitter dan menunjukkan penguatan kepercayaan publik pada keduanya, memperlihatkan peran penting kepercayaan dalam proses demokratisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara penggunaan Twitter dan kepercayaan online terhadap kedua kandidat tersebut dalam konteks persiapan menuju Pilpres 2024 di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis sentimen pada data dari Twitter, yang difokuskan pada pencarian kata kunci #aniesbaswedan (17998 Tweets) dan #ganjarpranowo (17918 Tweets), untuk memahami pendapat, sikap, dan emosi yang terkandung dalam teks. Temuan ini menunjukkan adanya potensi dalam mentransformasikan kepercayaan publik secara daring. Jika kandidat menggunakan Twitter secara efektif dan berhasil membangun kepercayaan online, maka hal tersebut dapat memberikan keuntungan bagi kandidat dalam upaya mencapai kemenangan di Pilpres 2024. Ganjar Pranowo lebih dominan memengaruhi tingkat kepercayaan publik di Twitter menjadi relatif positif, meskipun Ganjar Pranowo juga mendapatkan respon cukup negatif. Sementara itu, Anies Baswedan dianggap tidak cukup dominan memengaruhi kepercayaan publik di Twitter. Faktor dominan yang memengaruhi tingkat kepercayaan pada kandidat adalah koalisi partai politik, penolakan Israel, dan kepemimpinan. Studi ini juga menemukan kecenderungan dari faktor lainnya untuk mentransformasikan kepercayaan secara daring di antaranya adalah konten berkualitas, konsistensi, transparansi, responsif, etika, berbagi referensi, dan kejujuran. Media sosial memiliki potensi untuk menumbuhkan kepercayaan politik secara daring. Namun, hal tersebut sangat bergantung pada bagaimana kandidat memaksimalkan potensi media sosial tersebut. Kata Kunci: Kepercayaan daring, media sosial, pemilihan presiden, diskusi daring

This study presents a biosynthetic route for TiO2-doped ZnO (Ti/ZnO) using the primary metabolite component of the Aspergillus niger fungi as a source of the capping agent. The effect of biosynthetic variables based on the extracellular (Ti/ZnO) and intracellular (Ti/ZnO) enzymatic cycles of Aspergillus niger during the 3–4 days growth period was analyzed. The morphological differences between the extracellular and intracellular Ti/ZnO produced were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrometry (UV–Vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Analyzing Ti/ZnO with different biosynthetic variables exhibited the same crystal structure, namely hexagonal Wurtzite, but with different morphology and crystal sizes of 27.42–28.99 nm. Furthermore, Ti/ZnO has a pattern of a rod with a length and diameter of 287–455 nm and 126 - 156 nm, respectively. In vitro antimicrobial activity testing against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial cells was performed under exposure to ultraviolet light with the wavelength of λ = 385 nm. The results indicated that the increase in bacterial activity was influenced by the effect of biosynthetic variables based on differences in morphology, size, the shape of Ti/ZnO, enzymatic cycle, and growth time of Aspergillus niger.

This study aims to understand Roel Meijer's thoughts regarding Salafism, focusing on terms, doctrines, and their relation to politics and violence. Before 9/11, Salafism had not received significant attention from scholars. However, after this incident, Salafism and Wahhabism became important topics because they were related to political movements and violence in the name of religion. The method used in this study is Library Research with the Factual Historical Model, which examines the substance of the text that contains the thoughts and ideas of the figures as religious works as contained in the thoughts and works of the figures. Based on Roel Meijer's study, global Salafism originates from the inspiration of Wahhabism, founded by Muhammad bin 'Abd Wahab. Wahhabism has a doctrine of returning to the Koran and al-Hadith, purging monotheism from various polytheism, accepting ijtihad, and rejecting taqlid. The term "Salafi" refers to two groups: Salafi da'wah groups that are oriented towards improving individual, family, and community structures through da'wah and education, and Salafi groups that have the same goal but are politically inclined and tend to use violence, which is referred to as Salafi jihadis. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Salafism, its doctrines, and its relation to politics and violence.

