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1,271 results on '"T. Toyama"'

1. Full-stage precipitation during aging of Cu-0.55Cr-0.07Zr alloy for high heat flux fusion reactor technology

Author

J. Hughes, T. Toyama, M. Gorley, and E. Jimenez-Melero

Subjects
Cu-base alloys, heat treatment, precipitation, microstructure characterization, fusion reactor technology, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract

We have monitored the full-stage precipitate evolution in Cu-0.55Cr-0.07Zr alloy during aging at 480 °C (753 K) up to 14 days (20160 min), using micro-hardness, positron annihilation spectroscopy, electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. Cr-rich precipitates form during the early stages of aging, and after 5.5 min the distribution is characterised by a number density of 8×1023 m-3 and an average precipitate size of 2.5 nm. At that time, Zr segregation is also detected at the precipitate sites. Longer aging times lead to precipitate coarsening, simultaneously with the occurrence of a Zr-rich shell around precipitates potentially to help reduce local coherency strains. Peak aging of the alloy is attained after 120 min of aging, and overaging induces further precipitate coarsening and the transition from spherical to disc-like morphology. At the longest aging time of 14 days, the precipitates maintain a face-centred cubic symmetry, reaching an average size of ∼9 nm at a density of 0.2×1022 m-3. The presence of Zr atoms at the precipitate site and interface, and the disc-like morphology of overaged precipitates, should be considered when assessing the precipitate stability under irradiation and the precipitate/matrix interface as a potential sink for radiation-induced lattice defects.

Published
2022
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2. Nitrogen removal from ammonium-contaminated groundwater using dropping nitrification–cotton-based denitrification reactor

Author

A. K. Maharjan, K. Mori, K. Nishida, and T. Toyama

Subjects
biological process, cotton-based denitrification, dropping nitrification, nh4+-contaminated groundwater, nitrogen removal, Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, TD201-500, River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General), TC401-506
Abstract

A novel dropping nitrification–cotton-based denitrification reactor was developed for total nitrogen (N) removal from ammonium (NH4+)-contaminated groundwater. The nitrogen removal ability of the reactor was evaluated for 91 days. A 1 m-long dropping nitrification unit was fed with synthetic groundwater containing 30 mg-NH4+-N/L at a flow rate of 2.16 L/d. The outlet of the dropping nitrification unit was connected to the cotton-based denitrification unit. The NH4+ present in the groundwater was completely oxidized (>90% nitrification efficiency) by nitrifying bacteria to nitrite (NO2–) and nitrate (NO3–) in the dropping nitrification unit. Subsequently, the generated NO2– and NO3– were denitrified (96%–98% denitrification efficiency) by denitrifying bacteria in the cotton-based denitrification unit under anoxic conditions. Organic carbons released from the cotton presumably acted as electron donors for heterotrophic denitrification. Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria were colonized in higher abundance in the dropping nitrification and cotton-based denitrification units, respectively. The total N removal rate and efficiency of the dropping nitrification–cotton-based denitrification reactor for 91 days were 58.1–66.9 mg-N/d and 96%–98%, respectively. Therefore, the dropping nitrification–cotton-based denitrification reactor will be an efficient, sustainable, and promising option for total N removal from NH4+-contaminated groundwater. HIGHLIGHTS A dropping nitrification–cotton-based denitrification reactor was proposed for N removal.; NH4+ in the groundwater was nitrified to NO3– in dropping nitrification unit.; The generated NO3– was denitrified to N2 in cotton-based denitrification unit.; Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria were colonized in nitrification and denitrification units, respectively.; The reactor achieved 96%–98% total N removal from groundwater.;

Published
2022
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3. Kinetics of deuterium penetration into neutron-irradiated tungsten under exposure to high flux deuterium plasma

Author

M. Yajima, Y. Hatano, N. Ohno, T. Kuwabara, T. Toyama, M. Takagi, and K. Suzuki

Subjects
Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of neutron (n) irradiation on hydrogen isotope transport in tungsten (W). W samples were irradiated with neutrons in a fission reactor and then exposed to high flux deuterium (D) plasma at 563 K in a linear plasma device. The fraction of D release increased with increasing exposure time. In addition, the D retention in n-irradiated W increased in proportion to the square root of the plasma exposure time. These observations were explained by increase in the penetration depth of D with filling up displacement damages acting as strong trapping sites.

