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1. Earth Virtualization Engines (EVE)

Author: B. Stevens, S. Adami, T. Ali, H. Anzt, Z. Aslan, S. Attinger, J. Bäck, J. Baehr, P. Bauer, N. Bernier, B. Bishop, H. Bockelmann, S. Bony, G. Brasseur, D. N. Bresch, S. Breyer, G. Brunet, P. L. Buttigieg, J. Cao, C. Castet, Y. Cheng, A. Dey Choudhury, D. Coen, S. Crewell, A. Dabholkar, Q. Dai, F. Doblas-Reyes, D. Durran, A. El Gaidi, C. Ewen, E. Exarchou, V. Eyring, F. Falkinhoff, D. Farrell, P. M. Forster, A. Frassoni, C. Frauen, O. Fuhrer, S. Gani, E. Gerber, D. Goldfarb, J. Grieger, N. Gruber, W. Hazeleger, R. Herken, C. Hewitt, T. Hoefler, H.-H. Hsu, D. Jacob, A. Jahn, C. Jakob, T. Jung, C. Kadow, I.-S. Kang, S. Kang, K. Kashinath, K. Kleinen-von Königslöw, D. Klocke, U. Kloenne, M. Klöwer, C. Kodama, S. Kollet, T. Kölling, J. Kontkanen, S. Kopp, M. Koran, M. Kulmala, H. Lappalainen, F. Latifi, B. Lawrence, J. Y. Lee, Q. Lejeun, C. Lessig, C. Li, T. Lippert, J. Luterbacher, P. Manninen, J. Marotzke, S. Matsouoka, C. Merchant, P. Messmer, G. Michel, K. Michielsen, T. Miyakawa, J. Müller, R. Munir, S. Narayanasetti, O. Ndiaye, C. Nobre, A. Oberg, R. Oki, T. Özkan-Haller, T. Palmer, S. Posey, A. Prein, O. Primus, M. Pritchard, J. Pullen, D. Putrasahan, J. Quaas, K. Raghavan, V. Ramaswamy, M. Rapp, F. Rauser, M. Reichstein, A. Revi, S. Saluja, M. Satoh, V. Schemann, S. Schemm, C. Schnadt Poberaj, T. Schulthess, C. Senior, J. Shukla, M. Singh, J. Slingo, A. Sobel, S. Solman, J. Spitzer, P. Stier, T. Stocker, S. Strock, H. Su, P. Taalas, J. Taylor, S. Tegtmeier, G. Teutsch, A. Tompkins, U. Ulbrich, P.-L. Vidale, C.-M. Wu, H. Xu, N. Zaki, L. Zanna, T. Zhou, and F. Ziemen
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: To manage Earth in the Anthropocene, new tools, new institutions, and new forms of international cooperation will be required. Earth Virtualization Engines is proposed as an international federation of centers of excellence to empower all people to respond to the immense and urgent challenges posed by climate change.
Published: 2024
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2. Temporal Structures in Positron Spectra and Charge-Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays

Author: M. Aguilar, G. Ambrosi, H. Anderson, L. Arruda, N. Attig, C. Bagwell, F. Barao, M. Barbanera, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, R. Battiston, N. Belyaev, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, K. Bollweg, J. Bolster, M. Borchiellini, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, G. M. Chen, G. R. Chen, H. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, S. Chouridou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, F. D’Angelo, A. Dass, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, V. Di Felice, C. Díaz, F. Dimiccoli, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Eline, F. Faldi, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, C. Gámez, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, M. Gervasi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, A. N. Guracho, S. Haino, K. C. Han, R. K. Hashmani, Z. H. He, B. Heber, T. H. Hsieh, J. Y. Hu, B. W. Huang, M. Ionica, M. Incagli, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, G. Karagöz, S. Khan, B. Khiali, Th. Kirn, A. P. Klipfel, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, D. Krasnopevtsev, A. Kuhlman, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, G. LaVecchia, I. Lazzizzera, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, M. Li, Q. Li, Q. Y. Li, S. Li, S. L. Li, J. H. Li, Z. H. Li, J. Liang, M. J. Liang, C. H. Lin, T. Lippert, J. H. Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, J. Z. Luo, S. D. Luo, Xi Luo, C. Mañá, J. Marín, J. Marquardt, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, T. Medvedeva, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, Y. Najafi Jozani, J. Negrete, R. Nicolaidis, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, J. Ocampo-Peleteiro, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. A. Ottupara, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, V. Plyaskin, S. Poluianov, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, L. Quadrani, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, A. Reina Conde, E. Robyn, I. Rodríguez-García, L. Romaneehsen, F. Rossi, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, E. Savin, S. Schael, A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, T. Siedenburg, G. Silvestre, J. W. Song, X. J. Song, R. Sonnabend, L. Strigari, T. Su, Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, J. Tian, Y. Tian, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, T. Urban, I. Usoskin, V. Vagelli, R. Vainio, M. Valencia-Otero, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, C. X. Wang, L. Wang, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, S. Wang, X. Wang, Yu Wang, Z. M. Wang, J. Wei, Z. L. Weng, H. Wu, Y. Wu, J. N. Xiao, R. Q. Xiong, X. Z. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, H. T. Yang, Y. Yang, A. Yelland, H. Yi, Y. H. You, Y. M. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, F. Z. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, C. Zheng, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2023
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3. Properties of Cosmic-Ray Sulfur and Determination of the Composition of Primary Cosmic-Ray Carbon, Neon, Magnesium, and Sulfur: Ten-Year Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, C. Bagwell, F. Barao, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, R. Battiston, N. Belyaev, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, K. Bollweg, J. Bolster, M. Borchiellini, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, G. M. Chen, G. R. Chen, H. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, S. Chouridou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, A. Dass, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, V. Di Felice, C. Díaz, F. Dimiccoli, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Eline, F. Faldi, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, C. Gámez, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, M. Gervasi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, A. N. Guracho, S. Haino, K. C. Han, R. K. Hashmani, Z. H. He, B. Heber, T. H. Hsieh, J. Y. Hu, B. W. Huang, M. Incagli, W. Y. Jang, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, G. Karagöz, B. Khiali, G. N. Kim, Th. Kirn, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, D. Krasnopevtsev, A. Kuhlman, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, G. LaVecchia, I. Lazzizzera, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, M. Li, Q. Li, Q. Y. Li, S. Li, S. L. Li, J. H. Li, Z. H. Li, J. Liang, M. J. Liang, C. H. Lin, T. Lippert, J. H. Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, J. Z. Luo, S. D. Luo, Xi Luo, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, J. Marquardt, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, T. Medvedeva, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. V. Mikhailov, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, J. Negrete, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, J. Ocampo-Peleteiro, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. A. Ottupara, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, V. Plyaskin, S. Poluianov, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, L. Quadrani, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, A. Reina Conde, E. Robyn, L. Romaneehsen, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, T. Siedenburg, J. W. Song, X. J. Song, R. Sonnabend, L. Strigari, T. Su, Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, J. Tian, Y. Tian, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, T. Urban, I. Usoskin, V. Vagelli, R. Vainio, M. Valencia-Otero, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, C. X. Wang, L. Wang, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, S. Wang, X. Wang, Yu Wang, Z. M. Wang, J. Wei, Z. L. Weng, H. Wu, Y. Wu, J. N. Xiao, R. Q. Xiong, X. Z. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, H. T. Yang, Y. Yang, I. I. Yashin, A. Yelland, H. Yi, Y. H. You, Y. M. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, F. Z. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, C. Zheng, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2023
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4. Temporal Structures in Electron Spectra and Charge Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, C. Bagwell, F. Barao, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, R. Battiston, M. Behlmann, N. Belyaev, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, K. Bollweg, J. Bolster, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, S. Burmeister, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, G. M. Chen, G. R. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, S. Chouridou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, A. Dass, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, V. Di Felice, C. Díaz, F. Dimiccoli, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Eline, F. Faldi, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, C. Freeman, C. Gámez, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, M. Gervasi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, A. N. Guracho, S. Haino, K. C. Han, R. K. Hashmani, Z. H. He, B. Heber, T. H. Hsieh, J. Y. Hu, M. Incagli, W. Y. Jang, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, G. Karagöz, B. Khiali, G. N. Kim, Th. Kirn, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, D. Krasnopevtsev, A. Kuhlman, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, G. LaVecchia, I. Lazzizzera, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, M. Li, Q. Li, Q. Y. Li, S. Li, S. L. Li, J. H. Li, Z. H. Li, J. Liang, M. J. Liang, C. Light, C. H. Lin, T. Lippert, J. H. Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, J. Z. Luo, Xi Luo, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, J. Marquardt, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, T. Medvedeva, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. V. Mikhailov, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, J. Negrete, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, J. Ocampo-Peleteiro, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, S. Poluianov, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, L. Quadrani, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, A. Reina Conde, E. Robyn, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, T. Siedenburg, J. W. Song, X. J. Song, R. Sonnabend, L. Strigari, T. Su, Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, J. Tian, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, T. Urban, I. Usoskin, V. Vagelli, R. Vainio, M. Valencia-Otero, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, C. X. Wang, L. Wang, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, S. Wang, X. Wang, Yu Wang, Z. M. Wang, J. Wei, Z. L. Weng, H. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, Y. Yang, I. I. Yashin, A. Yelland, H. Yi, Y. M. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, F. Z. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, C. Zheng, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2023
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5. Matching stimulation paradigms resolve apparent differences between optogenetic and electrical VTA stimulation

