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1. Deuterium retention in displacement-damaged tungsten-rhenium alloys: Influence of rhenium concentration and irradiation temperature

Author: M. Zibrov, A. Cintora, T. Schwarz-Selinger, K. Hunger, M. Mayer, and N.P. Bobyr
Subjects: Tungsten, Rhenium, Radiation defects, Ion irradiation, Deuterium retention, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: Tungsten (W) samples containing 0, 1, 3, and 5 at.% rhenium (Re) were irradiated by 20 MeV W ions to 0.5 dpa at 290 K and to 0.3 dpa at 1350 K. An additional set of samples was irradiated to 0.5 dpa at 290 K and then annealed at 1350 K. The irradiated samples were exposed to a deuterium (D) plasma at 370 K. D concentration profiles in the samples were measured using D(He3,p)α nuclear reaction analysis. The D binding states in the defects were analysed using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). In the case of irradiation at 290 K, the trapped D concentration monotonically increases with increasing Re concentration: in W-5%Re it is 17% higher than in pure W. On the contrary, for irradiation at 1350 K the trapped D concentration monotonically decreases with increasing Re concentration: in W-5%Re it is 50 times smaller than in pure W. In the case of annealing at 1350 K of the samples irradiated at 290 K, the Re presence yields only up to three times reduction of trapped D concentration compared with pure W. TDS shows that the nature of D trapping sites is different for the irradiations at 290 K and 1350 K. We attribute the reduced D trapping in W-Re alloys irradiated at 1350 K to the reduction of cavity growth caused by the presence of Re.
Published: 2024
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2. First study of the location of deuterium in displacement-damaged tungsten by nuclear reaction analysis in channeling configuration

Author: S. Markelj, E. Punzón-Quijorna, M. Kelemen, T. Schwarz-Selinger, R. Heller, X. Jin, F. Djurabekova, E. Lu, and J. Predrag
Subjects: Tungsten, Defects, Deuterium, Channeling, RBS-C, NRA-C, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA-C) together with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS-C), both in a channeling configuration were used to study the location of deuterium (D) in irradiation-induced defects in tungsten (W) using a 3He probe beam. The defects were created by W ion irradiation at two different damage doses of 0.02 and 0.2 dpa and two temperatures of 290 K and 800 K. Angular scans over the 〈100〉 axial channel showed that for both 800 K irradiated samples the NRA yield peaks in the centre of the channel, where the RBS is at its minimum. For the room-temperature-irradiated samples this is only true for the low dose. For the high dose sample hardly any peak is observed. 2D channeling maps were recorded for the samples damaged to 0.02 dpa at 290 K and 0.2 dpa at 800 K. They show in addition to the maximum D signal in the 〈100〉 axial channel increased intensity in a (110) planar channel where the RBS intensities are low. The software algorithm RBSADEC was used to investigate the location of the D in the lattice. A first comparison of simulation and experiment suggests that D is located close to tetrahedral sites.
Published: 2024
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3. Annealing of hydrogen trap sites in displacement-damaged EUROFER

Author: A. Theodorou, K. Schmid, and T. Schwarz-Selinger
Subjects: EUROFER, Displacement-damage, Deuterium retention, Trap sites annealing, NRA, TDS, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: For future fusion power plants, the reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel EUROFER is considered to be the primary choice as a structural material for plasma facing components (PFC) of the first wall, such as the blanket modules. Its exposure to high energy fusion neutrons will lead to creation of radiation-induced defects, which could act as trapping sites for hydrogen isotopes (HI) and consequently, strongly affect HI diffusion and retention. For predictive simulations of HI retention, the concentration of these trap sites needs to be known as a function of the temperature. In this work, EUROFER samples are irradiated by 20 MeV W-ions at 290 K to create displacement damage. Subsequently, they are exposed to deuterium (D) plasma at 370 K to decorate the created defects. Partial thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) is conducted in 50 K steps up to 620 K. D depth profiles are determined by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) after each partial-TDS step. Following this analysis, the defects are again decorated with D and the D depth profiles are measured again by NRA to monitor the evolution of the concentration of trap sites. Most of the D is lost already at 470 K due to thermal de-trapping. Full recovery of the displacement damage is reached at 620 K.
Published: 2024
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4. Deuterium retention and transport in ion-irradiated tungsten exposed to deuterium atoms: Role of grain boundaries

Author: S. Markelj, J. Zavašnik, A. Šestan, T. Schwarz-Selinger, M. Kelemen, E. Punzón-Quijorna, G. Alberti, M. Passoni, and D. Dellasega
Subjects: D atoms, Grain boundaries, Transport, Displacement damage, Retention, Tungsten, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: The influence of grain boundaries on deuterium (D) retention and transport was investigated in nanocrystalline tungsten (W) by exposing the samples to sub eV D atoms. Thin tungsten films with nanometer-sized grains were produced by pulsed laser deposition on tungsten substrates. Their grain size was increased up to one micrometer by thermal annealing in vacuum up to 1223 K. Irradiation damage was created by 20 MeV W ions at 290 K. The transmission electron microscopy analysis showed one order of magnitude larger dislocation density in nanometer-grained samples compared with the larger-grained samples. The samples were after W irradiation exposed to 0.3 eV D atoms at 600 K. D retention and D depth profiles were measured by nuclear reaction analysis. In the as-deposited nanometer-grained samples, D populated the damaged region more than three times faster than in the samples with larger grains, indicating that grain-boundaries increase D transport through the material. The concentration of defects was assessed by the final D concentration in the samples. The sample with the smallest grain size showed slightly larger D concentration in the irradiated area, but the difference in the D concentration was not substantial between different-grained samples. A large D concentration in the non-irradiated nanometer-grained sample was measured which is an indication for a high defect density in the initial material. From our observations, it can be postulated that the nanocrystalline microstructure did not substantially influence the generation of irradiation-induced defects by defect annihilation at grain boundaries.
Published: 2024
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5. The effect of nanocrystalline microstructure on deuterium transport in displacement damaged tungsten

Author: S. Markelj, T. Schwarz-Selinger, M. Kelemen, E. Punzón-Quijorna, J. Zavašnik, A. Šestan, D. Dellasega, G. Alberti, and M. Passoni
Subjects: Grain boundaries, Deuterium, Tungsten, Transport, Displacement damage, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: The influence of grain boundaries (GBs) on the deuterium (D) transport and the creation of defects in nanocrystalline tungsten (W) films deposited on a W substrate was studied. Samples with three different grain sizes were produced for this purpose: a sample with a film having nanometer-size grains, a sample with hundred nanometer-grained film and a sample with micrometer-grained film. Samples were irradiated by 20 MeV W ions at 300 K to create displacement damage and exposed to 300 eV D ions at 450 K to populate the created and any pre-existing defects. The D transport and retention was assessed by measuring D depth profiles after certain exposure times by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) using a 3He ion beam. From the final D concentration in the damaged area we could determine the concentration of defects that trap hydrogen, showing that the sample with the smallest grain size had the highest D concentration and it decreases with the increase of the grain size. Therefore, in nanocrystalline tungsten irradiated at 300 K, GBs do not improve radiation resistance, which would lead to fewer defects. For the first time, we show experimentally, that D transport is faster inside the nanometer-grained sample as compared to the micrometer-grained sample, meaning that D atoms have enhanced bulk diffusion along GBs. Accidentally, the film thickness was so thin that the W irradiation reached the interface between the W film and substrate, where NRA showed enhanced retention of oxygen. At that depth, two times higher D concentration was observed compared to D concentration in the damaged area in the middle of the film indicating on defect stabilization due to the presence of oxygen.
Published: 2023
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6. Effects of supplemental oxytocin or prostaglandin F2α analogue in extended boar semen on piglet productivity of gilts and sows artificially inseminated in summer

Author: T. Schwarz, P. Jaros, R. Tuz, J. Nowicki, S. St. Jules, M. Małopolska, M. Sharan, and P. M. Bartlewski
Subjects: pig, oxytocin, prostaglandin, artificial insemination, summer, свині, окситоцин, простагландин, штучне осіменіння, літо, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract: We determined the effects of oxytocin (OT) and prostaglandin F2α analogue (PG) added to extended boar semen on the duration of artificial insemination (AI) and reproductive performance of pigs bred in July and August (temperate climate of Central Europe). Eighty gilts and second parity sows (G+SP) and sixty-four multiparous sows (M) were divided into three groups. Group OT (11 G+SP and 37 M) and group PG (20 G+SP and 28 M) were artificially inseminated twice (at the onset of estrus and 22–24 h later) using extended semen supplemented with 20 IU of OT or 5 mg of PG, respectively. Thirty-three G+SP and 15 M served as controls (C) inseminated with non-supplemented semen. The mean duration of the first AI was shorter (P
Published: 2023
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7. Developmental changes in tibia and humerus of goose: morphometric, densitometric, and mechanical analysis

Author: C. Osiak-Wicha, E. Tomaszewska, S. Muszyński, P. Dobrowolski, K. Andres, T. Schwarz, M. Świetlicki, M. Mielnik-Błaszczak, and M.B. Arciszewski
Subjects: Biomechanics, Long bones, Ontogeny, Skeletal adaptation, Waterfowl, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract: The skeletal system of young animals undergoes a series of intensive and rapid changes. In this study, we aimed to verify the hypothesis that geese exhibit a distinct pattern of bone growth compared to gallinaceous species. Specifically, we hypothesised that geese would experience an accelerated growth rate in the humerus bone, which can be attributed to the increased wing mobility facilitated by their rearing in free-range systems. This need for access to both ground and water environments contributes to the unique demands placed on their skeletal development. We focused on evaluating the mechanical properties and geometry of the humerus as the forelimb bone, and the tibia as the hindlimb bone. The 320 geese used in this study were divided into 12 groups according to sex (females and males) and age (0-,1-,3-,6-,8-,12-,14-week-old). To assess bone mechanical properties, a three-point bending test was performed, along with densitometry and morphological measurements. The tibiae of the geese showed the most intensive growth until 6 weeks of age and then stabilised. The wing bones (humerus) showed only slight changes in the first weeks after hatching, and then a rapid growth between the third and sixth week, both in terms of mechanical and morphological properties. This is most likely due to a change in the geese's living environment during this period, i.e., allowing them to leave their enclosures and enter open space, which gives them the opportunity to use their wings, resulting in the rapid growth of the wing bones to support increasing muscle mass in this area. This study increases our understanding of bone growth and development in domesticated birds, specifically waterfowl species, and highlights the importance of rearing methods on the proper bone development and functionality of the entire skeletal system, and thus, on their welfare.
Published: 2023
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8. Modeling intrinsic- and displacement-damage-driven retention in EUROFER

Author: K. Schmid, T. Schwarz-Selinger, and A. Theodorou
Subjects: Hydrogen, Retention, EUROFER, Displacement-damage, Diffusion-trapping- modeling, Surface-limits, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: The reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel EUROFER is one of the foreseen structural materials for future fusion reactors. The exposure to energetic fusion neutrons will generate displacement damage in the steel which can act as trapping sites for hydrogen isotopes (HIs). For predictive simulations of HI retention the concentration of the trap sites and HI trap binding energies are needed. In this work the input parameters for rate equation modeling of HI transport in displacement-damaged EUROFER are determined by fitting recently obtained thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) data. During these simultaneous fits of all TDS data the input parameters were constrained as much as possible by using literature data and measured HI concentration depth profiles. A comparison of gas phase loading at low pressures with literature data on solubility suggested the presence of a surface limit for D uptake from the gas phase. However, while modeling plasma loading with energetic particles this surface limit results in an overestimation of the D uptake. The only way to reconcile the lack of D loading from the gas-phase at low pressures and match the measured uptake of D during plasma loading, was to introduce a removal process for chemisorbed D from the surface by the energetic particle impact from the plasma. With this surface model and the fitted trapping parameters it is possible to simulate the measured TDS data and the observed lack of gas loading at low pressures. The so configured rate equation model can now be used for prediction of D transport and retention in EUROFER.
Published: 2023
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9. Overview of ASDEX upgrade results in view of ITER and DEMO