The use of feed in fish farming is often inefficient because fish only partially consume the feed spread in ponds, so it becomes waste for the aquatic environment and, even worse, will trigger new diseases. The Department of Chemistry's of Universitas Andalas team was trying to overcome this problem by increasing the efficiency of fish feed. For the feed to work optimally and produce good quality fish weight, it is necessary to modify the nutrition of the fish feed, one of which is by adding probiotics through a fermentation process. The method used in this activity includes training, mentoring, and demonstration plots in feed fermentation and counselling regarding the right time to feed. This activity targets fish farmers in the Koto Luar area, Pauh District, Padang, with a fish culturing group, "Family Sepakat", as the partner. Feed fermentation was carried out with probiotic starters such as Bacillus sp., saccharomyces cerevisiae, L. fermentum, L. plantarum, and W. paramesenteroides. This activity improved catfish growth, and the death rate was lower than in catfish farming without feed fermentation treatment.

The Community Service Team of the Chemistry Department has worked closely with the Taman Pendidikan Qur'an (TPQ) and Rumah Tahzhul Qur'an (RTQ) Raudhatul Adzkia Jorong Dalam Koto Nagari Koto Tangah in solving problems faced by partners. The pond catfish farming business supports smooth operational costs and has been running for over a year, but these results still need to be improved for TPQ and RTQ. This activity aims to develop a catfish farming business accompanied by an aquaponic cultivation business to increase income from TPQ and RTQ. The benefit of this activity is that the partners have an Aquaponics business which is cultivating catfish and vegetable plants in the fish pond. The Community Service Team transferred knowledge to partners, especially in cultivating aquaponic plants through entrepreneurship. The activities of the Community Service Team in helping partners are a form of the Andalas University Higher Education Tri Dharma. The method applied to support the realization of this community service program was through supervision, program socialization, and implementation of activities. The result of this activity was that partners could run an aquaponics business to increase income to meet the operational costs of education and teacher salaries.

Salah satu sumber albumin adalah ikan gabus (Channa striata). Albumin dapat mengalami kerusakan yang diakibatkan proses oksidasi selama penyimpanan. Enkapsulasi dapat menjadi salah satu teknologi yang dapat mempertahankan mutu albumin dari kerusakan oksidatif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kualitas ekstrak hidrolisat ikan gabus (C. striata) yang dienkapsilasi dengan minyak berbeda (VCO, zaitun, kemiri, atau wijen) dengan lama penyimpanan 8 minggu. Penelitian terdiri atas beberapa tahap yang meliputi ekstraksi hidrolisat ikan gabus, proses enkapsulasi (maltodekstrin + minyak sesuai perlakuan), dan dilakukan perlakuan penyimpanan 0, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 minggu pada suhu kamar (± 25°C). Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar albumin, kapasitas antioksidan, asam lemak bebas, kadar air, dan kadar abu. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan perlakuan jenis minyak bahan enkapsulasi berpengaruh terhadap kadar albumin, sedangkan waktu penyimpanan tidak berpengaruh terhadap perubahan kadar albumin. Selain itu, perlakuan perbedaan jenis minyak bahan enkapsulasi dan waktu penyimpanan memberikan pengaruh terhadap kapasitas antioksidan, asam lemak bebas, kadar air, dan kadar abu ekstrak hidrolisat ikan gabus. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa minyak kemiri merupakan bahan enkapsulasi terbaik, diiikuti oleh minyak wijen, minyak zaitun, dan VCO. Ekstrak hidrolisat ikan gabus yang dienkapsulasi dengan minyak kemiri hanya mengalami penurunan 0,79% setelah disimpan selama 8 minggu, lebih rendah dari perlakuan dengan minyak wijen (1,02%), minyak zaitun (1,35%), dan VCO (1,72%). Abstract Snakehead fish (Channa striata) has been known as a source of albumin. Albumin is susceptible to oxidation, so that it can be degraded during storage. The encapsulation method is one of technologies to maintain the quality of albumin. This study aimed to determine the hydrolyzed property of snakehead fish (C. striata) encapsulated with olive oil, virgin coconut oil (VCO), candlenut oil, or sesame oil during storage. The stages of research included the manufacture of snakehead fish hydrolysate, encapsulation with a combination of a treatment oil and maltodextrin, and storage time (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks) at room temperature (± 25°C). The parameters observed were albumin content, antioxidant capacity, free fatty acid, water content, and ash content. The results showed that the type of oil as an encapsulating material affected albumin levels, while storage time did not affect changes in albumin levels. In addition, treating different types of encapsulated oil and storage time affects the antioxidant capacity, free fatty acid content, water content, and ash content of snakehead fish hydrolysate. From the present study, it can be concluded that candlenut oil was the best encapsulation material, followed by sesame oil, olive oil, and VCO. The hydrolyzed snakehead fish extract, encapsulated with candlenut oil, only decreased by 0.79% after being stored for eight weeks, lower than treatment with sesame oil (1.02%), olive oil (1.35%), and VCO (1.72%).

