1. Neuroimaging of Fetal Infection
- Author
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C Marchal, D D McIntire, M Massoud, F Lazzini, N Linder, D Levine, C Gutiérrez-Márquez, L A Bailão, G L Hedlund, G C Meyberg-Solomayer, G G Colleoni, A Benachi, T R de Haan, L Quartulli, P M Jayaram, G F Eich, L W Averill, A Vorsselmans, F Bonilla-Musoles, A Vossough, M S van der Knaap, L Geerts, F Dhombres, D Kidron, M L Watt-Morse, F Peyron, J Pardo, J Nijman, J Amir, J E Sanín-Blair, N P Deasy, H Werner, J Atias, M de Santis, M T Whitehead, P T Levy, P Tomà, M Vouga, S Friszer, A Buenerd, B Tatli, G Malm, G Duarte, B Weisz, H Buxmann, G Hartnoll, A Perolo, P Bonasoni, S Stagno, B Tseng, Y J Crow, R Biancheri, T Lerman-Sagie, K Dewar, M A Verboon-Maciolek, D O'Rourke, O Picone, M A al Thagafi, J T Parer, M L Rossi, S Lipitz, M Mohlo, F Brunelle, L Schuler-Faccini, J L Anderson, O A Glenn, R Wright, D Lev, M Uriel, D M Twickler, L R Pistorius, M Wien, L M Hill, F Piersigilli, B Maugey-Laulom, R F Pass, C E Lindan, A Beke, Y Murakami, H Gunardi, B Guerra, R Salmaso, E Martin, V Wiwanitkit, G Sournies, D Warren, A Yuksel, M L Kulkarni, G R Nagy, Y Mogami, K Latkóczy, A Carletti, J C Rodriguez Leonel, Y Suzuki, A Zerem, N Teissier, Y Yinon, G Cloud, L S de Vries, C A Alford, I Simon, B Suarez, P Mezzano, P Pinaud, C Soussotte, A A Karparov, M C Maberry, P Soares de Oliveira-Szejnfeld, G M Magnano, A L White, T Drier de Laforte, A G Cordier, M Besnard, S al Shahwan, P W Callen, M D King, F H Carvalho, L J Salomon, Y Akyol, A S Melo, D Nadal, M I Steinlin, E Araujo Júnior, M L Daniel, C Cluver, C R Wake, K Yanagihara, M Nishioka, I H Kalelioglu, Ashley J. Robinson, A Rossi, E Done, C Auriti, D Pugash, Y Toribe, J Gunkel, A C Regenstein, W K Oliveira, P Maurice, J F Bale, F Gay-Andrieu, N M Mehta, K B Fowler, G M Schauer, L A Ramenghi, L A Bok, M M Cannie, C Parazzini, R Has, S A Laifer, A Righini, A J Barkovich, P Sonigo, M Epelman, M Feldmann, M Tamarkin, A M Kulkarni, Y Ville, E J Boltshauser, S Domizio, A Yildirim, B Feldman, W Bonacci, S Sigaudy, S Ryan, N Farkas, G A Vorona, J Garcia-Flores, E Schiff, E Cristina, C Y Ho, A U Stücker, S N Bryant, S Parisot, V V Kandula, J M Jarosz, B J Freij, C Gire, J M Jouannic, K B Leonard, P S Dimova, G J Demmler, N G Osborne, L Sanapo, L Guibaud, M R De Gasperis, P Guillemette-Artur, L Ben-Sira, S Baskar, T C Cox, C P Dunham, T Matsuishi, M Recio, S M Lanni, E M Korhonen, B Joob, M M Amorim, Y Dogan, G V França, M Motobayashi, L Tychsen, P G Barth, D Baud, C L Ong, P Marty, T C Bailão, M Nishikawa, D Carles, L Bradley, P Droulle, N Girard, D M Money, S Stivaros, M W Rac, D A Herrera, W J Britt, M Severino, J H Livingston, I Muller-Hansen, N Zahalka, M C Rizzi, M. Ashraf Ederies, E H Gröndahl, M Cagneaux, T J Boll, J Pialat, J R Marquis, C Garel, F S Cole, R Franco, J Perlman, J Attia-Sobol, N Oosterom, M Leyder, J L Sever, D Prayer, T Fehm, D Eyrolle-Guignot, R S Aguiar, D J Bonthius, G Malinger, M Tepperberg-Dikawa, F Groenendaal, G Serra, H Odendaal, A Reitter, G Seganti, G Tonni, C Doneda, C Hoffmann, L Ben Sira, C D Smyser, F Jacquemard, Y Yamashita, G Sabatino, G Simonazzi, A D Bardeguez, R Meyer, J P Crino, E Hughes, J Courtier, R W Driggers, Y Inaba, F Diard, R Devlieger, I Lewensohn-Fuchs, G Hendson, M L Engman, J Smal, and G Benoist
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Pregnancy ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,Neurotropism ,Congenital cytomegalovirus infection ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,medicine.disease ,Review article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Neuroimaging ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Immunology ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Infection during pregnancy is common and the developing fetal brain is vulnerable to vertical transmission due to immaturity of the fetal immune system. Infection is a major cause of multiple organ abnormalities, including the neuraxis, due to the neurotropism of the infectious agents. This review sets out to give an overview of fetal infection, review the general principles of the nature and timing of the infectious insult with respect to outcomes, review the neuroimaging of infection by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and review the various pathogens involved, including the two most common, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma, and also other common viral and nonviral infections.
- Published
- 2017
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