Author: Theresa CS. Weidner, Daniel Vincenz, Marta Brocka, Jennifer Tegtmeier, Anja M. Oelschlegel, Frank W. Ohl, Jürgen Goldschmidt, and Michael T. Lippert
Subjects: Optogenetics, Electrical stimulation, VTA, Reward, Functional imaging, SPECT, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Background: Optogenetic stimulation has grown into a popular brain stimulation method in basic neuroscience while electrical stimulation predominates in clinical applications. In order to explain the effects of electrical stimulation on a cellular level and evaluate potential advantages of optogenetic therapies, comparisons between the two stimulation modalities are necessary. This comparison is hindered, however, by the difficulty of effectively matching the two fundamentally different modalities. Objective: Comparison of brain-wide activation patterns in response to intensity-matched electrical and optogenetic VTA stimulation. Methods: We mapped optogenetic and electrical self-stimulation rates in the same mice over stimulation intensity and determined iso-behavioral intensities. Using functional 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT imaging of cerebral blood flow in awake animals, we obtained brain-wide activation patterns for both modalities at these iso-behavioral intensities. We performed these experiments in two mouse lines commonly used for optogenetic VTA stimulation, DAT::Cre and TH::Cre mice. Results: We find iso-behavioral intensity matching of stimulation gives rise to similar brain activation patterns. Differences between mouse lines were more pronounced than differences between modalities. Conclusions: Previously found large differences of electrical and optogenetic stimulation might be due to unmatched stimulation intensity, particularly relative electrical overstimulation. These findings imply that therapeutic electrical VTA stimulation might be relatively specific if employed with optimized parameters.
Published: 2020
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6. Increasing neurogenesis refines hippocampal activity rejuvenating navigational learning strategies and contextual memory throughout life

Author: Gabriel Berdugo-Vega, Gonzalo Arias-Gil, Adrian López-Fernández, Benedetta Artegiani, Joanna M. Wasielewska, Chi-Chieh Lee, Michael T. Lippert, Gerd Kempermann, Kentaroh Takagaki, and Federico Calegari
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Ageing affects several brain areas causing a decrease in cognitive abilities and memory. We find that increasing the endogenous potential of the hippocampus to generate new neurons throughout life rejuvenates learning and memory, indicating that neural reserves can be exploited during ageing to compensate for age- or disease-related cognitive impairments.
Published: 2020
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7. Properties of Daily Helium Fluxes

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, F. Barao, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, R. Battiston, M. Behlmann, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, K. Bollweg, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, S. Burmeister, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, G. M. Chen, G. R. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, S. Chouridou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, A. Dass, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, V. Di Felice, C. Díaz, F. Dimiccoli, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Eline, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, C. Freeman, C. Gámez, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, M. Gervasi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, S. Haino, K. C. Han, R. K. Hashmani, Z. H. He, B. Heber, T. H. Hsieh, J. Y. Hu, M. Incagli, W. Y. Jang, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, G. Karagöz, B. Khiali, G. N. Kim, Th. Kirn, M. Konyushikhin, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, D. Krasnopevtsev, A. Kuhlman, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, M. Li, Q. Li, Q. Y. Li, S. Li, S. L. Li, J. H. Li, Z. H. Li, J. Liang, M. J. Liang, C. Light, C. H. Lin, T. Lippert, J. H. Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, J. Z. Luo, Xi Luo, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, J. Marquardt, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, T. Medvedeva, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. V. Mikhailov, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, J. Negrete, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, J. Ocampo-Peleteiro, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, S. Poluianov, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, L. Quadrani, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, A. Reina Conde, E. Robyn, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, T. Siedenburg, J. W. Song, X. J. Song, R. Sonnabend, L. Strigari, T. Su, Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, J. Tian, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, T. Urban, I. Usoskin, V. Vagelli, R. Vainio, M. Valencia-Otero, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, C. X. Wang, L. Wang, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, S. Wang, X. Wang, Yu Wang, Z. M. Wang, J. Wei, Z. L. Weng, H. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, Y. Yang, I. I. Yashin, H. Yi, Y. M. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, F. Z. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, C. Zheng, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2022
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8. Optogenetic stimulation of the VTA modulates a frequency-specific gain of thalamocortical inputs in infragranular layers of the auditory cortex

Author: Michael G. K. Brunk, Katrina E. Deane, Martin Kisse, Matthias Deliano, Silvia Vieweg, Frank W. Ohl, Michael T. Lippert, and Max F. K. Happel
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Reward associations during auditory learning induce cortical plasticity in the primary auditory cortex. A prominent source of such influence is the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which conveys a dopaminergic teaching signal to the primary auditory cortex. Yet, it is unknown, how the VTA influences cortical frequency processing and spectral integration. Therefore, we investigated the temporal effects of direct optogenetic stimulation of the VTA onto spectral integration in the auditory cortex on a synaptic circuit level by current-source-density analysis in anesthetized Mongolian gerbils. While auditory lemniscal input predominantly terminates in the granular input layers III/IV, we found that VTA-mediated modulation of spectral processing is relayed by a different circuit, namely enhanced thalamic inputs to the infragranular layers Vb/VIa. Activation of this circuit yields a frequency-specific gain amplification of local sensory input and enhances corticocortical information transfer, especially in supragranular layers I/II. This effects persisted over more than 30 minutes after VTA stimulation. Altogether, we demonstrate that the VTA exhibits a long-lasting influence on sensory cortical processing via infragranular layers transcending the signaling of a mere reward-prediction error. We thereby demonstrate a cellular and circuit substrate for the influence of reinforcement-evaluating brain systems on sensory processing in the auditory cortex.
Published: 2019
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9. Periodicities in the Daily Proton Fluxes from 2011 to 2019 Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station from 1 to 100 GV