Author: H. Zohm, E. Alessi, C. Angioni, N. Arden, V. Artigues, M. Astrain, O. Asunta, M. Balden, V. Bandaru, A. Banon Navarro, M. Bauer, A. Bergmann, M. Bergmann, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, A. Biancalani, R. Bielajew, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, T. Blanken, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, L. Bock, T. Body, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, A. Bortolon, B. Böswirth, C. Bottereau, A. Bottino, H. van den Brand, M. Brenzke, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, J. Buchanan, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, Y. Camenen, B. Cannas, P. Cano Megías, D. Carlton, M. Carr, P. Carvalho, C. Castaldo, A. Castillo Castillo, A. Cathey, M. Cavedon, C. Cazzaniga, C. Challis, A. Chankin, A. Chomiczewska, C. Cianfarani, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Conway, S. Costea, D. Coster, T. Cote, A.J. Creely, G. Croci, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, I. Cziegler, O. D’Arcangelo, A. Dal Molin, P. David, C. Day, M. de Baar, P. de Marné, R. Delogu, P. Denner, A. Di Siena, M. Dibon, J.J. Dominguez-Palacios Durán, D. Dunai, M. Dreval, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, S. Elgeti, A. Encheva, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, D. Fajardo Jimenez, U. Fantz, M. Farnik, H. Faugel, F. Felici, O. Ficker, A. Figueredo, R. Fischer, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, M. Fröschle, G. Fuchert, J.C. Fuchs, H. Fünfgelder, S. Futatani, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, D. Gallart Escolà, A. Gallo, Y. Gao, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia Muñoz, B. Geiger, L. Giannone, S. Gibson, L. Gil, E. Giovannozzi, I. Girka, O. Girka, T. Gleiter, S. Glöggler, M. Gobbin, J.C. Gonzalez, J. Gonzalez Martin, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, T. Görler, D. Gradic, G. Granucci, A. Gräter, G. Grenfell, H. Greuner, M. Griener, M. Groth, O. Grover, A. Gude, L. Guimarais, S. Günter, D. Hachmeister, A.H. Hakola, C. Ham, T. Happel, N. den Harder, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, V. Hauer, T. Hayward-Schneider, B. Heinemann, P. Heinrich, T. Hellsten, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, M. Herschel, S. Heuraux, A. Herrmann, E. Heyn, F. Hitzler, J. Hobirk, K. Höfler, S. Hörmann, J.H. Holm, M. Hölzl, C. Hopf, L. Horvath, T. Höschen, A. Houben, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, K. Hunger, V. Igochine, M. Iliasova, J. Illerhaus, K. Insulander Björk, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova-Stanik, S. Jachmich, W. Jacob, N. Jaksic, A. Jansen van Vuuren, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, E. Joffrin, A. Kallenbach, J. Kalis, A. Kappatou, J. Karhunen, C.-P. Käsemann, S. Kasilov, Y. Kazakov, A. Kendl, W. Kernbichler, E. Khilkevitch, M. Kircher, A. Kirk, S. Kjer Hansen, V. Klevarova, F. Klossek, G. Kocsis, M. Koleva, M. Komm, M. Kong, A. Krämer-Flecken, M. Krause, I. Krebs, A. Kreuzeder, K. Krieger, O. Kudlacek, D. Kulla, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, B. Labit, K. Lackner, F. Laggner, A. Lahtinen, P. Lainer, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, M. Lehnen, L. Leppin, E. Lerche, N. Leuthold, L. Li, J. Likonen, O. Linder, H. Lindl, B. Lipschultz, Y. Liu, Z. Lu, T. Luda Di Cortemiglia, N.C. Luhmann, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, T. Maceina, J. Madsen, A. Magnanimo, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, O. Maj, E. Maljaars, V. Maquet, A. Mancini, A. Manhard, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, P. Manz, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, M. Markl, L. Marrelli, P. Martin, F. Matos, M. Mayer, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, G. Meng, R. Merkel, A. Merle, H. Meyer, M. Michelini, D. Milanesio, V. Mitterauer, P. Molina Cabrera, M. Muraca, F. Nabais, V. Naulin, R. Nazikian, R.D. Nem, R. Neu, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, T. Nishizawa, M. Nocente, I. Novikau, S. Nowak, R. Ochoukov, J. Olsen, P. Oyola, O. Pan, G. Papp, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, C. Paz-Soldan, M. Peglau, E. Peluso, P. Petersson, C. Piron, U. Plank, B. Plaum, B. Plöckl, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, E. Poli, A. Popa, L. Porte, J. Puchmayr, T. Pütterich, L. Radovanovic, M. Ramisch, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raupp, A. Redl, D. Réfy, M. Reich, F. Reimold, D. Reiser, M. Reisner, D. Reiter, B. Rettino, T. Ribeiro, D. Ricci, R. Riedl, J. Riesch, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, G. Rocchi, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, V. Rohde, G. Ronchi, M. Rott, M. Rubel, D.A. Ryan, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, O. Samoylov, L. Sanchis Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, G. Schall, A. Schlüter, J. Scholte, K. Schmid, O. Schmitz, P.A. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, C. Schuster, N. Schwarz, T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Schweinzer, F. Sciortino, O. Seibold-Benjak, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, S. Sharapov, U. Sheikh, A. Shevelev, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, J. Simpson, S. Sipilä, A. Snicker, E. Solano, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, M. Spacek, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, A. Stegmeir, M. Stejner, D. Stieglitz, J. Stober, U. Stroth, E. Strumberger, G. Suarez Lopez, W. Suttrop, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, W. Tang, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Terranova, M. Teschke, E. Thorén, W. Tierens, D. Told, W. Treutterer, G. Trevisan, M. Tripský, P. Ulbl, G. Urbanczyk, M. Usoltseva, M. Valisa, M. Valovic, S. van Mulders, M. van Zeeland, F. Vannini, B. Vanovac, P. Varela, S. Varoutis, T. Verdier, G. Verdoolaege, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, I. Voitsekhovitch, U. von Toussaint, D. Wagner, X. Wang, M. Weiland, D. Wendler, A.E. White, M. Willensdorfer, B. Wiringer, M. Wischmeier, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, Q. Yang, C. Yoo, Q. Yu, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, T. Zehetbauer, W. Zhang, W. Zholobenko, A. Zibrov, M. Zilker, C.F.B. Zimmermann, A. Zito, S. Zoletnik, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team, and the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: tokamak, MHD stability, transport modelling, radiative exhaust, disruption physics, ELM free scenarios, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Experiments on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) in 2021 and 2022 have addressed a number of critical issues for ITER and EU DEMO. A major objective of the AUG programme is to shed light on the underlying physics of confinement, stability, and plasma exhaust in order to allow reliable extrapolation of results obtained on present day machines to these reactor-grade devices. Concerning pedestal physics, the mitigation of edge localised modes (ELMs) using resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) was found to be consistent with a reduction of the linear peeling-ballooning stability threshold due to the helical deformation of the plasma. Conversely, ELM suppression by RMPs is ascribed to an increased pedestal transport that keeps the plasma away from this boundary. Candidates for this increased transport are locally enhanced turbulence and a locked magnetic island in the pedestal. The enhanced D-alpha (EDA) and quasi-continuous exhaust (QCE) regimes have been established as promising ELM-free scenarios. Here, the pressure gradient at the foot of the H-mode pedestal is reduced by a quasi-coherent mode, consistent with violation of the high-n ballooning mode stability limit there. This is suggestive that the EDA and QCE regimes have a common underlying physics origin. In the area of transport physics, full radius models for both L- and H-modes have been developed. These models predict energy confinement in AUG better than the commonly used global scaling laws, representing a large step towards the goal of predictive capability. A new momentum transport analysis framework has been developed that provides access to the intrinsic torque in the plasma core. In the field of exhaust, the X-Point Radiator (XPR), a cold and dense plasma region on closed flux surfaces close to the X-point, was described by an analytical model that provides an understanding of its formation as well as its stability, i.e., the conditions under which it transitions into a deleterious MARFE with the potential to result in a disruptive termination. With the XPR close to the divertor target, a new detached divertor concept, the compact radiative divertor, was developed. Here, the exhaust power is radiated before reaching the target, allowing close proximity of the X-point to the target. No limitations by the shallow field line angle due to the large flux expansion were observed, and sufficient compression of neutral density was demonstrated. With respect to the pumping of non-recycling impurities, the divertor enrichment was found to mainly depend on the ionisation energy of the impurity under consideration. In the area of MHD physics, analysis of the hot plasma core motion in sawtooth crashes showed good agreement with nonlinear 2-fluid simulations. This indicates that the fast reconnection observed in these events is adequately described including the pressure gradient and the electron inertia in the parallel Ohm’s law. Concerning disruption physics, a shattered pellet injection system was installed in collaboration with the ITER International Organisation. Thanks to the ability to vary the shard size distribution independently of the injection velocity, as well as its impurity admixture, it was possible to tailor the current quench rate, which is an important requirement for future large devices such as ITER. Progress was also made modelling the force reduction of VDEs induced by massive gas injection on AUG. The H-mode density limit was characterised in terms of safe operational space with a newly developed active feedback control method that allowed the stability boundary to be probed several times within a single discharge without inducing a disruptive termination. Regarding integrated operation scenarios, the role of density peaking in the confinement of the ITER baseline scenario (high plasma current) was clarified. The usual energy confinement scaling ITER98( p,y ) does not capture this effect, but the more recent H20 scaling does, highlighting again the importance of developing adequate physics based models. Advanced tokamak scenarios, aiming at large non-inductive current fraction due to non-standard profiles of the safety factor in combination with high normalised plasma pressure were studied with a focus on their access conditions. A method to guide the approach of the targeted safety factor profiles was developed, and the conditions for achieving good confinement were clarified. Based on this, two types of advanced scenarios (‘hybrid’ and ‘elevated’ q -profile) were established on AUG and characterised concerning their plasma performance.
Published: 2024
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10. Reply to Comment on ‘Deuterium supersaturated surface layer in tungsten: ion energy dependence’

Author: D. Nishijima, M. Tokitani, D. Nagata, T. Schwarz-Selinger, A. Založnik, F. Chang, R.P. Doerner, M.I. Patino, M.J. Simmonds, M.J. Baldwin, and G.R. Tynan
Subjects: deuterium supersaturated surface layer, tungsten, nanobubbles, FIB, TEM, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: We reply to the comment by Li et al (submitted to Nucl. Fusion with this response) on our recent paper Nishijima et al (2023 Nucl. Fusion 63 126003). In this response, we address the existence of an incident ion energy, E _i , threshold for the deuterium (D) supersaturated surface layer (DSSL) formation with a newly conducted D plasma exposure experiment at E _i ∼ 20 eV. It is also further demonstrated, based on new experiments where the ion flux, fluence, and sample temperature are scanned, that non-kinetic (ballistic) processes play a role in the DSSL formation and growth. In addition, the effect of impurities in our plasma is discussed also with a new analysis of the surface composition made after a D plasma exposure.
Published: 2024
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11. Implications of T loss in first wall armor and structural materials on T-self-sufficiency in future burning fusion devices

Author: K. Schmid, T. Schwarz-Selinger, R. Arredondo, A. Theodorou, and T. Pomella Lobo
Subjects: T-self-sufficiency, tungsten, EUROFER, diffusion-trapping modeling, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Future fusion reactors will have to breed enough tritium (T) to sustain continuous operation and to produce excess T to power up other fusion reactors. Therefore, T is a scarce resource that must not be lost inside the fusion power plants systems. The factor that describes the T production is the ‘tritium breeding ratio’ (TBR) which is the ratio of the breading rate in atoms per second to the burn rate in atoms per second. Its value is calculated from neutronics analyses of the breeding process in the blanket and coupled dynamics of the T processing plant. However, these calculations generally ignore the T transport and loss in the first wall by assuming essentially instantaneous recycling of the impinging T in-flux. In this paper the transport and retention of T in the main chamber first wall of a future EU-DEMO reactor is investigated based on the available material data and expected particle loads onto the wall. Two breeding blanket concepts are compared WCLL (water cooled lithium lead) and HCPB (helium cooled pebble bed) and the resulting wall-loss probabilities are compared with a simple balance model that describes the maximum allowable wall loss given a TBR to achieve T-self-sufficiency.
Published: 2024
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12. The influence of displacement damage on helium uptake and retention in tungsten

Author: A. Kärcher, T. Schwarz-Selinger, V.V. Burwitz, L. Mathes, C. Hugenschmidt, and W. Jacob
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: The influence of pre-existing displacement damage on the early stages of helium (He) interaction with tungsten (W) and the resulting defect creation was investigated experimentally. Samples were irradiated with 20.3 MeV W ions to different damage levels of 0.004, 0.01 and 0.1 displacements per atom (dpa). Displacement-damaged and undamaged W samples were exposed to a He plasma at room temperature at He fluxes of 1.2–1.8 × 1018 He/m2s to fluences of up to 1022 He/m2. He ion energy of 100 eV was used to remain well below the threshold for displacement damage creation in the bulk. Elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) shows that the He retention in the damaged samples is up to one order of magnitude larger than in the undamaged sample. Compared with the W samples exposed to He with energies of 300 – 500 eV in literature, the data in this study shows substantially lower He retention. Detailed He depth distributions were derived by stepwise removal of thin surface layers (via anodic oxidation and dissolution of the oxide) and subsequent ERDA measurements of the remaining He content. Pre-damaged samples show a significantly faster decrease in He concentration with depth than the undamaged sample, indicating that He is efficiently stopped by pre-existing defects from diffusing into deeper regions beyond 34 nm. The undamaged sample exhibits a lower He concentration in the near surface region and a flatter distribution of He up to a depth of 100 nm. The characterization of samples before and after He plasma exposure by Doppler broadening spectroscopy of the positron annihilation line (DBS) gives no indication for self-trapping or trap-mutation in both the pre-damaged and the undamaged samples. From the clear influence of the initial displacement damage level on the He uptake and retention we conclude that He self-trapping mechanisms have a negligible, if any, effect on the He diffusion depth in W at fluxes of 1.2–1.8 × 1018 He/m2s.
Published: 2023
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13. Electron screening in palladium

Author: A. Cvetinović, D. Đeorđić, G.L. Guardo, M. Kelemen, M. La Cognata, L. Lamia, S. Markelj, U. Mikac, R.G. Pizzone, T. Schwarz-Selinger, I. Tišma, M. Vencelj, J. Vesić, and M. Lipoglavšek
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The electron screening effect was studied in the 1H(7Li,α)4He, 1H(19F,αγ)16O and 2H(19F,p)20F nuclear reactions on two different hydrogen-containing palladium foils. In one of the targets we did not detect a large enhancement of the cross section due to electron screening, and in the second one we measured a high electron screening potential for all three reactions, up to an order of magnitude above the theoretical models. Contrary to the predictions given by the available theories, the data suggest that the reason behind this difference is linked to a dependence of the electron screening potential on the host's crystal lattice structure and the location of the target nuclei in the metallic lattice.
Published: 2023
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14. Influence of hydrogen isotopes on displacement damage formation in EUROFER

Author: K. Schmid, T. Schwarz-Selinger, and R. Arredondo
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: The reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel EUROFER is one of the foreseen structural materials for future fusion reactors. The exposure to energetic fusion neutrons will generate displacement damage in the steel which acts as trapping sites for hydrogen isotopes (HIs). For predictive simulations of HI retention the concentration of the trap sites and HI trap-binding energies are needed. In this work the potential influence of HIs present during displacement damage on the resulting trap site concentration is investigated. EUROFER samples are exposed to multiple sequences of displacement damage by MeV W-ions and subsequent loading by D-ions from a low temperature plasma. After each of these damage/loading sequences the D depth profile in the surfaces is measured by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) using a 3He beam. These depth profiles show a clear increase in the trap site concentration when the displacement damaging step is performed on a sample already containing trapped D. The presence of 3He in analysis spots from previous NRA-depth profiling also results in a strong increase of local retention due to traps formed by the implanted 3He. Thermal desorption spectra show that in EUROFER retention is dominated by the bulk, even in the presence of displacement damage in the near surface. These results suggest that the presence of D and He in EUROFER will result in increased retention compared to pure EUROFER under displacement damage.
Published: 2023
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15. Temperature dependent study of helium retention in tungsten fuzz surfaces

Author: M.I. Patino, R.P. Doerner, T. Schwarz-Selinger, M.J. Baldwin, and G.R. Tynan
Subjects: Helium retention, Tungsten, Fuzz, Plasma-material interactions, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: A temperature dependent study was performed on the helium retention in tungsten fuzz layers, in an attempt to provide further insight into the fuzz formation process and its relationship to the amount of trapped helium. Fuzz layers with thicknesses of 1.0 or 1.7μm were initially formed with pure 4He plasma at 1100 K, then sequentially exposed to a mixed 3He-4He plasma at a range of sample temperatures (i.e., 316–1053 K). 3He retained in the fuzzy layer and in the bulk substrate after plasma exposure was measured by nuclear reaction analysis, and the total (3He＋4He) retention due to the sequential exposure was inferred from the 3He plasma concentration. Helium retention in the fuzz layer was found to be approximately independent of sample temperature. Below 1053 K, helium retention in the bulk remained at 1–10×1019m−2, similar to saturated values previously measured in smooth tungsten, suggesting sufficient helium reaching the bulk. At 1053 K, a more than an order of magnitude increase in helium retention in the bulk was observed. Its occurrence near the fuzz formation temperature threshold suggests that fuzz growth is correlated with the enhanced helium concentration in the bulk.
Published: 2023
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16. Lack of Efect of Short-term Lupin Grain Feeding on Ovulation Rate in Non-prolific Polish Mountain Ewes during the Breeding Season: Ultrasonographic and Endoscopic Assessment of Ovarian Activity

Author: M. Murawski, T. Schwarz, V. Erak, J. Sohal, B. Ahmadi, R. T. Kridli, and P. M. Bartlewski
Subjects: sheep, ovulation rate, lupin grain, flushing, ultrasonography, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract: The specific changes in antral follicle numbers and wave-like development have remained unrevealed in cyclic ewes fed high-protein, high-energy lupin grain for 6 days during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle (i.e., short-term nutritional flushing). This study was mainly conducted to determine ovarian effects of the 6-day lupin grain feeding in non-prolific Polish Mountain ewes, using transrectal ovarian ultrasonography and abdominal videoendoscopy. Estrus and ovulations were synchronized in 24 ewes with progestin-releasing intravaginal sponges for 12 days during the middle portion of the breeding season (September-October; 50.0458°N, 19.8406°E). Twenty-four ewes were assigned to three equal groups (n=8 each), including the Control group being fed the maintenance diet (i.e., hay-only), Treatment 1 receiving 500 g of lupin grain once a day, and Treatment 2 receiving 250 g of lupin grain twice a day, from days 9-14 of the synchronized estrous cycle (day 0=first ovulation of the interovulatory period studied). No differences were observed in the mean ovulation rate among the three groups of Polish Mountain ewes (P>0.05). Ovarian antral follicles emerging in the penultimate wave of the estrous cycle in Treatment 2 ewes had a longer growth phase (P
Published: 2021
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17. Irradiation effects in tungsten—From surface effects to bulk mechanical properties