Published
2019
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4. Deuterium retention in W and W-Re alloy irradiated with high energy Fe and W ions: Effects of irradiation temperature

Author

Y. Hatano, K. Ami, V.Kh. Alimov, S. Kondo, T. Hinoki, T. Toyama, M. Fukuda, A. Hasegawa, K. Sugiyama, Y. Oya, M. Oyaidzu, and T. Hayashi

Subjects
Tungsten, Tungsten-rhenium alloy, Irradiation, Defect, Trap, Hydrogen, Hydrogen isotope, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

Neutron irradiation to W induces defects acting as traps against hydrogen isotopes and transmutation elements such as Re and Os. To investigate synergetic effects on radiation-induced defects and Re, deuterium (D) retention in W and W–5% Re samples were examined after irradiation with 6.4MeV Fe ions at 523–1273K followed by exposure to D2 gas at 673K. The value of D retention in W–5% Re was lower than that in W by orders of magnitude after the irradiation at high temperatures (≥1073K), while no significant effects of Re addition was observed after irradiation at 523K. Irradiation with 20MeV W ions at room temperature followed by exposure to D plasma at 443–743K also resulted in small difference in D retention between W and W–5% Re samples. The results of positron lifetime measurements showed that the reduced D retention by Re observed after high temperature irradiation was due to suppression of formation of vacancy-type defects (monovacancies and vacancy clusters) by Re.

Published
2016
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5. Annealing effects on deuterium retention behavior in damaged tungsten

Author

S. Sakurada, K. Yuyama, Y. Uemura, H. Fujita, C. Hu, T. Toyama, N. Yoshida, T. Hinoki, S. Kondo, M. Shimada, D. Buchenauer, T. Chikada, and Y. Oya

Subjects
Hydrogen isotopes retention, Heavy-ion irradiation, Annealing, TDS, TEM, PAS, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

Effects of annealing after/under iron (Fe) ion irradiation on deuterium (D) retention behavior in tungsten (W) were studied. The D2 TDS spectra as a function of heating temperature for 0.1dpa damaged W showed that the D retention was clearly decreased as the annealing temperature was increased. In particular, the desorption of D trapped by voids was largely reduced by annealing at 1173K. The TEM observation indicated that the size of dislocation loops was clearly grown, and its density was decreased by the annealing above 573K. After annealing at 1173K, almost all the dislocation loops were recovered. The results of positron annihilation spectroscopy suggested that the density of vacancy-type defects such as voids, was decreased as the annealing temperature was increased, while its size was increased, indicating that the D retention was reduced by the recovery of the voids. Furthermore, it was found that the desorption temperature of D trapped by the voids for damaged W above 0.3dpa was shifted toward higher temperature side. These results lead to a conclusion that the D retention behavior is controlled by defect density. The D retention in the samples annealed during irradiation was less than that annealed after irradiation. This result shows that defects would be quickly annihilated before stabilization by annealing during irradiation.

Published
2016
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7. Electron cloud instability in high intensity proton rings

Author

K. Ohmi, T. Toyama, and C. Ohmori

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

An e^{-}p instability has been observed in some proton rings. The instability, which causes beam loss, limits the performance of the ring. The instability may be serious for 3 and 50 GeV proton storage rings in the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). We study the e^{-}p instability in several high intensity proton storage rings operated in the world. This work informs J-PARC of the necessity to cure the instability, for example, by applying a TiN coating on the chamber surface.

Published
2002
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13. Reliability of J-PARC Accelerator System Over the Past Decade

Author

Yoshishige Yamazaki, Naoki Hayashi, F. Naito, Katsushi Hasegawa, Michikazu Kinsho, Hidetomo Oguri, M. Yoshii, K. Yamamoto, and T. Toyama

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, J-PARC, business, Reliability (statistics), Reliability engineering
Published
2021

14. Endothelial GATA6 Coordinates Cross-Talk Between BMP and Oxidative Stress Axis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Author

Agnieszka P. Looney, Yuanjun Shen, Stefania Lenna, Robert Lafyatis, F. Seta, Tatiana V. Kudryashova, Maria Trojanowska, T. Toyama, T. Avolio, A. Ichihara, Elena A. Goncharova, Dmitry A. Goncharov, and Steven M. Kawut

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, GATA6, Endocrinology, business.industry, Internal medicine, Medicine, business, medicine.disease_cause, Oxidative stress
Published
2020

15. New data acquisition system for beam loss monitor used in J-PARC main ring

Author

M. Sugiyama, K. Satou, J. Matsushita, T. Morino, S. Yoshida, T. Toyama, N. Kamikubota, and T. Wakita

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Signal processing, Frequency response, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Dynamic range, Bandwidth (signal processing), 01 natural sciences, Effective number of bits, Data acquisition, 0103 physical sciences, Wide dynamic range, Electronic engineering, Waveform, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation
Abstract