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, F. Barao, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, R. Battiston, M. Behlmann, B. Beranek, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, K. Bollweg, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, S. Burmeister, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, G. M. Chen, G. R. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, S. Chouridou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, A. Dass, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, V. Di Felice, C. Díaz, F. Dimiccoli, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Eline, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, C. Freeman, C. Gámez, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, M. Gervasi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, S. Haino, K. C. Han, R. K. Hashmani, Z. H. He, B. Heber, T. H. Hsieh, J. Y. Hu, M. Incagli, W. Y. Jang, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, G. Karagöz, B. Khiali, G. N. Kim, Th. Kirn, M. Konyushikhin, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, D. Krasnopevtsev, A. Kuhlman, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, J. Q. Li, M. Li, Q. Li, S. Li, J. H. Li, Z. H. Li, J. Liang, C. Light, C. H. Lin, T. Lippert, J. H. Liu, Z. Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, J. Z. Luo, Xi Luo, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, J. Marquardt, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, T. Medvedeva, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. V. Mikhailov, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, J. Negrete, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, H. D. Phan, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, S. Poluianov, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, L. Quadrani, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, A. Reina Conde, E. Robyn, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, Z. Shakfa, B. S. Shan, T. Siedenburg, C. Solano, J. W. Song, X. J. Song, R. Sonnabend, L. Strigari, T. Su, Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, J. Tian, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, T. Urban, I. Usoskin, V. Vagelli, R. Vainio, M. Valencia-Otero, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, C. X. Wang, L. Wang, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, S. Wang, X. Wang, Yu Wang, Z. M. Wang, J. Wei, Z. L. Weng, H. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, Y. Yang, I. I. Yashin, H. Yi, Y. M. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, F. Z. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, C. Zheng, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2021
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10. Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, F. Barao, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, R. Battiston, M. Behlmann, B. Beranek, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, K. Bollweg, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, S. Burmeister, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, G. M. Chen, G. R. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, S. Chouridou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, V. Di Felice, C. Díaz, F. Dimiccoli, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Eline, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, C. Freeman, C. Gámez, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, M. Gervasi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, S. Haino, K. C. Han, R. K. Hashmani, Z. H. He, B. Heber, T. H. Hsieh, J. Y. Hu, M. Incagli, W. Y. Jang, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, B. Khiali, G. N. Kim, Th. Kirn, M. Konyushikhin, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, D. Krasnopevtsev, A. Kuhlman, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, J. Q. Li, M. Li, Q. Li, S. Li, J. H. Li, Z. H. Li, J. Liang, C. Light, C. H. Lin, T. Lippert, J. H. Liu, Z. Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, J. Z. Luo, Xi Luo, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, J. Marquardt, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, T. Medvedeva, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. V. Mikhailov, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, J. Negrete, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, H. D. Phan, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, S. Poluianov, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, L. Quadrani, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, A. Reina Conde, E. Robyn, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, Z. Shakfa, B. S. Shan, T. Siedenburg, C. Solano, J. W. Song, X. J. Song, R. Sonnabend, L. Strigari, T. Su, Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, J. Tian, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Tüysüz, T. Urban, I. Usoskin, V. Vagelli, R. Vainio, M. Valencia-Otero, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, C. X. Wang, L. Wang, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, S. Wang, X. Wang, Yu Wang, Z. M. Wang, J. Wei, Z. L. Weng, H. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, Y. Yang, I. I. Yashin, H. Yi, Y. M. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, F. Z. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, C. Zheng, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2021
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11. Properties of Heavy Secondary Fluorine Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, M. S. Allen, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, F. Barao, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, R. Battiston, M. Behlmann, B. Beranek, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, K. Bollweg, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, S. Burmeister, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, G. M. Chen, G. R. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, S. Chouridou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, V. Di Felice, C. Díaz, F. Dimiccoli, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Eline, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, C. Freeman, Y. Galaktionov, C. Gámez, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, M. Gervasi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, S. Haino, K. C. Han, R. K. Hashmani, Z. H. He, B. Heber, T. H. Hsieh, J. Y. Hu, M. Incagli, W. Y. Jang, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, B. Khiali, G. N. Kim, Th. Kirn, M. Konyushikhin, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, A. Kuhlman, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, J. Q. Li, M. Li, Q. Li, S. Li, J. H. Li, Z. H. Li, J. Liang, C. Light, C. H. Lin, T. Lippert, J. H. Liu, Z. Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, J. Z. Luo, Xi Luo, S. S. Lyu, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, J. Marquardt, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. V. Mikhailov, D. C. Mo, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, J. Negrete, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, H. D. Phan, R. Piandani, V. Plyaskin, S. Poluianov, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, L. Quadrani, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, A. Reina Conde, E. Robyn, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, Z. Shakfa, B. S. Shan, T. Siedenburg, C. Solano, J. W. Song, X. J. Song, R. Sonnabend, L. Strigari, T. Su, Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, J. Tian, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Tüysüz, T. Urban, I. Usoskin, V. Vagelli, R. Vainio, M. Valencia-Otero, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, C. X. Wang, L. Wang, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, S. Wang, X. Wang, Yu Wang, Z. M. Wang, J. Wei, Z. L. Weng, H. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, Y. Yang, I. I. Yashin, H. Yi, Y. M. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, F. Z. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, C. Zheng, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2021
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12. Properties of Iron Primary Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, M. S. Allen, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, F. Barao, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, R. Battiston, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, S. Burmeister, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, G. M. Chen, G. R. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, S. Chouridou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, V. Di Felice, C. Díaz, F. Dimiccoli, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Eline, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, C. Freeman, Y. Galaktionov, C. Gámez, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, M. Gervasi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, S. Haino, K. C. Han, R. K. Hashmani, Z. H. He, B. Heber, T. H. Hsieh, J. Y. Hu, M. Incagli, W. Y. Jang, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, B. Khiali, G. N. Kim, Th. Kirn, M. Konyushikhin, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, A. Kuhlman, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, J. Q. Li, M. Li, Q. Li, S. Li, J. H. Li, Z. H. Li, J. Liang, C. Light, C. H. Lin, T. Lippert, J. H. Liu, Z. Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, J. Z. Luo, Xi Luo, S. S. Lyu, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, J. Marquardt, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. V. Mikhailov, D. C. Mo, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, J. Negrete, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, H. D. Phan, R. Piandani, V. Plyaskin, S. Poluianov, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, L. Quadrani, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, A. Reina Conde, E. Robyn, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, Z. Shakfa, B. S. Shan, T. Siedenburg, C. Solano, J. W. Song, X. J. Song, R. Sonnabend, L. Strigari, T. Su, Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, J. Tian, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Tüysüz, T. Urban, I. Usoskin, V. Vagelli, R. Vainio, M. Valencia-Otero, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, C. X. Wang, L. Wang, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, S. Wang, X. Wang, Yu Wang, Z. M. Wang, J. Wei, Z. L. Weng, H. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, Y. Yang, I. I. Yashin, H. Yi, Y. M. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, F. Z. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, C. Zheng, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2021
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13. Properties of Neon, Magnesium, and Silicon Primary Cosmic Rays Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, F. Barao, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, R. Battiston, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, S. Burmeister, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, S. Chouridou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, Y. M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, V. Di Felice, C. Díaz, F. Dimiccoli, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Eline, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, C. Freeman, Y. Galaktionov, C. Gámez, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, K. H. Guo, S. Haino, K. C. Han, R. K. Hashmani, Z. H. He, B. Heber, T. H. Hsieh, J. Y. Hu, Z. C. Huang, M. Incagli, W. Y. Jang, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, B. Khiali, G. N. Kim, Th. Kirn, M. Konyushikhin, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, A. Kuhlman, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, J. Q. Li, M. Li, Q. Li, S. Li, T. X. Li, Z. H. Li, C. Light, C. H. Lin, T. Lippert, Z. Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lyu, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, J. Marquardt, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, H. D. Phan, R. Piandani, V. Plyaskin, S. Poluianov, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, L. Quadrani, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, A. Reina Conde, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, J. Y. Shi, T. Siedenburg, C. Solano, R. Sonnabend, J. W. Song, Q. Sun, Z. T. Sun, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, J. Tian, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Tüysüz, T. Urban, I. Usoskin, V. Vagelli, R. Vainio, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, C. Wallmann, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. X. Wang, J. Wei, Z. L. Weng, H. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, Y. Yang, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, F. Z. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2020
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14. Recalling Gist Memory Over a Lifetime Depends on CA1 Hippocampal Neurons, Memory Precision on CA3's

Author: Erika Atucha, Shih-Pi Ku, Michael T. Lippert, and Magdalena Sauvage
Published: 2023
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15. Properties of Cosmic Helium Isotopes Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, R. Battiston, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, Y. M. Dai, A. Datta, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, V. Di Felice, C. Díaz, F. Dimiccoli, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Eline, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, Y. Galaktionov, C. Gámez, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, K. H. Guo, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, T. H. Hsieh, H. Huang, Z. C. Huang, M. Incagli, W. Y. Jang, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, B. Khiali, G. N. Kim, Th. Kirn, M. Konyushikhin, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, Z. H. Li, C. Light, C. H. Lin, T. Lippert, Z. Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, Xi Luo, S. S. Lyu, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, T. Nelson, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, H. D. Phan, V. Plyaskin, V. Poireau, S. Poluianov, A. Popkow, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, L. Quadrani, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, A. Reina Conde, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, J. Y. Shi, T. Siedenburg, C. Solano, J. W. Song, Z. T. Sun, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, J. Tian, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Tüysüz, T. Urban, I. Usoskin, V. Vagelli, R. Vainio, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, X. Wang, X. Q. Wang, Z. X. Wang, J. Wei, Z. L. Weng, H. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, Y. Yang, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, S. Zeissler, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2019
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16. Towards Understanding the Origin of Cosmic-Ray Electrons

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, R. Battiston, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, Y. M. Dai, A. Datta, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, V. Di Felice, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Eline, T. Eronen, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, Y. Galaktionov, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, K. H. Guo, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, T. H. Hsieh, H. Huang, Z. C. Huang, M. Incagli, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, B. Khiali, Th. Kirn, C. Konak, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, Z. H. Li, C. Light, C. H. Lin, T. Lippert, F. Z. Liu, Hu Liu, Z. Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, Xi Luo, S. S. Lyu, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, T. Nelson, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, C. Perrina, H. D. Phan, N. Picot-Clemente, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Popkow, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, A. Reina Conde, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, C. Solano, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, J. Y. Shi, T. Siedenburg, J. W. Song, Z. T. Sun, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, J. Tian, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, J. Vizán, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, X. Wang, X. Q. Wang, Z. X. Wang, J. Wei, Z. L. Weng, H. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, Y. Yang, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, S. Zeissler, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2019
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17. Towards Understanding the Origin of Cosmic-Ray Positrons

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, R. Battiston, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, Y. M. Dai, A. Datta, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Eline, T. Eronen, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, Y. Galaktionov, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, K. H. Guo, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, T. H. Hsieh, H. Huang, Z. C. Huang, M. Incagli, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, B. Khiali, Th. Kirn, C. Konak, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, Z. H. Li, C. Light, C. H. Lin, T. Lippert, F. Z. Liu, Hu Liu, Z. Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, Xi Luo, S. S. Lyu, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, T. Nelson, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, C. Perrina, H. D. Phan, N. Picot-Clemente, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Popkow, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, A. Reina Conde, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, C. Solano, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, J. Y. Shi, T. Siedenburg, J. W. Song, Z. T. Sun, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, J. Tian, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, J. Vizán, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, X. Wang, X. Q. Wang, Z. X. Wang, J. Wei, Z. L. Weng, H. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, Y. Yang, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, S. Zeissler, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2019
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18. Author Correction: Increasing neurogenesis refines hippocampal activity rejuvenating navigational learning strategies and contextual memory throughout life

Author: Gabriel Berdugo-Vega, Gonzalo Arias-Gil, Adrian López-Fernández, Benedetta Artegiani, Joanna M. Wasielewska, Chi-Chieh Lee, Michael T. Lippert, Gerd Kempermann, Kentaroh Takagaki, and Federico Calegari
Subjects: Science
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Published: 2020
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19. CAVE: An Open-Source Tool for Combined Analysis of Head-Mounted Calcium Imaging and Behavior in MATLAB