Author: J. Riesch, A. Feichtmayer, J.W. Coenen, B. Curzadd, H. Gietl, T. Höschen, A. Manhard, T. Schwarz-Selinger, and R. Neu
Subjects: Tungsten, Wire, Ion irradiation, Tensile test, Embrittlement, Ductility, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: Advanced materials such as tungsten fibre-reinforced composites allow to overcome severe weaknesses of the baseline materials for plasma-facing components — copper and tungsten. The effect of the fusion environment on the mechanical properties of these materials, e.g. the embrittlement by neutron irradiation, plays a key role for the development of future fusion reactors. To simulate this effect, high-energy ions are used as a substitute for the displacement damage by neutrons. We propose the use of very fine tungsten wire as a possibility of studying the influence of irradiation damage on the mechanical properties. This is possible as they allow full-depth irradiation of almost the entire volume despite the limited penetration depth of ions. Geometrical size effects are mitigated due to the nanoscale microstructure of the wire. In addition, similar wire is used in tungsten fibre-reinforced composites. Thus, the investigation of irradiated wire can directly be used for the prediction of the bulk composite properties. For the proof of this concept tungsten wire with a diameter of 16 μm was electrochemically thinned to 5 μm and irradiated with 20.5 MeV W6+ions. The mechanical properties were subsequently determined by macroscopic tensile testing. Irradiation to 0.3, 1 and 9 dpa did not lead to a change of the mechanical behaviour. Both strength and ductility, the latter indicated by the reduction of area, were similar to the as-fabricated state.
Published: 2022
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18. Comparison experiment on the sputtering of EUROFER, RUSFER and CLAM steels by deuterium ions

Author: R. Arredondo, M. Balden, T. Schwarz-Selinger, T. Höschen, T. Dürbeck, K. Hunger, K. Schlueter, A. Golubeva, P. Wang, D. Terentyev, and W. Jacob
Subjects: Sputtering, RAFM, EUROFER, RUSFER, CLAM, Roughness, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: In this work, the RAFM steels EUROFER, RUSFER and CLAM, along with a reference pure Fe sample, were all exposed to the same source of deuterium and analyzed using the same techniques, allowing a direct comparison of the experimental results. A 200 eV/D mass-selected deuterium ion beam at the SIESTA facility was used to bombard the samples to a fluence of 5 × 1024 D m−2 at 450 K. The surface morphology of the samples was investigated with Scanning Electron Microscopy. The sputter yield of the samples was determined by weight-loss measurements and confirmed by measurements of the eroded depth. The near-surface enrichment of W and Ta was investigated via Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry. Grain-orientation-dependent sputtering was studied with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Electron Backscatter Diffraction. Lastly, Nuclear Reaction Analysis and Thermal Desorption Spectrometry were employed to analyze deuterium retention in all the samples. The erosion behavior of all three steels under deuterium bombardment was confirmed to be similar. The measured sputter yield was comparable for all three steels, and significantly lower than that of pure Fe. Likewise, all steels develop a needle-like surface morphology under the given exposure conditions and a W- and Ta-enriched layer in the range of few nanometers, while the Fe sample remained smooth. Retained deuterium amounts were also comparable among the steel samples, and were overall larger than the retention measured for the pure Fe sample.
Published: 2022
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19. Influence of thin surface oxide films on hydrogen isotope release from ion-irradiated tungsten

Author: K. Kremer, M. Brucker, W. Jacob, and T. Schwarz-Selinger
Subjects: Hydrogen Isotope retention, Tungsten oxide, TDS, NRA, Hydrogen isotope release, Deuterium release, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: We studied the influence of thin, electro-chemically grown tungsten (W) surface oxide films on hydrogen isotope release from W. As deuterium (D) reservoir underneath the oxide, we used a defect-rich, ion-irradiated W layer that was filled with D prior to oxidation. Several oxide films with thicknesses between 5 and 100 nm were studied and compared with tungsten with a natural oxide film. The release of D through the oxide film was analyzed with thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The depth-resolved concentration profiles of D in the sample were measured with nuclear reaction analysis at all experimental steps. Changes of the morphology of the oxide film due to the release of D were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).In TDS studies, we found that the thin oxide films significantly influence the release behavior of D from W. The first D release peak (at 560 K) is shifted towards higher temperature (or later times) with increasing oxide thickness. This indicates that the oxide film acts as both a D reservoir and a transport barrier that delays D release at temperatures above 475 K. At this temperature, D also starts to interact chemically with the oxide film and is released not only as HD or D2 but also in the form of heavy water (HDO and D2O). Above 700 K, D is released only in form of heavy water as long as enough oxide is available. Accordingly, SEM images after TDS show a strong modification of the oxide film. For film thicknesses of 5–10 nm, all oxide is removed from the surface and smooth metallic W remains. For 15 nm, the surface is still partially covered by oxide islands with several micrometer of metallic W between them. From the fact that D is still only released as heavy water at high temperatures, we conclude that the mobility of D atoms at the surface is very high. Even D atoms that surface far from an oxide island apparently travel along the surface to form an O-D group at the W oxide before they recombine with another D atom to form water.Our results indicate that the oxide film becomes relevant for the D release during TDS if the ratio of O atoms on the surface to D atoms in the sample is larger than 5–10 %. Consequently, even the natural oxide film (1–2 nm) that forms on W upon contact with air may significantly influence the D release spectra from TDS for experiments with low D retention.
Published: 2022
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20. Acute-on-chronic subdural cranial hematoma in a dog: case report

Author: M.A. Bonelli, I.C.C. Silva, T.H.T. Fernandes, T. Schwarz, and F.S. Costa
Subjects: canine, head trauma, traumatic brain injury, computed tomography, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract: ABSTRACT A ten-month-old male Yorkshire terrier dog was evaluated via CT four months after traumatic brain injury. The head CT scan showed dilated ventricles associated with a peripheral crescent-shaped collection of blood near the right parietal bone with a mineralized area. The visceral layer of the hematoma was hyperattenuating on the native scan and showed moderate contrast enhancement after administration of intravenous iodinated contrast medium. No fractures were identified in the calvarium. These findings were compatible with acute-on-chronic calcified subdural hematoma, which have been described with more detail in humans. This is the first report to include the description of the imaging findings related to this condition using computed tomography in a dog.
Published: 2020
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21. Deuterium supersaturated surface layer in tungsten: ion energy dependence

Author: D. Nishijima, M. Tokitani, D. Nagata, T. Schwarz-Selinger, A. Založnik, F. Chang, R.P. Doerner, M.I. Patino, M.J. Simmonds, M.J. Baldwin, and G.R. Tynan
Subjects: deuterium supersaturated surface layer, tungsten, nanobubbles, FIB, TEM, NRA, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Properties of deuterium (D) supersaturated surface layers (DSSLs) formed in tungsten (W), such as thickness, internal microstructures, and D retention, are experimentally investigated as a function of the incident ion energy, E _i . W samples were exposed to D plasmas in the PISCES-A linear plasma device in a range of E _i ∼ 45–175 eV, while other plasma exposure parameters were fixed: sample temperature, T _s , ∼423 K, ion flux, Γ _i , ∼1.2 × 10 ^21 m ^−2 s ^−1 , and fluence, Φ _i , ∼3.0 × 10 ^24 m ^−2 . High-resolution, cross-sectional, transmission electron microscopy observations confirm that (1) a DSSL forms even at the lowest E _i ∼ 45 eV, (2) the DSSL thickness, Δ t _DSSL , is found to decrease with decreasing E _i from ∼11–12 nm at E _i ∼ 175 eV to ∼5–6 nm at ∼45 eV, and to agree with approximately the maximum implantation depth calculated using SDTrimSP, and (3) high-density D nanobubbles with a diameter of ∼1 nm or less exist inside the DSSL, which is deemed to validate a theory-predicted vacancy stabilization process due to trapping of a solute D atom(s). Utilizing a D areal density of ∼4.2 × 10 ^19 m ^−2 in the first 14 nm from the surface at E _i ∼ 75 eV from nuclear reaction analysis and the measured E _i dependence of Δ t _DSSL , our previous laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data is updated: both dynamic and static D retention increase with decreasing E _i , and the D/W atomic fraction during plasma exposure reaches ∼0.3 at E _i ∼ 45 eV. A possible DSSL formation mechanism is proposed.
Published: 2023
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22. Tritium retention in W plasma-facing materials: Impact of the material structure and helium irradiation

Author: E. Bernard, R. Sakamoto, E. Hodille, A. Kreter, E. Autissier, M.-F. Barthe, P. Desgardin, T. Schwarz-Selinger, V. Burwitz, S. Feuillastre, S. Garcia-Argote, G. Pieters, B. Rousseau, M. Ialovega, R. Bisson, F. Ghiorghiu, C. Corr, M. Thompson, R. Doerner, S. Markelj, H. Yamada, N. Yoshida, and C. Grisolia
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: Plasma-facing materials for next generation fusion devices, like ITER and DEMO, will be submitted to intense fluxes of light elements, notably He and H isotopes (HI). Our study focuses on tritium (T) retention on a wide range of W samples: first, different types of W materials were investigated to distinguish the impact of the pristine original structure on the retention, from W-coated samples to ITER-grade pure W samples submitted to various annealing and manufacturing procedures, along with monocrystalline W for reference. Then, He and He-D irradiated W samples were studied to investigate the impact on He-damages such as nano-bubbles (exposures in LHD or PSI-2) on T retention.We exposed all the samples to tritium gas-loading using a gentle technique preventing any introduction of new damage in the material. Tritium desorption is measured by Liquid Scintillation counting (LSC) at ambient and high temperatures (800 °C). The remaining T inventory is then measured by sample full dissolution and LSC. Results on T inventory on He exposed samples highlighted that in all cases, tritium desorption as a gas (HT) increases significantly due to the formation of He damages. Up to 1.8 times more T can be trapped in the material through a competition of various mechanisms, but the major part of the inventory desorbs at room temperature, and so will most likely not take part to the long-term trapped inventory for safety and operational perspectives. Unfortunately, investigation of “as received” industrial W (used for the making of plasma-facing materials) highlighted a strong impact of the pre existing defects on T retention: up to 2.5 times more T is trapped in “as received W” compared to annealed and polish W, and desorbs only at 800 °C, meaning ideal W material studies may underestimate T inventory for tokamak relevant conditions. Keywords: Tungsten, Helium, Tritium inventory, Plasma-wall interactions
Published: 2019
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23. Angle-dependent sputter yield measurements of keV D ions on W and Fe and comparison with SDTrimSP and SDTrimSP-3D

Author: R. Arredondo, M. Oberkofler, T. Schwarz-Selinger, U. von Toussaint, V.V. Burwitz, A. Mutzke, E. Vassallo, and M. Pedroni
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: The influence of surface roughness on the sputter yield was investigated as a function of the angle of incidence. In this work, nm-smooth and rough samples with roughnesses on the µm length scale were produced by depositing thin Fe and W films on smooth and rough Si substrates via magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology of the samples was determined by atomic force microscopy. The samples were exposed to a 6 keV D3+ ion beam (2 keV/D) under various angles of incidence ranging from 0° to 75° with respect to the surface normal to fluences of the order of 1022 D/m2. The layer thickness was measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) before and after erosion. The resulting sputter yields were compared to simulations performed with SDTrimSP (static and dynamic) and SDTrimSP-3D (static), showing good qualitative agreement in all cases, as well as agreement with literature data at normal incidence. This constitutes the first experimental benchmark of SDTrimSP-3D. A discrepancy in the value of the sputter yield for smooth W at normal incidence was observed between the SDTrimSP simulations and the experimental values obtained in this work and found in literature. Analogous experiments were performed to study the sputter yield at normal incidence of 2 keV/D on smooth Au and 6 keV He on smooth W. These sputter yields were also compared to SDTrimSP simulations and literature, showing good agreement in all cases. Keywords: Sputtering, SDTrimSP, Roughness
Published: 2019
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24. Deuterium retention in tungsten based materials for fusion applications

Author: H. Maier, T. Schwarz-Selinger, R. Neu, C. Garcia-Rosales, M. Balden, A. Calvo, T. Dürbeck, A. Manhard, N. Ordás, and T.F. Silva
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: The tungsten “heavy alloy” HPM 1850, a liquid-phase sintered composite material with two weight percent Ni and one weight percent Fe, as well as the self-passivating tungsten alloy W-10Cr-0.5Y, a high temperature oxidation resistant alloy with 10 weight percent of Cr and 0.5 weight percent of Y, were investigated with respect to their deuterium retention. The samples were deuterium loaded in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma up to a fluence of 1025m−2. The deuterium retention was then investigated by Nuclear Reaction Analysis and by Thermal Desorption. In HPM 1850 the observed deuterium amount was similar to pure tungsten, however the outgassing behaviour during thermal desorption was considerably faster. In W-10Cr-0.5Y the released deuterium amount during thermal desorption was about one order of magnitude higher; by comparison of nuclear reaction analysis and thermal desorption this was attributed to deeper diffusion of deuterium into the bulk of the material. Keywords: Deuterium retention, Tungsten heavy alloy, Tungsten self-passivating alloy, Nuclear reaction analysis, Thermal desorption
Published: 2019
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25. Influence of the presence of deuterium on displacement damage in tungsten

Author: T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Bauer, S. Elgeti, and S. Markelj
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: The influence of the presence of deuterium on displacement damage in tungsten is studied by implanting 20 MeV tungsten ions into displacement-damaged tungsten already containing 1.7 at.% deuterium. SDTrimSP calculations reveal that for the tungsten implantation fluence used, on average each D atom is recoiled once and hence mobile deuterium should be present simultaneously while displacing tungsten atoms. Nuclear reaction analysis after the tungsten implantation shows that no deuterium is lost from the sample and the depth profile is unchanged. However, deuterium must have been de-trapped and is effectively re-trapped again because temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy reveals that deuterium is redistributed from the low temperature de-trapping peak to the high temperature de-trapping peak. Rate equation modelling can describe the measured deuterium desorption with the same de-trapping energies as for the initial material but with increased trap densities only. Decorating the samples after the additional tungsten ion implantation again with a low energy deuterium plasma shows increased deuterium retention beyond the saturation value that is known for initially deuterium free, displacement-damaged tungsten by nearly a factor of two. Both observations together indicate that deuterium is stabilizing the defects created within the collision cascade. Keywords: Defect stabilization, Deuterium retention, Self-damaged tungsten, Displacement damage, Ion radiation effects, Nuclear reaction analysis, Temperature programmed desorption
Published: 2018
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26. Effects of individual versus group housing system during the weaning-to-estrus interval on reproductive performance of sows

Author: T. Schwarz, M. Małopolska, J. Nowicki, R. Tuz, S. Lazic, M. Kopyra, and P.M. Bartlewski
Subjects: Pen, Pig, Reproduction, Stall, Stress, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract: Selection of appropriate housing conditions for sows is critical for their physical health and long-term reproductive success. The present objective was to evaluate the influences of housing system postweaning (i.e., individual stalls (IS) or group pens (GP)), season and parity on piglet productivity of sows in a commercial setting. This study utilized 3 053 Polish Large White×Polish Landrace sows that were weaned at a rate of 20–30 animals per week at the median age of 4 weeks; 1 474 sows were moved into GP of seven to eight animals each, while 1 579 were placed in IS after weaning. Starting 2 days postweaning all animals were checked for estrus with a teaser boar and then artificially inseminated using 3×109 spermatozoa per dose of an inseminate at the onset of heat and 24 h later. The proportion of sows showing the signs of standing heat at or before 6 days postweaning was greater (P
Published: 2021
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27. Dislocation structure of tungsten irradiated by light ions

