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Version 2 of the Intranuclear Cascade with Emission of Light Fragments (INC-ELF) code is developed and incorporated into the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS). The aim of INC-ELF2 is to expand it to the lower incident-energy range of 30–200 MeV, where the original INC theory is not applicable. The refinement of the code is based faithfully on the results of basic research on direct reactions within the framework of the INC model. INC-ELF2 can deal with the emission of light fragments from nuclear reactions induced by protons and neutrons. Double-differential cross-sections are calculated by a two-step model combining INC-ELF2 and GEM (generalized evaporation model) in PHITS, and they are compared with experimental data to examine the predictive ability. Excellent agreement is confirmed for various reactions over a wide range of target masses and over the incident-energy range of 30–200 MeV.

The long-term goal of this study is a training system that can simulate medical cases and advise physicians based on quantitative evaluation of neonatal resuscitation. In this paper, we designed and manufactured a neonatal airway management simulator for quantitative evaluation of tracheal intubation. This robotic simulator is equipped with 25 sensors of 6 types, which detect motions that lead to complications, inside the manikin replicated a neonate. A performance experiment of the developed sensor and an evaluation experiment with physicians were conducted. We observed that an erroneous operation in the laryngoscopy can be detected by the sensors in our simulator.

The determination of delayed ettringite formation (DEF) in hardened concrete relying simply on the identification of ettringite by electron microscopy or powder X-ray diffractometry can be imperfect because of the high risk of missing other possible deterioration phenomena. The presence of ettringite can be easily biased as an indication of DEF while the actual cause of deterioration is ASR. This paper identifies the deterioration causes and presents different ettringite formation factors based on the petrological observation results. The experiments conditions including depth of carbonation, mix proportions of concrete, curing temperature and others were considered. The deterioration of the samples seem to be correlated to ASR, except for the precast concrete product which presented DEF. In order to determine the deterioration causes and demonstrate the importance of petrological approach, different observations using the same methods were carried out on a concrete specimen blended with fly ash showing some cracks., La determinación de la formación de la etringita diferida (DEF) en el hormigón endurecido, basado simplemente en la identificación de la etringita a través de microscopía electrónica o difractometría de rayos X en polvo, puede ser imprecisa debido a la alta probabilidad de ignorar otros posibles fenómenos de deterioro. La simple presencia de etringita puede ser fácilmente malinterpretada como una indicación de DEF, mientras que la causa real del deterioro puede deberse a una reacción álcali-sílice (ASR). Este trabajo identifica las causas de deterioro y presenta diferentes factores de formación de etringita basados en los resultados petrográficos, la profundidad de la carbonatación, las proporciones de mezcla del hormigón, la temperatura de curado, y las condiciones ambientales y no ambientales. Se comprobó que el deterioro de las muestras era atribuible al fenómeno de ASR, excepto en el caso del hormigón prefabricado donde se observó el fenómeno de DEF.

In recent years, awareness of improving the quality of medical care has increased. We focused on neonatal resuscitation, which is difficult to train clinically, and our long-term goal is a neonatal resuscitation training system that can simulate cases and can feedback interactively based on quantitative evaluation of the procedures. In this study, we developed the neonatal simulator that has a respiratory movement simulating mechanism and a chest compression measurement mechanism. Through an interview with neonatologists, the fidelity of respiratory movements and the possibility of evaluating chest compression with the developed simulator were assessed.

This paper is part of the Proceedings of the 2019 Bicycle and Motorcycle Dynamics Conference: A Symposium on the Dynamics and Control of Single Track Vehicles held in Padova, Italy September 9th through 11th in the year 2019.Artifact ID: 16

A field investigation was carried out to observe changes in a river-mouth sand bar on the Tenjin River in Tottori prefecture, Japan. Topographic surveys were conducted using a real-time kinematic-global navigation satellite system (RTK-GNSS), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and radio-controlled (RC) boat from July 2015 to March 2019. From these measurement data, the characteristics of the deformation of the sand bar tip in the opening of the river mouth and the relation between the river mouth bar and sea bottom changes were analyzed, and the validity of an alternative survey technique using RTK-GNSS, UAV and RC boat was confirmed. During the period of the field investigation, the sand bar was flushed away by a typhoon attack, and the recovery process of the river-mouth bar was investigated by RTK-GNSS and UAV surveys.

