Search

This paper tends to reiterate the awareness-arousing characteristics of the third-wave feminism: heterogeneity, transnationalism, individual testimony, cultural hybridity, coalitional identity and collective empowerment by responding to the article, “Feminism’s Third Wave: What Do Young Women Want?” published by Wendy Kaminer, who criticizes that for the purpose of voicing the indignation at being unfairly oppressed in class, gender and race, how third-wave feminists improperly take miserable testimony as the therapeutic route against the unfair treatment from the patriarchal power. By declaiming third wavers’ presenting their personal oppressed histories as an inadequate process to limit public issues into personal ones, Kaminer points out it is risk-taking in finitely constructing the politics of third-wave feminism by expressing private testimonies. However, one of the representative feminists in third-wave movement, Babara Findlen, has mentioned, “Individual women’s experiences of sexism have always been an important basis for political awareness and action. This collection gives voice to young feminists’ personal experiences because they have often been, and continue to be, our point of entry into feminism” (15). Individuals’ voices not only play significant roles to construct the foundation of feminist theory but can be collected as the approaches to feminism relating to both personal and public phronesis. For responding to Kamnier’s undervaluing the fixed position of an individual in third-wave feminism, this paper tends to discuss how third wavers embrace the characteristic of coalition with multiple identities by sharing their personal life records in the light of the conception, “the personal is political.”

The Asian American literary work written by Eddie Huang, Fresh off the Boat expounds how the immigrant family pursuits the ideal American Dream in Orlando. Asian American characters can hardly survive in the racist fissure due to ethnic discrimination and denigration in Western immigrant society. Being absurdly imposed with stereotyped images arising from culture collisions, how the protagonist of the reminiscence strives for being a warrior to subvert prejudiced stereotypes in traumatic life experiences is the dominant issue to be analyzed in this paper in accordance with the following steps: First, expound the crisis of uncertain Asian American identity resulting from culture collision; Second, decipher model minority myth imposed with racial bias; Third, probe into traumatic experiences caused by stereotype in various space; Fourth, discuss the formation of Asian American subjectivity through the perspective of cultural diversification, and finally, explore the finding of how ethnic stereotype is subverted for subjectivation.

The disquisitive purport of this paper tends to elucidate how an Asian-American female protagonist vanquishes perturbation arising from uncertain identity and inferior status by spiritually and physically motivating the empowerment of agency through migration. Among the White Moon Faces: An Asian-American Memoir of Homeland, written in the first person to delineate the female writer Shirley Lim’s reminiscence, unequivocally elucidates the tensility of female empowerment due to migration— the process not only reshaping one’s identification of subjectivity but unfolding one’s multiple territories with regard to gender, race and class. Lim’s migrating experiences accompanied by inward percipience expatiates on how an individual with femininity copes with struggling caused by dislocation of female self domestically, racially and nationally. Correspondingly, the protagonist’s subjectivity reconstruction will be explained in the light of Gayatri Spivak’s theory of negotiating the structures of violence and Yuval-Davis’ declaration of transversal politics.

This paper tends to analyze human instrumental intentionality in Earnest Hemingway’s Green Hills of Africa in accordance with Australian ecologist, Val Plumwood’s argument over “instrumentalized ego.” By probing into Hemingway’s African hunting memoir defined as ecological literary demonstration, the following content will be positioned with three orientations: first, criticizing human instrumentalized intention relating to egoism; second, examining how human beings are bound with profit intention with fictitious anthropocentric attitude toward other creatures on earth; third, exploring possible solutions to cope with human-centered crisis for maintaining amicable correlation between humans and nonhumans in ecological system.