Author: B. Wieluńska-Kuś, T. Płociński, T. Schwarz-Selinger, M. Mayer, W. Jacob, and L. Ciupiński
Subjects: ion-irradiated tungsten, transmission electron microscopy, radiation damage, dislocation structure, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Single crystalline tungsten samples were irradiated by He, D, and H at room temperature, with a calculated damage level in the peak maximum up to 0.04 dpa and with He up to 0.5 dpa. The dislocation structure of the whole damage zone was investigated perpendicular to the irradiated surface by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) under four different two-beam diffraction conditions g = −200, 020, −110, 110 close to the [100] zone axis, taking bright-field kinematical images. The depth of the damage zone observed by TEM is in good agreement with the damage depth calculated by SRIM. The damage zones of the tungsten samples irradiated by He, D, H up to 0.04 dpa can be subdivided into four subzones. Significant differences in the dislocation structures between the different ion species despite comparable calculated damage levels were found at the depth close to the damage peak maximum. In this depth, the damage zone of tungsten irradiated by He consists of small dense dislocation loops (⩽3 nm) with high strain fields. Irradiation by D creates large dislocation loops with an average diameter of 15–22 nm depending on the set diffraction condition. The damage zone of H-irradiated tungsten is dominated by long dislocation lines at the depth of the damage peak maximum. No transition from dislocation loops to lines was found in the sample irradiated with He up to 0.5 dpa. This is probably due to He bubbles, which hinder the loops to aggregate into lines. This work shows that the displacement damage obtained by the irradiation of tungsten at room temperature with light ions is significantly different to tungsten irradiated to the same calculated damage level by medium to high-mass ions (Wielunska et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion 62 096003 [1]).
Published: 2022
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28. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author: Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Y.H. Li, T.T. Liu, W.L. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, Z.C. Lu, X.L. Luo, T.Y. Ma, J.Q. Peng, X. Sheng, X.J. Shi, Y.H. Sun, G. Tian, K. Wang, L. Wang, R.N. Wu, Q. Xie, R.Y. Xu, J.S. Yang, L.L. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, H.Y. Yu, J.H. Yu, T. Yu, H. Zhai, Q. Zhan, G.S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W.Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, Z.H. Zhou, X.Y. Zhu, S. Kakkar, J.P.S. Sawhney, P. Jadhav, R. Durgaprasad, A.G. Ravi Shankar, R.K. Rajput, K. Bhargava, R. Sarma, A. Srinivas, D. Roy, U.M. Nagamalesh, M. Chopda, R. Kishore, G. Kulkarni, P. Chandwani, R.A. Pothiwala, M. Padinhare Purayil, S. Shah, K. Chawla, V.A. Kothiwale, B. Raghuraman, G. Vijayaraghavan, V.M. Vijan, G. Bantwal, V. Bisne, A. Khan, J.B. Gupta, S. Kumar, D. Jain, S. Abraham, D. Adak, A. Barai, H. Begum, P. Bhattacharjee, M. Dargude, D. Davies, B. Deshpande, P. Dhakrao, V. Dhyani, S. Duhan, M. Earath, A. Ganatra, S. Giradkar, V. Jain, R. Karthikeyan, L. Kasala, S. Kaur, S. Krishnappa, A. Lawande, B. Lokesh, N. Madarkar, R. Meena, P. More, D. 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Grässjö, S. Hahn, P. Jaensson, B. Jansson, J.-H. Jansson, R.-M. Kangert, A. Koch, D. Kusiak, A. Lettenström, A. Lindberg, C.-J. Lindholm, A. Mannermyr, K. Mansson, M. Millborg, C. Nilsson, A.-M. Ohlin, A. Olofsson, A. Osberg, A. Pedersen, K. Risbecker, K. Rosenberg, J. Samuelsson, M. Shayesteh, K. Skoglund, M. Stjernberg, C. Thorsen, J. Steffel, J.H. Beer, J. Debrunner, D. Amstutz, J. Bruegger, G. Elise, A. Grau, A. Guinand, I. Henriette, E. Saga, S. Winnik, A. Parkhomenko, I. Rudyk, V. Tseluyko, O. Karpenko, S. Zhurba, I. Kraiz, I. Kupnovytska, N. Serediuk, Y. Mostovoy, O. Ushakov, O. Koval, I. Kovalskyi, Y. Svyshchenko, O. Sychov, M. Stanislavchuk, O. Kraydashenko, A. Yagensky, S. Tykhonova, I. Fushtey, R. Belegai, G. Berko, L. Burdeuna, O. Chabanna, I. Daniuk, A. Ivanov, E. Kamenska, P. Kaplan, O. Khyzhnyak, S. Kizim, O. Matova, O. Medentseva, V. Mochonyi, M. Mospan, V. Nemtsova, T. Ovdiienko, O. Palamarchuk, M. Pavelko, R. Petrovskyy, D. Plevak, O. Proshak, S. Pyvovar, L. Rasputina, O. Romanenko, O. Romanova, A. Sapatyi, O. Shumakov, R. Stets, L. Todoriuk, V. Varenov, D. Fitzmaurice, N. Chauhan, D. Goodwin, P. Saunders, R. Evans, J. Leese, P.S. Jhittay, A. Ross, M.S. Kainth, G. Pickavance, J. McDonnell, A. Williams, T. Gooding, H. Wagner, S. Suryani, A. Singal, S. Sircar, R. Bilas, P. Hutchinson, A. Wakeman, M. Stokes, N. Paul, M. Aziz, C. Ramesh, P. Wilson, S. Franklin, S. Fairhead, J. Thompson, V. St Joseph, G. Taylor, D. Tragen, D. Seamark, C. Paul, M. Richardson, A. Jefferies, H. Sharp, H. Jones, C. Giles, M. Page, O. Oginni, J. Aldegather, S. Wetherwell, W. Lumb, P. Evans, F. Scouller, N. Macey, Y. Stipp, R. West, S. Thurston, P. Wadeson, J. Matthews, P. Pandya, A. Gallagher, T. Railton, B. Sinha, D. Russell, J.A. Davies, P. Ainsworth, C.P. Jones, P. Weeks, J. Eden, D. Kernick, W. Murdoch, L. Lumley, R.P. Patel, S.W. Wong, M. Saigol, K. Ladha, K. Douglas, D.F. Cumberlidge, C. Bradshaw, G. Van Zon, K.P. Jones, M.J. Thomas, E. Watson, B. Sarai, N. Ahmad, W. Willcock, J. Cairns, S. Sathananthan, N. de Kare-Silver, A. Gilliland, E. Strieder, A. Howitt, B. Vishwanathan, N. Bird, D. Gray, M. Clark, J. Bisatt, J. Litchfield, E. Fisher, T. Fooks, A.R. Kelsall, E. Alborough, J. Wakeling, M. Parfitt, K. Milne, S. Rogers, R. Priyadharshan, J.L. Oliver, E. Davies, S. Abushal, M. Jacobs, C. Hutton, N.I. Walls, R. Thompson, C. Chigbo, S.M.A. Zaidi, M. Howard, K.C. Butter, S. Barrow, H. Little, I.U. Haq, L. Gibbons, S. Glencross, A.J. McLeod, K. Poland, C. Mulholland, A. Warke, P. Conn, G. Burns, R.N. Smith, S. Lowe, R. Kamath, H.S. Dau, J. Webster, I. Hodgins, S. Vercoe, P.C. Roome, H. Pinnock, J.R.A. Patel, A. Ali, N. Hart, R. Davies, E. Stuart, C.A. Neden, M. Danielsen, R. Heath, P. Sharma, S. Galloway, C. Hawkins, R. Oliver, M. Aylward, S. Mannion, M. Braddick, D. Edwards, A.C. Rothwell, A. Sabir, F. Choudhary, S. Khalaque, A. Wilson, S. Peters, W. Coulson, N. Roberts, A. Heer, S. Coates, B. Ward, D. Jackson, S. Walton, D. Shepherd, M. Sterry, T. Wong, M. Boon, R. Bunney, R. Haria-Shah, R.T. Baron, S. Davies, T. Schatzberger, N. Hargreaves, T. Stephenson, H. Choi, R. Batson, L. Lucraft, T. Myhill, S. Estifano, D. Geatch, J. Wilkinson, R. Veale, K. Forshaw, T. Davies, K. Zaman, P. Vinson, C. Liley, M. Bandrapalli, P. McGinty, R. Wastling, P. McEleny, A. Beattie, P. Cooke, M. Wong, J. Gunasegaram, M. Pugsley, S. Ahmad, C. A'Court, J. Ayers, J. Bennett, S. Cartwright, S. Dobson, C. Dooldeniya, A. Flynn, R. Fox, J. Goram, A. Halpin, A. Hay, P. Jacobs, L. Jeffers, L. Lomax, I. Munro, R. Muvva, M. Nadaph, K. Powell, S. Randfield, D. Redpath, R. Reed, M. Rickenbach, G. Rogers, P.B. Saunders, C. Seamark, J. Shewring, P. Simmons, H. Simper, H. Stoddart, A. Sword, N. Thomas, A. Thomson, H. Gibbs, A. Blenkhorn, B. Singh, W. Van Gaal, W. Abhayaratna, R. Lehman, P. Roberts-Thomson, J. Kilian, D. Coulshed, A. Catanchin, D. Colquhoun, H. Kiat, D. Eccleston, J. French, L. Zimmett, B. Ayres, T. Phan, P. Blombery, D. Crimmins, D. O'Donnell, A. Choi, P. Astridge, M. Arstall, N. Jepson, M. Binnekamp, A. Lee, J. Rogers, G. Starmer, P. Carroll, J. Faunt, A. Aggarwala, L. Barry, C. Batta, R. Beveridge, A. Black, M. Bonner, J. Boys, E. Buckley, M. Campo, L. Carlton, A. Connelly, B. Conway, D. Cresp, H. Dimitri, S. Dixon, M. Dolman, M. Duroux, M. Eskandari, R. Eslick, A. Ferreira-Jardim, T. Fetahovic, D. Fitzpatrick, R. Geraghty, J. Gibbs, T. Grabek, M.H. Modi, K. Hayes, M.P. Hegde, L. Hesketh, B. Hoffmann, B. Jacobson, K. Johnson, C. Juergens, I. Kassam, V. Lawlor, M. Lehman, S. Lehman, D. Leung, S. Mackay, M. MacKenzie, C. McCarthy, C. McIntosh, L. McKeon, H. Morrison, C. Mussap, J.-D. Myers, V. Nagalingam, G. Oldfield, V. O'May, J. Palmer, L. Parsons, K. Patching, T. Patching, V. Paul, M. Plotz, S. Preston, H. Rashad, M. Ratcliffe, S. Raynes, J. Rose, L. Sanders, M. Seremetkoska, H. Setio, S. Shone, P. Shrestha, C. Singh, C. Singleton, N. Stoyanov, S. Sutcliffe, K. Swaraj, J. Tarrant, S. Thompson, I.M. Tsay, M. Vorster, A. Waldman, L. Wallis, E. Wilford, K. Wong, S.J. Connolly, A. Spyropoulos, J. Eikelboom, R. Luton, M. Gupta, A.S. Pandey, S. Cheung, R. Leader, P. Beaudry, F. Ayala-Paredes, J. Berlingieri, J. Heath, G. Poirier, M. Du Preez, R. Nadeau, G. Dresser, R. Dhillon, T. Hruczkowski, B. Schweitzer, B. Coutu, P. Angaran, P. MacDonald, S. Vizel, S. Fikry, R. Parkash, A. Lavoie, J. Cha, B. Ramjattan, J. Bonet, K. Ahmad, L. Aro, T. Aves, K. Beaudry, C. Bergeron, J. Bigcanoe, N. Bignell, L. Breakwell, E. Burke, L. Carroll, B. Clarke, T. Cleveland, S. Daheb, P. Dehghani, I. Denis, Z. Djaidani, P. Dorian, S. Douglass, J. Dunnigan, A. Ewert, D. Farquhar, A. Fearon, L. Ferleyko, D. Fournier, B. Fox, M.-C. Grenier, W. Gulliver, K. Haveman, C. Hines, K. Hines, A.M. Jackson, C. Jean, G. Jethoo, R. Kahlon, S. Kelly, R. Kim, V. Korley, J. Kornder, L. Kwan, J. Largy, C. Lewis, S. Lewis, I. Mangat, R. Moor, J. Navratil, I. Neas, J. Otis, R. Otis, M. Pandey, F. Petrie, A. Pinter, M. Raines, P. Roberts, M. Robinson, G. Sas, S. Schulman, L. Snell, S. Spearson, J. Stevenson, T. Trahey, S. Wong, D. Wright, H. Ragy, A. Abd El-Aziz, S.K. Abou Seif, M.G. El Din, S. El Etriby, A. Elbahry, A. El-Etreby, M. Elkhadem, A. Katta, T. Khairy, A. Mowafy, M. Nawar, A. Ohanissian, A. Reda, M. Reda, H. Salem, N. Sami, S. Samir, M. Setiha, M. Sobhy, A. Soliman, N. Taha, M. Tawfik, E. Zaatout, D. Kettles, J. Bayat, H. Siebert, A. Horak, Y. Kelfkens, R. Garda, T. Pillay, M. Guerra, L. van Zyl, H. Theron, A. Murray, R. Louw, D. Greyling, P. Mntla, V. Ueckermann, R. Loghdey, S. Ismail, F. Ahmed, J. Engelbrecht, A. Ramdass, S. Maharajh, W. Oosthuysen, G. Angel, C. Bester, M. Booysen, C. Boshoff, C. Cannon, S. Cassimjee, C. Chami, G. Conway, A. Davids, L. de Meyer, G. Du Plessis, T. Ellis, L. Henley, M. Karsten, E. Loyd, J. Marks, L. Mavhusa, M. Mostert, A. Page, L. Rikhotso, M. Salie, J. Sasto, F. Shaik, A. Skein, L. Smith, G. Tarr, T. Tau, F. van Zyl, W. Al Mahmeed, G. Yousef, A. Agrawal, M. Nathani, M. Ibrahim, E.M. Esheiba, R. Singh, A. Naguib, M. Abu-Mahfouz, M. Al Omairi, A. Al Naeemi, R. Maruthanayagam, N. Bazargani, A. Wassef, R. Gupta, M. Khan, B. Subbaraman, A. Abdul, A. Al Mulla, S. El Bardisy, P. Haridas, S. Jadhav, K. Magdaluyo, M. Makdad, I. Maqsood, R. Mohamed, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, M. Thanzeel, S.Z. Goldhaber, R. Canosa, P. Rama, E. Blumberg, J. Garcia, P. Mullen, V. Wilson, A. Quick, K. Ferrick, W.M. Kutayli, M. Cox, M. Franco, S. Falkowski, R. Mendelson, M. Williams, S. Miller, S. Beach, A. Alfieri, T. Gutowski, I. Haque, R. Reddy, W. Ahmed, P. Delafontaine, D. Diercks, D. Theodoro, K. Remmel, M. Alberts, R. Ison, H. Noveck, P. Duffy, S. Pitta, D. Nishijima, C. Treasure, N. Asafu-Adjaye, K. Ball, M. Bartlett, M. Bentley, S. Bowers, A. Brown, A. Browne, J. Cameron-Watts, M. Canova, D. Cassidy, K. Cervellione, S. Congal, J. DePauw, A. Dickerson, M. Eley, L. Evans, S. Felpel, K. Ferdinand, D. Fielder, P. Gentry, A. Haideri, F. Hakimi, T. Harbour, E. Hartranft, B. Hawkins, M. Headlee, L. Henson, C. Herrick, T. Hicks, S. Jasinski, A. Jones, L. Jones, P. Jones, S. Karl, M. Keeling, J. Kerr, P. Knowles, J. Langdon, M. Lay, J.A. Lee, T. Lincoln, E. Malone, A. Merliss, D. Merritt, J. Minardo, B. Mooso, C. Orosco, V. Palumbo, M. Parker, T. Parrott, S. Paserchia, G. Pearl, J. Peterson, N. Pickelsimer, T. Purcell, J. Raynor, S. Raziano, C. Richard, T. Richardson, C. Robertson, A. Sage, T. Sanghera, P. Shaw, J. Shoemaker, K. Smith, B. Stephanie, A. Thatcher, H. Theobald, N. Thompson, L. Treasure, T. Tripti, C. Verdi, and V. Worthy
Subjects: Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P
Published: 2018
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29. The influence of azaperone treatment at weaning on reproductive performance of sows: altering effects of season and parity