A new data acquisition system has been developed continually as a part of the development of a new beam loss monitor (BLM) system for the J-PARC main ring. This development includes a newly designed front-end isolation amp that uses photo-couplers and a VME-based new analog-to-digital converter (ADC) system. Compared to the old amp, the new amp has a 10 times higher conversion impedance for the input current to the output voltage; this value is 1 M Ω . Moreover, the bandwidth was improved to from DC to 50 kHz, which is about two orders of magnitude greater than the previously used bandwidth. The theoretical estimations made in this study roughly agree with the frequency response obtained for the new system. The new ADC system uses an on-board field-programmable gate array chip for signal processing. By replacing the firmware of this chip, changes pertaining to future accelerator upgrade plans may be introduced into the new ADC system; in addition, the ADC system can be used in other applications. The sampling speed of the system is 1 MS/s, and it exhibits a 95 dBc spurious-free dynamic range and 16.5 effective number of bits. The obtained waveform and integrated charge data are compared with two reference levels in the ADC system. If the data exceeds the reference level, the system generates an alarm to dump the beams. By using the new data acquisition system, it was proved that the new BLM system shows a wide dynamic range of 160 dB. In this study, the details of the new data acquisition system are described.

Published
2018

16. Down-regulation of the two-component system and cell-wall biosynthesis-related genes was associated with the reversion to daptomycin susceptibility in daptomycin non-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Author

Y. Iwata, K. Satou, H. Tsuzuku, K. Furuichi, Y. Senda, Y. Sakai-Takemori, T. Wada, S. Fujita, T. Miyake, H. Yasuda, N. Sakai, S. Kitajima, T. Toyama, Y. Shinozaki, A. Sagara, T. Miyagawa, A. Hara, M. Shimizu, Y. Kamikawa, and S. Kaneko

Subjects
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Genotype, DNA Mutational Analysis, 030106 microbiology, Mutation, Missense, Reversion, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Daptomycin, Cell Wall, medicine, Humans, Gene, Aged, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, General Medicine, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Phenotype, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Gene expression profiling, Infectious Diseases, Staphylococcus aureus, Female, medicine.drug
Abstract

Daptomycin (DAP) is widely used in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. The emergence of DAP non-susceptible MRSA strains during therapy is a major concern in clinical settings. Recent studies revealed that MRSA spontaneously reverts to a subsequent methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strain. However, it is not clear whether DAP non-susceptible MRSA has the ability to revert to a susceptible strain. We obtained an MRSA strain pair, DAP non-susceptible strain and subsequent DAP susceptible strain, from a patient. To understand the underlying mechanism by which DAP non-susceptible MRSA reverts to a susceptible strain, we performed genetic and phenotypic analysis in the strain pair. Although whole-genome analysis revealed four missense mutations, including L826F in mprF, in both strains, the net cell-surface charge was similar between the DAP non-susceptible and susceptible strains. However, the thickness of the cell wall was higher in the DAP non-susceptible strain, which was decreased to the same level as the control after reversion to the DAP susceptible strain. Moreover, the non-susceptible strain showed higher mRNA expression of the two-component system (TCS), such as VraSR, yycG and GraS, with the up-regulated transcription levels of cell-wall biosynthesis-related genes. The expression levels of those genes were decreased after reversion to the susceptible strain. These results indicated that DAP non-susceptibility due to up-regulation of the TCS and cell-wall biosynthesis-related genes may be reversible by the discontinuation of DAP, leading to reversion to the DAP susceptible phenotype.

Published
2017

17. Evaluation of novel PMTs of worldwide best parameters for the CTA project

Author

Tokonatsu Yamamoto, J. Hose, T. Toyama, D. Müller, Masahiro Teshima, U. Menzel, M. Takahashi, D. Nakajima, and Razmik Mirzoyan

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Dynode, Cherenkov Telescope Array, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Quantum efficiency, Photonics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