This review starts with a brief description of key findings from Nader et al. (2000) which stimulate vibrant research of memory reconsolidation in the new millennium. It then zooms in to two aspects of the process that have important implications on whether a memory is susceptible to reconsolidation interference. First, memory strength contributes to a boundary condition on reconsolidation. The relevant receptor and circuit mechanisms are reviewed. Second, reactivation procedures affect memory destabilisation and memory susceptibility to reconsolidation interference. Recent null findings are briefly mentioned. Finally, it covers current discoveries of 'tagging along' reconsolidation to boost memory persistence. This review primarily focuses on evidence from fear conditioning paradigms, as interfering reconsolidation of fear memory paves ways for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Hippocampal-dependent spatial memories and reconsolidation are then discussed, as this approach provides crucial implications in boosting everyday memory persistence and insights on improving cognitive functions in aging.

Background/Purpose Edentulous ridges with height discrepancies (RHDs) could jeopardize the outcome of implant placement. This study aimed at evaluating the outcomes of placing regular- and slope-configured implants in RHDs. Methods Patients with >1 mm RHDs requesting implant rehabilitation were recruited and randomly assigned to regular- (control) or slope-configured (test) implant treatment using a submerged installation protocol. Thread exposure (TE) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were evaluated during implant installation (S1) and uncovered surgery (S2), and marginal bone level (MBL) was evaluated after implant installation (T1) and uncovery (T3), and one year after implant placement (T4). Periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers of adjacent teeth were evaluated before implant installation (T0), before uncovery (T2), and at T4. Peri-implant clinical status and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) biomarkers of examined implants were evaluated at T4. Results Nineteen patients with 17 control and 13 test implants were included. All of the implants survived with acceptable peri-implant health, and PICF biomarkers were at equivalent levels as GCF biomarkers of the adjacent teeth at T4. Compared with the control group, the test group showed reduced TE and equivalent ISQ at S1 and S2, and the loss of MBL was reduced at T4. Regarding the adjacent teeth, all periodontal parameters and GCF biomarkers were slightly decreased from T0 to T2, and the reductions in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were slightly greater at T4. Conclusion Slope-configured implants maintained the implant-supporting structures and minimally altered periodontal status of the adjacent teeth in RHDs.

Background Oral commissure and buccal complex defects are commonly seen after cancer ablation. Free flap reconstruction can offer adequate soft tissue volume and outer skin lining. However, oral incompetence often occurs when an oral commissure has defects, particularly when the patient receives postoperative radiotherapy. The purpose of this article was to describe our method of the modified stair-step technique and improve the oral competence. Methods This study involves 22 patients who had partial lower lip and/or upper lip defects and underwent flap reconstruction and/or postoperative radiotherapy resulting in oral incontinence. Fourteen patients had been treated with an anterolateral thigh flap, 7 patients had been treated with a radial forearm flap, and 1 patient had been treated with a fibular osteocutaneous flap. Our modified stair-step commissuroplasty was done in all cases, and a debulking procedure was done in each second operation. Results Acceptable oral continence and contour were achieved in 19 patients. Some patients still had drooling after their second operation, but it was considerably less than before. Conclusions This technique is an easy procedure for revision of lower lip deformities after oral commissure reconstruction.

This study applied lignosulfonate as raw material to develop porous carbon for ethylene adsorption, followed by testing for this material's ethylene adsorption efficiency and capacity. The results indicated that the gas released (CH4, H2, CO, and CO2) during pyrolysis could generate a pore structure on lignosulfonate-based carbon surface, regarded as the self-activated mechanism. Pore structure formation increased pore volume and resulted in generation of various pore shapes. When carbonization temperature was less than 800 °C, specific surface area of the samples increased with temperature, and it decreased otherwise. Moreover, with increasing carbonization temperature, the samples’ carbon content increased but hydrogen content decreased. Ethylene adsorption uptake increased as carbonization temperature increased. Adsorption capacity was maximum when carbonization temperature was 800 °C. It was influenced by the pore structure, and specifically, it increased as micropore volume increased. In addition, physical adsorption was the main mechanism of ethylene adsorption for the lignosulfonate-based porous carbon, leading to efficient adsorption-desorption cycles. Finally, its application as an ethylene scavenger can potentially transcend currently available products.