Author: T. Schwarz, J. Nowicki, R. Tuz, and P.M. Bartlewski
Subjects: pigs, azaperone, weaning, fertility, stress, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract: Azaperone treatment can control aggression and decrease stress due to weaning, re-grouping and hierarchical fighting of gilts and sows. However, the effects of this butyrophenone neuroleptic and sedative administered at weaning on pig reproductive function are poorly characterized. In this year-long study, a total of 619 cross-bred sows (Polish Large White×Polish Landrace) kept on a commercial farm received an i.m. injection of azaperone (Stresnil®; 2 mg/kg BW) just before weaning and were artificially inseminated during the ensuing estrus with 3×109 spermatozoa per dose of an inseminate; 1180 sows served as untreated controls. Immediately after weaning, the sows were moved to four pens of seven to nine animals each. A teaser boar was used twice daily to check for estrus and sows were bred at heat detection. Subsequently, all sows stayed in individual stalls until pregnancy testing on day 30 post-artificial insemination and were then re-grouped until farrowing. The proportion of pigs that were in estrus within 6 days post-weaning was significantly lower in azaperone-treated groups of animals than in controls (71.4% v. 84.2%). Overall, the azaperone-treated sows had a significantly longer weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI; 8.7±10.1 v. 6.3±8.1 days; mean±SD) and a significantly larger litter size (LS: 11.8±3.0 v.11.3±3.2; azaperone-treated v. control sows). Treatment of the winter-farrowing sows was associated with increased LS (12.8±2.6 and 11.3±3.1 piglets/sow, respectively; P
Published: 2018
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30. The influence of azaperone treatment at weaning on reproductive function in sows: ovarian activity and endocrine profiles during the weaning-to-ovulation interval

Author: T. Schwarz, A. Zięcik, M. Murawski, J. Nowicki, R. Tuz, B. Baker, and P.M. Bartlewski
Subjects: pig, weaning, stress, azaperone, reproduction, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract: Azaperone can reduce stress caused by weaning and relocation of breeding sows, but its effects on reproductive processes are still poorly understood. The primary aim of this study was to describe and compare the endocrine and ovarian activity in ultrasonographically monitored second parity sows, with or without azaperone treatment at weaning (2 mg/kg BW i.m.). The intervals from weaning to the onset of estrus and ovulation were both greater (P
Published: 2018
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31. Deuterium retention in recrystallized tungsten irradiated with simultaneous deuterium–neon ion beams

Author: T.J. Finlay, J.W. Davis, T. Schwarz-Selinger, Z. Siketić, and A.A. Haasz
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: Although neon has been considered for impurity seeding in the ITER tungsten divertor, there have been few studies on its effects on deuterium retention in tungsten. We investigate the effects of simultaneous (SIM) D-2.5% Ne ion beam irradiation on D retention in recrystallized W at 300–700K, with 500eV/D+ and 1keV/Ne+ ion energies, and compare to the effects of SIM D-3% He irradiation with 500eV/He+. Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) up to 1473K, nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) are used to measure D, He, and Ne in the specimens. Ne is more effective than He at reducing D retention for higher exposure temperatures, even though less Ne is retained than He. He appears to modify the D TDS spectra peak shapes more than Ne, while He addition leads to increased D trapping within a few µm depth according to NRA. D retention may be reduced due to Ne sputtering, as well as a near surface interaction with Ne which blocks D diffusion past the implantation range and leads to higher surface re-emission. Keywords: Tungsten, Deuterium, Helium, Neon, Retention
Published: 2017
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32. Deuterium retention in MeV self-implanted tungsten: Influence of damaging dose rate

Author: T. Schwarz-Selinger
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: Recrystallized, polycrystalline tungsten was self-damaged by 20MeV tungsten ions up to a calculated damage dose in the damage peak of 0.23dpa. The time to acquire this dose and hence the average damaging dose rate was varied from 6×10-3 to 4×10-6dpa/s, the latter coming close to the damage dose rate expected from fusion neutrons in future devices such as ITER and DEMO. One series was conducted at 295K and one at 800K to check for possible effects of defect evolution at elevated temperature. The created damage was decorated afterwards with a deuterium plasma at low ion energy of
Published: 2017
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33. Microstructure and defect analysis in the vicinity of blisters in polycrystalline tungsten

Author: A. Manhard, U. von Toussaint, M. Balden, S. Elgeti, T. Schwarz-Selinger, L. Gao, S. Kapser, T. Płociński, J. Grzonka, M. Gloc, and Ł. Ciupiński
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: Up to now, analyzing the production of dislocation-type defects in the subsurface region of plasma or ion-exposed tungsten samples has been hampered by the challenging production of suitable cross-section samples for transmission electron microscopy. We present two reliable methods based on precision electropolishing to prepare cross-sections of tungsten that allow direct imaging of dislocation-type defects by scanning as well as by transmission electron microscopy. Using these methods, we are able to demonstrate a clear enhancement of the dislocation density in the caps of blisters on tungsten exposed to H isotope plasma, i.e., of surface morphologies that are correlated to subsurface cavities. As a benchmark, we also show a cross-section of tungsten irradiated by 20 MeV W6+ ions. Keywords: Tungsten, Plasma, Blistering, Cross-section, Electropolishing, Dislocations
Published: 2017
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34. Quantitatively measuring the influence of helium in plasma-exposed tungsten

Author: R.P. Doerner, M.J. Baldwin, M. Simmonds, J.H. Yu, L. Buzi, and T. Schwarz-Selinger
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: Tungsten samples are exposed to 3He plasma to quantify their helium retention behavior. The retention saturates quickly with helium fluence and increases only slightly from 4.3×1019He/m2 at 773K, to 7.5×1019He/m2 at 973K. The helium content increases dramatically to 6.8×1020He/m2 when fuzz is formed on the surface of a sample exposed at 1173K, but the majority of the retained helium (5.1×1020He/m2) is found to reside below the layer of fuzz tendrils. Additional tungsten samples were exposed to either simultaneous, or sequential, D/He plasma, followed by TDS. Measurements show the majority of the D retained during simultaneous exposures is located in the near surface region of helium nano-bubbles. No deuterium was detected in any of the samples after the heating to 1273K, but 67% of the helium was released from simultaneously exposed samples, and only 23% of the helium was released from the sequentially exposed samples. Keywords: Plasma-material interactions, Helium, Tungsten, Retention
Published: 2017
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35. D retention in Be exposed to fusion relevant mixed species D2−He plasma

Author: M.J. Baldwin, T. Schwarz-Selinger, and R.P. Doerner
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: He admixture to D2 plasma incident on Be targets is used to study the influence of a fusion-ash relevant He concentration on D retention. A variation of exposure parameters such as He ion fraction: 0.02 ≤ α ≤ 0.1, exposure temperature: 330 ≤ Texp ≤ 650 K, ion-fluence: 5 × 1024 ≤ Φ ≤ 1 × 1027 m−2 and energy: 40 ≤ Ei ≤ 90 eV, are explored. Results are compared to D retention values in Be observed in D2 plasma (α=0). With α=0.1, a factor ∼3 reduction in D retention is noted for exposure at ∼300 K, but is less as Texp approaches ∼473 K, and not apparent above 473 K. The reduction is caused by the ability of He to hinder D saturation in low-release-temperature supersaturated binding states. Keywords: Beryllium, Retention, Thermal desorption, Iter, Pisces
Published: 2017
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36. Deuterium retention in tungsten simultaneously damaged by high energy W ions and loaded by D atoms

Author: S. Markelj, T. Schwarz-Selinger, A. Založnik, M. Kelemen, P. Vavpetič, P. Pelicon, E. Hodille, and C. Grisolia
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: Deuterium retention was for the first time measured in tungsten samples simultaneously irradiated by W ions and exposed to D atoms at five different temperatures from 450K to 1000K. In order to obtain information on the defect concentration, samples were afterwards exposed to D atoms at 600K to populate the created defects. The results were compared to different sequential damaging/exposure experiments. Synergistic effects were observed, namely, higher D concentrations were found in the case of simultaneous damaging and D-atom loading as compared to sequential damaging at elevated temperatures and populating the defects afterwards. However, the deuterium retention is still lower as compared to sequential damaging at room temperature and post-damaging annealing. The observations are explained by stabilization of defects by the presence of solute hydrogen in the bulk that would annihilate at high temperatures without the presence of hydrogen. Results of simultaneous W-ion damaging and D exposure at elevated temperatures were also compared to a sequential experiment of W-ion damaging at room temperature and then D-atom loading at high temperatures showing that thermal D de-trapping dominates deuterium retention at high temperatures. Keywords: Tungsten, Deuterium retention, Displacement damage, Neutral atoms, NRA
Published: 2017
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37. Production value and cost-effectiveness of pig fattening using liquid feeding or enzyme-supplemented dry mixes containing rye grain

Author: T. Schwarz, A. Turek, J. Nowicki, R. Tuz, B. Rudzki, and P.M. Bartlewski
Subjects: swine, barley, fattener, enzyme, yeast, xylanase, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of a fermented liquid feeding and enzyme supplementation of dry fodders containing rye grain for pig fattening. Two experiments were performed on 126 gilts (82 in Experiment 1 and 44 in Experiment 2) of hybrid Pig Improvement Company (PIC) lines. In both experiments, the pigs were randomly divided into two equinumeric groups (treatment vs control). In Experiment 1, the treatment group received a diet containing 25% of rye grain (cultivar Visello) in the grower and 50% in the finisher period, replacing a proportion of barley from control mixes, and the fodders were given as pre-fermented liquid feed twice daily. In Experiment 2, both the control and experimental diets contained rye grain at the same quantities as the experimental group in Experiment 1, but the mixes for the treatment groups were supplemented with 0.01% of xylanase and fed in dry form. There were no differences in the mean growth rate or feed conversion ratio between the control and experimental groups of gilts. In Experiment 1, there was no effect of rye feeding on backfat thickness, loin depth, and meatiness, and hence the final carcass price, but the overall cost of fattening was lower by 5.1% in rye-fed pigs, which resulted in an 11.3% surplus. In Experiment 2, the backfat thickness was significantly greater and the lean meat content lower in the experimental compared with control group of animals. In spite of these differences, the lower cost of feeding (by 3.4%) resulted in a 5.2% increment in the economic efficiency of production of pigs receiving enzyme-supplemented mixes. It can be concluded that, in comparison to traditional barley-based nutrition, the pig fattening utilizing rye grain in wet fermented mixes is more profitable. The increased bottom-line profits of using dry rye mixes with carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes appear to be associated with declining carcass quality.
Published: 2016
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38. Investigation of probe surfaces after ion cyclotron wall conditioning in ASDEX upgrade

Author: A. Garcia-Carrasco, P. Petersson, T. Schwarz-Selinger, T. Wauters, D. Douai, V. Bobkov, R. Cavazzana, K. Krieger, A. Lyssoivan, S. Möller, M. Spolaore, V. Rohde, and M. Rubel
Subjects: Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract: For the first time, material analysis techniques have been applied to study the effect of ion cyclotron wall conditioning (ICWC) on probe surfaces in a metal-wall machine. ICWC is a technique envisaged to contribute to the removal of fuel and impurities from the first wall of ITER. The objective of this work was to assess impurity migration under ICWC operation. Tungsten probes were exposed in ASDEX Upgrade to discharges in helium. After wall conditioning, the probes were covered with a co-deposited layer containing D, B, C, N, O and relatively high amount of He. The concentration ratio He/C+B was 0.7. The formation of the co-deposited layer indicates that a fraction of the impurities desorbed from the wall under ICWC operation are transported by plasma and deposited away from their original location. Keywords: ICWC, Erosion-deposition, Fuel removal, Ion beam analysis, ASDEX Upgrade
Published: 2017
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39. Ratios of dijet production cross sections as a function of the absolute difference in rapidity between jets in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7\ \mathrm{TeV}$