Photomultiplier Tubes (PMT) are the most widespread detectors for measuring fast and faint light signals. About six years ago, we started an improvement program for the PMT candidates for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) project in cooperation with the companies Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (Japan) and Electron Tubes Enterprises Ltd. (England). CTA is the next major Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes array for ground-based high energy gamma-ray astrophysics. A total of ∼ 100 telescopes of sizes of 23 m, 12 m and 4 m in diameter will be built in northern and southern hemispheres. For CTA we need PMTs with the highest quantum efficiency and photoelectron collection efficiency, short pulse width of a few ns, low transit time spread and very low afterpulsing. The manufacturers were able to produce 1.5′ PMTs of enhanced peak quantum efficiency of ∼ 40 % . These collect up to 95–98% of photoelectrons onto the first dynode for the wavelengths ≥ 400 nm . A pulse width of ≤ 3 ns has been achieved at the selected operational gain of 40k. The afterpulsing for a threshold of ≥ 4 photoelectrons is dramatically reduced, down to the level of 0.02%. We will report on the measurements of 1.5′ PMTs from Hamamatsu and Electron Tubes Enterprises as candidate PMTs for the CTA project. The novel 1.5′ PMTs have the worldwide best parameters.

Published
2017

18. Pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium paragordonae in a hospital: possible role of the aerator/rectifier connected to the faucet of the water supply system

Author

Chihiro Iwao, A. Yamada, M. Fukuda, I. Takajo, Y. Hirabara, N. Takeda, Y. Nakayama, T. Toyama, Kazumi Umeki, M. Aratake, A. Okayama, and Y. Saeki

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Isolation (health care), Pcr cloning, Water supply, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous, 030501 epidemiology, Pseudo outbreak, Disease Outbreaks, Mycobacterium, 03 medical and health sciences, Tap water, Japan, Water Supply, Medicine, Humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, Cross Infection, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Mycobacterium paragordonae, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, General Medicine, Middle Aged, bacterial infections and mycoses, Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, Emergency medicine, Equipment Contamination, Female, Aeration, 0305 other medical science, business, Water Microbiology
Abstract

Summary Background Pseudo-outbreaks of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in association with the water supply system in hospitals have been previously reported. We found that the frequency of NTM isolation in clinical samples increased after the reconstruction and renovation of a hospital in Japan in 2014. Aim To analyse NTM, their possible relationship with the hospital water supply system, and outcomes of preventive measures. Methods Environmental samples obtained from the water supply in hospital wards were tested for NTM. On obtaining positive results, the bacteria were further analysed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Findings The PCR products of NTM showed that most samples tested positive for Mycobacterium paragordonae. Because none of the analysed patients developed any disease due to these bacteria, this event was considered a pseudo-outbreak. Investigation of the water supply system revealed that samples obtained from the recently attached aerators/rectifiers during hospital renovation tested positive for these bacteria. Therefore, measures to remove aerators/rectifiers and prevent patients from drinking tap water in the hospital were introduced. Thereafter, the frequency of NTM-positive samples significantly decreased in the hospital. Conclusion This study is one of the few reports which reveal the possibility of pseudo-outbreaks of M. paragordonae in hospitals, hence raising the question whether aerators/rectifiers should be used in hospitals at all, because their mesh structure may promote NTM proliferation in supplied water. The importance of surveillance of bacteria derived from the environment, particularly after hospital reconstruction/renovation, is re-emphasized.

Published
2019

19. Studies on Coherent Multi-Bunch Tune Shifts with Different Bunch Spacing at the J-PARC Main Ring

Author

T. Shimogawa, S. Igarashi, Y. Sugiyama, T. Toyama, Y. Sato, M. Yoshii, and A. Kobayashi

Subjects
Physics, History, Proton, MC5: Beam Dynamics and EM Fields, Physics::Accelerator Physics, J-PARC, Atomic physics, Ring (chemistry), Space charge, Electrical impedance, Computer Science Applications, Education, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

At a high-power proton synchrotron, betatron tune shifts induced by space charge effects cause beam loss which limits the beam intensity. To achieve further high beam intensity at the main ring of the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, precise control of the tune shift is indispensable. When carrying out multi-bunch measurements, we observed that the dependence of the tune shift intensity on the number of bunches follow opposite slope trends for the horizontal and vertical directions. The influence of the bunch spacing was also observed. We report on a simplified tune shift model reconstruction for understanding the origin of these phenomena and present a correction of the tune shifts for reducing beam loss up to 30 %., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

Published
2019
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20. J-PARC-HI Collaboration

