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Background The efficacy and safety of lenvatinib (LEN) are unknown in cases that were excluded in the phase III trial (REFLECT trial) of LEN, including those who experienced tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) before LEN. In addition, no evidence has been established for early introduction of molecular targeted therapy in BCLC stage B patients. Therefore, we verified the efficacy and safety in the patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria of REFLECT trial and those who were BCLC Stage B. Methods A total of 203 patients received LEN from March 2018 to January 2019 at 21 sites in Japanese Red Cross Study Liver Group were registered. 128 cases out of REFLECT trial criteria and 74 cases of BCLC Stage B were retrospectively investigated. Tumors assessments in accordance with modified RECIST were done using dynamic CT and/or MRI. Results 128 of 203 (63%) patients did not meet the inclusion criteria of the REFLECT trial. These cases included 69 receiving TKI therapy before LEN. The ORR and DCR in TKI naive were 45% and 84%, respectively, and were 29% and 81% in TKI experienced (p = 0.072, p = 0.671). The OS between TKI naive and experienced patients was not significantly different (p = 0.618), even though baseline albumin level and ALBI score were significantly lower in TKI experienced patients than TKI naive (p = 0.001 and 0.005). 74 cases of BCLC Stage B included 57 with TACE history, 8 without, and 9 cases unknown. Although there was no difference between two groups in the baseline Child-Pugh score, ALBI score and AFP value, patients with TACE less than 6 times (n = 53) before LEN was significantly better in OS than those with TACE of 6 times or more (n = 12) (p = 0.025). Conclusions Also in TKI experienced which was excluded from the REFLECT trial, ORR, DCR and OS did not differ from TKI naive, and LEN may be useful as TKI 2nd line and 3rd line. In BCLC Stage B patients, TACE group less than 6 times has a better prognosis after LEN treatment compared with group more than 6 times, and an early introduction of LEN for multiple TACE cases may contribute to life prognosis improvement is there. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Adiponectin and leptin, polypeptide hormones produced by adipocytes, have recently been reported to be associated with prostate cancer risk, though, the relationship remains poorly understood. We examined the association of adiponectin and leptin levels in serum with prostate cancer risk after adjustments for age, obesity-related factors, and prostate cancer risk.Fifty-four prostate cancer patients and 70 control subjects provided blood sampled between 2008 and 2009. Using those, we determined serum adiponectin and leptin levels, and evaluated their relationships with prostate cancer risk after adjustments for age, obesity-related factors (body weight, body mass index, waist circumference), and prostate volume. Adipokine densities were calculated by dividing serum level with prostate volume.There were no differences for median serum adiponectin and leptin levels between the prostate cancer and benign control groups (P=0.22 and 0.78, respectively). Patients with levels of both adipokines in the highest quartile after adjustment for age had significantly higher risks of prostate cancer (adiponectin: odds ratio [OR] 2.79, P=0.014; leptin: OR 2.72, P=0.027). Patients with an adiponectin level greater than the median after adjustment for body weight also had a significantly elevated risk of prostate cancer (OR 2.22, P=0.031), whereas, those with a leptin level significantly greater than the median had a significantly lower risk (OR 0.46, P=0.027). Furthermore, median adiponectin density was significantly higher in the prostate cancer group than the benign group (P=0.0033).Serum adiponectin and leptin levels are useful markers for prostate cancer risk after adjustments for age, obesity-related factors, and prostate volume.

We present our clinical findings of laparoscopic nephropexy performed on a 32-year-old woman with symptomatic nephroptosis. Supine and erect excretory urography (DIP) revealed right renal descent of 2.5 vertebral bodies with hydronephrosis. Laparoscopic transperitoneal nephropexy was performed using nonabsorbable sutures, polyglactin net, hernial staplers and tissue adhesive. An upright DIP 1 month postoperatively revealed renal descent of only 1 vertebral body and no hydronephrosis. One year postoperatively, the patient is asymptomatic. A laparoscopic procedure, which is safe, effective and causes minimal morbidity, represents an excellent approach for repair of symptomatic nephroptosis.

Volume-weighted mean nuclear volume (MNV) has been reported to have important prognostic value in many cancers. We investigated the prognostic value of MNV in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A retrospective study of the 155 patients with RCC treated by radical nephrectomy between 1976 and 1996 was conducted. MNV was evaluated in the surgical specimens using a stereologic technique. Univariate analyses by the log-rank test and then a multivariate analysis by the Cox proportional hazards model were performed to analyze the prognostic value of histopathologic parameters such as Robson stage, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification, tumor grade, and MNV. There were significant correlations between MNV and Robson stage, TNM classification and tumor grade. Robson stage, TNM classification, tumor grade, and MNV were correlated significantly with disease-specific survival of RCC patients. There was no significant difference in disease-specific survival between patients with Grade 1 and Grade 2 tumors (94.8% of all patients), but MNV could predict the clinical outcome of these groups. MNV also was correlated significantly with disease-specific survival at all tumor stages. Multivariate analysis showed pT classification, M classification, tumor grade, and MNV to be independently associated with survival. These studies strongly suggest that MNV may provide new and useful information to accurately predict the prognosis of patients with RCC.