Author: The CMS Collaboration, S. Chatrchyan, V. Khachatryan, A. M. Sirunyan, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, T. Bergauer, M. Dragicevic, J. Erö, C. Fabjan, M. Friedl, R. Frühwirth, V. M. Ghete, J. Hammer, M. Hoch, N. Hörmann, J. Hrubec, M. Jeitler, W. Kiesenhofer, M. Krammer, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, M. Pernicka, B. Rahbaran, C. Rohringer, H. Rohringer, R. Schöfbeck, J. Strauss, A. Taurok, F. Teischinger, P. Wagner, W. Waltenberger, G. Walzel, E. Widl, C.-E. Wulz, V. Mossolov, N. Shumeiko, J. Suarez Gonzalez, S. Bansal, L. Benucci, T. Cornelis, E. A. De Wolf, X. Janssen, S. Luyckx, T. Maes, L. Mucibello, S. Ochesanu, B. Roland, R. Rougny, M. Selvaggi, H. Van Haevermaet, P. Van Mechelen, N. Van Remortel, A. Van Spilbeeck, F. Blekman, S. Blyweert, J. D’Hondt, R. Gonzalez Suarez, A. Kalogeropoulos, M. Maes, A. Olbrechts, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders, G. P. Van Onsem, I. Villella, O. Charaf, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, V. Dero, A. P. R. Gay, G. H. Hammad, T. Hreus, A. Léonard, P. E. Marage, L. Thomas, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, J. Wickens, V. Adler, K. Beernaert, A. Cimmino, S. Costantini, G. Garcia, M. Grunewald, B. Klein, J. Lellouch, A. Marinov, J. Mccartin, A. A. Ocampo Rios, D. Ryckbosch, N. Strobbe, F. Thyssen, M. Tytgat, L. Vanelderen, P. Verwilligen, S. Walsh, E. Yazgan, N. Zaganidis, S. Basegmez, G. Bruno, L. Ceard, J. De Favereau De Jeneret, C. Delaere, T. du Pree, D. Favart, L. Forthomme, A. Giammanco, G. Grégoire, J. Hollar, V. Lemaitre, J. Liao, O. Militaru, C. Nuttens, D. Pagano, A. Pin, K. Piotrzkowski, N. Schul, N. Beliy, T. Caebergs, E. Daubie, G. A. Alves, M. Correa Martins Junior, D. De Jesus Damiao, T. Martins, M. E. Pol, M. H. G. Souza, W. L. Aldá Júnior, W. Carvalho, A. Custódio, E. M. Da Costa, C. De Oliveira Martins, S. Fonseca De Souza, D. Matos Figueiredo, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, V. Oguri, W. L. Prado Da Silva, A. Santoro, S. M. Silva Do Amaral, L. Soares Jorge, A. Sznajder, T. S. Anjos, C. A. Bernardes, F. A. Dias, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E. M. Gregores, C. Lagana, F. Marinho, P. G. Mercadante, S. F. Novaes, Sandra S. Padula, V. Genchev, P. Iaydjiev, S. Piperov, M. Rodozov, S. Stoykova, G. Sultanov, V. Tcholakov, R. Trayanov, M. Vutova, A. Dimitrov, R. Hadjiiska, A. Karadzhinova, V. Kozhuharov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, J. G. Bian, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, C. H. Jiang, D. Liang, S. Liang, X. Meng, J. Tao, J. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Wang, H. Xiao, M. Xu, J. Zang, Z. Zhang, C. Asawatangtrakuldee, Y. Ban, S. Guo, Y. Guo, W. Li, S. Liu, Y. Mao, S. J. Qian, H. Teng, S. Wang, B. Zhu, W. Zou, A. Cabrera, B. Gomez Moreno, A. F. Osorio Oliveros, J. C. Sanabria, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, R. Plestina, D. Polic, I. Puljak, Z. Antunovic, M. Dzelalija, M. Kovac, V. Brigljevic, S. Duric, K. Kadija, J. Luetic, S. Morovic, A. Attikis, M. Galanti, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos, P. A. Razis, M. Finger, Y. Assran, A. Ellithi Kamel, S. Khalil, M. A. Mahmoud, A. Radi, A. Hektor, M. Kadastik, M. Müntel, M. Raidal, L. Rebane, A. Tiko, V. Azzolini, P. Eerola, G. Fedi, M. Voutilainen, S. Czellar, J. Härkönen, A. Heikkinen, V. Karimäki, R. Kinnunen, M. J. Kortelainen, T. Lampén, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Lehti, T. Lindén, P. Luukka, T. Mäenpää, T. Peltola, E. Tuominen, J. Tuominiemi, E. Tuovinen, D. Ungaro, L. Wendland, K. Banzuzi, A. Korpela, T. Tuuva, D. Sillou, M. Besancon, S. Choudhury, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, B. Fabbro, J. L. Faure, F. Ferri, S. Ganjour, A. Givernaud, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, P. Jarry, E. Locci, J. Malcles, L. Millischer, J. Rander, A. Rosowsky, I. Shreyber, M. Titov, S. Baffioni, F. Beaudette, L. Benhabib, L. Bianchini, M. Bluj, C. Broutin, P. Busson, C. Charlot, N. Daci, T. Dahms, L. Dobrzynski, S. Elgammal, R. Granier de Cassagnac, M. Haguenauer, P. Miné, C. Mironov, C. Ochando, P. Paganini, D. Sabes, R. Salerno, Y. Sirois, C. Thiebaux, C. Veelken, A. Zabi, J.-L. Agram, J. Andrea, D. Bloch, D. Bodin, J.-M. Brom, M. Cardaci, E. C. Chabert, C. Collard, E. Conte, F. Drouhin, C. Ferro, J.-C. Fontaine, D. Gelé, U. Goerlach, P. Juillot, M. Karim, A.-C. Le Bihan, P. Van Hove, F. Fassi, D. Mercier, C. Baty, S. Beauceron, N. Beaupere, M. Bedjidian, O. Bondu, G. Boudoul, D. Boumediene, H. Brun, J. Chasserat, R. Chierici, D. Contardo, P. Depasse, H. El Mamouni, A. Falkiewicz, J. Fay, S. Gascon, M. Gouzevitch, B. Ille, T. Kurca, T. Le Grand, M. Lethuillier, L. Mirabito, S. Perries, V. Sordini, S. Tosi, Y. Tschudi, P. Verdier, S. Viret, D. Lomidze, G. Anagnostou, S. Beranek, M. Edelhoff, L. Feld, N. Heracleous, O. Hindrichs, R. Jussen, K. Klein, J. Merz, A. Ostapchuk, A. Perieanu, F. Raupach, J. Sammet, S. Schael, D. Sprenger, H. Weber, B. Wittmer, V. Zhukov, M. Ata, J. Caudron, E. Dietz-Laursonn, M. Erdmann, A. Güth, T. Hebbeker, C. Heidemann, K. Hoepfner, T. Klimkovich, D. Klingebiel, P. Kreuzer, D. Lanske, J. Lingemann, C. Magass, M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, M. Olschewski, P. Papacz, H. Pieta, H. Reithler, S. A. Schmitz, L. Sonnenschein, J. Steggemann, D. Teyssier, M. Weber, M. Bontenackels, V. Cherepanov, M. Davids, G. Flügge, H. Geenen, M. Geisler, W. Haj Ahmad, F. Hoehle, B. Kargoll, T. Kress, Y. Kuessel, A. Linn, A. Nowack, L. Perchalla, O. Pooth, J. Rennefeld, P. Sauerland, A. Stahl, M. H. Zoeller, M. Aldaya Martin, W. Behrenhoff, U. Behrens, M. Bergholz, A. Bethani, K. Borras, A. Burgmeier, A. Cakir, L. Calligaris, A. Campbell, E. Castro, D. Dammann, G. Eckerlin, D. Eckstein, A. Flossdorf, G. Flucke, A. Geiser, J. Hauk, H. Jung, M. Kasemann, P. Katsas, C. Kleinwort, H. Kluge, A. Knutsson, M. Krämer, D. Krücker, E. Kuznetsova, W. Lange, W. Lohmann, B. Lutz, R. Mankel, I. Marfin, M. Marienfeld, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann, A. B. Meyer, J. Mnich, A. Mussgiller, S. Naumann-Emme, J. Olzem, A. Petrukhin, D. Pitzl, A. Raspereza, P. M. Ribeiro Cipriano, M. Rosin, J. Salfeld-Nebgen, R. Schmidt, T. Schoerner-Sadenius, N. Sen, A. Spiridonov, M. Stein, J. Tomaszewska, R. Walsh, C. Wissing, C. Autermann, V. Blobel, S. Bobrovskyi, J. Draeger, H. Enderle, J. Erfle, U. Gebbert, M. Görner, T. Hermanns, R. S. Höing, K. Kaschube, G. Kaussen, H. Kirschenmann, R. Klanner, J. Lange, B. Mura, F. Nowak, N. Pietsch, C. Sander, H. Schettler, P. Schleper, E. Schlieckau, A. Schmidt, M. Schröder, T. Schum, H. Stadie, G. Steinbrück, J. Thomsen, C. Barth, J. Berger, T. Chwalek, W. De Boer, A. Dierlamm, G. Dirkes, M. Feindt, J. Gruschke, M. Guthoff, C. Hackstein, F. Hartmann, M. Heinrich, H. Held, K. H. Hoffmann, S. Honc, I. Katkov, J. R. Komaragiri, T. Kuhr, D. Martschei, S. Mueller, Th. Müller, M. Niegel, A. Nürnberg, O. Oberst, A. Oehler, J. Ott, T. Peiffer, G. Quast, K. Rabbertz, F. Ratnikov, N. Ratnikova, M. Renz, S. Röcker, C. Saout, A. Scheurer, P. Schieferdecker, F.-P. Schilling, M. Schmanau, G. Schott, H. J. Simonis, F. M. Stober, D. Troendle, J. Wagner-Kuhr, T. Weiler, M. Zeise, E. B. Ziebarth, G. Daskalakis, T. Geralis, S. Kesisoglou, A. Kyriakis, D. Loukas, I. Manolakos, A. Markou, C. Markou, C. Mavrommatis, E. Ntomari, L. Gouskos, T. J. Mertzimekis, A. Panagiotou, N. Saoulidou, E. Stiliaris, I. Evangelou, C. Foudas, P. Kokkas, N. Manthos, I. Papadopoulos, V. Patras, F. A. Triantis, A. Aranyi, G. Bencze, L. Boldizsar, C. Hajdu, P. Hidas, D. Horvath, A. Kapusi, K. Krajczar, F. Sikler, V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi, N. Beni, J. Molnar, J. Palinkas, Z. Szillasi, J. Karancsi, P. Raics, Z. L. Trocsanyi, B. Ujvari, S. B. Beri, V. Bhatnagar, N. Dhingra, R. Gupta, M. Jindal, M. Kaur, J. M. Kohli, M. Z. Mehta, N. Nishu, L. K. Saini, A. Sharma, A. P. Singh, J. Singh, S. P. Singh, S. Ahuja, B. C. Choudhary, A. Kumar, S. Malhotra, M. Naimuddin, K. Ranjan, V. Sharma, R. K. Shivpuri, S. Banerjee, S. Bhattacharya, S. Dutta, B. Gomber, Sa. Jain, Sh. Jain, R. Khurana, S. Sarkar, R. K. Choudhury, D. Dutta, S. Kailas, V. Kumar, A. K. Mohanty, L. M. Pant, P. Shukla, T. Aziz, S. Ganguly, M. Guchait, A. Gurtu, M. Maity, G. Majumder, K. Mazumdar, G. B. Mohanty, B. Parida, A. Saha, K. Sudhakar, N. Wickramage, S. Dugad, N. K. Mondal, H. Arfaei, H. Bakhshiansohi, S. M. Etesami, A. Fahim, M. Hashemi, H. Hesari, A. Jafari, M. Khakzad, A. Mohammadi, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, S. Paktinat Mehdiabadi, B. Safarzadeh, M. Zeinali, M. Abbrescia, L. Barbone, C. Calabria, S. S. Chhibra, A. Colaleo, D. Creanza, N. De Filippis, M. De Palma, L. Fiore, G. Iaselli, L. Lusito, G. Maggi, M. Maggi, N. Manna, B. Marangelli, S. My, S. Nuzzo, N. Pacifico, A. Pompili, G. Pugliese, F. Romano, G. Selvaggi, L. Silvestris, G. Singh, S. Tupputi, G. Zito, G. Abbiendi, A. C. Benvenuti, D. Bonacorsi, S. Braibant-Giacomelli, L. Brigliadori, P. Capiluppi, A. Castro, F. R. Cavallo, M. Cuffiani, G. M. Dallavalle, F. Fabbri, A. Fanfani, D. Fasanella, P. Giacomelli, C. Grandi, S. Marcellini, G. Masetti, M. Meneghelli, A. Montanari, F. L. Navarria, F. Odorici, A. Perrotta, F. Primavera, A. M. Rossi, T. Rovelli, G. Siroli, R. Travaglini, S. Albergo, G. Cappello, M. Chiorboli, S. Costa, R. Potenza, A. Tricomi, C. Tuve, G. Barbagli, V. Ciulli, C. Civinini, R. D’Alessandro, E. Focardi, S. Frosali, E. Gallo, S. Gonzi, M. Meschini, S. Paoletti, G. Sguazzoni, A. Tropiano, L. Benussi, S. Bianco, S. Colafranceschi, D. Piccolo, P. Fabbricatore, R. Musenich, A. Benaglia, F. De Guio, L. Di Matteo, S. Fiorendi, S. Gennai, A. Ghezzi, S. Malvezzi, R. A. Manzoni, A. Martelli, A. Massironi, D. Menasce, L. Moroni, M. Paganoni, D. Pedrini, S. Ragazzi, N. Redaelli, S. Sala, T. Tabarelli de Fatis, S. Buontempo, C. A. Carrillo Montoya, N. Cavallo, A. De Cosa, O. Dogangun, F. Fabozzi, A. O. M. Iorio, L. Lista, M. Merola, P. Paolucci, P. Azzi, N. Bacchetta, P. Bellan, D. Bisello, A. Branca, R. Carlin, P. Checchia, T. Dorigo, U. Dosselli, F. Gasparini, U. Gasparini, A. Gozzelino, K. Kanishchev, S. Lacaprara, I. Lazzizzera, M. Margoni, M. Mazzucato, A. T. Meneguzzo, M. Nespolo, L. Perrozzi, N. Pozzobon, P. Ronchese, F. Simonetto, E. Torassa, M. Tosi, A. Triossi, S. Vanini, P. Zotto, G. Zumerle, U. Berzano, M. Gabusi, S. P. Ratti, C. Riccardi, P. Torre, P. Vitulo, M. Biasini, G. M. Bilei, B. Caponeri, L. Fanò, P. Lariccia, A. Lucaroni, G. Mantovani, M. Menichelli, A. Nappi, F. Romeo, A. Santocchia, S. Taroni, M. Valdata, P. Azzurri, G. Bagliesi, T. Boccali, G. Broccolo, R. Castaldi, R. T. D’Agnolo, R. Dell’Orso, F. Fiori, L. Foà, A. Giassi, A. Kraan, F. Ligabue, T. Lomtadze, L. Martini, A. Messineo, F. Palla, F. Palmonari, A. Rizzi, A. T. Serban, P. Spagnolo, R. Tenchini, G. Tonelli, A. Venturi, P. G. Verdini, L. Barone, F. Cavallari, D. Del Re, M. Diemoz, C. Fanelli, M. Grassi, E. Longo, P. Meridiani, F. Micheli, S. Nourbakhsh, G. Organtini, F. Pandolfi, R. Paramatti, S. Rahatlou, M. Sigamani, L. Soffi, N. Amapane, R. Arcidiacono, S. Argiro, M. Arneodo, C. Biino, C. Botta, N. Cartiglia, R. Castello, M. Costa, N. Demaria, A. Graziano, C. Mariotti, S. Maselli, E. Migliore, V. Monaco, M. Musich, M. M. Obertino, N. Pastrone, M. Pelliccioni, A. Potenza, A. Romero, M. Ruspa, R. Sacchi, V. Sola, A. Solano, A. Staiano, A. Vilela Pereira, S. Belforte, F. Cossutti, G. Della Ricca, B. Gobbo, M. Marone, D. Montanino, A. Penzo, S. G. Heo, S. K. Nam, S. Chang, J. Chung, D. H. Kim, G. N. Kim, J. E. Kim, D. J. Kong, H. Park, S. R. Ro, D. C. Son, J. Y. Kim, Zero J. Kim, S. Song, H. Y. Jo, S. Choi, D. Gyun, B. Hong, M. Jo, H. Kim, T. J. Kim, K. S. Lee, D. H. Moon, S. K. Park, E. Seo, K. S. Sim, M. Choi, S. Kang, J. H. Kim, C. Park, I. C. Park, S. Park, G. Ryu, Y. Cho, Y. Choi, Y. K. Choi, J. Goh, M. S. Kim, B. Lee, J. Lee, S. Lee, H. Seo, I. Yu, M. J. Bilinskas, I. Grigelionis, M. Janulis, H. Castilla-Valdez, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, I. Heredia-de La Cruz, R. Lopez-Fernandez, R. Magaña Villalba, J. Martínez-Ortega, A. Sánchez-Hernández, L. M. Villasenor-Cendejas, S. Carrillo Moreno, F. Vazquez Valencia, H. A. Salazar Ibarguen, E. Casimiro Linares, A. Morelos Pineda, M. A. Reyes-Santos, D. Krofcheck, A. J. Bell, P. H. Butler, R. Doesburg, S. Reucroft, H. Silverwood, M. Ahmad, M. I. Asghar, H. R. Hoorani, S. Khalid, W. A. Khan, T. Khurshid, S. Qazi, M. A. Shah, M. Shoaib, G. Brona, M. Cwiok, W. Dominik, K. Doroba, A. Kalinowski, M. Konecki, J. Krolikowski, H. Bialkowska, B. Boimska, T. Frueboes, R. Gokieli, M. Górski, M. Kazana, K. Nawrocki, K. Romanowska-Rybinska, M. Szleper, G. Wrochna, P. Zalewski, N. Almeida, P. Bargassa, A. David, P. Faccioli, P. G. Ferreira Parracho, M. Gallinaro, P. Musella, A. Nayak, J. Pela, P. Q. Ribeiro, J. Seixas, J. Varela, P. Vischia, S. Afanasiev, I. Belotelov, P. Bunin, M. Gavrilenko, I. Golutvin, I. Gorbunov, V. Karjavin, V. Konoplyanikov, G. Kozlov, A. Lanev, P. Moisenz, V. Palichik, V. Perelygin, S. Shmatov, V. Smirnov, A. Volodko, A. Zarubin, S. Evstyukhin, V. Golovtsov, Y. Ivanov, V. Kim, P. Levchenko, V. Murzin, V. Oreshkin, I. Smirnov, V. Sulimov, L. Uvarov, S. Vavilov, A. Vorobyev, An. Vorobyev, Yu. Andreev, A. Dermenev, S. Gninenko, N. Golubev, M. Kirsanov, N. Krasnikov, V. Matveev, G. Pivovarov, A. Toropin, S. Troitsky, V. Epshteyn, M. Erofeeva, V. Gavrilov, M. Kossov, A. Krokhotin, N. Lychkovskaya, V. Popov, G. Safronov, S. Semenov, V. Stolin, E. Vlasov, A. Zhokin, A. Belyaev, E. Boos, M. Dubinin, L. Dudko, A. Ershov, L. Khein, O. Kodolova, I. Lokhtin, A. Markina, S. Obraztsov, M. Perfilov, A. Proskuryakov, L. Sarycheva, V. Savrin, A. Snigirev, V. Andreev, M. Azarkin, I. Dremin, M. Kirakosyan, A. Leonidov, G. Mesyats, S. V. Rusakov, A. Vinogradov, I. Azhgirey, I. Bayshev, S. Bitioukov, V. Grishin, V. Kachanov, D. Konstantinov, A. Korablev, V. Krychkine, V. Petrov, R. Ryutin, A. Sobol, L. Tourtchanovitch, S. Troshin, N. Tyurin, A. Uzunian, A. Volkov, P. Adzic, M. Djordjevic, M. Ekmedzic, D. Krpic, J. Milosevic, M. Aguilar-Benitez, J. Alcaraz Maestre, P. Arce, C. Battilana, E. Calvo, M. Cerrada, M. Chamizo Llatas, N. Colino, B. De La Cruz, A. Delgado Peris, C. Diez Pardos, D. Domínguez Vázquez, C. Fernandez Bedoya, J. P. Fernández Ramos, A. Ferrando, J. Flix, M. C. Fouz, P. Garcia-Abia, O. Gonzalez Lopez, S. Goy Lopez, J. M. Hernandez, M. I. Josa, G. Merino, J. Puerta Pelayo, I. Redondo, L. Romero, J. Santaolalla, M. S. Soares, C. Willmott, C. Albajar, G. Codispoti, J. F. de Trocóniz, J. Cuevas, J. Fernandez Menendez, S. Folgueras, I. Gonzalez Caballero, L. Lloret Iglesias, J. Piedra Gomez, J. M. Vizan Garcia, J. A. Brochero Cifuentes, I. J. Cabrillo, A. Calderon, S. H. Chuang, J. Duarte Campderros, M. Felcini, M. Fernandez, G. Gomez, J. Gonzalez Sanchez, C. Jorda, P. Lobelle Pardo, A. Lopez Virto, J. Marco, R. Marco, C. Martinez Rivero, F. Matorras, F. J. Munoz Sanchez, T. Rodrigo, A. Y. Rodríguez-Marrero, A. Ruiz-Jimeno, L. Scodellaro, M. Sobron Sanudo, I. Vila, R. Vilar Cortabitarte, D. Abbaneo, E. Auffray, G. Auzinger, P. Baillon, A. H. Ball, D. Barney, C. Bernet, W. Bialas, G. Bianchi, P. Bloch, A. Bocci, H. Breuker, K. Bunkowski, T. Camporesi, G. Cerminara, T. Christiansen, J. A. Coarasa Perez, B. Curé, D. D’Enterria, A. De Roeck, S. Di Guida, M. Dobson, N. Dupont-Sagorin, A. Elliott-Peisert, B. Frisch, W. Funk, A. 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Contreras-Campana, E. Contreras-Campana, D. Duggan, D. Ferencek, Y. Gershtein, R. Gray, E. Halkiadakis, D. Hidas, D. Hits, A. Lath, S. Panwalkar, M. Park, R. Patel, A. Richards, K. Rose, S. Salur, S. Schnetzer, C. Seitz, S. Somalwar, R. Stone, S. Thomas, G. Cerizza, M. Hollingsworth, S. Spanier, Z. C. Yang, A. York, R. Eusebi, W. Flanagan, J. Gilmore, T. Kamon, V. Khotilovich, R. Montalvo, I. Osipenkov, Y. Pakhotin, A. Perloff, J. Roe, A. Safonov, T. Sakuma, S. Sengupta, I. Suarez, A. Tatarinov, D. Toback, N. Akchurin, C. Bardak, J. Damgov, P. R. Dudero, C. Jeong, K. Kovitanggoon, S. W. Lee, T. Libeiro, P. Mane, Y. Roh, A. Sill, I. Volobouev, R. Wigmans, E. Appelt, E. Brownson, D. Engh, C. Florez, W. Gabella, A. Gurrola, M. Issah, W. Johns, P. Kurt, C. Maguire, A. Melo, P. Sheldon, B. Snook, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska, M. W. Arenton, M. Balazs, S. Boutle, S. Conetti, B. Cox, B. Francis, S. Goadhouse, J. Goodell, R. Hirosky, A. Ledovskoy, C. Lin, C. Neu, J. Wood, R. Yohay, S. Gollapinni, R. Harr, P. E. Karchin, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, P. Lamichhane, M. Mattson, C. Milstène, A. Sakharov, M. Anderson, M. Bachtis, D. Belknap, J. N. Bellinger, J. Bernardini, L. Borrello, D. Carlsmith, M. Cepeda, S. Dasu, J. Efron, E. Friis, L. Gray, K. S. Grogg, M. Grothe, R. Hall-Wilton, M. Herndon, A. Hervé, P. Klabbers, J. Klukas, A. Lanaro, C. Lazaridis, J. Leonard, R. Loveless, A. Mohapatra, I. Ojalvo, G. A. Pierro, I. Ross, A. Savin, W. H. Smith, and J. Swanson
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract A study of dijet production in proton–proton collisions was performed at $\sqrt{s}=7\mbox{~TeV}$ for jets with p T>35 GeV and |y|
Published: 2012
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40. Centrality dependence of dihadron correlations and azimuthal anisotropy harmonics in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 2.76\ \mbox{TeV}$