Author: Jennifer Tegtmeier, Marcel Brosch, Kathrin Janitzky, Hans-Jochen Heinze, Frank W. Ohl, and Michael T. Lippert
Subjects: single-photon head-mounted calcium imaging, in vivo imaging, freely moving, awake behaving, open source software, image analysis, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Calcium imaging in freely behaving rodents using head-mounted miniature microscopes is currently becoming an increasingly popular technique in neuroscience. Due to the large amounts of complex data that the technique produces, user friendly software is needed for quick and efficient processing. Here, we present a new tool for analyzing calcium imaging data from head-mounted microscopes together with simultaneously acquired behavioral data: CAVE (Calcium ActiVity Explorer). CAVE bundles a unique set of algorithms specifically tailored to the analysis of single-photon imaging data from awake behaving animals including efficient motion correction and automatic ROI selection with manual audit and refinement. For behavioral analysis, CAVE can automatically track animal position and orientation. Individual behavioral epochs and external events can then be analyzed in correlation to calcium imaging and tracking data. Our program is written in MATLAB, the source code is open source and particularly focuses on providing a streamlined workflow for novice users while also retaining detailed configuration options for advanced users. We evaluate the performance of CAVE by investigating neural activity in hippocampus and somatosensory cortex. The fast analysis provided by CAVE allowed us to track activity in a large set of animals over the course of several months during exploration behavior, detailing the properties of onset and offset of observable activity and the visible cells per imaging location.
Published: 2018
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20. Observation of Complex Time Structures in the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, S. Aupetit, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, K. F. Bindel, V. Bindi, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, W. Creus, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, Y. M. Dai, A. Datta, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, D. D’Urso, A. Egorov, A. Eline, T. Eronen, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, K. H. Guo, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, T. H. Hsieh, H. Huang, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, S. C. Kang, K. Kanishev, B. Khiali, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th. Kirn, C. Konak, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. S. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, Hu Liu, V. D. Lordello, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lyu, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. M. Mikuni, D. C. Mo, P. Mott, T. Nelson, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, C. Palomares, M. Paniccia, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, C. Perrina, H. D. Phan, N. Picot-Clemente, F. Pilo, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, J. Y. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, J. W. Song, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, D. Tescaro, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Türkoğlu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, X. Wang, X. Q. Wang, Z. X. Wang, C. C. Wei, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, H. Wu, X. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Y. Yang, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, S. Zeissler, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, S. W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2018
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21. Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, S. Aupetit, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, K. F. Bindel, V. Bindi, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, W. Creus, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, Y. M. Dai, A. Datta, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, A. Egorov, A. Eline, T. Eronen, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, K. H. Guo, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, T. H. Hsieh, H. Huang, Z. C. Huang, M. Incagli, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, B. Khiali, Th. Kirn, C. Konak, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. S. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, Hu Liu, Z. Liu, V. D. Lordello, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lyu, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. M. Mikuni, D. C. Mo, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, T. Nelson, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, C. Palomares, M. Paniccia, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, C. Perrina, H. D. Phan, N. Picot-Clemente, F. Pilo, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, J. Y. Shi, T. Siedenburg, J. W. Song, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, D. Tescaro, J. Tian, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, X. Wang, X. Q. Wang, Z. X. Wang, C. C. Wei, J. Wei, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, H. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, M. Yang, Y. Yang, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, S. Zeissler, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, S. W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2018
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22. Observation of Fine Time Structures in the Cosmic Proton and Helium Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, S. Aupetit, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, K. F. Bindel, V. Bindi, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, W. Creus, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, Y. M. Dai, A. Datta, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, D. D’Urso, A. Egorov, A. Eline, T. Eronen, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, K. H. Guo, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, H. Huang, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, S. C. Kang, K. Kanishev, B. Khiali, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th. Kirn, C. Konak, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. S. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, C. Light, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, Hu Liu, V. D. Lordello, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, X. Luo, S. S. Lyu, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. M. Mikuni, D. C. Mo, P. Mott, T. Nelson, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, C. Palomares, M. Paniccia, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, C. Perrina, H. D. Phan, N. Picot-Clemente, F. Pilo, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Popkow, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, J. Y. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, J. W. Song, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, D. Tescaro, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Türkoğlu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, X. Wang, X. Q. Wang, Z. X. Wang, C. C. Wei, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, H. Wu, X. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Y. Yang, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, S. Zeissler, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, S. W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2018
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23. Observation of New Properties of Secondary Cosmic Rays Lithium, Beryllium, and Boron by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, S. Aupetit, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, K. F. Bindel, V. Bindi, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, W. Creus, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, Y. M. Dai, A. Datta, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, D. D’Urso, A. Egorov, A. Eline, T. Eronen, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, K. H. Guo, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, T. H. Hsieh, H. Huang, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, S. C. Kang, K. Kanishev, B. Khiali, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th. Kirn, C. Konak, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. S. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, Hu Liu, V. D. Lordello, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lyu, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. M. Mikuni, D. C. Mo, P. Mott, T. Nelson, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, C. Palomares, M. Paniccia, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, C. Perrina, H. D. Phan, N. Picot-Clemente, F. Pilo, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, J. Y. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, J. W. Song, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, D. Tescaro, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Türkoğlu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, V. Vitale, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, X. Wang, X. Q. Wang, Z. X. Wang, C. C. Wei, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, H. Wu, X. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Y. Yang, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, S. Zeissler, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, S. W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2018
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24. Observation of the Identical Rigidity Dependence of He, C, and O Cosmic Rays at High Rigidities by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, S. Aupetit, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, K. F. Bindel, V. Bindi, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, W. J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, W. Creus, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, K. Dadzie, Y. M. Dai, A. Datta, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, O. Demakov, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, D. D’Urso, A. Egorov, A. Eline, T. Eronen, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P. Fisher, V. Formato, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, K. H. Guo, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, H. Huang, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, S. C. Kang, K. Kanishev, B. Khiali, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th. Kirn, C. Konak, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. S. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, Hu Liu, V. D. Lordello, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lyu, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. M. Mikuni, D. C. Mo, P. Mott, T. Nelson, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, C. Palomares, M. Paniccia, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, C. Perrina, H. D. Phan, N. Picot-Clemente, F. Pilo, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, J. Y. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, J. W. Song, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, D. Tescaro, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Türkoğlu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, V. Vitale, S. Vitillo, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, X. Wang, X. Q. Wang, Z. X. Wang, C. C. Wei, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, H. Wu, X. Wu, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Y. Yang, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, S. Zeissler, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, S. W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2017
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25. Matching stimulation paradigms resolve apparent differences between optogenetic and electrical VTA stimulation

Author: Michael T. Lippert, Theresa Weidner, Anja M. Oelschlegel, Marta Brocka, Jennifer Tegtmeier, Frank W. Ohl, Daniel Vincenz, and Jürgen Goldschmidt
Subjects: Brain activation, Biophysics, Stimulation, Optogenetics, Cellular level, 050105 experimental psychology, lcsh:RC321-571, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Reward, Spect imaging, Animals, Medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Evoked Potentials, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Ventral Tegmental Area, 05 social sciences, Electrical stimulation, SPECT, Functional imaging, VTA, Electric Stimulation, Cerebral blood flow, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Brain stimulation, Neurology (clinical), business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background Optogenetic stimulation has grown into a popular brain stimulation method in basic neuroscience while electrical stimulation predominates in clinical applications. In order to explain the effects of electrical stimulation on a cellular level and evaluate potential advantages of optogenetic therapies, comparisons between the two stimulation modalities are necessary. This comparison is hindered, however, by the difficulty of effectively matching the two fundamentally different modalities. Objective Comparison of brain-wide activation patterns in response to intensity-matched electrical and optogenetic VTA stimulation. Methods We mapped optogenetic and electrical self-stimulation rates in the same mice over stimulation intensity and determined iso-behavioral intensities. Using functional 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT imaging of cerebral blood flow in awake animals, we obtained brain-wide activation patterns for both modalities at these iso-behavioral intensities. We performed these experiments in two mouse lines commonly used for optogenetic VTA stimulation, DAT::Cre and TH::Cre mice. Results We find iso-behavioral intensity matching of stimulation gives rise to similar brain activation patterns. Differences between mouse lines were more pronounced than differences between modalities. Conclusions Previously found large differences of electrical and optogenetic stimulation might be due to unmatched stimulation intensity, particularly relative electrical overstimulation. These findings imply that therapeutic electrical VTA stimulation might be relatively specific if employed with optimized parameters.
Published: 2020

26. Increasing neurogenesis refines hippocampal activity rejuvenating navigational learning strategies and contextual memory throughout life

Author: Gonzalo Arias-Gil, Gerd Kempermann, Benedetta Artegiani, Joanna M. Wasielewska, Gabriel Berdugo-Vega, Chi-Chieh Lee, Federico Calegari, Kentaroh Takagaki, Michael T. Lippert, and Adrian López-Fernández
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Aging, physiology [Hippocampus], General Physics and Astronomy, Hippocampal formation, Adult neurogenesis, Hippocampus, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, physiology [Neural Stem Cells], Cyclin D1, lcsh:Science, Episodic memory, Multidisciplinary, Cognitive ageing, Neurogenesis, Contextual learning, physiology [Neurogenesis], physiology [Aging], physiology [Memory Consolidation], Neural stem cell, Memory consolidation, Female, ddc:500, Contextual memory, Science, metabolism [Cyclin D1], Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Memory, metabolism [Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4], Animals, Learning, physiology [Learning], Author Correction, physiology [Memory], Memory Consolidation, Neural stem cells, Cdk4 protein, mouse, Ccnd1 protein, mouse, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4, General Chemistry, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, nervous system, Ageing, lcsh:Q, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Functional plasticity of the brain decreases during ageing causing marked deficits in contextual learning, allocentric navigation and episodic memory. Adult neurogenesis is a prime example of hippocampal plasticity promoting the contextualisation of information and dramatically decreases during ageing. We found that a genetically-driven expansion of neural stem cells by overexpression of the cell cycle regulators Cdk4/cyclinD1 compensated the age-related decline in neurogenesis. This triggered an overall inhibitory effect on the trisynaptic hippocampal circuit resulting in a changed profile of CA1 sharp-wave ripples known to underlie memory consolidation. Most importantly, increased neurogenesis rescued the age-related switch from hippocampal to striatal learning strategies by rescuing allocentric navigation and contextual memory. Our study demonstrates that critical aspects of hippocampal function can be reversed in old age, or compensated throughout life, by exploiting the brain’s endogenous reserve of neural stem cells., Ageing affects several brain areas causing a decrease in cognitive abilities and memory. We find that increasing the endogenous potential of the hippocampus to generate new neurons throughout life rejuvenates learning and memory, indicating that neural reserves can be exploited during ageing to compensate for age- or disease-related cognitive impairments.
Published: 2020
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27. High precision scale setting on the lattice

