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1. Towards the Discovery of New Elements: Production of Livermorium (Z=116) with 50Ti

Author

Gates, J. M., Orford, R., Rudolph, D., Appleton, C., Barrios, B. M., Benitez, J. Y., Bordeau, M., Botha, W., Campbell, C. M., Chadderton, J., Chemey, A. T., Clark, R. M., Crawford, H. L., Despotopulos, J. D., Dorvaux, O., Esker, N. E., Fallon, P., Folden III, C. M., Gall, B. J. P., Garcia, F. H., Golubev, P., Gooding, J. A., Grebo, M., Gregorich, K. E., Guerrero, M., Henderson, R. A., Herzberg, R. -D., Hrabar, Y., King, T. T., Covo, M. Kireeff, Kirkland, A. S., Krücken, R., Leistenschneider, E., Lykiardopoulou, E. M., McCarthy, M., Mildon, J. A., Müller-Gatermann, C., Phair, L., Pore, J. L., Rice, 1 E., Rykaczewski, K. P., Sammis, B. N., Sarmiento, L. G., Seweryniak, D., Sharp, D. K., Sinjari, A., Steinegger, P., Stoyer, M. A., Szornel, J. M., Thomas, K., Todd, D. S., Vo, P., Watson, V., and Wooddy, P. T.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The $^{244}$Pu($^{50}$Ti,$xn$)$^{294-x}$Lv reaction was investigated at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-Inch Cyclotron facility. The experiment was aimed at the production of a superheavy element with $Z\ge 114$ by irradiating an actinide target with a beam heavier than $^{48}$Ca. Produced Lv ions were separated from the unwanted beam and nuclear reaction products using the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator and implanted into a newly commissioned focal plane detector system. Two decay chains were observed and assigned to the decay of $^{290}$Lv. The production cross section was measured to be $\sigma_{\rm prod}=0.44(^{+58}_{-28})$~pb at a center-of-target center-of-mass energy of 220(3)~MeV. This represents the first published measurement of the production of a superheavy element near the `Island-of-Stability', with a beam of $^{50}$Ti and is an essential precursor in the pursuit of searching for new elements beyond $Z=118$., Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters

Published
2024

2. Balancing ion parameters and fluorocarbon chemical reactants for SiO2 pattern transfer control using fluorocarbon-based atomic layer etching

Author

Dallorto, S, Lorenzon, M, Szornel, J, Schwartzberg, A, Goodyear, A, Cooke, M, Hofmann, M, Rangelow, IW, and Cabrini, S

Subjects
Atmospheric Sciences, Materials Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Applied Physics
Abstract

In manufacturing, etch profiles play a significant role in device patterning. Here, the authors present a study of the evolution of etch profiles of nanopatterned silicon oxide using a chromium hard mask and a CHF3/Ar atomic layer etching in a conventional inductively coupled plasma tool. The authors show the effect of substrate electrode temperature, chamber pressure, and electrode forward power on the etch profile evolution of nanopatterned silicon oxide. Chamber pressure has an especially significant role, with lower pressure leading to lower etch rates and higher pattern fidelity. The authors also find that at higher electrode forward power, the physical component of etching increases and more anisotropic etching is achieved. By carefully tuning the process parameters, the authors are able to find the best conditions to achieve aspect-ratio independent etching and high fidelity patterning, with an average sidewall angle of 87° ± 1.5° and undercut values as low as 3.7 ± 0.5% for five trench sizes ranging from 150 to 30 nm. Furthermore, they provide some guidelines to understand the impact of plasma parameters on plasma ion distribution and thus on the atomic layer etching process.