PurposeBased on the concept of information salience, the research investigates the factors that might drive potential differences in consumers' preferences between offers framed as free with purchase or as a bundle.Design/methodology/approachFour experiments examined how participants' preferences for bundled offers or free-with-purchase offers varied as a function of the perceived benefits to be obtained from the supplementary products (studies 1a and 1b) and identified participants' sensitivity to the price of the supplementary component as a mediator of the framing effect of a promotional offer (study 2) and the provision of information facilitating the drawing of comparisons as the boundary condition constraining the effectiveness of a free-with-purchase offer (study 3).FindingsResults show that a bundled offer is preferable to a free-with-purchase offer when the supplementary product provides a high-level rather than a low-level benefit and identify price sensitivity as an underlying mechanism behind the observed effect. Furthermore, consumers' sensitivity to the value of the focal product in the deal brought to their attention by comparative information makes a fair charge for a relatively unattractive component the preferable offer.Originality/valueWhile much of the existing published research on bundled offers focuses on the assigning of discounts to individual products in the bundle, this study adds to the body of knowledge by showing that variation in perceived benefits is the key driver of different responses to a free-with-purchase offer versus a bundled offer.

Background Excessive gingival display is an aesthetic concern for patients and a challenge for clinicians. An accurate diagnosis is essential in order to provide effective treatment. Aim The aim of the present article is to fill a gap in the current literature by providing clinicians with an overview and a stepwise approach to assessing gingival excess, as well as reviewing possible treatment. Method Published articles related to smile aesthetics and excessive gingival display over the last 40 years were identified and analysed through an electronic search. Results An examination should be initiated extra-orally to distinguish contributing skeletal factors. The relationships of four aesthetic parameters (LIPG): lip length (L), incisal lines (I), tooth proportions (P), and gingival lines (G), should be examined individually to determine other possible causes of gingival excess. Contributing factors may include a short or hypermobile upper lip, dentoalveolar extrusion, or altered passive eruption. Further investigation to identify patients who might benefit from orthognathic surgery, orthodontic treatment alone, lip repositioning or botulinum injection, or aesthetic crown lengthening procedures, should be conducted to reconfirm a diagnosis and provide the optimal treatment. Conclusion Clinicians can have a dental blueprint for anterior tooth reconstruction and are able to provide comprehensive treatment in co-operation with other disciplines. By understanding the principles of an aesthetic smile line, the aetiology of an excessive gingival display and treatment concepts, clinicians may provide alternative treatments to avoid extensive surgical procedures while achieving acceptable outcomes.

The objectives of this study were twofold: developing lignosulfonate activated carbon fibers (LACFs) and determining the corresponding metal recovery mechanisms with batch experiments and non-linear modeling. LACFs were developed through electrospinning, followed by CO

Background In 2017, a novel classification for pelvic injuries was established by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES). We validated its effectiveness using nationwide real-world data. The roles of associated vascular injury and open fracture in this system were also evaluated. Methods Patients with pelvic fractures in the National Trauma Data Bank 2015 dataset were retrospectively studied. First, the mortality rates were compared by WSES classification. Second, independent predictors of mortality were evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression model. Patients with and without associated vascular injuries and the same hemodynamic and pelvic ring stability statuses were compared. Patients with associated vascular injuries were compared to the proportion of nonsurvivors and survivors with unstable pelvic ring injuries. Third, the outcomes were compared between patients with open pelvic fracture and closed pelvic fracture in the mild, moderate and severe WSES classes. Results During the 12-month study period, 44,163 blunt pelvic fracture patients were included. The mortality rates were 1.8%, 3.8% and 10.6% for the mild, moderate and severe WSES classes, respectively (p p = 0.549), whereas open pelvic fracture and associated vascular injury were independent predictors of mortality (odds of mortality: open pelvic fracture 1.630, p p p = 0.323). In all three classes, patients with open pelvic fractures had significantly higher mortality rates and infection rates than patients with closed fractures (mortality rates: minor 3.5% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.009, moderate 11.2% vs. 3.3%, p p p p p Conclusions Based on this nationwide study, the WSES guideline provides an accurate and reproducible classification of pelvic fractures. It is recommended that open/closed fractures and associated vascular injuries be evaluated as supplements of the WSES classification.