Imidacloprid is an insecticide-active ingredient used by farmers to kill and control insects. Imidacloprid residue can be found in unripe tomatoes. Consuming unripe tomatoes contaminated with imidacloprid can cause human health problems such as cancer, chronic kidney disease, neurological disorders, and reproductive issues. In this study, imidacloprid pesticide residues on unripe tomatoes were degraded by the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) method, namely ozonolysis, sonolysis, and sonozolysis at various processing times (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes) in 50 g sample mass and 100 mL water volume. The changes in imidacloprid concentration before and after degradation were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and HPLC. The results of imidacloprid residue degradation by sonolysis was 66.99%, ozonolysis was 74.87%, and sonozolysis was 66.00%. The degradation kinetics of the imidacloprid residue was then studied. Kinetic study of all AOPs methods found that imidacloprid degradation followed a first-order kinetic model. The kinetics data showed that ozonolysis degradation is faster than sonolysis and sonozolysis, with a half-life (t1/2) of 16.90 minutes.

Nanoparticles of cerium oxide have been synthesized by green precipitation method by the presence of Moringa oleifera leaf extract with a short reaction time of 5 h. Base on XRD analysis confirmed structure crystal of cerium oxide the formation was a cubic. CeO2NPs were discovered to have a spherical shape and an average size of 17 nm, as shown in the TEM image. The formation of CeO2NPs was furtherly proven by EDX measurement in the presence of high-intensity peaks referred to Ce and O, with no impurities. The result after FTIR analysis of the nanoparticles demonstrates the appearance of Ce–O stretching, as well as the O–N–O bending disappearance. Based on the DRS UV–Vis analysis result, the band gap energy of CeO2NPs was found to be 18% lower than the bulky size. The synthesized CeO2NPs exhibit a high antimicrobial activity in the range of 15–31 mm zone inhibition.

Biodiesel constitutes an alternative to diesel fuel, developing a base catalyst in cost efficiency and reducing the impact on the environment due to toxic waste and excessive chemicals. This study employed a mixture of an oxide catalyst, CaO/TiO2, which was ably synthesized as a heterogeneous catalyst to convert waste frying oil (WFO) into biodiesel. Heterogeneous catalysts have been characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, SEM-EDX, and BET to identify their crystal type, morphology, composition, and surface area. Catalytic activity was affected by the amount, oil/methanol ratio, reaction temperature, and duration. A 94% biodiesel yield was achieved by optimizing the following reaction parameters: 5wt.%, 6:1 methanol: oil, 65 °C, for 4 h. The addition of TiO2 to CaO improves the catalyst stability and transforms the reactants into products. The structure and characteristics of TiO2 maintained stability and supported CaO well. Its repeated biodiesel fuel production demonstrated the catalyst stability from WFO throughout the transesterification reaction.

A heterogeneous catalyst is one type of catalyst which is very effective for biodiesel production; thus, in this study, a novel heterogeneous bifunctional catalyst was prepared by kaolinite clay obtained from Padang of West Sumatera and impregnated with graphene oxide and potassium hydroxide (KOH) for the simultaneous esterification and transesterification reactions of palm oil into biodiesel. For comparison, two other catalysts were also prepared. The first catalyst was the same clay which was heated at 450ºC for 4 hours, and the second catalyst was the same clay which was impregnated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) only. The three catalysts were characterized using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). XRF analysis showed that the clay sample’s main composition consisted of 54% silica, 35% alumina, and 7% hematite. The XRD analysis results showed that the most dominant crystal composition was quartz, kaolinite, and hematite. The analysis results using FTIR showed a change in intensity and shift in wave numbers indicating a cation exchange. The catalytic activity test was carried out with a ratio of oil and methanol 1:6, catalyst amount 5%, 60ºC reaction temperature, and 4 hours of reaction time.The results showed that the catalytic activity of clays impregnated with graphene oxide and potassium hydroxide was better with a yield of 58% compared to clays without impregnation and other clays that were only impregnated with KOH under the yields of 0.8% and 0.4%, respectively