Published
2019

5. sPHENIX Collaboration

Author

Angerami, A., primary, Alfred, M., additional, Atkin, E., additional, Akiba, Y., additional, Aidala, C., additional, Azmoun, B., additional, Arratia, M., additional, Aune, S., additional, Bathe, S., additional, Bumazhnov, V., additional, Berdnikov, Y., additional, Brooks, W., additional, Barish, K., additional, Bellwied, R., additional, Blau, D., additional, Brooks, M., additional, Brandin, A., additional, Babintsev, V., additional, Berdnikov, A., additional, Bernauer, J., additional, Bi, R., additional, Bailey, V., additional, Bazilevsky, A., additional, Belmont, R., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Chi, C., additional, Connors, M., additional, Csanad, M., additional, Citron, Z., additional, Cole, B., additional, Csörgő, T., additional, Chaturvedi, O., additional, Canoa-Roman, V., additional, Contin, G., additional, Chen, X., additional, David, G., additional, Denisov, A., additional, Durum, A., additional, Durham, M., additional, Dehmelt, K., additional, Drees, A., additional, Dumancic, M., additional, Danley, T., additional, Deshpande, A., additional, Osborn, J.D., additional, Dong, X., additional, Dixit, D., additional, Esumi, S., additional, Enokizono, A., additional, El Alaoui, A., additional, En'yo, H., additional, Franz, A., additional, Frawley, A., additional, Finger, M., additional, Fadem, B., additional, Fokin, S., additional, Frantz, J., additional, Fields, D., additional, Feege, N., additional, Friscic, I., additional, Grau, N., additional, Gupta, N., additional, Gunji, T., additional, Greene, V., additional, Garg, P., additional, Grosse Perdekamp, M., additional, Goto, Y., additional, Gao, C., additional, Haggerty, J., additional, Huang, J., additional, He, X., additional, van Hecke, H., additional, Hasegawa, S., additional, Hong, B., additional, Hemmick, T., additional, Hakobyan, H., additional, Huang, H., additional, Harris, J., additional, Hoffmann, G., additional, Hodges, A., additional, Hasell, D., additional, Hill, K., additional, Hachiya, T., additional, Ivanishchev, D., additional, Kim, E.J., additional, Jouan, D., additional, Skoby, M.J., additional, Jacak, B., additional, Singh, B.K., additional, Kistenev, E., additional, Klein, A., additional, Kazantsev, A., additional, Khanzadeev, A., additional, Komkov, B., additional, Kotov, D., additional, Kurita, K., additional, Kincses, D., additional, Kuleshov, S., additional, Kim, C., additional, Koehler, M., additional, Kwon, Y., additional, Kapukchyan, D., additional, Kang, J., additional, Klein, S., additional, Kunnawalkam, R., additional, Lajoie, J., additional, Lebedev, A., additional, Li, X., additional, Lim, S., additional, Liu, K., additional, Liu, M., additional, Llope, B., additional, Lee, Y., additional, Loggins, V., additional, Lai, Y., additional, Liu, A., additional, Mannel, E., additional, Morrison, D., additional, McCumber, M., additional, McGaughey, P., additional, Manko, V., additional, Malayev, M., additional, Mignerey, A., additional, Markert, C., additional, Milov, A., additional, Murata, J., additional, Milner, R., additional, McGlinchey, D., additional, Majoros, T., additional, Mitsuka, G., additional, Ma, Y., additional, Nouicer, R., additional, Nyanin, A., additional, Nagy, M., additional, Novak, T., additional, Nagle, J., additional, Nattrass, C., additional, Nakano, K., additional, Nakagawa, I., additional, O'Brien, E., additional, Ogilvie, C., additional, Okorokov, V., additional, Orjuela Koop, J., additional, Odyniec, G., additional, Pinkenburg, C., additional, Pisani, R., additional, Purschke, M., additional, Pantuev, V., additional, Peresunko, D., additional, Pate, S., additional, Pinsky, L., additional, Pruneau, C., additional, Putschke, J., additional, Papavassiliou, V., additional, Perez-Lara, C., additional, Park, S., additional, Pun, A., additional, Paladi, H., additional, Phipps, M., additional, Pereira Da Costa, H., additional, Procureur, S., additional, Reed, R., additional, Riabov, V., additional, Rostchin, E., additional, Ryabov, Y., additional, Radzevich, P., additional, Ray, L., additional, Rosati, M., additional, Ramasubramanian, N., additional, Redwine, R., additional, Roland, C., additional, Roland, G., additional, Richford, D., additional, Sakaguchi, T., additional, Steinberg, P., additional, Shei, I., additional, Sen, A., additional, Sato, S., additional, Soltz, R., additional, Snowball, M., additional, Sondheim, W., additional, Shimomura, M., additional, Samsonov, V., additional, da Silva, C., additional, Strikhanov, M., additional, Stankus, P., additional, Salur, S., additional, Sziklai, J., additional, Shibata, T.-A., additional, Seto, R., additional, Sickles, A., additional, Schambach, J., additional, Sarsour, M., additional, Sako, H., additional, Seidl, R., additional, Singh, A., additional, Stephans, G., additional, Shi, Z., additional, Sun, Z., additional, Surrow, B., additional, Stoll, S., additional, Sourikova, I., additional, Szornel, J., additional, Shi, S., additional, Sabatier, F., additional, Shulga, E., additional, Tannenbaum, M., additional, Tanida, K., additional, Taranenko, A., additional, Timmins, A., additional, Tarafdar, S., additional, Tsai, O., additional, Tserruya, I., additional, Tarnai, G., additional, Torales-Acosta, F., additional, Ujvari, B., additional, Vrba, V., additional, Voloshin, S., additional, Velkovska, J., additional, Vazquez Carson, S., additional, Perepelitsa, D.V., additional, Vandenbroucke, M., additional, Woody, C., additional, Wickes, A., additional, Watanabe, Y., additional, Wang, Y., additional, Wang, Z., additional, Xu, N., additional, Xie, W., additional, Yanovich, A., additional, Yushmanov, I., additional, Yu, H., additional, Yamaguchi, Y., additional, Yokkaichi, S., additional, Yang, P., additional, Yajun, M., additional, You, Z., additional, Zajc, B., additional, and Zharko, S., additional