Author

J.K. Ahn, Y. Akamatsu, M. Asakawa, S. Ashikaga, O. Busch, E. Chishiro, M. Chiu, T. Chujo, P. Cirkovic, T. Csörgő, G. David, D. Devetak, M. Djordjevic, S. Esumi, H. Fujii, K. Fukushima, P. Garg, T. Gunji, T. Hachiya, H. Hamagaki, H. Harada, M. Harada, S. Hasegawa, Y. Hashimoto, T. Hatsuda, N. Hayashi, K. Hirano, T. Hirano, B.S. Hong, H. Hotchi, S.H. Hwang, Y. Ichikawa, T. Ichisawa, K. Imai, M. Inaba, K. Ishii, K. Itakura, T. Ito, J. Kamiya, M. Kaneta, H. Kato, S. Kato, N. Kikuzawa, B.C. Kim, E.J. Kim, T. Kimura, M. Kinsho, R. Kitamura, M. Kitazawa, Y. Kondo, A. Kovalenko, H. Kuboki, Y. Kurimoto, Y. Liu, X. Luo, T. Maruyama, S. Meigo, Y. Miake, A. Miura, T. Miyao, J. Milosevic, D. Mishra, T. Morishita, K. Morita, Y. Morita, K. Moriya, K. Murase, R. Muto, L. Nadjdjerdj, S. Nagamiya, A. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, T. Nakanoya, Y. Nara, M. Naruki, K. Niki, K. Nishio, C. Nonaka, T. Nonaka, M. Ogino, H. Oguri, C. Ohmori, A. Ohnishi, M. Oka, A. Okabe, M. Okamura, K. Oyama, K. Ozawa, P.K. Saha, T.R. Saito, A. Sakaguchi, T. Sakaguchi, S. Sakai, H. Sako, K. Sato, S. Sato, Y. Sato, S. Sawada, T. Shibata, K. Shigaki, S. Shimansky, T. Shimokawa, M. Shimomura, K. Shindo, S. Shinozaki, M. Shirakata, Y. Shobuda, M. Stojanovic, K. Suganuma, H. Sugimura, Y. Sugiyama, H. Takahashi, T. Takayanagi, Y. Takeuchi, F. Tamura, H. Tamura, J. Tamura, K.H. Tanaka, Y. Tanaka, N. Tani, K. Tanida, M. Tomisawa, T. Toyama, Y. Watanabe, N. Xu, K. Yamamoto, M. Yamamoto, S. Yokkaichi, I.K. Yoo, M. Yoshii, and M. Yoshimoto