This study uses broiler chicken eggshells to enhance catalytic activity of clay obtained from Pasaman Barat (West Sumatra, Indonesia) in lab-scale biodiesel production. The eggshell is a source of calcium oxide (CaO) which operates as a catalyst when mixed with the clay (Ca-Clay). Two other catalysts were also prepared as comparisons by 1) heating the clay at 800 oC for 6 hours (P-Clay), 2) mixing the P-Clay with KOH (K-Clay). An X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) showed the elemental composition of Ca-Clay contained Ca, Si, Al, and Fe. An X-ray Diffraction (XRD) showed the formation of highly crystalline CaO in the Ca-Clay with the main peak at 2θ = 37.27o. The Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrum showed an absorption peak in the range of 700-900 cm-1 indicating Ca-O stretching demonstrating successful incorporation of the CaO into the clay. The catalytic activity test showed the Ca-Clay had a higher catalytic performance than P-Clay and K-Clay in terms of the yield of biodiesel produced (73%). Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Background: Most natural plants used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles are limited to marine plants. To carry out applications, colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNps) should have appropriate properties such as homogeneous shapes, small and narrow particle size distribution, and long time stability. This study aims to determine the effects of a variable process of AgNps mediated mangrove Rhizophora stylosa (RS) leaf extract, and antibacterial activity. Methods: Synthesis of AgNps was carried out by stirring silver nitrate solution with aqueous extract. The characterization of AgNps was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) zetasizer and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Evaluation of antibacterial activity was carried out on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Reaction conditions such as the concentration of metal ions (0.001 M, 0.005 M, and 0.01 M), extracts (1%, 3%, and 5% v/v), and the reaction time on the size and stability of nanoparticles were also explored. Results: The UV-Vis spectroscopy showed an absorption of colloidal AgNps in a wavelength range of 403–443 nm. TEM analysis showed that as-synthesized AgNps were spherical in shape with a size range of 5–87 nm. The use of 0.001 M and 0.005 M of Ag+ resulted in a smaller diameter than the synthesized AgNps, using 0.01 M Ag+, in the same extract concentration. The range of zeta potential was -24.9 mV to -27.7 mV. The as-synthesized AgNps were stable for more than one month. The XRD analysis showed four peaks, which were attributed to the face centered cubic crystal structure of metallic silver. The results of the silver nanoparticles synthesis showed good activity on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with an inhibition zone between 4.1–7.2 mm. Conclusions: The AgNps synthesized with RS leaf extract, which is a reducing agent, showed good potential as an antibacterial component.

Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 was synthesized for heterogeneous catalyst. The boron trifluoride modified mesoporous silica BF3/MCM-41 was studied to investigate its ability as supporting agent in heterogeneous catalysis system. For this purpose, the structural directing agent remaining in as-synthesis MCM-41 removed by solvent extraction. Surface modification of mesoporous silica MCM-41 with aniline and boron trifluoride was carried out. Then, the surface of boron trifluoride modified mesoporous silica was subjected to an encapsulation with Ni(II) ions. These solid materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). In the FTIR spectra of the modified silica mesoporous, the presence of vibration band >Si-O-B confirm the success of modification of support. While, the shifting of the vibration band >Si-O-Si< is considered an indication of the proof of Ni(II) species onto the modified mesoporous silica. From the SEM photograph, it can be seen that the morphology of the Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 tend to form aggregates of smaller particles. Based on measurement of metal content by AAS, it was known that the value of metal loading is 33%. While for the leaching test, Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 lost only 0.014 % of Ni metal. It indicates the stability of the interaction between the N(II) and support of the modified mesoporous silica.

The potential corrosion inhibitor properties of xanthone compounds and its derivatives (gartanin, 8-desoxygartanin, α-mangostine, and β-mangostine) can be demonstrated through Density Functional Density Theory (DFT) at the theoretical level B3LYP/6-31G(d, p). Quantum chemical parameters such as the energy of the highest molecular orbital occupied by electrons (EHOMO), the energy of the lowest molecular orbitals not occupied by electrons (ELUMO), energy gap (Egap / ΔE), dipole moment (µ), and total energy (Etot) can be calculated using DFT method. The DFT data analysis equation can determine the value; potential energy (I), electron affinity (A), absolute electronegativity (χ), global hardness (η), global softness (σ), number of transfer electrons (ΔN), electrophilicity (ω), and corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE%) . The results of quantum chemical parameter calculations show the potential inhibitory properties of gartanin > α-mangostine > β-mangostine > 8-desoxygartanin > xanthone, with the calculated corrosion inhibition efficiency value of gartanin of 86.54%.