We report a case of bilateral breast metastases from prostatic carcinoma. A 49-year-old man with stage D2 prostate cancer, who had been treated by chemoendocrine therapy and radiotherapy for 2 years, complained of bilateral enlarged breasts. Oral administration of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate was started 2 months before the onset of this symptom. A firm mass that was not tender was palpable beneath the skin without fixation on each side. A needle biopsy of the masses showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with positive immunohistopathological staining for prostate-specific antigen. The masses were diagnosed as metastatic adenocarcinoma of prostate gland origin. The patient died 3 months after the diagnosis of breast metastases. Autopsy revealed diffuse lymphogenous metastatic disease. Metastatic prostatic carcinoma to the breast is uncommon. Breast metastases in this patient might be associated with diffuse lymphogenous metastases as well as increased local blood and lymphatic supply caused by extrinsic estrogens.

Thermal Spray Coatings were prepared by the electrothermal explosions of ceramic powders caused by high-voltage electrical breakdown and large-current Joule heating. The powders of tantalum carbide, tungsten carbide and titanium carbide were sprayed without any additives. Even these hard-sintered materials could be densely deposited to form their coatings on metal substrates. The deposits ranged several tens tm in thickness. The Vickers microhardness of the coatings was much closer to those of the ceramics. This new spray technique employed a powder container which was especially designed in order to heat effectively the powder up to its melting point. The increase of tensile strength of the powder container enhanced the heating of the ceramic particles and jetting of them from the container. Thus the mixing of the sprayed ceramics with the substrate surfaces was obtained in the range of a few tens ìm. However, the decarburization of the TaC and TiC powders were caused under the spraying, followed by the change of lattice constants. The deposition of WC coating resulted in phase change due to the decarburization.

A 58-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of pain and marked swelling of scrotum and perineum. Physical and radiological examinations revealed gas-producing gangrenous changes involving the scrotum. Debridement was urgently carried out. Following the debridement under control of diabetes mellitus, antimicrobial agents and argatroban, a newly synthesized antithrombin medicine, were administered. Argatroban was used for the purpose of improving vascular insufficiency. Healthy granulation tissue was present five weeks later. Then surgical closure was carried out. Computed tomography was useful to make early diagnosis, and argatroban was thought to accelerate healing of the gangrene.

CT and MR imaging findings were reviewed in four cases of acquired cholesteatoma of the middle ear that extended medially into the petrous apex and middle cranial fossa. In one case the lesion further extended anteromedially into the sphenoid sinus. CT demonstrated the lesions as nonenhancing hypodense masses with bone destruction, extending medially from the middle ear cavity to the petrous apex region. On MR imaging, the lesion was slightly hypointense relative to brain on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. MR imaging clearly delineated the extraaxial location of the lesion and associated brain displacement. The medial extension of the cholesteatomas seems to have proceeded via a detour around the bony labyrinth into the petrous apex region by following normal pathways of temporal bone pneumatization.

This paper describes the first research prototype of color in-plane electrophoretic display. Characteristic of optical performance is improved by incorporating an anisotropic scattering layer instead of an isotropic scattering layer. The reflectance of a white state is 35% at an illumination angle of 30° and a detector angle of 0° to the surface normal. The color coordinate does not change very much differently from the reflective LCD while changing an illumination angle from 70° to 30°.

We calculate the electrical resistivity of the heavy f-electron by the scattering of the s conduction electron, and show that it has a larger contribution than that of the s-electron by the f-electron and is proportional to T2 near T=0, T1−(g+K) for T>Tcoh, and T−(g+K) for T⪢Tcoh.

Das Auftreten toxischer Schaden am akustischen System — zentral wie peripher —, durch Streptomycinsulfat in 20facher therapeutischer Dosis verursacht, kann im Tierexperiment durch Losung des Streptomycins in Ozothin weitgehend gemindert und bei vorheriger i. m. Injektion von Ozothin sogar verhutet werden. Bei dem wesentlich ototoxischeren Neomycinsulfat kann durch Ozothin eine weitgehende, signifikante Minderung der ototoxischen Wirkung erreicht werden. Die „in vivo-Versuche” an mit drei Infektionsarten infizierten Mausen beweisen, das das Ozothin im Vergleich zum Aqua bidest. die biologische Aktivitat des Streptomycinsulfats weder abschwacht, noch verstarkt, also nicht beeinflust. Somit zeigen these Untersuchungsergebnisse eindeutig, das in der Klinik bei einer notwendigen Behandlung mit basischen Streptomyces-Antibiotica die Zugabe von Ozothin eine Verhutung ototoxischer Schaden ermoglichen und sogar eine Erhohung der Streptomycindosen — unter strenger audiologischer Kontrolle — wahrscheinlich werden lassen kann.