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Published
2021

21. MAGIC upper limits on the GRB 090102 afterglow

Author

M. Gaug, Elisa Bernardini, Gianluca Giavitto, A. González Muñoz, C. Delgado Mendez, Victor Stamatescu, T. Schweizer, A. De Angelis, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, D. Dominis Prester, Robert Wagner, L. A. Antonelli, Julian Sitarek, Saverio Lombardi, M. L. Knoetig, P. Antoranz, J. Hose, Natalia Lewandowska, T. Toyama, A. Sillanpää, Nikola Godinovic, Takashi Saito, P. Temnikov, Benito Marcote, Abelardo Moralejo, A. La Barbera, Fabrizio Tavecchio, M. V. Fonseca, A. Bouvier, J. Moldón, D. Garrido Terrats, Konstancja Satalecka, Ll. Font, Reiko Orito, Francisco Prada, W. Idec, Julia Thaele, Michele Doro, M. Palatiello, Dario Hrupec, Jelena Aleksić, M. A. Lopez, E. Colombo, P. Da Vela, V. Scalzotto, Dominik Elsaesser, U. Barres de Almeida, A. Niedzwiecki, M. Doert, Damir Lelas, Fabio Zandanel, Ralph Bock, L. O. Takalo, K. Frantzen, Q. Weitzel, Tihomir Surić, M. Uellenbeck, David Paneque, Francesco Dazzi, Patrick Vogler, Hiroyasu Tajima, I. Snidaric, D. Carreto Fidalgo, Ana Babić, Dorota Sobczyńska, G. De Caneva, U. Menzel, M. Salvati, Stefano Ansoldi, S. Rügamer, Juan Abel Barrio, Riccardo Paoletti, Nina Nowak, Diego F. Torres, A. Herrero, Christian Fruck, S. Partini, M. Hayashida, Francesco Longo, E. Lorenz, S. Paiano, Kari Nilsson, Karl Mannheim, Nijil Mankuzhiyil, K. Berger, P. Munar-Adrover, I. Lozano, D. Hadasch, Giacomo Bonnoli, E. Prandini, J. M. Paredes, M. Garczarczyk, Antonio Stamerra, Silvia Preziuso, Marc Ribó, P. G. Prada Moroni, J. Kushida, Aldo Treves, Jose Luis Contreras, J. Krause, B. De Lotto, Masahiro Teshima, O. Tibolla, Juan Cortina, Martin Makariev, Oscar Blanch, Tomislav Terzić, A. Hadamek, J. Storz, Ivica Puljak, Alicia López-Oramas, Pierre Colin, J. Becerra González, Emanuele Paolo Farina, S. Bonnefoy, Aaron Dominguez, Mario Meucci, R. Mirzoyan, D. Eisenacher, E. Carmona, Daniel Ferenc, Thomas Bretz, S. N. Shore, Wlodek Bednarek, Alessandro Carosi, Ruben Lopez-Coto, Felix Spanier, D. Nakajima, C. Schultz, V. Scapin, Jose Miguel Miranda, F. Borracci, Wolfgang Rhode, Ignasi Reichardt, G. Maneva, R. Zanin, A. Saggion, Adrian Biland, J. Rico, R. Reinthal, L. Maraschi, Elina Lindfors, Daniel Mazin, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, Stefano Covino, S. Sun, Massimo Persic, A. Boller, L. Cossio, D. Tescaro, T. Krähenbühl, K. Saito, J. Masbou, M. I. Martínez, V. Kadenius, S. R. Gozzini, J. Rodriguez Garcia, Daniela Dorner, J., Aleksic, S., Ansoldi, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, A., Babic, U. B., de Almeida, J. A., Barrio, J. B., Gonzalez, W., Bednarek, K., Berger, E., Bernardini, A., Biland, O., Blanch, R. K., Bock, A., Boller, S., Bonnefoy, G., Bonnoli, F., Borracci, T., Bretz, E., Carmona, A., Carosi, D. C., Fidalgo, P., Colin, E., Colombo, J. L., Contrera, J., Cortina, L., Cossio, S., Covino, P., Da Vela, F., Dazzi, A., De Angeli, G., De Caneva, B., De Lotto, C. D., Mendez, M., Doert, A., Dominguez, D. D., Prester, D., Dorner, M., Doro, D., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, E., Farina, D., Ferenc, M. V., Fonseca, L., Font, K., Frantzen, C., Fruck, R. J. G., Lopez, M., Garczarczyk, D. G., Terrat, M., Gaug, G., Giavitto, N., Godinovic, A. G., Munoz, S. R., Gozzini, A., Hadamek, D., Hadasch, A., Herrero, J., Hose, D., Hrupec, W., Idec, V., Kadeniu, M. L., Knoetig, T., Krahenbuhl, J., Krause, J., Kushida, A. L., Barbera, D., Lela, N., Lewandowska, E., Lindfor, S., Lombardi, R., Lopez Coto, M., Lopez, A., Lopez Orama, E., Lorenz, I., Lozano, M., Makariev, K., Mallot, G., Maneva, N., Mankuzhiyil, K., Mannheim, L., Maraschi, B., Marcote, M., Mariotti, M., Martinez, J., Masbou, D., Mazin, U., Menzel, M., Meucci, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, J., Moldon, A., Moralejo, P., Munar Adrover, D., Nakajima, A., Niedzwiecki, K., Nilsson, N., Nowak, R., Orito, A., Overkemping, S., Paiano, M., Palatiello, D., Paneque, R., Paoletti, J. M., Parede, S., Partini, M., Persic, F., Prada, P. G. P., Moroni, E., Prandini, S., Preziuso, I., Puljak, I., Reichardt, R., Reinthal, W., Rhode, M., Ribo, J., Rico, J. R., Garcia, S., Rugamer, A., Saggion, K., Saito, T., Saito, M., Salvati, K., Satalecka, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, C., Schultz, T., Schweizer, S. N., Shore, A., Sillanpaa, J., Sitarek, I., Snidaric, D., Sobczynska, F., Spanier, V., Stamatescu, A., Stamerra, J., Storz, S., Sun, T., Suric, L., Takalo, F., Tavecchio, P., Temnikov, T., Terzic, D., Tescaro, M., Teshima, J., Thaele, O., Tibolla, D. F., Torre, T., Toyama, A., Treve, M., Uellenbeck, P., Vogler, R. M., Wagner, Q., Weitzel, F., Zandanel, R., Zanin, A., Bouvier, M., Hayashida, H., Tajima, and Longo, Francesco

Subjects
Photon, General, Non-thermal - gamma-ray burst, Radiation mechanisms, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gamma-ray burst: general, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, general [gamma-ray burst], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, MAGIC (telescope), 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Physics, ta115, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Afterglow, gamma-rays bursts: general, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma-ray burst, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