Background In the management of patients with blunt abdominal trauma, delayed diagnosis and treatment of hollow viscus injury can occur. We assessed the effect of the time to surgery on the outcomes of blunt hollow viscus injury patients. Methods The National Trauma Data Bank was queried from 2012 to 2015 to identify patients with blunt hollow viscus injury for inclusion. Patients with unstable hemodynamics, concomitant intra-abdominal organ injuries, or other severe extra-abdominal injuries were excluded. Inverse probability of treatment weighting and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the effect of the time to surgery on the outcomes. Results In total, 2,997 patients with blunt hollow viscus injury were studied; the mean time to abdominal surgery was 6.7 hours. Twenty-two hours was selected as a cutoff value for further analyses because of an observed transition zone at that time in the distribution of mortality and severe sepsis rates. After adjustment, patients who underwent surgery within 22 hours had a significantly lower mortality rate (1.2% vs 4.2%), lower sepsis rate (0.9% vs 4.5%), shorter hospital length of stay (8.7 vs 12.0 days), and shorter intensive care unit length of stay (1.4 vs 3.3 days). In patients who underwent surgery within 22 hours, neither mortality nor sepsis were affected significantly by the time to surgery. Conclusion In the management of patients with blunt hollow viscus injury, early surgical treatment is needed. Patients with isolated blunt hollow viscus injury may have a poor outcome if they undergo abdominal surgery more than 22 hours after arrival in the emergency department.

Background Patients who undergo total esophagectomy and gastrectomy present a challenging scenario for reconstructive surgeons. Several techniques have been described. However, the best choice is still a matter of debate. We aim to report our experience with the supercharged ileocolic flap, then to compare the long-term functional outcomes in cancer and caustic injury patients. We investigate the safest route of transposition and demonstrate the importance of supercharging the flap. Last, we perform a literature review to compare our results with the ones reported in the literature. Methods A total of 36 patients underwent the supercharged ileocolic flap procedure. The details reviewed included the type of defect, flap characteristic, route of transposition, complications, patient survival, and swallowing evaluation. Survival and long-term function preservation were considered as the main outcomes. A secondary end-point was the identification of the safest route of transposition. We extracted the pertinent literature on supercharged bowel flaps from 1995 to July 2020 Results All flaps survived; only two flaps were partially lost. Thirty-three percent of the cohort experienced postoperative complications; the most common was leakage of the cervical anastomosis (17%), followed by neck wound infection (8%). The 5-year dysphagia-free survival rate was 87% in corrosive injury patients and 78% in cancer patients. The mean time to be free from dysphagia after surgery was 25.12 ± 4.55 months for corrosive patients and 39.56 ± 9.45 months for cancer patients (p = 0.118). The safest route of transposition was retrosternal extra-mediastinal. From the literature review, the data from 11 studies were extracted. Conclusion The supercharged ileocolic flap is a robust option for total esophageal replacement when the stomach is not available and the retrosternal route is the safest for transposition. The functional outcomes are excellent, with acceptable morbidity and a good life expectancy, either in cancer and noncancer patients. Supercharging the flap is recommended.

In this paper, we propose a dual key-parameter readout system for the application of urolithiasis recurrence prevention. Two major urine quality indicators pH and Ca2+ are sensed to assist a patient in assessing the condition of his urinary system. Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistors (ISFET) and Constant Voltage Constant Current (CVCS) readout circuit are used for pH and Ca2+ monitoring. The prototype with these sensors and readout circuit was integrated and tested in the laboratory. In addition, it was designed and intended to be fabricated in UMC 0.18um CMOS process. The experimental results of the prototype and SPICE simulation readout circuit present a promising performance referred to commercial meters for individual parameter sensing.