Author: Lukas Varnhorst, Sz. Borsanyi, Z. Fodor, J. N. Guenther, C. Hoelbling, S. D. Katz, L. Lellouch, T. Lippert, K. Miura, L. Parato, K. K. Szabo, F. Stokes, B. C. Toth, Cs. Torok, Fachbereich Physik [Wuppertal], Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, CPT - E1 Physique des particules, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Helmholtz Institute Mainz, and Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU)
Subjects: [PHYS.HLAT]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Lattice [hep-lat], [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022
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28. Large imprint in epitaxial 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.33PbTiO3 thin films for piezoelectric energy harvesting applications

Author: J. Belhadi, Z. Hanani, U. Trstenjak, N. A. Shepelin, V. Bobnar, G. Koster, J. Hlinka, D. Pergolesi, T. Lippert, M. El Marssi, M. Spreitzer, MESA+ Institute, and Inorganic Materials Science
Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 2023 OA procedure
Abstract: Tuning and stabilizing a large imprint in epitaxial relaxor ferroelectric thin films is one of the key factors for designing micro-electromechanical devices with an enhanced figure of merit (FOM). In this work, epitaxial 500 nm-thick 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.33PbTiO3 (PMN–33PT) films, free from secondary phases and with extremely low rocking curves (FWHM 3 (SSO) and DyScO3 (DSO) substrates buffered with SrRuO3 (SRO). The PMN–33PT is observed to grow coherently on SSO substrates (lattice mismatch of −0.7%), which is c-axis oriented and exhibits large tetragonality compared to bulk PMN–33PT, while on DSO substrates (lattice mismatch of −1.9%), the PMN–33PT film is almost completely relaxed and shows reduced tetragonality. Due to the compressive epitaxial strain, the fully strained PMN–33PT film displays typical ferroelectric P–E hysteresis loops, while the relaxed sample shows relaxor-like P–E loops. Samples present large negative imprints of about −88.50 and −49.25 kV/cm for PMN–33PT/SRO/SSO and PMN–33PT/SRO/DSO, respectively, which is more than threefold higher than the coercive field. The imprint is induced by the alignment of defect dipoles with the polarization and is tuned by the epitaxial strain. It permits the stabilization of a robust positive polarization state (Pr ∼ 20 μC/cm2) and low dielectric permittivity (33,eff relative to the fully strained sample. The obtained low dielectric permittivity and the high piezoelectric coefficients at zero electric field in the studied PMN–33PT films hold great promise to maximize the FOM toward applications in piezoelectric devices.
Published: 2022
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29. Precision Measurement of the Boron to Carbon Flux Ratio in Cosmic Rays from 1.9 GV to 2.6 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, S. Aupetit, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, S. Başeğmez-du Pree, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, K. F. Bindel, V. Bindi, G. Boella, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, W. Creus, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, Y. M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, O. Demakov, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, D. D’Urso, A. Egorov, A. Eline, T. Eronen, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, E. Finch, P. Fisher, V. Formato, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, B. García, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, F. Giovacchini, P. Goglov, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, K. H. Guo, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, H. Huang, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, H. Jinchi, S. C. Kang, K. Kanishev, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th. Kirn, C. Konak, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, M. S. Krafczyk, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. S. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, Hu Liu, V. D. Lordello, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lv, F. Machate, R. Majka, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. M. Mikuni, D. C. Mo, L. Morescalchi, P. Mott, T. Nelson, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, C. Palomares, M. Paniccia, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, R. Pereira, N. Picot-Clemente, F. Pilo, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Putze, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, J. Sandweiss, P. Saouter, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, J. Y. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, J. W. Song, W. H. Sun, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, L. Tao, D. Tescaro, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Türkoğlu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, C. Vannini, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, V. Vitale, S. Vitillo, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, X. Wang, X. Q. Wang, Z. X. Wang, C. C. Wei, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, J. Wienkenhöver, H. Wu, X. Wu, X. Xia, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Y. Yang, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, S. Zeissler, C. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, S. D. Zhang, S. W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, Z. Q. Zhu, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2016
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30. Antiproton Flux, Antiproton-to-Proton Flux Ratio, and Properties of Elementary Particle Fluxes in Primary Cosmic Rays Measured with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, S. Aupetit, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, S. Başeǧmez-du Pree, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, J. Bazo, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, G. Boella, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, I. Cernuda, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, B. Coste, W. Creus, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, Y. M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, D. D’Urso, A. Egorov, A. Eline, T. Eronen, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, E. Finch, P. Fisher, V. Formato, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, B. García, R. J. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, F. Giovacchini, P. Goglov, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, I. Guerri, K. H. Guo, M. Habiby, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, H. Huang, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, H. Jinchi, S. C. Kang, K. Kanishev, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th. Kirn, C. Konak, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, M. S. Krafczyk, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. S. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, Hu Liu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lv, R. Majka, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, L. Morescalchi, P. Mott, T. Nelson, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, P. Nunes, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, C. Palomares, M. Paniccia, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, R. Pereira, N. Picot-Clemente, F. Pilo, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Putze, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, I. Rodríguez, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, J. Sandweiss, P. Saouter, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, J. Y. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, J. W. Song, W. H. Sun, M. Tacconi, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, L. Tao, D. Tescaro, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Türkoğlu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, C. Vannini, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, V. Vitale, S. Vitillo, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, X. Wang, X. Q. Wang, Z. X. Wang, C. C. Wei, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, J. Wienkenhöver, M. Willenbrock, H. Wu, X. Wu, X. Xia, R. Q. Xiong, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Y. Yang, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, S. Zeissler, C. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, S. D. Zhang, S. W. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, Z. Q. Zhu, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2016
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31. Growth of LixLaySrzMnO3 thin films by pulsed laser deposition: complex relation between thin film composition and deposition parameters

Author: E. Gilardi, Stefan Smetaczek, Andreas Limbeck, T. Lippert, Jochen Stahn, Christof W. Schneider, and G. Bimashofer
Subjects: Materials science, Oxide, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Pulsed laser deposition, Deposition temperature, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Deposition (phase transition), General Materials Science, Lithium, Composition (visual arts), Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Abstract: LixLaySrzMnO3 thin films of various compositions (x,y,z) have been grown using pulsed laser deposition. The compositions of the films have been studied as a function of deposition temperature, target-to-substrate distance and deposition pressure with respect to different cation ratios of the targets by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. When growing multi-elemental oxide thin films containing lithium (with its large mass difference to other elements), lithium loss is most probably inevitable. But the desired thin film composition can be achieved by selecting specific growth conditions and different target compositions. The experiments also elucidate some of the mechanisms behind the incongruent lithium transfer from the targets to thin films.
Published: 2021
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32. Precision Measurement of the Helium Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays of Rigidities 1.9 GV to 3 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: M. Aguilar, D. Aisa, B. Alpat, A. Alvino, G. Ambrosi, K. Andeen, L. Arruda, N. Attig, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, J. Bazo, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, S. Bizzaglia, M. Bizzarri, G. Boella, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, S. Borsini, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, I. Cernuda, D. Cerreta, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. Chen, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, E. Cortina Gil, B. Coste, W. Creus, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, Y. M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, L. Di Masso, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, D. D’Urso, A. Egorov, A. Eline, F. J. Eppling, T. Eronen, Y. Y. Fan, L. Farnesini, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, E. Finch, P. Fisher, V. Formato, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, B. García, R. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, F. Giovacchini, P. Goglov, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, C. Guandalini, I. Guerri, K. H. Guo, D. Haas, M. Habiby, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th. Kirn, M. A. Korkmaz, R. Kossakowski, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, M. S. Krafczyk, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, H. Liu, Hu Liu, M. Lolli, T. Lomtadze, M. J. Lu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lv, R. Majka, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, L. Morescalchi, P. Mott, M. Müller, T. Nelson, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, P. Nunes, A. Obermeier, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, C. Palomares, M. Paniccia, A. Papi, M. Pauluzzi, E. Pedreschi, S. Pensotti, R. Pereira, N. Picot-Clemente, F. Pilo, A. Piluso, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Putze, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, I. Rodríguez, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, J. Sandweiss, P. Saouter, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, G. Scolieri, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, Y. H. Shan, J. Y. Shi, X. Y. Shi, Y. M. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, J. W. Song, F. Spada, F. Spinella, W. Sun, W. H. Sun, M. Tacconi, C. P. Tang, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, L. Tao, D. Tescaro, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Türkoğlu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, C. Vannini, E. Valtonen, S. Vaurynovich, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, V. Vitale, S. Vitillo, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, R. S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, J. Wienkenhöver, M. Willenbrock, H. Wu, X. Wu, X. Xia, M. Xie, S. Xie, R. Q. Xiong, N. S. Xu, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Y. Yang, Q. H. Ye, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, S. Zeissler, C. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, M. T. Zhang, S. D. Zhang, S. W. Zhang, X. B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, and P. Zuccon
Published: 2015
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33. Precision Measurement of the Proton Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from Rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: M. Aguilar, D. Aisa, B. Alpat, A. Alvino, G. Ambrosi, K. Andeen, L. Arruda, N. Attig, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, J. Bazo, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, G. Bigongiari, V. Bindi, S. Bizzaglia, M. Bizzarri, G. Boella, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, S. Borsini, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, V. Cascioli, G. Castellini, I. Cernuda, D. Cerreta, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, H. Chen, G. M. Cheng, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, E. Cortina Gil, B. Coste, W. Creus, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, Y. M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, L. Di Masso, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Donnini, W. J. Du, M. Duranti, D. D’Urso, A. Eline, F. J. Eppling, T. Eronen, Y. Y. Fan, L. Farnesini, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, E. Finch, P. Fisher, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, B. García, R. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, W. Gillard, F. Giovacchini, P. Goglov, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, C. Guandalini, I. Guerri, K. H. Guo, D. Haas, M. Habiby, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th. Kirn, R. Kossakowski, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, M. S. Krafczyk, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, G. Levi, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, H. Liu, M. Lolli, T. Lomtadze, M. J. Lu, S. Q. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lv, R. Majka, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, L. Morescalchi, P. Mott, M. Müller, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, P. Nunes, A. Obermeier, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, C. Palomares, M. Paniccia, A. Papi, M. Pauluzzi, E. Pedreschi, S. Pensotti, R. Pereira, N. Picot-Clemente, F. Pilo, A. Piluso, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, E. Postaci, A. Putze, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, I. Rodríguez, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, J. Sandweiss, P. Saouter, C. Sbarra, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, G. Scolieri, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, Y. H. Shan, J. Y. Shi, X. Y. Shi, Y. M. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, F. Spada, F. Spinella, W. Sun, W. H. Sun, M. Tacconi, C. P. Tang, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, L. Tao, D. Tescaro, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Türkoğlu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, C. Vannini, E. Valtonen, S. Vaurynovich, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, V. Vitale, S. Vitillo, L. Q. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, R. S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, J. Wienkenhöver, H. Wu, X. Wu, X. Xia, M. Xie, S. Xie, R. Q. Xiong, G. M. Xin, N. S. Xu, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Q. H. Ye, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, S. Zeissler, J. H. Zhang, M. T. Zhang, X. B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, P. Zuccon, and C. Zurbach
Published: 2015
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34. Growth of Li