Karbon aktif dari ampas teh telah disintesis dan telah diuji sebagai elektroda superkapasitor. Pembuatan karbon aktif berdasarkan variasi rasio massa karbon dan aktivator NaOH yaitu 1:4, 1;5 % b/b yang diberi kode AC-4 dan AC-5. Sintesis elektroda karbon aktif di awali dengan proses pra-karbonisasi dan dilanjutkan dengan proses aktivasi kimia. Sampel di karbonisasi pada suhu 800 oC dengan laju kenaikan 50C/menit dalam kondisi gas inert (N2). Karbon aktif ampas teh dikarakterisasi dengan SAA (Surface Area Assessment). Sifat elektrokimia dan kinerja elektroda karbon aktif yang disintesis diukur menggunakan metode voltametri siklik dalam larutan elektrolit H2SO4 1M. Elektroda karbon aktif menunjukkan kapasitansi spesifik tertinggi pada sampel AC-4 yaitu 67 F/g dengan scan rate 1 mV/s dan luas permukaan spesifik 473 m2/g. Mengingat sifat elekrokimia yang menarik tersebut, dan banyaknya ampas teh yang mudah ditemukan disekitar kita maka elektroda karbon aktif ini berpotensi untuk bahan pembuatan superkapasitor elektrokimia skala besar di masa depan. Activated carbon from tea waste has been synthesized and has been tested as a supercapacitor electrode. Making activated carbon based on variations in the ratio of carbon mass and activator NaOH that is 1: 4, 1; 5%wt coded AC-4 and AC-5. Synthesis of activated carbon electrodes begins with the pre-carbonization process and is followed by a chemical activation process. Samples are carbonized at 800 oC with a rate of increase of 50C / min under inert gas (N2) conditions. Activated carbon of tea waste is characterized by SAA (Surface Area Assessment). The electrochemical properties and performance of the activated carbon electrode were measured using the cyclic voltammetry method in a H2SO41 M electrolyte solution. The activated carbon electrode showed the highspecific capacitance in the AC-4 sample of 67 F / g with a scan rate of 1 mV / s and surface area Specifically 473 m2 / g. Considering these interesting electrochemical properties, and the abundance of tea dregs that are easily found around us, this activated carbon electrode has the potential to be a material for making large-scale electrochemical supercapacitors in the future. Keywords:Limbah ampas teh, Aktivator, Kapasitansi spesifik, NaOH, Supekapasitor

This research is an online media study about the phenomenon of ‘waria’ (transgender) people in Indonesia. Okezone.com reports about plans to make ‘Fiqh Waria.’ Fiqh is expected to be a reference for ‘waria’ to perform religious rituals in Islam. Islam has different laws between men and women. Research using Robert N. Entman's Framing Analysis. According to Entman, framing is a selection process that highlights aspects: problem identification, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and action recommendations. The results of the study mentioned that in identifying the problem, it was reported about the plan to make a special jurisprudence called ‘Fiqh Waria.’ In causal interpretation, making fiqh is needed so that they can perform worship after gender changes. In moral evaluation, transgenders are considered to have the same right to perform worship rituals. In the recommended action, it was reported that if the fiqh would become religious jurisprudence that humanizes humans.