The occurrence of dreaming during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep prompts interest in the role of REM sleep in hippocampal-dependent episodic memory. Within the mammalian hippocampus, the dentate gyrus (DG) has the unique characteristic of exhibiting neurogenesis persisting into adulthood. Despite their small numbers and sparse activity, adult-born neurons (ABNs) in the DG play critical roles in memory; however, their memory function during sleep is unknown. Here, we investigate whether young ABN activity contributes to memory consolidation during sleep using Ca 2+ imaging in freely moving mice. We found that contextual fear learning recruits a population of young ABNs that are reactivated during subsequent REM sleep against a backdrop of overall reduced ABN activity. Optogenetic silencing of this sparse ABN activity during REM sleep alters the structural remodeling of spines on ABN dendrites and impairs memory consolidation. These findings provide a causal link between ABN activity during REM sleep and memory consolidation.

Highlights • Hippocampal atrophy plays no role in short-term memory binding. • The globus pallidus could be part of the brain network supporting binding. • Total brain atrophy does not correlate with striatal grey matter atrophy in MCI. • Striatal grey matter atrophy reflects in total brain atrophy in controls. • Hippocampal and parahippocampal volumes correlate in MCI and controls., Background Deficits in short-term memory (STM) binding are a distinguishing feature of preclinical stages leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the neuroanatomical correlates of conjunctive STM binding are largely unexplored. Here we examine the possible association between the volumes of hippocampi, parahippocampal gyri, and grey matter within the subcortical structures – all found to have foci that seemingly correlate with basic daily living activities in AD patients - with cognitive tests related to conjunctive STM binding. Materials and methods Hippocampal, thalamic, parahippocampal and corpus striatum volumes were semi-automatically quantified in brain magnetic resonance images from 25 cognitively normal people and 21 patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) at high risk of AD progression, who undertook a battery of cognitive tests and the short-term memory binding test. Associations were assessed using linear regression models and group differences were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus volumes differed between MCI and control groups. Although the grey matter volume in the globus pallidus (r = -0.71, p

We conducted a retrospective case control study of digital replantations in 16 patients from September 2015 to January 2017. Half of the patients were treated by a synchronous microsurgical technique and the other half underwent conventional micro-anastomoses. The total time for anastomoses, total operation time and survival of digits were the major endpoints in this study. The number of digits replanted and the anastomosis method had significant effects on total anastomosis time. The mean anastomosis time for each digit was 46 min and 70 min in the synchronous and conventional groups, respectively, a 34% reduction in anastomosis time in the synchronous group when compared with the conventional group. Patency rates were 87% (13/15) of all the digits replanted in each group. Level of evidence: IV

The paper aims to explore how the opposing thrones between God and Satan spread out in dreams in John Milton's Paradise Lost. Dreams regarded as fields for Satan to induce Eve make Satan temporarily win the battle; however, God turns the tables with little effort to subjugate Satan by appearing in Adam and Eve's dreams. In Milton's elaboration of Paradise Lost, God the father, the incarnation of morality represents supreme power in universe. Howbeit, Satan not only embraces the image of the representative of evilness but plays the embodiment of the root of human crime. Due to the hatred out of jealously, dissemination with malevolent rumor against God becomes Satan's measure to persuade falling angels that they should possess equal status with God instead of being inferior to God. Furthermore, Satan incarnates himself as animals to induce Eve to rebel against doctrines and orders made by God. Impressively, images of evilness and goodness both appear in Eve and Adam's dreams reflecting the tug of war between justice and injustice. Dreams symbolize the space of the universe containing positive and negative power. Disregarding the influence of biblical works and other relevant elements in accord with Milton's imagination, the issue of the opposed thrones between God and Satan plays a pivotal role in enriching the epic.