Indications of a GeV component in the emission from GRBs are known since the EGRET observations during the 1990's and they have been confirmed by the data of the Fermi satellite. These results have, however, shown that our understanding of GRB physics is still unsatisfactory. The new generation of Cherenkov observatories and in particular the MAGIC telescope, allow for the first time the possibility to extend the measurement of GRBs from several tens up to hundreds of GeV energy range. Both leptonic and hadronic processes have been suggested to explain the possible GeV/TeV counterpart of GRBs. Observations with ground-based telescopes of very high energy photons (E>30 GeV) from these sources are going to play a key role in discriminating among the different proposed emission mechanisms, which are barely distinguishable at lower energies. MAGIC telescope observations of the GRB 090102 (z=1.547) field and Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data in the same time interval are analysed to derive upper limits of the GeV/TeV emission. We compare these results to the expected emissions evaluated for different processes in the framework of a relativistic blast wave model for the afterglow. Simultaneous upper limits with Fermi and a Cherenkov telescope have been derived for this GRB observation. The results we obtained are compatible with the expected emission although the difficulties in predicting the HE and VHE emission for the afterglow of this event makes it difficult to draw firmer conclusions. Nonetheless, MAGIC sensitivity in the energy range of overlap with space-based instruments (above about 40 GeV) is about one order of magnitude better with respect to Fermi. This makes evident the constraining power of ground-based observations and shows that the MAGIC telescope has reached the required performance to make possible GRB multiwavelength studies in the very high energy range., 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to MNRAS

Published
2014

22. MAGIC detection of short-term variability of the high-peaked BL Lac object 1ES 0806+524

Author

A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, R. Zanin, Adrian Biland, J. Rico, G. Maneva, Dario Hrupec, Thomas Bretz, M. Palatiello, Dario Gasparrini, I. Lozano, M. A. Lopez, A. González Muñoz, Louis Antonelli, Walter Max-Moerbeck, Diego F. Torres, Jelena Aleksić, R. López-Coto, X. Paredes-Fortuny, A. Niedzwiecki, D. Nakajima, Julian Sitarek, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, Patrick Vogler, P. Munar-Adrover, J. M. Paredes, J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, Masahiro Teshima, Ivica Puljak, Filippo D'Ammando, Daniela Dorner, K. Mallot, Wolfgang Rhode, Pierre Colin, R. J. García López, Elina Lindfors, A. Sillanpää, Juan Abel Barrio, David Paneque, Juan Cortina, C. Fruck, M. Gaug, D. Fidalgo, T. Toyama, Antonio Stamerra, Daniel Mazin, Takashi Saito, J. Krause, W. Bednarek, J. Herrera, B. De Lotto, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Julia Thaele, S. N. Shore, K. Berger, Ll. Font, Koji Noda, Reiko Orito, Elisa Bernardini, J. Hose, I. Snidaric, J. L. Richards, D. Elsaesser, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Francesco Longo, H. Takami, Abelardo Moralejo, K. Nishijima, F. Di Pierro, C. Delgado Mendez, D. Dominis Prester, T. Steinbring, Massimo Persic, Yusuke Konno, Juri Poutanen, E. Lorenz, M. Hayashida, Stefano Covino, G. De Caneva, M. V. Fonseca, Kari Nilsson, K. Kodani, Y. Hanabata, K. Saito, G. Bonnoli, Talvikki Hovatta, M. Will, Marc Ribó, D. Tescaro, P. Antoranz, Konstancja Satalecka, R. Reinthal, P. Temnikov, Michele Doro, M. L. Knoetig, S. Buson, Razmik Mirzoyan, Hidetoshi Kubo, P. G. Prada Moroni, D. Garrido Terrats, Damir Lelas, V. Scalzotto, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, Dorota Sobczyńska, Oscar Blanch, Ana Babić, P. Da Vela, Stefano Ansoldi, T. Schweizer, Riccardo Paoletti, E. Prandini, F. Borracci, Alessandro Carosi, D. Hadasch, Jose Miguel Miranda, C. Schultz, V. Scapin, Anthony C. S. Readhead, M. Strzys, L. Maraschi, B. Biasuzzi, Tomislav Terzić, D. Galindo, M. I. Martínez, P. Bangale, Sabrina Einecke, S. R. Gozzini, J. Rodriguez Garcia, M. Makariev, U. Menzel, W. Idec, E. Colombo, L. O. Takalo, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, Saverio Lombardi, Hanna Kellermann, K. Frantzen, V. Kadenius, S. Bonnefoy, S. Paiano, Karl Mannheim, D. Eisenacher, E. Carmona, Markus Garczarczyk, Alicia López-Oramas, Natalia Lewandowska, A. La Barbera, M. Nievas Rosillo, J. Becerra González, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Aleksi , J., Ansoldi, Stefano, Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernandez Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Godinovi , N., Gonzalez Munoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, Lopez, M., Lopez Coto, R., Lopez Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpaa, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzi , T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vogler, P., Will, M., Zanin, R., Berger, K., Buson, S., D'Ammando, F., Gasparrini, D., Hovatta, T., Max Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A., and Richards, J.