Die Mittelung zentraler akustischer Reizantworten aus dem EEG des wachen Menschen mit Computern zum. Zwecke der „Objektiven Audiometric” ergibt bei exakter Methodik eine sehr geringe Streubreite dieser akustischen Reizantworten beim normalhorenden Menschen. Die Fehlermoglichkeiten dieser Methodik werden ausfuhrlich dargestellt. Es wurde der Beweis erbracht, das signifikante Untersehiede im Cerebro-Audiogramm (CAG) bei Schwerhorigen im Vergleich zur Norm objektiv zu erfassen sind. Durch Aufstellen der Intensitats-funktionen, wie sie psychoakustisch von Stevens gewonnen wurden, konnen an Hand der „Reizstarken-Erregungs-Kennlinien” die Horschwelle, Adaptation und Lautheitsempfindungen (Hyperakusis, Recruitment usw.) beim horgeschadigten Menschen objektiv erfast und quantitativ beurteilt werden. Die Ergebnisse und Probleme der „Objektiven Audiometrie” bei Kindern werden dargestellt.

Homolateral efferent influence: An isolated, histologically verified damage of the nucleus cochlearis (degeneration of the ganglion cells) of guinea pigs, quantitatively dependent on an increased dose of Gentamicinsulfate, causes — if effected by ipsilateral acoustic stimulation — a significant diminution of the “slow evoked potentials” of the acoustic cortex and an increase of the “compound action potentials” of the acoustic nerve. By giving higher doses of Gentamicinsulfate, histologically a greater damage to the central auditory pathways and only a little damage of the hair cells of the organ of Corti was to be found and thereby we registered greater diminution of the “slow evoked potentials” of the acoustic cortex and little decrease of the “cochlear microphonics”, but further increase of the “compound action potentials” of the acoustic nerve. The loss of inhibition of the central auditory pathways of the cochlea only influenced the “compound action potentials” of the acoustic nerve, but not the “coch...

Based on the correlation of LM, EM and IF findings of kidney biopsy tissues with the clinical and laboratory findings as well as renal function, classification of primary GN is proposed with special reference to the smouldering and progressive forms of chronic GN. The two forms of chronic GN should be differentiated because their prognoses are different.

Due to the gradual increase in standard of living and the development of health and welfare services, man has succeeded in decreasing the death rate for all age groups with the consequent prolongation of the lifespan as a whole. On the other hand, however, the quantitative accumulation of the elderly is causing serious anxiety among all groups of people. Thus, concern about care for the aged is very high. The author is not quite so pessimistic but it is expected that there will be a qualitative improvement in the productive activities of the elderly along with an increased lifespan. Though there is not yet sufficient data to confirm improvement in the physical and mental activities of this segment of Japanese population, there are life table functions related to life expectancy, increase of mortality rate, etc. as qualitative indicators of survival or productive ability for the aged. In Japan prior to World War 2, people between 15-60 were usually regarded as the productive age population. Life expectancy of males at age 60 was 12.6 years in the 6th life tables compiled for 1935-6. The same phenomenon of prolongation of the productive age period was also recognized in connection with other values. If the borderline age dividing productive and nonproductive elderly populations will move toward a higher age in the future, the proportion of nonproductive elderly as a percentage of the total as well as of the productive population will decrease markedly as compared to when the elderly borderline is fixed at the same age. It is advised that new ways be found to allocate the expanded labor force found among this group for providing some necessary services and functions. (author's modified)

FT-207 was administered to 30 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. After FT-207 administration tumor concentration of FT-207 and 5-FU was measured using a chemical assay method. Differences of FT-207 and 5-FU in total doses, administration routes (oral, intrarectal, and intravenous), tumor sites (larynx, maxillary sinus, tongue, neck and hypopharynx), and types of differentiation (well-differentiated, moderately-differentiated, and poorly-differentiated) were studied and the following results were obtained: 1. In FT-207 tumor concentration study, no significant difference was observed in any group. 2. 5-FU tumor concentration increased in higher total administration doses and in advanced differentiated type groups as well as in the non-irradiated group. 3. 5-FU tumor concentration was measured by T/N ratio; oral and intravenous administration methods showed 4.5 (P less than 0.05) and 2.4 (P less than 0.10) respectively. In larynx tumor the highest concentration of 3.9 (P less than 0.05) was obtained among various tumors. The value of 4.0 (P less than 0.05) was yielded in the well-differentiated type, which was significantly higher compared to that of other differentiation types. Overall T/N ratio (5-FU concentration in the tumor/5-FU concentration in the normal tissue) was 2.7 (P less than 0.025).