Published
2019
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6. sPHENIX Collaboration

Author

Aidala, C.A., primary, Akiba, Y., additional, Alfred, M., additional, Angerami, A., additional, Arratia, M., additional, Atkin, E., additional, Azmoun, B., additional, Babintsev, V., additional, Bailey, V., additional, Barish, K., additional, Bathe, S., additional, Bazilevsky, A., additional, Bellwied, R., additional, Belmont, R., additional, Berdnikov, Y., additional, Berdnikov, A., additional, Bernauer, J., additional, Bi, R., additional, Blau, D., additional, Brandin, A., additional, Brooks, M., additional, Brooks, W., additional, Bumazhnov, V., additional, Campbell, S., additional, Canoa-Roman, V., additional, Chaturvedi, O., additional, Chi, C., additional, Chiu, M., additional, Citron, Z., additional, Cole, B., additional, Connors, M., additional, Contin, G., additional, Csanád, M., additional, Csörgő, T., additional, da Silva, C., additional, Danley, T., additional, David, G., additional, Dehmelt, K., additional, Denisov, A., additional, Deshpande, A., additional, Dixit, D., additional, Dong, X., additional, Drees, A., additional, Dumancic, M., additional, Durham, M., additional, Durum, A., additional, El Alaoui, A., additional, En'yo, H., additional, Enokizono, A., additional, Eppley, G., additional, Esumi, S., additional, Fadem, B., additional, Feege, N., additional, Fields, D., additional, Finger, M., additional, Fokin, S., additional, Frantz, J., additional, Franz, A., additional, Frawley, A., additional, Friscic, I., additional, Garg, P., additional, Goto, Y., additional, Grau, N., additional, Greene, V., additional, Grosse Perdekamp, M., additional, Gunji, T., additional, Gupta, N., additional, Hachiya, T., additional, Haggerty, J., additional, Hakobyan, H., additional, Harris, J., additional, Hasegawa, S., additional, Hasell, D., additional, He, X., additional, Hemmick, T., additional, Hill, K., additional, Hodges, A., additional, Hoffmann, G., additional, Hong, B., additional, Huang, H., additional, Huang, J., additional, Ivanishchev, D., additional, Jacak, B., additional, Jouan, D., additional, Kang, J., additional, Kapukchyan, D., additional, Kazantsev, A., additional, Khanzadeev, A., additional, Kim, E., additional, Kim, C., additional, Kincses, D., additional, Kistenev, E., additional, Klein, S., additional, Klein, A., additional, Koehler, M., additional, Komkov, B., additional, Kotov, D., additional, Kuleshov, S., additional, Kurita, K., additional, Kwon, Y., additional, Lai, Y., additional, Lajoie, J., additional, Lebedev, A., additional, Lee, Y., additional, Li, X., additional, Lim, S., additional, Liu, M., additional, Liu, K., additional, Liu, A., additional, Llope, B., additional, Loggins, V., additional, Majoros, T., additional, Malayev, M., additional, Manko, V., additional, Mannel, E., additional, Markert, C., additional, McCumber, M., additional, McGaughey, P., additional, Mcglinchey, D., additional, Mignerey, A., additional, Milner, R., additional, Milov, A., additional, Mitsuka, G., additional, Morrison, D., additional, Murata, J., additional, Nagle, J., additional, Nagy, M., additional, Nakagawa, I., additional, Nattrass, C., additional, Nakano, K., additional, Nouicer, R., additional, Novak, T., additional, Nyanin, A., additional, O'Brien, E., additional, Odyniec, G., additional, Ogilvie, C., additional, Okorokov, V., additional, Orjuela-Koop, J., additional, Osborn, J., additional, Paladi, H., additional, Pantuev, V., additional, Papavassiliou, V., additional, Park, S., additional, Pate, S., additional, Perepelitsa, D.V., additional, Peresunko, D., additional, Perez-Lara, C., additional, Phipps, M., additional, Pinkenburg, C., additional, Pinsky, L., additional, Pisani, R., additional, Pruneau, C., additional, Pun, A., additional, Purschke, M., additional, Putschke, J., additional, Radzevich, P., additional, Ramasubramanian, N., additional, Ray, L., additional, Redwine, R., additional, Reed, R., additional, Riabov, V., additional, Roland, C., additional, Roland, G., additional, Rosati, M., additional, Rostchin, E., additional, Ryabov, Y., additional, Sakaguchi, T., additional, Sako, H., additional, Salur, S., additional, Samsonov, V., additional, Sarsour, M., additional, Sato, S., additional, Schambach, J., additional, Seidl, R., additional, Sen, A., additional, Seto, R., additional, Shei, I., additional, Shi, Z., additional, Shibata, T.-A., additional, Shimomura, M., additional, Sickles, A., additional, Singh, B.K., additional, Singh, A., additional, Skoby, M., additional, Snowball, M., additional, Soltz, R., additional, Sondheim, W., additional, Sourikova, I., additional, Stankus, P., additional, Steinberg, P., additional, Stephans, G., additional, Stoll, S., additional, Strikhanov, M., additional, Sun, Z., additional, Surrow, B., additional, Sziklai, J., additional, Szornel, J., additional, Tanida, K., additional, Tannenbaum, M., additional, Tarafdar, S., additional, Taranenko, A., additional, Tarnai, G., additional, Timmins, A., additional, Torales-Acosta, F., additional, Tsai, O., additional, Tserruya, I., additional, Ujvari, B., additional, van Hecke, H., additional, Vazquez Carson, S., additional, Velkovska, J., additional, Voloshin, S., additional, Vrba, V., additional, Watanabe, Y., additional, Wickes, A., additional, Woody, C., additional, Xu, N., additional, Yamaguchi, Y., additional, Yanovich, A., additional, Yokkaichi, S., additional, Yu, H., additional, Yushmanov, I., additional, Zajc, B., additional, and Zharko, S., additional