Studi karakteristik karbon aktif dari cangkang buah ketaping (Terminalia Catappa) sebagai elektroda superkapasitor telah diteliti. Karbon aktif dari cangkang buah ketaping (CBK) disiapkan dengan proses karbonisasi pada suhu 400oC dan Proses aktivasi KOH pada suhu 800oC di bawah aliran gas N2. Karbon aktif CBK memiliki kandungan karbon dengan massa atomik sebesar 97,52%. Karbon aktif CBK memiliki struktur amorf dengan dua buah puncak yang lebar pada sudut 2θ yaitu 24,93o dan 42,93o yang bersesuaian dengan bidang (002) dan (100). Karbon aktif CBK yang dihasilkan memiliki pola serapan dengan jenis ikatan OH, C-H, C=O, dan C=C. Adanya ikatan OH dan C=O menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif yang dihasilkan cenderung bersifat lebih polar. Morfologi permukaan karbon aktif CBK menunjukan distribusi ukuran pori yang merata dan luas permukaan yang besar. Luas permukaan spesifik karbon aktif dari CBK adalah 799,892 m2×g-1 dengan volume total pori 0,080 cm3×g-1 dan jari-jari pori rata-rata 1,9072 nm. Kapasitansi spesifik dari karbon aktif dari CBK adalah sebesar 125,446 F×g-1. Studies on the characteristics of activated carbon from ketaping fruit shells (Terminalia Catappa) as supercapacitor electrodes have been studied. Activated carbon from ketaping fruit shells (KFS) prepared by carbonization process at 400oC and the KOH activation process is carried out at 800oC under N2 gas flow. Activated carbon KFS has a carbon content with 97.52% of atomic mass. Activated carbon KFS has an amorphous structure with two wide peaks at an angle of 2θ 24.93ᵒ and 42.93ᵒ corresponding to the plane (002) and (100). Activated carbon KFS produced has an absorption pattern with OH, C-H, C = O, and C = C bond types. The presence of OH and C = O bonds indicates that the activated charcoal produced tends to be more polar. The surface morphology of activated carbon KFS shows an even distribution of pore size and large surface area. The specific surface area of activated carbon KFS is 799.892 m2×g-1 with a total pore volume 0.080 cm3×g-1 and an average pore radius of 1.9072 nm. The specific capacitance value of activated carbon KFS is 125.444 F×g-1. Keywords: Ketaping, Activated Carbon, Supercapacitor, Activator, Capacitance.

Studies of green synthesis of nanoparticles mediated by plants extract is extensively explored and studied in recent time due to eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and use a minimum amount of toxic chemicals in the process of inorganic material synthesis. In this study, the immobilization of silver nanoparticles on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO2) was carried out using Uncaria gambier Roxb. leaf extract as a silver ion (Ag+) reducing agent. The synthesized Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed through UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis, which showed a silver surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 426 nm. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that Ag can inhibit the transition of the anatase into rutile phase. The presence of Ag particles in TiO2 can increase the absorption ability from an initial wavelength of 407 nm to 438 nm. Based on the results of Rhodamin B degradation, it can be seen that Ag/TiO2 has a higher photocatalytic activity than bare TiO2 with 99% percent degradation at 120 minutes of irradiation time.

The implementation of TQM at SD Tunas Bangsa Kubu Raya does not always run smoothly. There are things that hinder the implementation. However, even though there are obstacles to the implementation of the TQM, the number of students has increased in the last 5 years. The purpose of this study was to describe (1) Quality leadership at SD Tunas Bangsa Kubu Raya; (2) Quality teamwork at SD Tunas Bangsa Kubu Raya; (3) Efforts to build a quality culture at SD Tunas Bangsa, and (4) Supporting and inhibiting factors for TQM implementation at SD Tunas Bangsa Kubu Raya. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of descriptive research. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out by observation techniques, direct communication techniques, and documentation techniques. The results of this study include (1) Quality leadership carried out by school leaders namely Principal, Deputy Principal, and PYP Curriculum Coordinator based on teamwork, namely the leadership team and the teacher team; (2) Teamwork at SD Tunas Bangsa Kubu Raya consisting of a leadership team and teacher team is considered good because team members develop favorable team behavior and work collaboratively both in making plans and implementing them; (3) Efforts to build a quality culture are sought by leaders and teachers; (4) The supporting factor for the implementation of TQM at SD Tunas Bangsa Kubu Raya is a strong commitment from the leadership and senior teachers. While the inhibiting factor is new teachers need time to understand and be able to perform according to IB quality standards and school standards.

The ultra-hydrophobic surface on Indonesia bamboo timber has been successfully prepared using OFP (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol) as a modifier agent. The hydrothermal method has been used to fabricate anatase TiO2 film followed by OFP modification. Maximal water contact angle of 123ο has been obtained for the composition of 10 mL of OFP and 15 mL of 2-propanol (B-T-OFP10). XRD analysis showed the existence of pure anatase TiO2 film on bamboo timber, confirmed by EDS result. SEM image of a TiO2-coated and a typical ultra-hydrophobic bamboo timber revealed irregular aggregates of spherical TiO2 on the surface and compact ultra-hydrophobic surface, respectively. The optimum sample (B-T-OFP10) showed excellent mechanical stability, self-cleaning property, and flame retardancy compared to pure bamboo timber.