The sounds we associate with particular places are tightly interwoven with our memories and sense of belonging. We describe a platform designed to assist in gathering the sounds a group of people associate with a place. A web-based evolutionary algorithm, with human-in-the-loop fitness evaluations, ranks and recombines sounds to find collections that the group rates as familiar. An experiment covering four geographical locations shows that the process does indeed find sounds deemed familiar by participants.

The objective of this study is to investigate Taraxacum mongolicum (TM) as a therapeutic alternative for preventing and treating bovine mastitis. The effect of the anti-inflammatory activity of Taraxacum mongolicum extract (TME) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced responses was studied in the bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The dried plant TM was extracted with 10 volumes of distilled water to generate its water extract. PBMCs were pretreated with various concentrations of TME (0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 [Formula: see text]g/mL) and subsequently incubated with LPS (1 [Formula: see text]g/mL). Cell viability was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylthiazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The level of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by using Griess reagent assay. The mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text] and granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCP)-2 were determined by using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed no significant cytotoxic effects on the PBMCs at various treated concentrations of TME. Treatment of TME (100 and 1000 [Formula: see text]g/mL) significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated PBMCs. TME (10 [Formula: see text]g/mL) significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated IL-1[Formula: see text], IL-6, IL-8, TNF-[Formula: see text] and GCP-2 mRNA expression in PBMCs at a time-dependent manner. In this article, we reported for the first time that TME significantly inhibited production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated PBMCs. This finding could be useful for clinical practice in preventing and treating bovine mastitis.

Background: Diarrhea is a frequent but overlooked complication of living liver donation. Thus, this retrospective study aimed to report the natural course of diarrhea and examined predictors of persistent diarrhea after living donor hepatectomy.Methods: We enrolled 79 donors who underwent living donor hepatectomy between 2010 and 2015 at a single medical center and had diarrhea symptoms after hepatectomy. The Chinese version of the gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI) was applied to evaluate the effect of diarrhea on quality of life.Results: The onset of diarrhea was post-donation 1.1±0.3 months. According to their duration of diarrhea, donors were further classified into two groups: the healed and the persistent diarrhea group, the ratio was 36 to 43 (45.6% versus 54.4%). A donor who followed a low-fat diet had a protective effect on persistent diarrhea (odds ratio [OR] =0.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.04-0.66). Compared to healed diarrhea donors, donors with persistent diarrhea had lower GIQLI scores in the domains of physical (2.3 versus 1.9) and social functions (2.5 versus 2.3). Receiver operating characteristic curves for the duration of diarrhea after liver donation indicated that a donor was likely to develop a persistent diarrhea status if the duration of the diarrhea reached 12.5 months.Conclusions: A donor not following a low-fat diet can be independently predictive for persistent diarrhea after living donor hepatectomy. Besides, a donor with persistent diarrhea after hepatectomy is more likely to report lower GIQLI scores in physical and social functions.

In this study, electrospinning technology, physical activation, and carbonization processing were applied to produce lignosulfonate-based activated carbon fibers. The porous structure of the produced lignosulfonate-based activated carbon fibers primarily contained mesopores and a relatively small amount of micropores. Moreover, insufficient carbonization caused fiber damage during CO2 activation. The weight loss rate and specific surface area increased with increase in carbonization time, and products with carbonization temperatures of 700 °C were of higher quality than those with other temperatures. Moreover, the two-step carbonization process provided fibers with improved quality because of a low weight loss rate, improved processing, and high surface area. Lignosulfonate-based activated carbon fibers can be used as a highly efficient adsorption and filtration material, and further development of its applications would be valuable.

Decline in cognitive functions, including hippocampus-dependent spatial memory, is commonly observed at a later stage of aging (e.g., >20 months old in rodents) and typically studied after a discrete learning event. How normal aging, particularly at an early stage, affects the modulatory aspect of memory persistence is underinvestigated. Previous studies in young animals show that weak, fading memories can last longer if a modulating event, such as spatial novelty, is introduced around memory encoding. This is known as behavioral tagging and capture (BTC). Here, we investigated how early aging (10–13 months old) affects BTC in an appetitive delayed-matching-to-place task. We trained rats when they were young and middle aged and found that novelty facilitated long-term memory persistence in young but not in middle-aged rats. However, re-exposure to the encoded environment after learning improved memory persistence in middle-aged rats. BTC, combined with memory reactivation, facilitated memory persistence through reconsolidation. Our results point toward a weakened tagging and capture mechanism before reduction of plasticity-related proteins at an early stage of aging.