Published
2017
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7. Characterizing hole trap production due to proton irradiation in germanium cross-strip detectors.

Author

Pike SN, Boggs SE, Brewster G, Haight SE, Roberts JM, Shih AY, Szornel J, Tomsick JA, and Zoglauer A

Abstract

We present an investigation into the effects of high-energy proton damage on charge trapping in germanium cross-strip detectors with the goal of accomplishing three important measurements. First, we calibrated and characterized the spectral resolution of a spare COSI-balloon detector in order to determine the effects of intrinsic trapping, finding that electron trapping due to impurities dominates over hole trapping in the undamaged detector. Second, we performed two rounds of proton irradiation of the detector in order to quantify, for the first time, the rate at which charge traps are produced by proton irradiation. We find that the product of the hole trap density and cross-sectional area, [ n σ ] h , follows a linear relationship with the proton fluence, F p , with a slope of ( 5.4 ± 0.4 ) × 10 - 11 cm / p + . Third, by utilizing our measurements of physical trapping parameters, we performed calibrations which corrected for the effects of trapping and mitigated degradation to the spectral resolution of the detector., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2025.)

Published
2025
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8. Toward the Discovery of New Elements: Production of Livermorium (Z=116) with ^{50}Ti.

Author

Gates JM, Orford R, Rudolph D, Appleton C, Barrios BM, Benitez JY, Bordeau M, Botha W, Campbell CM, Chadderton J, Chemey AT, Clark RM, Crawford HL, Despotopulos JD, Dorvaux O, Esker NE, Fallon P, Folden CM, Gall BJP, Garcia FH, Golubev P, Gooding JA, Grebo M, Gregorich KE, Guerrero M, Henderson RA, Herzberg RD, Hrabar Y, King TT, Kireeff Covo M, Kirkland AS, Krücken R, Leistenschneider E, Lykiardopoulou EM, McCarthy M, Mildon JA, Müller-Gatermann C, Phair L, Pore JL, Rice E, Rykaczewski KP, Sammis BN, Sarmiento LG, Seweryniak D, Sharp DK, Sinjari A, Steinegger P, Stoyer MA, Szornel JM, Thomas K, Todd DS, Vo P, Watson V, and Wooddy PT

Abstract

The ^{244}Pu(^{50}Ti,xn)^{294-x}Lv reaction was investigated at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-Inch Cyclotron. The experiment was aimed at the production of a superheavy element with Z≥114 by irradiating an actinide target with a beam heavier than ^{48}Ca. Produced Lv ions were separated from the unwanted beam and nuclear reaction products using the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator and implanted into a newly commissioned focal-plane detector system. Two decay chains were observed and assigned to the decay of ^{290}Lv. The production cross section was measured to be σ_{prod}=0.44(_{-0.28}^{+0.58})  pb at a center-of-target center-of-mass energy of 220(3) MeV. This represents the first published measurement of the production of a superheavy element near the "island of stability," with a beam of ^{50}Ti and is an essential precursor in the pursuit of searching for new elements beyond Z=118.

Published
2024
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