Author: G, Bimashofer, S, Smetaczek, E, Gilardi, C W, Schneider, A, Limbeck, T, Lippert, and J, Stahn
Subjects: Pulsed laser deposition, Thin film, Complex oxide, Lithium, Article
Abstract: LixLaySrzMnO3 thin films of various compositions (x,y,z) have been grown using pulsed laser deposition. The compositions of the films have been studied as a function of deposition temperature, target-to-substrate distance and deposition pressure with respect to different cation ratios of the targets by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. When growing multi-elemental oxide thin films containing lithium (with its large mass difference to other elements), lithium loss is most probably inevitable. But the desired thin film composition can be achieved by selecting specific growth conditions and different target compositions. The experiments also elucidate some of the mechanisms behind the incongruent lithium transfer from the targets to thin films.
Published: 2021

35. Asymmetric multisensory interactions of visual and somatosensory responses in a region of the rat parietal cortex.

Author: Michael T Lippert, Kentaroh Takagaki, Christoph Kayser, and Frank W Ohl
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Perception greatly benefits from integrating multiple sensory cues into a unified percept. To study the neural mechanisms of sensory integration, model systems are required that allow the simultaneous assessment of activity and the use of techniques to affect individual neural processes in behaving animals. While rodents qualify for these requirements, little is known about multisensory integration and areas involved for this purpose in the rodent. Using optical imaging combined with laminar electrophysiological recordings, the rat parietal cortex was identified as an area where visual and somatosensory inputs converge and interact. Our results reveal similar response patterns to visual and somatosensory stimuli at the level of current source density (CSD) responses and multi-unit responses within a strip in parietal cortex. Surprisingly, a selective asymmetry was observed in multisensory interactions: when the somatosensory response preceded the visual response, supra-linear summation of CSD was observed, but the reverse stimulus order resulted in sub-linear effects in the CSD. This asymmetry was not present in multi-unit activity however, which showed consistently sub-linear interactions. These interactions were restricted to a specific temporal window, and pharmacological tests revealed significant local intra-cortical contributions to this phenomenon. Our results highlight the rodent parietal cortex as a system to model the neural underpinnings of multisensory processing in behaving animals and at the cellular level.
Published: 2013
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36. Multiple magnetic ordering phenomena in multiferroic o−HoMnO3

Author: Christof W. Schneider, T. Lippert, Laurenz Rettig, Urs Staub, Mahesh Ramakrishnan, Y. W. Windsor, and A. Alberca
Subjects: Diffraction, Physics, Magnetic moment, Condensed matter physics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Ferroelectricity, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, Antiferromagnetism, Orthorhombic crystal system, Multiferroics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Orthorhombic $\mathrm{HoMn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is a multiferroic in which Mn antiferromagnetic order induces ferroelectricity. A second transition occurs within the multiferroic phase, in which a strong enhancement of the ferroelectric polarization occurs concomitantly to antiferromagnetic ordering of Ho $4f$ magnetic moments. Using the element selectivity of resonant x-ray diffraction, we study the magnetic order of the Mn $3d$ and Ho $4f$ moments. We explicitly show that the Mn magnetic order is affected by the Ho $4f$ magnetic ordering transition. Based on the azimuthal dependence of the $(0\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}q\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}0)$ and $(0\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}1\ensuremath{-}q\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}0)$ magnetic reflections, we suggest that the Ho $4f$ order resembles an $ac$ cycloid. Using nonresonant diffraction, we show that the magnetically induced polar lattice distortion is unaffected by the Ho ordering, suggesting a mechanism through which the Ho order affects ferroelectric polarization without affecting the lattice in the same manner as the Mn order.
Published: 2020
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37. TetrODrive: An open-source microdrive for combined electrophysiology and optophysiology

Author: Michael T. Lippert, Alisa Vlasenko, Frank W. Ohl, and Marcel Brosch
Subjects: 3d printed, Computer science, Mean squared prediction error, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Optogenetics, 3d printer, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Electrodes, Tetrode (biology), business.industry, Brain, 020601 biomedical engineering, Cell identity, Electrodes, Implanted, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Electrophysiology, Ventral tegmental area, Open source, medicine.anatomical_structure, business, Microelectrodes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Computer hardware, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: Objective. In tetrode recordings, the cell types of the recorded units are difficult to determine based on electrophysiological characteristics alone. Optotagging, the use of optogenetic stimulation to precisely identify cells, is a method to overcome this challenge. However, recording from many different cells requires advancing electrodes and light sources slowly through the brain with a microdrive. Existing designs suffer from a number of drawbacks, such as limited stability and precision, high cost, complex assembly, or excessive size and weight. Approach. We designed TetrODrive as a microdrive that can be 3D printed on an inexpensive desktop resin printer, has minimal parts, assembly time, and cost. The microdrive can be assembled in 15 min and the price for all materials, including the 3D printer, is lower than a single commercial microdrive. To maximize recording stability, we mechanically decoupled the drive mechanism from the electrical and optical connectors. Main results. The developed microdrive is small and light enough (Significance. TetrODrive is a tiny, lightweight, and affordable microdrive for optophysiology in mice. Its open design, price, and built-in characteristics can significantly expand the use of microdrives in mice.
Published: 2020
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38. Li4-xGe1-xPxO4 a potential solid-state electrolyte for all-oxide microbatteries

Author: Elisa Gilardi, T. Lippert, A. Hintennach, Steven D. Lacey, Giuliana Materzanini, Max Döbeli, Daniele Pergolesi, Xi Cheng, Leonid Kahle, and Nicola Marzari
Subjects: pseudopotentials, Materials science, lisicon, li, growth, Oxide, FOS: Physical sciences, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Electrolyte, insights, first-principles molecular dynamics, deposition, Pulsed laser deposition, chemistry.chemical_compound, lithium-ion conduction, Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Thin film, pulsed laser deposition, microbatteries, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, ionic transport, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), temperature, Physics - Applied Physics, stability, Solid state electrolyte, Anode, thin films, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Lithium, films
Abstract: Solid-state electrolytes for Li-ion batteries are attracting growing interest as they allow building safer batteries, also using lithium-metal anodes. Here, we studied a compound in the lithium superionic conductor (LISICON) family, i.e., Li4-xGe1-xPxO4 (LGPO). Thin films were deposited via pulsed laser deposition, and their electrical properties were compared to those of ceramic pellets. A detailed characterization of their microstructures shows that thin films can be deposited fully crystalline at higher temperatures but also partially amorphous at room temperature. The conductivity is not strongly influenced by the presence of grain boundaries, exposure to air, or lithium deficiencies. First-principles molecular dynamics simulations were employed to calculate the lithium-ion diffusion profile and the conductivity at vario temperatures of the ideal LGPO crystal. Simulations give the upper limit of conductivity for a defect-free crystal, which is in the range of 10(-2) S cm(-1) at 300 degrees C. The ease of thin-film fabrication and room-temperature Li-ion conductivity in the range of a few mu S cm(-1) make LGPO very appealing electrolyte material for thin-film all-solid-state all-oxide microbatteries.
Published: 2020