This study aims at examining the various methods of teaching akidah in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Banda Aceh 1, as well as the suitability of its implementation with RPP documentation. This research used a qualitative approach. Hence, several techniques to collect the data including interview, observation and documentation, while data analysis using Miles and Huberman model. The results of this study indicate that the various methods of teaching akidah in MAN Banda Aceh 1 were group discussion, question and answer, inquiry, lecture, working group, training and rewarding. This study also found that methods used in teaching akidah in this school, some are in line with the RPP and some are not.

Relasi sains dan agama Islam sudah final bahwa keduanya tidak ada pertentangan. Namun epistemologi di tingkat aplikasi hubungan sains dengan pembelajaran bersifat Islamis belum dapat diformulasikan dengan baik. Persoalannya para pemikir pendidikan dan pengajaran Islam belum sepakat bahwa pengajaran agama yang bersifat dogmatis dan rasional masih diperdebatkan. Kalangan tradisional belum sepenuhnya mampu menerima rasionalisasi dalam ranah agama, sementara kalangan modernis dinilai menerima agama secara rasional dalam ranah agama juga belum mampu merumuskan operasionalisasi pengajaran islamis rasional-ilmiah. Padahal dunia pendidikan Islam sangat mendesak membutuhkan pemikiran monumental dalam kajian teologis rasional dalam proses pengajaran agama baik tingkat menengah maupun tinggi. Desakan ini sebagai refleksi tuntutan perkembangan sains dan teknologi bersifat rasional-empiris ilmiah, bukan lagi sekedar wacana dan romatisme keunggulan sejarah masa lalu. Salah satu tawaran rasionalisasi pembelajaran agama adalah menampilkan pengajaran agama secara konkrit berupa visualisasi (animasi, gambar mati, alat peraga dan lain-lain) di tingkat pendidikan menengah dan dukungan analisis data berupa grafik, matriks, flow chart, bagan dan sebagainya di perguruan tinggi. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan, Pembelajaran, Islam, Konkrit,dan Sains

Degradation of Metanil yellow has been done. In this research the degradation process was done by photolysis and sunlighting method by using TiO2-SnO2 catalysis. The residu of metanil yellow was centrifuged and measured by UV/Vis Spectrophotometer at 300 – 600 nm after degradation. 6 mg/L of Metanil yellow and addition of 0,03 g TiO2-anatase and SnO2 for 150 min, gave the percentage of degradation 27,38 % and 25,00 % after photolysis. 6 mg/L of Metanil yellow and addition of 0,03 g TiO2-anatase and SnO2 for 150 min, gave the percentage of degradation 94,84% and 93,25% after lighted by sun with 1,13256 1015 foton cm-2/s intensity. From the results percentage of degradation showed that degradation with the addition of TiO2-anatase and SnO2 can improve the degradation of methanil yellow. The percentage of degradation proves that the addition of TiO2-anatase and SnO2 which is lighted by sun is better than photolysis process.

Tudingan bahwa tasawuf, terutama setelah hadirnya karya monumental imam al-Ghazali, telah membuat dunia Islam mengalami kelesuan intelektual tampaknya memang tidak dapat ditolak dengan kembali menelaah konsep-konsep tasawuf yang seringkali menimbulkan kesan “permusuhan” terhadap kehidupan duniawi dengan segala hingar bingarnya (zuhud), begitu pun halnya ketika menelaah konsep tawakkal yang telah mencerabut kemampuan kreatif manusia menuju pada ketaklukan di bawah kuasa takdir.

Catalysts have played an important role in many industries because they allow the reaction occurs faster. The aim of this work were to synthesize and characterize a Cu(II)-acetonitrile complex immobilized on modified silica and to investigate its catalytic activity at optimal condition (catalyst concentration, stirring rate, and the duration of reaction) in transesterification of frying oil. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nano Laser-Particle Size Analyzer (NL-PSA) were used to characterized the catalyst obtained, metal loading and leaching of the copper content was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and the formation of product from transesterification reaction was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). FTIR spectra reveal a successful synthesis of modified silica and the immobilized Cu(II)-acetonitrile complex on it. NL-PSA Analysis showed that the catalyst possesed smaller particle size than the parent silica. Analysis with AAS confirms the stable catalysts formed because metal loading and leaching value were of 6.19 and 0.16%, respectively. The optimum conditions were found to be 0.80% catalyst concentration, 300 rpm stirring rate and 10 h duration of reaction.