Wound healing is a natural process to restore the structure and function of injured or diseased tissues. Repair of a skin wound usually leads to a scar while regeneration implies fully recovery of function and structure of the damaged tissue. Adult skin wound usually heals with scar while fetal skin heals scarless. Hair regeneration in elderly scalp wound has never been observed. We reported an 80-year-old patient with a large wound on the scalp after excision of a basal cell carcinoma healed by secondary intention wound healing. The patient's wound healed very well aesthetically. Interestingly, on approximate post wound day 180, a hair was observed to be growing towards the surface and eventually erupted in the center of the wound. The hair remained black at 42-month follow-up. This case demonstrated that neogenesis of hair is possible even in geriatric patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of hair regrow in human skin after wound healing.

During a small-scale cell culture process producing a monoclonal antibody, a larger than expected difference was observed in the charge variants profile of the harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF) between the 2 L and larger scales (e.g., 400 L and 12 kL). Small-scale studies performed at the 2 L scale consistently showed an increase in acidic species when compared with the material made at larger scale. Since the 2 L bioreactors were made of clear transparent glass while the larger scale reactors are made of stainless steel, the effect of ambient laboratory light on cell culture process in 2 L bioreactors as well as handling the HCCF was carefully evaluated. Photoreactions in the 2 L glass bioreactors including light mediated increase in acidic variants in HCCF and formulation buffers were identified and carefully analyzed. While the acidic variants comprised of a mixture of sialylated, reduced disulfide, crosslinked (nonreducible), glycated, and deamidated forms, an increase in the nonreducible forms, deamidation and Met oxidation was predominantly observed under light stress. The monoclonal antibody produced in glass bioreactors that were protected from light behaved similar to the one produced in the larger scale. Our data clearly indicate that care should be taken when glass bioreactors are used in cell culture studies during monoclonal antibody production.

Background The conditions under which memory generalization occurs are not well understood. Although it is believed that fear memory generalization is gradually established after learning, it is not clear whether experiences soon after learning affect generalization. Results Using a contextual fear conditioning paradigm in mice, we found that fear memory generalization occurred when mice were exposed to a familiar, unconditioned context soon after fear learning. Conclusions Our results suggest that the familiarity of contexts and the timing of their exposure influences memory generalization, which increases our understanding of the mechanisms of generalization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0184-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Front view of contexts A, B, and C. Pictures of contexts A (A), B (B), and C (C). Context A is similar to context B but dissimilar to context C. Figure S2. No fear generalization without habituation sessions. (A) Experimental timeline for mice in Group 8 (n = 10). Freezing in each context on (B) day 0 and (C) day 1. The double diagonal line in the timeline indicates a change in day, and the lightning bolt indicates the foot shock. Post-hoc analysis result: *p

Background Donor safety and preservation of donor health after living liver donation are of paramount importance. Diarrhea has a significant influence on gastrointestinal quality of life among donors who have undergone living donor hepatectomy. Thus, we aimed to investigate predictors of diarrhea after hepatectomy and its impact on gastrointestinal quality of life in living donors. Methods We retrospectively examined the medical records of 204 living liver donors who underwent hepatectomy during the period January 2010 to June 2013 at a single medical center. Diarrhea was defined as the passing of three or more liquid stools per day. The Chinese version of the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) was used to assess the influence of diarrhea on quality of life in donors. Results During the study period, diarrhea was diagnosed in 62 (30.3%) of the 204 donors and the duration of diarrhea in the majority of them (n = 46, 74%) was