1. Multiparameter immunohistochemistry analysis of HIV DNA, RNA and immune checkpoints in lymph node tissue.
- Author
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Richardson ZA, Deleage C, Tutuka CSA, Walkiewicz M, Del Río-Estrada PM, Pascoe RD, Evans VA, Reyesteran G, Gonzales M, Roberts-Thomson S, González-Navarro M, Torres-Ruiz F, Estes JD, Lewin SR, and Cameron PU
- Subjects
- HIV Infections immunology, HIV Infections virology, Humans, Jurkat Cells, Latent Infection immunology, Latent Infection virology, Predictive Value of Tests, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory virology, DNA, Viral analysis, HIV genetics, HIV Infections diagnosis, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors analysis, Immunohistochemistry, In Situ Hybridization, Latent Infection diagnosis, Lymph Nodes immunology, Lymph Nodes virology, RNA, Viral analysis
- Abstract
The main barrier to a cure for HIV is the persistence of long-lived and proliferating latently infected CD4
+ T-cells despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Latency is well characterized in multiple CD4+ T-cell subsets, however, the contribution of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) expressing FoxP3 as well as immune checkpoints (ICs) PD-1 and CTLA-4 as targets for productive and latent HIV infection in people living with HIV on suppressive ART is less well defined. We used multiplex detection of HIV DNA and RNA with immunohistochemistry (mIHC) on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) cells to simultaneously detect HIV RNA and DNA and cellular markers. HIV DNA and RNA were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) (RNA/DNAscope) and IHC was used to detect cellular markers (CD4, PD-1, FoxP3, and CTLA-4) by incorporating the tyramide system amplification (TSA) system. We evaluated latently infected cell lines, a primary cell model of HIV latency and excisional lymph node (LN) biopsies collected from people living with HIV (PLWH) on and off ART. We clearly detected infected cells that coexpressed HIV RNA and DNA (active replication) and DNA only (latently infected cells) in combination with IHC markers in the in vitro infection model as well as LN tissue from PLWH both on and off ART. Combining ISH targeting HIV RNA and DNA with IHC provides a platform to detect and quantify HIV persistence within cells identified by multiple markers in tissue samples from PLWH on ART or to study HIV latency., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
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