Author: The CMS Collaboration, S. Chatrchyan, V. Khachatryan, A. M. Sirunyan, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, T. Bergauer, M. Dragicevic, J. Erö, C. Fabjan, M. Friedl, R. Frühwirth, V. M. Ghete, J. Hammer, M. Hoch, N. Hörmann, J. Hrubec, M. Jeitler, W. Kiesenhofer, A. Knapitsch, M. Krammer, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, M. Pernicka, B. Rahbaran, C. Rohringer, H. Rohringer, R. Schöfbeck, J. Strauss, A. Taurok, F. Teischinger, P. Wagner, W. Waltenberger, G. Walzel, E. Widl, C.-E. Wulz, V. Mossolov, N. Shumeiko, J. Suarez Gonzalez, S. Bansal, L. Benucci, T. Cornelis, E. A. De Wolf, X. Janssen, S. Luyckx, T. Maes, L. Mucibello, S. Ochesanu, B. Roland, R. Rougny, M. Selvaggi, H. Van Haevermaet, P. Van Mechelen, N. Van Remortel, A. Van Spilbeeck, F. Blekman, S. Blyweert, J. D’Hondt, R. Gonzalez Suarez, A. Kalogeropoulos, M. Maes, A. Olbrechts, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders, G. P. Van Onsem, I. Villella, O. Charaf, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, V. Dero, A. P. R. Gay, G. H. Hammad, T. Hreus, A. Léonard, P. E. Marage, L. Thomas, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, J. Wickens, V. Adler, K. Beernaert, A. Cimmino, S. Costantini, G. Garcia, M. Grunewald, B. Klein, J. Lellouch, A. Marinov, J. Mccartin, A. A. Ocampo Rios, D. Ryckbosch, N. Strobbe, F. Thyssen, M. Tytgat, L. Vanelderen, P. Verwilligen, S. Walsh, N. Zaganidis, S. Basegmez, G. Bruno, J. Caudron, L. Ceard, J. De Favereau De Jeneret, C. Delaere, T. du Pree, D. Favart, L. Forthomme, A. Giammanco, G. Grégoire, J. Hollar, V. Lemaitre, J. Liao, O. Militaru, C. Nuttens, D. Pagano, A. Pin, K. Piotrzkowski, N. Schul, N. Beliy, T. Caebergs, E. Daubie, G. A. Alves, D. De Jesus Damiao, M. E. Pol, M. H. G. Souza, W. L. Aldá Júnior, W. Carvalho, A. Custódio, E. M. Da Costa, C. De Oliveira Martins, S. Fonseca De Souza, D. Matos Figueiredo, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, V. Oguri, W. L. Prado Da Silva, A. Santoro, S. M. Silva Do Amaral, L. Soares Jorge, A. Sznajder, T. S. Anjos, C. A. Bernardes, F. A. Dias, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E. M. Gregores, C. Lagana, F. 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Horisberger, Q. Ingram, H. C. Kaestli, S. König, D. Kotlinski, U. Langenegger, F. Meier, D. Renker, T. Rohe, J. Sibille, L. Bäni, P. Bortignon, M. A. Buchmann, B. Casal, N. Chanon, Z. Chen, A. Deisher, G. Dissertori, M. Dittmar, M. Dünser, J. Eugster, K. Freudenreich, C. Grab, P. Lecomte, W. Lustermann, P. Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, N. Mohr, F. Moortgat, C. Nägeli, P. Nef, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, L. Pape, F. Pauss, M. Peruzzi, F. J. Ronga, M. Rossini, L. Sala, A. K. Sanchez, M.-C. Sawley, A. Starodumov, B. Stieger, M. Takahashi, L. Tauscher, A. Thea, K. Theofilatos, D. Treille, C. Urscheler, R. Wallny, H. A. Weber, L. Wehrli, J. Weng, E. Aguilo, C. Amsler, V. Chiochia, S. De Visscher, C. Favaro, M. Ivova Rikova, B. Millan Mejias, P. Otiougova, P. Robmann, A. Schmidt, H. Snoek, M. Verzetti, Y. H. Chang, K. H. Chen, C. M. Kuo, S. W. Li, W. Lin, Z. K. Liu, Y. J. Lu, D. Mekterovic, R. Volpe, S. S. Yu, P. Bartalini, P. Chang, Y. W. Chang, Y. Chao, K. F. Chen, C. Dietz, U. Grundler, W.-S. Hou, Y. Hsiung, K. Y. Kao, Y. J. Lei, R.-S. Lu, X. Shi, J. G. Shiu, Y. M. Tzeng, X. Wan, M. Wang, A. Adiguzel, M. N. Bakirci, S. Cerci, C. Dozen, I. Dumanoglu, E. Eskut, S. Girgis, G. Gokbulut, I. Hos, E. E. Kangal, G. Karapinar, A. Kayis Topaksu, G. Onengut, K. Ozdemir, S. Ozturk, A. Polatoz, K. Sogut, D. Sunar Cerci, B. Tali, H. Topakli, D. Uzun, L. N. Vergili, M. Vergili, I. V. Akin, T. Aliev, B. Bilin, S. Bilmis, M. Deniz, H. Gamsizkan, A. M. Guler, K. Ocalan, A. Ozpineci, M. Serin, R. Sever, U. E. Surat, M. Yalvac, E. Yildirim, M. Zeyrek, M. Deliomeroglu, E. Gülmez, B. Isildak, M. Kaya, O. Kaya, S. Ozkorucuklu, N. Sonmez, L. Levchuk, F. Bostock, J. J. Brooke, E. Clement, D. Cussans, H. Flacher, R. Frazier, J. Goldstein, M. Grimes, G. P. Heath, H. F. Heath, L. Kreczko, S. Metson, D. M. Newbold, K. Nirunpong, A. Poll, S. Senkin, V. J. Smith, T. Williams, L. Basso, C. Brew, R. M. Brown, B. Camanzi, D. J. A. Cockerill, J. A. Coughlan, K. Harder, S. Harper, J. Jackson, B. W. Kennedy, E. Olaiya, D. Petyt, B. C. Radburn-Smith, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, I. R. Tomalin, W. J. Womersley, R. Bainbridge, G. Ball, R. Beuselinck, O. Buchmuller, D. Colling, N. Cripps, M. Cutajar, P. Dauncey, G. Davies, M. Della Negra, W. Ferguson, J. Fulcher, D. Futyan, A. Gilbert, A. Guneratne Bryer, G. Hall, Z. Hatherell, J. Hays, G. Iles, M. Jarvis, G. Karapostoli, L. Lyons, A.-M. Magnan, J. Marrouche, B. Mathias, R. Nandi, J. Nash, A. Nikitenko, A. Papageorgiou, M. Pesaresi, K. Petridis, M. Pioppi, D. M. Raymond, S. Rogerson, N. Rompotis, A. Rose, M. J. Ryan, C. Seez, P. Sharp, A. Sparrow, A. Tapper, S. Tourneur, M. Vazquez Acosta, T. Virdee, S. Wakefield, N. Wardle, D. Wardrope, T. Whyntie, M. Barrett, M. Chadwick, J. E. Cole, P. R. Hobson, A. Khan, P. Kyberd, D. Leslie, W. Martin, I. D. Reid, P. Symonds, L. Teodorescu, M. Turner, K. Hatakeyama, H. Liu, T. Scarborough, C. Henderson, A. Avetisyan, T. Bose, E. Carrera Jarrin, C. Fantasia, A. Heister, J. St. John, P. Lawson, D. Lazic, J. Rohlf, D. Sperka, L. Sulak, D. Cutts, A. Ferapontov, U. Heintz, S. Jabeen, G. Kukartsev, G. Landsberg, M. Luk, M. Narain, D. Nguyen, M. Segala, T. Sinthuprasith, T. Speer, K. V. Tsang, R. Breedon, G. Breto, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, M. Caulfield, S. Chauhan, M. Chertok, J. Conway, R. Conway, P. T. Cox, J. Dolen, R. Erbacher, M. Gardner, R. Houtz, W. Ko, A. Kopecky, R. Lander, O. Mall, T. Miceli, R. Nelson, D. Pellett, J. Robles, B. Rutherford, M. Searle, J. Smith, M. Squires, M. Tripathi, R. Vasquez Sierra, K. Arisaka, D. Cline, R. Cousins, J. Duris, S. Erhan, P. Everaerts, C. Farrell, J. Hauser, M. Ignatenko, C. Jarvis, C. Plager, G. Rakness, P. Schlein, J. Tucker, V. Valuev, J. Babb, R. Clare, J. Ellison, J. W. Gary, F. Giordano, G. Hanson, G. Y. Jeng, O. R. Long, A. Luthra, H. Nguyen, S. Paramesvaran, J. Sturdy, S. Sumowidagdo, R. Wilken, S. Wimpenny, W. Andrews, J. G. Branson, G. B. Cerati, S. Cittolin, D. Evans, F. Golf, A. Holzner, R. Kelley, M. Lebourgeois, J. Letts, I. Macneill, B. Mangano, S. Padhi, C. Palmer, G. Petrucciani, H. Pi, M. Pieri, R. Ranieri, M. Sani, I. Sfiligoi, S. Simon, E. Sudano, M. Tadel, Y. Tu, A. Vartak, S. Wasserbaech, F. Würthwein, A. Yagil, J. Yoo, D. Barge, R. Bellan, C. Campagnari, M. D’Alfonso, T. Danielson, K. Flowers, P. Geffert, C. George, J. Incandela, C. Justus, P. Kalavase, S. A. Koay, D. Kovalskyi, V. Krutelyov, S. Lowette, N. Mccoll, S. D. Mullin, V. Pavlunin, F. Rebassoo, J. Ribnik, J. Richman, R. Rossin, D. Stuart, W. To, J. R. Vlimant, C. West, A. Apresyan, A. Bornheim, J. Bunn, Y. Chen, E. Di Marco, J. Duarte, M. Gataullin, Y. Ma, A. Mott, H. B. Newman, C. Rogan, V. Timciuc, P. Traczyk, J. Veverka, R. Wilkinson, Y. Yang, R. Y. Zhu, B. Akgun, R. Carroll, T. Ferguson, Y. Iiyama, D. W. Jang, S. Y. Jun, Y. F. Liu, M. Paulini, J. Russ, H. Vogel, I. Vorobiev, J. P. Cumalat, M. E. Dinardo, B. R. Drell, C. J. Edelmaier, W. T. Ford, A. Gaz, B. Heyburn, E. Luiggi Lopez, U. Nauenberg, J. G. Smith, K. Stenson, K. A. Ulmer, S. R. Wagner, S. L. Zang, L. Agostino, J. Alexander, A. Chatterjee, N. Eggert, L. K. Gibbons, B. Heltsley, W. Hopkins, A. Khukhunaishvili, B. Kreis, N. Mirman, G. Nicolas Kaufman, J. R. Patterson, D. Puigh, A. Ryd, E. Salvati, W. Sun, W. D. Teo, J. Thom, J. Thompson, J. Vaughan, Y. Weng, L. Winstrom, P. Wittich, A. Biselli, G. Cirino, D. Winn, S. Abdullin, M. Albrow, J. Anderson, G. Apollinari, M. Atac, J. A. Bakken, L. A. T. Bauerdick, A. Beretvas, J. Berryhill, P. C. Bhat, I. Bloch, K. Burkett, J. N. Butler, V. Chetluru, H. W. K. Cheung, F. Chlebana, S. Cihangir, W. Cooper, D. P. Eartly, V. D. Elvira, S. Esen, I. Fisk, J. Freeman, Y. Gao, E. Gottschalk, D. Green, O. Gutsche, J. Hanlon, R. M. Harris, J. Hirschauer, B. Hooberman, H. Jensen, S. Jindariani, M. Johnson, U. Joshi, B. Klima, S. Kunori, S. Kwan, C. Leonidopoulos, D. Lincoln, R. Lipton, J. Lykken, K. Maeshima, J. M. Marraffino, S. Maruyama, D. Mason, P. McBride, T. Miao, K. Mishra, S. Mrenna, Y. Musienko, C. Newman-Holmes, V. O’Dell, J. Pivarski, R. Pordes, O. Prokofyev, T. Schwarz, E. Sexton-Kennedy, S. Sharma, W. J. Spalding, L. Spiegel, P. Tan, L. Taylor, S. Tkaczyk, L. Uplegger, E. W. Vaandering, R. Vidal, J. Whitmore, W. Wu, F. Yang, F. Yumiceva, J. C. Yun, D. Acosta, P. Avery, D. Bourilkov, M. Chen, S. Das, M. De Gruttola, G. P. Di Giovanni, D. Dobur, A. Drozdetskiy, R. D. Field, M. Fisher, Y. Fu, I. K. Furic, J. Gartner, S. Goldberg, J. Hugon, B. Kim, J. Konigsberg, A. Korytov, A. Kropivnitskaya, T. Kypreos, J. F. Low, K. Matchev, P. Milenovic, G. Mitselmakher, L. Muniz, M. Park, R. Remington, A. Rinkevicius, M. Schmitt, B. Scurlock, P. Sellers, N. Skhirtladze, M. Snowball, D. Wang, J. Yelton, M. Zakaria, V. Gaultney, L. M. Lebolo, S. Linn, P. Markowitz, G. Martinez, J. L. Rodriguez, T. Adams, A. Askew, J. Bochenek, J. Chen, B. Diamond, S. V. Gleyzer, J. Haas, S. Hagopian, V. Hagopian, M. Jenkins, K. F. Johnson, H. Prosper, S. Sekmen, V. Veeraraghavan, M. Weinberg, M. M. Baarmand, B. Dorney, M. Hohlmann, H. Kalakhety, I. Vodopiyanov, M. R. Adams, I. M. Anghel, L. Apanasevich, Y. Bai, V. E. Bazterra, R. R. Betts, J. Callner, R. Cavanaugh, C. Dragoiu, L. Gauthier, C. E. Gerber, D. J. Hofman, S. Khalatyan, G. J. Kunde, F. Lacroix, M. Malek, C. O’Brien, C. Silkworth, C. Silvestre, D. Strom, N. Varelas, U. Akgun, E. A. Albayrak, B. Bilki, W. Clarida, F. Duru, S. Griffiths, C. K. Lae, E. McCliment, J.-P. Merlo, H. Mermerkaya, A. Mestvirishvili, A. Moeller, J. Nachtman, C. R. Newsom, E. Norbeck, J. Olson, Y. Onel, F. Ozok, S. Sen, E. Tiras, J. Wetzel, T. Yetkin, K. Yi, B. A. Barnett, B. Blumenfeld, S. Bolognesi, A. Bonato, C. Eskew, D. Fehling, G. Giurgiu, A. V. Gritsan, Z. J. Guo, G. Hu, P. Maksimovic, S. Rappoccio, M. Swartz, N. V. Tran, A. Whitbeck, P. Baringer, A. Bean, G. Benelli, O. Grachov, R. P. Kenny Iii, M. Murray, D. Noonan, S. Sanders, R. Stringer, G. Tinti, J. S. Wood, V. Zhukova, A. F. Barfuss, T. Bolton, I. Chakaberia, A. Ivanov, M. Makouski, Y. Maravin, S. Shrestha, I. Svintradze, J. Gronberg, D. Lange, D. Wright, A. Baden, M. Boutemeur, B. Calvert, S. C. Eno, J. A. Gomez, N. J. Hadley, R. G. Kellogg, M. Kirn, T. Kolberg, Y. Lu, A. C. Mignerey, A. Peterman, K. Rossato, P. Rumerio, A. Skuja, J. Temple, M. B. Tonjes, S. C. Tonwar, E. Twedt, B. Alver, G. Bauer, J. Bendavid, W. Busza, E. Butz, I. A. Cali, M. Chan, V. Dutta, G. Gomez Ceballos, M. Goncharov, K. A. Hahn, P. Harris, Y. Kim, M. Klute, Y.-J. Lee, P. D. Luckey, T. Ma, S. Nahn, C. Paus, D. Ralph, C. Roland, G. Roland, M. Rudolph, G. S. F. Stephans, F. Stöckli, K. Sumorok, K. Sung, D. Velicanu, E. A. Wenger, R. Wolf, B. Wyslouch, S. Xie, M. Yang, Y. Yilmaz, A. S. Yoon, M. Zanetti, S. I. Cooper, P. Cushman, B. Dahmes, A. De Benedetti, G. Franzoni, A. Gude, J. Haupt, S. C. Kao, K. Klapoetke, Y. Kubota, J. Mans, N. Pastika, V. Rekovic, R. Rusack, M. Sasseville, A. Singovsky, N. Tambe, J. Turkewitz, L. M. Cremaldi, R. Godang, R. Kroeger, L. Perera, R. Rahmat, D. A. Sanders, D. Summers, E. Avdeeva, K. Bloom, S. Bose, J. Butt, D. R. Claes, A. Dominguez, M. Eads, P. Jindal, J. Keller, I. Kravchenko, J. Lazo-Flores, H. Malbouisson, S. Malik, G. R. Snow, U. Baur, A. Godshalk, I. Iashvili, A. Kharchilava, S. P. Shipkowski, K. Smith, Z. Wan, G. Alverson, E. Barberis, D. Baumgartel, M. Chasco, D. Trocino, D. Wood, J. Zhang, A. Anastassov, A. Kubik, N. Mucia, N. Odell, R. A. Ofierzynski, B. Pollack, A. Pozdnyakov, S. Stoynev, M. Velasco, S. Won, L. Antonelli, D. Berry, A. Brinkerhoff, M. Hildreth, C. Jessop, D. J. Karmgard, J. Kolb, K. Lannon, W. Luo, S. Lynch, N. Marinelli, D. M. Morse, T. Pearson, R. Ruchti, J. Slaunwhite, N. Valls, M. Wayne, M. Wolf, J. Ziegler, B. Bylsma, L. S. Durkin, C. Hill, P. Killewald, K. Kotov, T. Y. Ling, M. Rodenburg, C. Vuosalo, G. Williams, N. Adam, E. Berry, P. Elmer, D. Gerbaudo, V. Halyo, P. Hebda, J. Hegeman, A. Hunt, E. Laird, D. Lopes Pegna, P. Lujan, D. Marlow, T. Medvedeva, M. Mooney, J. Olsen, P. Piroué, X. Quan, A. Raval, H. Saka, D. Stickland, C. Tully, J. S. Werner, A. Zuranski, J. G. Acosta, X. T. Huang, A. Lopez, H. Mendez, S. Oliveros, J. E. Ramirez Vargas, A. Zatserklyaniy, E. Alagoz, V. E. Barnes, D. Benedetti, G. Bolla, L. Borrello, D. Bortoletto, M. De Mattia, A. Everett, L. Gutay, Z. Hu, M. Jones, O. Koybasi, M. Kress, A. T. Laasanen, N. Leonardo, V. Maroussov, P. Merkel, D. H. Miller, N. Neumeister, I. Shipsey, D. Silvers, A. Svyatkovskiy, M. Vidal Marono, H. D. Yoo, J. Zablocki, Y. Zheng, S. Guragain, N. Parashar, A. Adair, C. Boulahouache, V. Cuplov, K. M. Ecklund, F. J. M. Geurts, B. P. Padley, R. Redjimi, J. Roberts, J. Zabel, B. Betchart, A. Bodek, Y. S. Chung, R. Covarelli, P. de Barbaro, R. Demina, Y. Eshaq, A. Garcia-Bellido, P. Goldenzweig, Y. Gotra, J. Han, A. Harel, D. C. Miner, G. Petrillo, W. Sakumoto, D. Vishnevskiy, M. Zielinski, A. Bhatti, R. Ciesielski, L. Demortier, K. Goulianos, G. Lungu, C. Mesropian, S. Arora, O. Atramentov, A. Barker, J. P. Chou, C. Contreras-Campana, E. Contreras-Campana, D. Duggan, D. Ferencek, Y. Gershtein, R. Gray, E. Halkiadakis, D. Hidas, D. Hits, A. Lath, S. Panwalkar, R. Patel, A. Richards, K. Rose, S. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, R. Stone, S. Thomas, G. Cerizza, M. Hollingsworth, S. Spanier, Z. C. Yang, A. York, R. Eusebi, W. Flanagan, J. Gilmore, T. Kamon, V. Khotilovich, R. Montalvo, I. Osipenkov, Y. Pakhotin, A. Perloff, J. Roe, A. Safonov, T. Sakuma, S. Sengupta, I. Suarez, A. Tatarinov, D. Toback, N. Akchurin, C. Bardak, J. Damgov, P. R. Dudero, C. Jeong, K. Kovitanggoon, S. W. Lee, T. Libeiro, P. Mane, Y. Roh, A. Sill, I. Volobouev, R. Wigmans, E. Yazgan, E. Appelt, E. Brownson, D. Engh, C. Florez, W. Gabella, A. Gurrola, M. Issah, W. Johns, C. Johnston, P. Kurt, C. Maguire, A. Melo, P. Sheldon, B. Snook, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska, M. W. Arenton, M. Balazs, S. Boutle, S. Conetti, B. Cox, B. Francis, S. Goadhouse, J. Goodell, R. Hirosky, A. Ledovskoy, C. Lin, C. Neu, J. Wood, R. Yohay, S. Gollapinni, R. Harr, P. E. Karchin, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, P. Lamichhane, M. Mattson, C. Milstène, A. Sakharov, M. Anderson, M. Bachtis, D. Belknap, J. N. Bellinger, J. Bernardini, D. Carlsmith, M. Cepeda, S. Dasu, J. Efron, E. Friis, L. Gray, K. S. Grogg, M. Grothe, R. Hall-Wilton, M. Herndon, A. Hervé, P. Klabbers, J. Klukas, A. Lanaro, C. Lazaridis, J. Leonard, R. Loveless, A. Mohapatra, I. Ojalvo, G. A. Pierro, I. Ross, A. Savin, W. H. Smith, and J. Swanson
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract Measurements from the CMS experiment at the LHC of dihadron correlations for charged particles produced in PbPb collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV are presented. The results are reported as a function of the particle transverse momenta (p T) and collision centrality over a broad range in relative pseudorapidity (Δη) and the full range of relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ). The observed two-dimensional correlation structure in Δη and Δϕ is characterised by a narrow peak at (Δη,Δϕ)≈(0,0) from jet-like correlations and a long-range structure that persists up to at least |Δη|=4. An enhancement of the magnitude of the short-range jet peak is observed with increasing centrality, especially for particles of p T around 1–2 GeV/c. The long-range azimuthal dihadron correlations are extensively studied using a Fourier decomposition analysis. The extracted Fourier coefficients are found to factorise into a product of single-particle azimuthal anisotropies up to p T≈3–3.5 GeV/c for at least one particle from each pair, except for the second-order harmonics in the most central PbPb events. Various orders of the single-particle azimuthal anisotropy harmonics are extracted for associated particle p T of 1–3 GeV/c, as a function of the trigger particle p T up to 20 GeV/c and over the full centrality range.
Published: 2012
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41. Pressurized rf cavities in ionizing beams