Telah dilakukan sintesis lapisan tipis TiO2 menggunakan metode elektrodeposisi dan spin coating. Elektrodeposisi menggunakan larutan elektrolit 0,25 M TiCl3. Dalam penelitian ini juga dilakukan variasi larutan elektrolit dengan penambahan CTAB, PEG dan penambahan H3BO3. Selanjutnya lapisan TiO2 disintesis menggunakan metode spin coating yang dilakukan di atas lapisan TiO2 setelah elektrodeposisi. Larutan prekusor yang digunakan adalah Titanium Butoxide (Ti(OC4H9)4 dengan waktu aging larutan 48 jam. Hasil karakterisasi SEM menunjukkan elektrodeposisi lapisan tipis TiO2 dengan penambahan CTAB dan PEG menghasilkan morfologi permukaan yang homogen dan berpori pada lapisan TiO2. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi UV-Vis, energi gap TiO2 pada sampel yang disintesis menggunakan metode elektrodeposisi adalah 3,86 eV, sedangkan nilai energi gap yang didapat pada sampel menggunakan metode spin coating adalah 3,18 eV.

Abstract: All verses Quran are opened to be interpreted in various science contexts, including education. This article focuses on study at reconstructing the instructional concept of Quran. Results of this study indicate that instructional concepts own sturdy bases in al-Qur’an. A lot of verses of Quran give indication of people to learn more about thinking than memorizing. The past occurrence mirrors the instructional dynamics of human learning. The instructors are not only Allah, but also people, bird, and nature. Al-Qur’an always learns human being based on concrete media support even if the items are eschatology and theology. The instructional conception of Quran must not only use term ‘allama-yu‘allimu, but also yuwâri, yatafakkaru containing instructional elements. This reality shows that instructional concepts of Quran put more nuances of concrete-media than abstract-verbal ones.Abstrak: Semua ayat al-Qur’an terbuka untuk ditafsirkan dalam berbagai konteks keilmuan, termasuk pendidikan. Tulisan ini memfokuskan rekonstruksi konsep pembelajaran al-Qur’an. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan konsep pembelajaran memiliki dasar kokoh dalam al-Qur’an. Banyak ayat al-Qur’an memberikan indikasi manusia belajar lebih banyak berpikir daripada menghafal. Kejadian masa lalu mencerminkan pembelajaran manusia secara dinamis. Pelaku proses pembelajaran bukan saja Allah, tetapi juga manusia, burung, dan alam. Al-Qur’an membelajarkan manusia berbasis dukungan media konkrit al-Qur’an sekalipun materi eskatologis dan teologis. Konsep pembelajaran al-Qur’an tidak mesti menggunakan istilah ‘allama-yu‘allimu, tetapi juga yuwâri, yatafakkaru mengandung unsur pembelajaran. Realitas ini menunjukkan, konsep pembelajaran al-Qur’an lebih bernuansa media konkrit daripada abstrak-verbal.

Background: Most natural plants used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles are limited to marine plants. To carry out applications, colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNps) should have appropriate properties such as homogeneous shapes, small and narrow particle size distribution, and long time stability. This study aims to determine the effects of a variable process of AgNps mediated mangrove Rhizophora stylosa (RS) leaf extract, and antibacterial activity. Methods: Synthesis of AgNps was carried out by stirring silver nitrate solution with aqueous extract. The characterization of AgNps was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) zetasizer and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Evaluation of antibacterial activity was carried out on E scherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Reaction conditions such as the concentration of metal ions (0.001 M, 0.005 M, and 0.01 M), extracts (1%, 3%, and 5% v/v), and the reaction time on the size and stability of nanoparticles were also explored. Results: The UV-Vis spectroscopy showed an absorption of colloidal AgNps in a wavelength range of 403–443 nm. TEM analysis showed that as-synthesized AgNps were spherical in shape with a size range of 5–87 nm. The use of 0.001 M and 0.005 M of Ag + resulted in a smaller diameter than the synthesized AgNps, using 0.01 M Ag +, in the same extract concentration. The range of zeta potential was -24.9 mV to -27.7 mV. The as-synthesized AgNps were stable for more than one month. The XRD analysis showed four peaks, which were attributed to the face centered cubic crystal structure of metallic silver. The results of the silver nanoparticles synthesis showed good activity on E scherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with an inhibition zone between 4.1–7.2 mm. Conclusions: The AgNps synthesized with RS leaf extract, which is a reducing agent, showed good potential as an antibacterial component.