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Dementia--this is a clear reduction of obtained mental level fitness which make difficult to function independently in normal conditions of life. It is assumed that 50% of dementia makes up Alzheimer's disease (AS), 17% is cerebrovascular dementia and 18% is so called mixed type. The degree of patient's dementia intensifications depends on the intellectual level and mental activity. The neurophysiological examinations which were tried to use for diagnosis are: brain bioelectrical activity, transcranial Doppler sonography, evoked potentials, cerebral refraction time. It was tried to estimate above mentioned neurophysiological methods from the point of view of their avalibility, simplicity of examination, repetition and usefulness in distinguishing states of dementia.

In order to evaluate the vestibular organ electronystagmography was performed in 20 workers employed in the mercury cathode method of potassium chloride electrolysis, and exposed to metallic mercury vapours at air concentrations 0.035-0.05 mg/m3. In 15 (75%) workers a central impairment of the vestibular organ was shown, whereas in 50 healthy controls an abnormal electronystagmogram was found only in 9 (18%) people. Electronystagmography seems to be a useful tool in the assessment of early signs of the central nervous system dysfunction caused by metallic mercury.

The purpose of this research is evaluation of nystagmography usefulness in 30 examined patients with clinically proved m.s. Spontanic nystagmus, pendulum test (oscillation), optokinetic nystagmus and post-rotation nystagmus tested with Arslan method were recorded. The recording of eyes closing evoked nystagmus, pendulum test, optokinetic nystagmus seems to be the most useful.

In order to evaluate the vestibular organ, electronystagmography (ENG) was performed in 43 overhaul workers of the chemical plant producing pesticides and in the control group of 50 healthy non-exposed inhabitants of the same region. Central impairment of the vestibular organ was significantly more frequent in workers (37.2%) than in controls (16.0%). A mixed impairment was found in one worker and in one persons from the control group. Neither the study group nor the control group showed signs of peripheral lesion. The ENG is a useful method for assessment of early symptoms of the central nervous system dysfunction.

Neurological examination including EEG, ENG and measurement of nerve motor conduction velocity were performed in 41 male workers, exposed to enolofos. 43% of the population examined developed subjective neurological symptoms 34%--discrete lesions of CNS and in 31% polineuropathy was observed. Motor nerve conduction velocity was decreased in 10 workers (24%) in peroneus nerves and in 1 worker in ulnaris nerve. Comparison of EEG and ENG with the control group was not statistically significant.

A case of bilateral eyelid ptosis was observed in a woman aged 35. She had also some weakness of the muscles of the upper extremities and periodic dysphagia. These symptoms progressed gradually during 20 years. The clinical manifestations and the results of other investigations (EMG, muscle biopsy) made possible the diagnosis of sporadic ophthalmic form of progressive muscular dystrophy.

Cyclophosphamide (4000 mg intravenously, in daily doses of 400 mg) in combination with moderate dose of prednisone (1075 mg during 30 days) was given to 39 patients with the chronically progressing form of multiple sclerosis. The results of this treatment were evaluated immediately after the treatment and one and two years later, using a numerical scale of neurological examination in the scales of motor efficiency A. I. (ambulation index) and the DDS (disability status scale of Kurtzke). In the first year after this treatment stabilization of the disease (60% of cases) or even clinical improvement (10-20%) were noted. However, in the second year after the treatment an evident progression of symptoms occurred in 50-60% of cases. In view of moderately positive results of this treatment it is necessary to carry out observations extended over many years, to repeat cyclophosphamide cycles, and to compare the results with those after other immunosuppressants.

Fifty patients occupationally exposed to organic solvents were examined using EEG, neural conduction velocity test, peripheral blood testing and psychological examination. A correlation between degree of CNS damage and time of exposure was observed. Also, subclinical changes detected using EEG and neural conduction velocity test were reported.

The aim of the reported study was an assessment of the effectiveness of high doses of methylprednisolone in the treatment of active exacerbation and its effect on the natural course of multiple sclerosis. The study was carried out on 24 patients with clinically certain disease, who were divided, according to the treatment given to them, into two subgroups: treated with methylprednisolone and treated with prednisone. The treatment was conducted by the double blind method. The statistical analysis of the results obtained in this material showed that in patients with acute and severe exacerbation of the disease methylprednisolone administration in high doses caused a rapid regression of paralysis and paresis and improved motor efficiency. However, an evaluation of the results after a year from treatment termination showed in both subgroups a progression of clinical changes and increased motor deficiency. This suggests that treatment with corticosteroids has no significant effect on the course of multiple sclerosis.

Flaccid tetraparesis was observed in a young woman which was caused by embolism of the anterior medullary artery. Topographic investigations of the spinal arteries were carried out, and pathological examination was done confirming the presence of embolic material which was the cause of medullary ischaemia.