39. Leading hadronic contribution to the muon magnetic moment from lattice QCD

Author: Sz, Borsanyi, Z, Fodor, J N, Guenther, C, Hoelbling, S D, Katz, L, Lellouch, T, Lippert, K, Miura, L, Parato, K K, Szabo, F, Stokes, B C, Toth, Cs, Torok, and L, Varnhorst
Abstract: The standard model of particle physics describes the vast majority of experiments and observations involving elementary particles. Any deviation from its predictions would be a sign of new, fundamental physics. One long-standing discrepancy concerns the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, a measure of the magnetic field surrounding that particle. Standard-model predictions
Published: 2020

40. Precision Measurement of the(e++e−)Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author: M. Aguilar, D. Aisa, B. Alpat, A. Alvino, G. Ambrosi, K. Andeen, L. Arruda, N. Attig, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, M. Battarbee, R. Battiston, J. Bazo, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, G. Bigongiari, V. Bindi, S. Bizzaglia, M. Bizzarri, G. Boella, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, V. Bonnivard, B. Borgia, S. Borsini, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, J. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, S. Caroff, J. Casaus, V. Cascioli, G. Castellini, I. Cernuda, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, H. Chen, G. M. Cheng, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, A. Chikanian, H. Y. Chou, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, B. Coste, M. Crispoltoni, Z. Cui, M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, M. B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, L. Di Masso, F. Dimiccoli, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, F. Donnini, W. J. Du, M. Duranti, D. D’Urso, A. Eline, F. J. Eppling, T. Eronen, Y. Y. Fan, L. Farnesini, J. Feng, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, E. Finch, P. Fisher, Y. Galaktionov, G. Gallucci, B. García, R. García-López, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, M. Gervasi, A. Ghelfi, W. Gillard, F. Giovacchini, P. Goglov, J. Gong, C. Goy, V. Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, C. Guandalini, I. Guerri, K. H. Guo, M. Habiby, S. Haino, K. C. Han, Z. H. He, M. Heil, J. Hoffman, T. H. Hsieh, Z. C. Huang, C. Huh, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, W. Y. Jang, H. Jinchi, K. Kanishev, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th. Kirn, R. Kossakowski, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, M. S. Krafczyk, S. Kunz, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, I. Lazzizzera, A. Lebedev, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Y. Li, Z. H. Li, Z. Y. Li, S. Lim, C. H. Lin, P. Lipari, T. Lippert, D. Liu, H. Liu, T. Lomtadze, M. J. Lu, Y. S. Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, F. Luo, J. Z. Luo, S. S. Lv, R. Majka, A. Malinin, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, D. C. Mo, L. Morescalchi, P. Mott, M. Müller, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, P. Nunes, A. Obermeier, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, F. Palmonari, C. Palomares, M. Paniccia, A. Papi, M. Pauluzzi, E. Pedreschi, S. Pensotti, R. Pereira, F. Pilo, A. Piluso, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, E. Postaci, A. Putze, L. Quadrani, X. M. Qi, T. Räihä, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, J. S. Ricol, I. Rodríguez, S. Rosier-Lees, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Sagdeev, J. Sandweiss, P. Saouter, C. Sbarra, S. Schael, S. M. Schmidt, D. Schuckardt, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, G. Scolieri, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, Y. H. Shan, J. Y. Shi, X. Y. Shi, Y. M. Shi, T. Siedenburg, D. Son, F. Spada, F. Spinella, W. Sun, W. H. Sun, M. Tacconi, C. P. Tang, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, L. Tao, D. Tescaro, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, N. Tomassetti, J. Torsti, C. Türkoğlu, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, C. Vannini, E. Valtonen, S. Vaurynovich, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, L. Q. Wang, Q. L. Wang, R. S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Z. L. Weng, K. Whitman, J. Wienkenhöver, H. Wu, X. Xia, M. Xie, S. Xie, R. Q. Xiong, G. M. Xin, N. S. Xu, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Q. H. Ye, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, S. Zeissler, J. H. Zhang, M. T. Zhang, X. B. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, N. Zimmermann, P. Zuccon, and C. Zurbach
Published: 2014
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41. Author Correction: Increasing neurogenesis refines hippocampal activity rejuvenating navigational learning strategies and contextual memory throughout life

Author: Benedetta Artegiani, Gabriel Berdugo-Vega, Gerd Kempermann, Michael T. Lippert, Federico Calegari, Kentaroh Takagaki, Joanna M. Wasielewska, Chi-Chieh Lee, Gonzalo Arias-Gil, and Adrian López-Fernández
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Science, Neurogenesis, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, Hippocampal formation, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, lcsh:Q, ddc:500, lcsh:Science, Psychology, Contextual memory, Neuroscience
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Published: 2020
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42. Short and Long-term Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Robotic Major Hepatectomy for Malignant Tumors

Author: T.J. Bourdeau, K. Jacob, T. Lippert, Sharona Ross, I. Sucandy, Kenneth Luberice, and Alexander S. Rosemurgy
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatology, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Long term outcomes, medicine, business, Major hepatectomy, Surgery
Published: 2021
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43. Traceable measurements of the electrical parameters of solid-state lighting products

Author: Andreas Elmholdt Christensen, Dongsheng Zhao, T. Lippert, Gert Rietveld, Jean-Pierre Braun, and Frederic Overney
Subjects: Computer science, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Bandwidth (signal processing), General Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Input impedance, law.invention, Reliability engineering, Solid-state lighting, law, Harmonics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Device under test, Measurement uncertainty, Output impedance, Uncertainty analysis
Abstract: In order to perform traceable measurements of the electrical parameters of solid-state lighting (SSL) products, it is necessary to technically adequately define the measurement procedures and to identify the relevant uncertainty sources. The present published written standard for SSL products specifies test conditions, but it lacks an explanation of how adequate these test conditions are. More specifically, both an identification of uncertainty sources and a quantitative uncertainty analysis are absent. This paper fills the related gap in the present written standard. New uncertainty sources with respect to conventional lighting sources are determined and their effects are quantified. It shows that for power measurements, the main uncertainty sources are temperature deviation, power supply voltage distortion, and instability of the SSL product. For current RMS measurements, the influence of bandwidth, shunt resistor, power supply source impedance and ac frequency flatness are significant as well. The measurement uncertainty depends not only on the test equipment but is also a function of the characteristics of the device under test (DUT), for example, current harmonics spectrum and input impedance. Therefore, an online calculation tool is provided to help non-electrical experts. Following our procedures, unrealistic uncertainty estimations, unnecessary procedures and expensive equipment can be prevented.
Published: 2016
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44. Fabrication of MEMS-based 3D-μECoG-MEAs

Author: Bertram Schmidt, Andreas Brose, Kentaroh Takagaki, Martin Deckert, Frank W. Ohl, and Michael T. Lippert
Subjects: Microelectromechanical systems, Fabrication, Materials science, Biomedical Engineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, snr, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, polyimide, microelectrode, 03 medical and health sciences, Microelectrode, 0302 clinical medicine, electrocorticography, SNR, three-dimensional, Medicine, 0210 nano-technology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Polyimide
Abstract: The microfabrication and packaging of novel, three-dimensional, polyimide-based, highly flexible, microscale electrocorticography multi-electrode arrays for enhanced epicortical recording of local field potentials is presented. A polyimide foil embeds metallic structures relating to 32 taper-type electrode sites, contact pads as well as interconnecting conductor paths which are integrated in the planar portion of the electrode substrate material. Circular exposed and, thus, active electrode sites are 50 μm in diameter and employed center-to-center pitches range from 250 μm to 1 mm, respectively. As-fabricated 3D-μECoG-MEAs provide taper heights of approximately 4 μm as well as 59 μm being distinguished by characteristic impedances of about 368.9 kΩ at 1 kHz measured in saline electrolyte. The applied packaging strategies favor flip-chip bonding and vapor phase soldering of the polymer substrates to customized printed circuit boards.
Published: 2016

45. An optically transparent multi-electrode array for combined electrophysiology and optophysiology at the mesoscopic scale

Author: Frank W. Ohl, Theresa Weidner, Martin Deckert, Kentaroh Takagaki, Marcel Brosch, Michael T. Lippert, Bertram Schmidt, and Sanchit Rathi
Subjects: Materials science, Biocompatibility, 0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (printing), law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Electrode array, Electrodes, Mesoscopic physics, Thin layers, business.industry, Graphene, Transparency (human–computer interaction), 020601 biomedical engineering, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Electrophysiology, Optogenetics, Electrode, Optoelectronics, Graphite, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objective A number of tissue penetrating opto-electrodes to simultaneously record and optogenetically influence brain activity have been developed. For experiments at the surface of the brain, such as electrocorticogram (ECoG) recordings and surface optogenetics, fewer devices have been described and no device has found widespread adoption for neuroscientific experiments. One issue slowing adoption is the complexity and fragility of existing devices, typically based on transparent electrode materials like graphene and indium-tin oxide (ITO). We focused here on improving existing processes based on metal traces and polyimide (PI), which produce more robust and cost-effective devices, to develop a multi-electrode array for optophysiology. Approach The most widely used substrate material for surface electrodes, PI, has seen little use for optophysiologicalμECoG/ECoG arrays. This is due to its lack of transparency at optogenetically relevant short wavelengths. Here we use very thin layers of PI in combination with chrome-gold-platinum electrodes to achieve the necessary substrate transparency and high mechanical flexibility in a device that still rejects light artifacts well. Main results The manufactured surface arrays have a thickness of only 6.5 µm, resulting in 80% transparency for blue light. We demonstrate immunity against opto-electric artifacts, long term stability and biocompatibility as well as suitability for optical voltage imaging. The biocompatible arrays are capable of recording stable ECoGs over months without any measurable degradation and can be used to map the tonotopic organization of the curved rodent auditory cortex. Significance Our novel probes combine proven materials and processing steps to create optically near-transparent electrode arrays with superior longevity. In contrast to previous opto-electrodes, our probes are simple to manufacture, robust, offer long-term stability, and are a practical engineering solution for optophysiological experiments not requiring transparency of the electrode sites themselves.
Published: 2020
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46. RF-plasma assisted pulsed laser deposition of nitrogen-doped SrTiO3 thin films