Author: B. Freemire, A. V. Tollestrup, K. Yonehara, M. Chung, Y. Torun, R. P. Johnson, G. Flanagan, P. M. Hanlet, M. G. Collura, M. R. Jana, M. Leonova, A. Moretti, and T. Schwarz
Subjects: Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: A muon collider or Higgs factory requires significant reduction of the six dimensional emittance of the beam prior to acceleration. One method to accomplish this involves building a cooling channel using high pressure gas filled radio frequency cavities. The performance of such a cavity when subjected to an intense particle beam must be investigated before this technology can be validated. To this end, a high pressure gas filled radio frequency (rf) test cell was built and placed in a 400 MeV beam line from the Fermilab linac to study the plasma evolution and its effect on the cavity. Hydrogen, deuterium, helium and nitrogen gases were studied. Additionally, sulfur hexafluoride and dry air were used as dopants to aid in the removal of plasma electrons. Measurements were made using a variety of beam intensities, gas pressures, dopant concentrations, and cavity rf electric fields, both with and without a 3 T external solenoidal magnetic field. Energy dissipation per electron-ion pair, electron-ion recombination rates, ion-ion recombination rates, and electron attachment times to SF_{6} and O_{2} were measured.
Published: 2016
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42. In-Lab Performance Analysis of a 5G Non-Terrestrial Network using OpenAirInterface.

Author: Florian Völk, Robert T. Schwarz, and Andreas Knopp
Published: 2023
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43. Navel - a social robot with verbal and nonverbal communication skills.

Author: Claude Toussaint, Philipp T. Schwarz, and Markus Petermann
Published: 2023
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44. Unveiling the radiation-induced defect production and damage evolution in tungsten using multi-energy Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy in channeling configuration

Author: Markelj, S., Jin, X., Djurabekova, F., Zavašnik, J., Punzón-Quijorna, E., Selinger, T. Schwarz, Crespillo, M.L., López, G. García, Granberg, F., Lu, E., Nordlund, K., Šestan, A., and Kelemen, M.
Published: 2024
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45. OpenAirInterface as a platform for 5G-NTN Research and Experimentation.

Author: Sumit Kumar 0001, Ashish Kumar Meshram, Abdelrahman Astro, Jorge Querol, Thomas Schlichter, Guido Casati, Thomas Heyn, Florian Völk, Robert T. Schwarz, Andreas Knopp, Paulo Marques 0002, Luis Pereira, Roberto Magueta, Adam Kapovits, and Florian Kaltenberger
Published: 2022
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46. Towards a space based infrastructure for 5G and beyond 5G networks.

Author: Anastasius Gavras, Helmut W. Zaglauer, Jörg Pfeifle, Maria Guta, Thomas Heyn, Alexander Hofmann, Leo Frank, Florian Völk, Robert T. Schwarz, Adam Kapovits, Ananya Chowdhury, and Marius Iulian Corici
Published: 2022
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47. Multi-Antenna-Enabled 6G Satellite Systems: Roadmap, Challenges and Opportunities.

Author: Thomas Delamotte, Matthias G. Schraml, Robert T. Schwarz, Kai-Uwe Storek, and Andreas Knopp
Published: 2021

48. MIMO Throughput Performance Analysis in LEO Communication Scenario.

Author: Hlib Cheporniuk, Robert T. Schwarz, Thomas Delamotte, and Andreas Knopp
Published: 2021
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49. Multi-User MIMO Satellite Communications for Aviation Networks.

Author: Florian Völk, Robert T. Schwarz, and Andreas Knopp
Published: 2021
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50. Multi-Satellite Multi-User MIMO Precoding: Testbed and Field Trial.

Author: Kai-Uwe Storek, Robert T. Schwarz, and Andreas Knopp
Published: 2020
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