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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease lacking a definite etiology, characterized by the nonspecific symptoms of dyspnea and dry cough. Due to its poor prognosis, imaging techniques play an essential role in diagnosing and managing IPF. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has been shown to be the most sensitive modality for the diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis. It is the primary imaging modality used for the assessment and follow-up of patients with IPF. Other not commonly used imaging methods are under research, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography are alternative imaging techniques. This literature review aims to provide a brief overview of the imaging of IPF-related alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Recent experimental and population studies have highlighted the existence of telomere-mitochondria interplay. Besides studies revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the associations of telomere defects and mitochondrial functions, investigations of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length (TL) in healthy and disease phenotypes have likewise begun, with the aim of gaining more insights about their relationship in humans.Material and Methods: A total of 142 asymptomatic adult twins, comprising 96 monozygotic (MZ) and 46 dizygotic (DZ) twins (mean age: 50.54 ±15.43 years), members of the Hungarian Twin Registry, were included in the analysis. Applying the qPCR standard curve method, we investigated the relationship of mtDNA copy number, telomere length and clinical data, besides assessing co-twin similarities of MZ and DZ twins for their mtDNAcn and TL measures.Results: We found that twins were similar in their intraclass correlation coefficients irrespective of zygosity, suggesting a possibly more important role of common (shared) environmental factors compared to non-shared (unique) environmental and to a smaller degree also individual genetic influences. We confirmed a significant positive association between mtDNAcn and TL (r = 0.28, p < 0.01) in age- and sex-corrected analysis. Following bivariate estimates and correction with significant predictors, the independent positive associations were further verified.Conclusions: Our results extend the until now modest number of studies investigating mtDNAcn and TL simultaneously in humans. In addition, we are the first to examine the relationship between mtDNAcn and telomere length in MZ and DZ twin subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imaging methods are fundamental tools to detect and diagnose lung diseases, monitor their treatment and detect possible complications. Each modality, starting from classical chest radiographs and computed tomography, as well as the ever more popular and easily available thoracic ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine methods, and new techniques such as photon counting computed tomography, radiomics and application of artificial intelligence, has its strong and weak points, which we should be familiar with to properly choose between the methods and interpret their results. In this review, we present the indications, strengths and main limitations of methods for chest imaging., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: E.M. Grabczak is a current member of the Breathe editorial board. C.A. Ridge discloses that Cobalt Charity has provided her institution with an education grant to fund a fellow, she is the RSNA Image Wisely co-chair, a ECR Thoracic educational committee member, a European Society of Thoracic Imaging educational committee member and Lung Cancer Journal radiology editor. She is the Director of AI Radiology limited (radiology reporting services). Á.D. Tárnoki is the current chair of the ERS Imaging group. The other authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright ©ERS 2024.)

Introduction: Recent experimental and population studies have highlighted the existence of telomere-mitochondria interplay. Besides studies revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the associations of telomere defects and mitochondrial functions, investigations of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length (TL) in healthy and disease phenotypes have likewise begun, with the aim of gaining more insights about their relationship in humans., Material and Methods: A total of 142 asymptomatic adult twins, comprising 96 monozygotic (MZ) and 46 dizygotic (DZ) twins (mean age: 50.54 ±15.43 years), members of the Hungarian Twin Registry, were included in the analysis. Applying the qPCR standard curve method, we investigated the relationship of mtDNA copy number, telomere length and clinical data, besides assessing co-twin similarities of MZ and DZ twins for their mtDNAcn and TL measures., Results: We found that twins were similar in their intraclass correlation coefficients irrespective of zygosity, suggesting a possibly more important role of common (shared) environmental factors compared to non-shared (unique) environmental and to a smaller degree also individual genetic influences. We confirmed a significant positive association between mtDNAcn and TL ( r = 0.28, p < 0.01) in age- and sex-corrected analysis. Following bivariate estimates and correction with significant predictors, the independent positive associations were further verified., Conclusions: Our results extend the until now modest number of studies investigating mtDNAcn and TL simultaneously in humans. In addition, we are the first to examine the relationship between mtDNAcn and telomere length in MZ and DZ twin subjects., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2019 Termedia & Banach.)

Introduction: Our previous 2009 study demonstrated high secondhand smoke levels throughout a public hospital in Budapest., Aim: To compare changes in indoor air pollution level between 2009 and 2012, before and after the Hungarian anti-smoking policy legislation adopted in 2011., Methods: TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor was used., Results: In-patient care department PM2.5 levels declined by 92% from 87.7 μg/m3 to 6.9 μg/m3. Non-patient care area PM2.5 level increased by 67% from 64.8 μg/m3 to 108.0 μg/m3. The increase was driven entirely by a large increase in the level in public toilets. Excluding these, there was a 83% drop in PM2.5 in non-patient care areas from 64.8 μg/m3 to 11.1 μg/m3., Conclusions: PM2.5 decreased significantly due to the 2011 law. However, smoking still occurred in the hospital, albeit in less frequently visited areas. A stricter enforcement of this beneficial law is needed to reach a comprehensive smoke-free hospital environment.

Unlabelled: To compare the levels of indoor air pollution found in a sample of smoking and non-smoking public locations in Hungary., Methods: Ambient air of 6 pubs, 5 restaurants, 11 cafes, and 20 other locations in Budapest and Zalakaros, Hungary, between January and August 2008, was studied, and concentration of particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) was assessed with TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor., Results: In 26 places where smoking was observed, the average PM 2.5 level was 102.3 microg/m3 [range: 3-487 microg/m3]; compared to 5.1 microg/m 3 [range: 0-28 microg/m3] in the 16 places where smoking was observed., Conclusions: Levels of indoor fine particle air pollution measured in smoking public locations in Hungary were 18 times higher than the levels in non-smoking places and exceeded the harmful levels declared by the World Health Organization and US Environmental Protection Agency.