Author: T. Lippert, Max Döbeli, Alexander Wokaun, M. Mallepell, Anke Weidenkaff, D. Logvinovich, I. Marozau, G. Dinescu, and Andrey Shkabko
Subjects: Materials science, Band gap, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, Crystal growth, General Chemistry, Nitrogen, Titanate, Pulsed laser deposition, Crystallinity, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Strontium titanate, General Materials Science, Thin film
Abstract: Applied Physics A, 93 (3), ISSN:0947-8396, ISSN:1432-0630, ISSN:0340-3793
Published: 2018

47. 251 Causes and common features among hairdressers with respiratory symptoms at work

Author: T Lippert, R Seidel, J Hiller, and Hans Drexler
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Positive reaction, Mean age, medicine.disease, Work related, Dermatology, Pulmonary function testing, medicine, Outpatient clinic, Respiratory system, Airway, business, Occupational asthma
Abstract: Introduction Respiratory symptoms at work are common among hairdressers throughout the world. However, their ties to clearly identifiable causes have been less compelling. Among others ammonium persulfate (AP), a common compound of hair dyes, has been reported to cause occupational asthma. But other chemical, allergenic and irritative substances and unfavourable air conditions (damp, dust, fume) are widespread in hairdressing saloons as well, making even the underlying pathomechanisms ill-defined. For a better understanding of work related airway diseases the objective of this study is to describe common features and potential causes in affected hairdressers. Methods Hairdressers with respiratory symptoms at work who were referred to a specialised outpatient clinic between May 2012 and May 2017 were consecutively included in a case series. During presentation various anamnestic data as well as medical examinations including pulmonary function and allergy testing were compiled. Data were analysed using SPSS Statistics. Results Hairdressers comprised 53% (n=105) of the patients referred to our clinic for occupational respiratory diseases. The hairdressers were predominantly female (91.4%) with a mean age of 39.2 (18–70). 15.2% showed a clear positive reaction to AP in the skin prick testing, while another 1,9% had an externally documented positive finding. Conclusion This is to our knowledge the largest examined collective of symptomatic hairdressers and is therefore an important source to identify similarities and possible causes. A classification into four different subgroups can be suggested: 1. Patients with an obstructive airway disease (OAD) and proven AP-sensitisation; 2. Patients with OAD, no AP-sensitisation and no other known extra-professional condition explaining the symptoms; 3. Patients with OAD and a known extra-professional condition; 4. Symptomatic patients without verifiable OAD. Therefore, the cause for the work-related symptoms could not always be entirely clarified but a causal relationship seems likely for group 1 and possible for group 2.
Published: 2018
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48. Optogenetic Intracranial Self-Stimulation as a Method to Study the Plasticity-Inducing Effects of Dopamine

Author: Marta Brocka, Michael T. Lippert, Theresa Weidner, Frank W. Ohl, Kentaroh Takagaki, and Jennifer Tegtmeier
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Dopaminergic, Stimulation, Optogenetics, Biology, Plasticity, Ventral tegmental area, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Dopamine, Brain stimulation, Neuroplasticity, medicine, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Appetitive brain stimulation in the dopaminergic system has been used in neuroscience for decades to research reward processing. The dopamine system is considered the fundamental system underlying reward processing and supports the appetitive effects of most brain stimulation approaches. Only recently, however, has optogenetics allowed cell-type specific stimulation of dopaminergic neurons. Here we describe the background, advantages, and limitations of optogenetic intracranial self-stimulation in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and passive optogenetic stimulation of the VTA as tools to study dopaminergic influences on neural plasticity. Behavioral readout with self-stimulation can serve as a functional control for passive optogenetic stimulation of the dopaminergic system. We provide detailed guidelines for the optogenetic, surgical, and behavioral methods required to perform these experiments successfully. In addition, we discuss caveats associated with applying these methods.
Published: 2018
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49. Contributions of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons to VTA-stimulation induced neurovascular responses in brain reward circuits

Author: Michael T. Lippert, Marta Brocka, Daniel Vincenz, Jürgen Goldschmidt, Thomas Scherf, Dirk Montag, Frank Angenstein, and Cornelia Helbing
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, diagnostic imaging [Ventral Tegmental Area], Dopamine, Stimulation, pharmacology [Dopamine Antagonists], Stereotaxic Techniques, Self Stimulation, 0302 clinical medicine, methods [Magnetic Resonance Imaging], metabolism [Dopamine], Neurons, Behavior, Animal, Dopaminergic, Brain, physiology [Neurons], Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Electrodes, Implanted, Ventral tegmental area, physiology [Behavior, Animal], medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Dopamine receptor, metabolism [Neurons], Brain stimulation reward, Rats, Transgenic, psychological phenomena and processes, medicine.drug, Cognitive Neuroscience, Genetic Vectors, physiology [Neurovascular Coupling], Optogenetics, Nucleus accumbens, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, physiology [Brain], Reward, BOLD, rCBF, medicine, Animals, Rats, Long-Evans, ddc:610, Rats, Wistar, physiology [Dopaminergic Neurons], diagnostic imaging [Brain], physiology [Ventral Tegmental Area], Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Dopaminergic Neurons, Ventral Tegmental Area, metabolism [Ventral Tegmental Area], Electric Stimulation, Rats, 030104 developmental biology, nervous system, metabolism [Brain], Neurovascular Coupling, Dopamine Antagonists, Neuroscience, physiology [Self Stimulation], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Mapping the activity of the human mesolimbic dopamine system by BOLD-fMRI is a tempting approach to non-invasively study the action of the brain reward system during different experimental conditions. However, the contribution of dopamine release to the BOLD signal is disputed. To assign the actual contribution of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic VTA neurons to the formation of BOLD responses in target regions of the mesolimbic system, we used two optogenetic approaches in rats. We either activated VTA dopaminergic neurons selectively, or dopaminergic and mainly glutamatergic projecting neurons together. We further used electrical stimulation to non-selectively activate neurons in the VTA. All three stimulation conditions effectively activated the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and triggered dopamine releases into the NAcc as measured by in vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, both optogenetic stimulation paradigms led to indistinguishable self-stimulation behavior. In contrast to these similarities, however, the BOLD response pattern differed greatly between groups. In general, BOLD responses were weaker and sparser with increasing stimulation specificity for dopaminergic neurons. In addition, repetitive stimulation of the VTA caused a progressive decoupling of dopamine release and BOLD signal strength, and dopamine receptor antagonists were unable to block the BOLD signal elicited by VTA stimulation. To exclude that the sedation during fMRI is the cause of minimal mesolimbic BOLD in response to specific dopaminergic stimulation, we repeated our experiments using CBF SPECT in awake animals. Again, we found activations only for less-specific stimulation. Based on these results we conclude that canonical BOLD responses in the reward system represent mainly the activity of non-dopaminergic neurons. Thus, the minor effects of projecting dopaminergic neurons are concealed by non-dopaminergic activity, a finding which highlights the importance of a careful interpretation of reward-related human fMRI data.
Published: 2018
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50. Polyimide foil flip-chip direct bonding

Author: Kentaroh Takagaki, Martin Deckert, Frank W. Ohl, Jakub Krzemiński, Bertram Schmidt, and Michael T. Lippert
Subjects: Wire bonding, Materials science, Solder paste, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (printing), Direct bonding, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Soldering, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Polyimide, FOIL method, Flip chip
Abstract: Recent developments in the field of neuroprosthetics have created a demand for cost-effective advanced bonding techniques to mount polymer-based, thin-film, multi-electrode arrays onto PCBs. Low thicknesses of polymer substrates present challenges for common packaging technologies. Here we implemented a cost-effective direct bonding process of polyimide thin-film electrode arrays using vapor phase soldering. Our polymer foil is composed of PI-2611 and contains embedded gold/platinum/chromium traces. Contact pads are platinum coated and no under bump metallization is required. Instead of using wire bonding techniques, the contact pads are flip-chip bonded directly onto the PCB using a lead free solder paste. Transfer of the foil is carried out by vacuum placement. Soldering is subsequently performed in a vapor phase soldering oven. In contrast to wire bonding on flexible substrate materials, vapor phase soldering results in enhanced contact yield of approximately 99%. The landing area of the thin-film electrode, containing the soldered contact pads, is then passivated with a low-shrinkage epoxy in a pin-transfer process. Using such a low-shrinkage material is paramount to achieve sufficient long-term stability of the solder connections and to stabilize the thin polyimide substrate.
Published: 2017
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