We conducted an experiment to investigate the feasibility of the deformation measurement of a large-scale solar power plant on reclaimed land by UAV photogrammetry. Two teams engaged in the experiment at first. One, which is called Team-A, carried out orientation of images following the procedure of conventional aerial photogrammetry. The other, which is called Team-C, executed that in the manner of close range photogrammetry. The RMSE in height measurement by Team-A was 121.5 mm, while that by Team-C was 8.7 mm. This paper reports an analysis conducted in order to investigate the cause of the large difference in height measurement accuracy between Team-A and Team-C. In the analysis the third team, which is called Team-S, conducts supplementary orientation by using the images utilized by Team-A in the same manner as Team-C did. The RMSE in height measurement by Team-S is 19.1 mm. Our investigation focuses on the difference of the arrangement of points utilized in the orientation. Team-A selected pass points and tie points on image automatically by Intergraph’s ImageStation Automatic Triangulation (ISAT) software, while Team-C and Team-S selected points to be utilized in orientation manually so that selected points are distributed uniformly in the experiment area. From the results of the analysis we conclude that the sets of tie points along a straight line on a plane that were selected automatically by the ISAT would bring the low accuracy in height measurement by Team-A.

To solve the problem of large environmental burden caused by disposal of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics), Poly Lactic Acid (PLA), which is plant-derived and biodegradable, has received a lot of attention as an environmentally friendly material for the matrix of FRP. However, since the decomposition rate is very slow as compared with other biodegradable resins, it is difficult to make a processing of a large amount of PLA in the natural environment. Therefore, a method to accelerate decomposition rate of PLA by blending hydrolysis accelerator to PLA has been developed. In this study, composite material, in which PLA is blended with hydrolysis accelerator and reinforced with glass fibers, was molded using high speed compression molding process, and its tensile strength and the effect of heat treatment and tensile strength on the crystallinity was clarified. In consequence, regardless of the existence of hydrolysis accelerator, crystallinity of glass fiber reinforced PLA composites was improved by the annealing process. Tensile strength of glass fiber reinforced PLA decreased by the annealing process. For glass fiber reinforced PLA which was blended with hydrolysis accelerator, however, annealing process did not affect their tensile strength.

The purpose of this study is development of gun-bullet protection board. In this experiment, the air gun’s performance and the effective bullet supporting sabot’s shape were evaluated. The launched gun-bullet velocity was measured by high speed video method.

In this study, we investigated vacuum drying of droplets of colloidal suspension. Because of the loss of the latent heat of vaporization, the drying droplet was cooled and then formed ice. Colloidal fibers consisting of packed particles spontaneously formed when the droplet froze from the gas–liquid interface. Conversely, we observed formation of sponge-like porous structures of particles when the whole droplet almost simultaneously froze. However, the freezing mode was not the only factor for formation of colloidal fibers. We found that the surface coverage of particles on the gas–liquid interface was also important. Owing to drying, some particles accumulated at the interface before freezing. When the surface coverage was higher than a threshold value, formation of fibers was severely restricted even in the surface freezing mode. Our results clearly show the important roles of surface freezing and the surface coverage of particles on the gas–liquid interface in formation of colloidal fibers.

This paper reports an experiment conducted in order to investigate the feasibility of the deformation measurement of a large-scale solar power plant on reclaimed land by using images acquired by a non-metric digital camera on board a micro unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). It is required that a root mean squares of errors (RMSE) in height measurement should be less than 26 mm that is 1/3 of the critical limit of deformation of 78 mm off the plane of a solar panel. Images utilized in the experiment have been obtained by an Olympus PEN E-P2 digital camera on board a Microdrones md4-1000 quadrocopter. The planned forward and side overlap ratios of vertical image acquisition have been 60 % and 60 % respectively. The planned flying height of the UAV has been 20 m above the ground level and the ground resolution of an image is approximately 5.0 mm by 5.0 mm. 8 control points around the experiment area are utilized for orientation. Measurement results are evaluated by the space coordinates of 220 check points which are corner points of 55 solar panels selected from 1768 solar panels in the experiment area. Two teams engage in the experiment. One carries out orientation and measurement by using 171 images following the procedure of conventional aerial photogrammetry, and the other executes those by using 126 images in the manner of close range photogrammetry. The former fails to satisfy the required accuracy, while the RMSE in height measurement by the latter is 8.7 mm that satisfies the required accuracy. From the experiment results, we conclude that the deformation measurement of a large-scale solar power plant on reclaimed land by using images acquired by a nonmetric digital camera on board a micro UAV would be feasible if points utilized in orientation and measurement have a sufficient number of bundles in good geometry and self-calibration in orientation is carried out.

内空幅5m以上の大型のボックスカルバート（以下，ボックス）は，現場の多くが斜角であるが，経済性の観点から場所打ちコンクリート施工が一般的であり，工期短縮，品質安定性などの観点からプレキャスト製品化が望まれている。筆者らは，斜角に対応した経済的なプレキャストボックスの開発にあたって，ボックスを頂版部材と側壁部材にセグメント化し，頂版と側壁の接合隅角部にループ継手構造を適用して，剛接合として一体化することを試みた。隅角部ループ継手構造の基礎実験を行い，その後実物大供試体を作製し，施工性や構造性能の検証試験を行い，想定どおりの施工が可能であること，一体型と同等の構造性能を有していること等を確認した。また，大型のボックスの断面力の算出方法は，弾性床上のラーメン構造として計算する方法が適切であることも明らかとなった。

Despite the outstanding results generally obtained with imatinib mesylate (IM) in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), some patients show a poor molecular response. To evaluate the relationship between steady-state trough plasma IM concentration (IM-C(min)) and clinical response in CML patients, we integrated data from six independent Japanese studies. Among 254 CML patients, the mean IM-C(min) was 1,010.5 ng/ml. Importantly, IM-C(min) was significantly higher in patients who achieved a major molecular response (MMR) than in those who did not (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that an MMR was associated with both age (odds ratio (OR) = 0.97 (0.958-0.995); P = 0.0153) and with IM-C(min) (OR = 1.0008 (1.0003-1.0015); P = 0.0044). Given that patients with IM-C(min) values >1,002 ng/ml had a higher probability of achieving an MMR in our large cohort (P = 0.0120), the data suggest that monitoring of IM levels in plasma may improve the efficacy of IM therapy for CML patients.

Fish assemblages along marine artificial reefs have been the objects of numerous studies. Most of them distinguish resident from transient species according to their habitat association level. Despite its wide use, this distinction presents practical complications for two main reasons: first, the method used for assessing habitat association level may cause mistakes, and second, no objective method has been proposed thus far to determine the habitat association level that should be considered as a boundary between resident and transient species. This paper aims at overcoming these two problems. In order to improve and standardize assessment of habitat association level, we developed a habitat association index (HAI) whose calculation requires only presence-absence data. By taking into account both species occurrence rate and occurrence patterns, our index minimizes the risk of erroneously perceiving species as being equally associated to a habitat. In order to distinguish between resident and transient species objectively, we propose to plot HAI against occurrence rate and then seek the combination providing the most significantly different groups with reference to the relation between these two variables. Using two different datasets collected along Japanese artificial reefs and comparing the results with the ones obtained through an alternate method consisting of plotting persistence against maximum abundance and looking for a major gap along the persistence axis, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this two-step method.