Subjects
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, galaxies: active, BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 0806+524, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, astro-ph.GA, galaxies: active, jets [galaxies], Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 0806+524, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, individual: 1ES 0806+524 [BL Lacertae objects], Astrophysics, law.invention, law, MAGIC (telescope), Blazar, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, ta115, ta213, Compton scattering, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], non-thermal, galaxies: active, BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 0806+524, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies [radiation mechanisms], Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxies: active, Galaxies: jets, Gamma rays: galaxies, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Space and Planetary Science, Crab Nebula, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), active [galaxies], galaxies [gamma rays], ddc:520, Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object, Flare
Abstract

Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 451(1), 739 - 750 (2015). doi:10.1093/mnras/stv895, The high-frequency-peaked BL Lac (HBL) 1ES 0806+524 (z = 0.138) was discovered in very high energy (VHE) γ-rays in 2008. Until now, the broad-band spectrum of 1ES 0806+524 has been only poorly characterized, in particular at high energies. We analysed multiwavelength observations from γ-rays to radio performed from 2011 January to March, which were triggered by the high activity detected at optical frequencies. These observations constitute the most precise determination of the broad-band emission of 1ES 0806+524 to date. The stereoscopic Major Atmospheric Gamma-Ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) observations yielded a γ-ray signal above 250 GeV of (3.7 ± 0.7) per cent of the Crab Nebula flux with a statistical significance of 9.9σ. The multiwavelength observations showed significant variability in essentially all energy bands, including a VHE γ-ray flare that lasted less than one night, which provided unprecedented evidence for short-term variability in 1ES 0806+524. The spectrum of this flare is well described by a power law with a photon index of 2.97 ± 0.29 between ∼150 GeV and 1 TeV and an integral flux of (9.3 ± 1.9) per cent of the Crab nebula flux above 250 GeV. The spectrum during the non-flaring VHE activity is compatible with the only available VHE observation performed in 2008 with VERITAS when the source was in a low optical state. The broad-band spectral energy distribution can be described with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model with parameters typical for HBLs, indicating that 1ES 0806+524 is not substantially different from the HBLs previously detected., Published by Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford

Published
2015

24. Very-high-energy gamma-ray observations of the Type Ia Supernova SN 2014J with the MAGIC telescopes

Author

K. Mallot, F. Di Pierro, Francesco Longo, R. J. García López, D. Hadasch, Daniela Dorner, U. Barres de Almeida, Damir Lelas, S. Paiano, Karl Mannheim, W. Idec, Mosè Mariotti, Dariusz Gora, Gaia Vanzo, D. Nakajima, D. Elsaesser, Dorota Sobczyńska, P. Da Vela, M. Gaug, Arka Chatterjee, R. Zanin, Adrian Biland, Saverio Lombardi, Abelardo Moralejo, Wlodek Bednarek, Alessandro Carosi, Max Ludwig Ahnen, J. Becerra González, M. Palatiello, M. Hayashida, Ruben Lopez-Coto, J. Herrera, D. Fidalgo, Martin Makariev, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, Massimo Persic, Alessio Berti, Marc Ribó, P. Bangale, Hidetoshi Kubo, E. Moretti, Alexander Hahn, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, M. Vazquez Acosta, J. Rico, I. Reichardt, Rodolfo Carosi, Oscar Blanch, E. Colombo, P. Giammaria, P. Temnikov, Gareth Hughes, J. M. Paredes, L. Nogués, B. Biasuzzi, Koji Noda, Stefano Covino, U. Menzel, Antonio Stamerra, K. Kodani, L. O. Takalo, Elisa Bernardini, Kyoshi Nishijima, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, Jose Miguel Miranda, E. Prandini, L. Perri, Yusuke Konno, Diego F. Torres, M. Doert, M. H. Wu, L. A. Antonelli, M. I. Martínez, M. Garczarczyk, A. La Barbera, Marcel Strzys, S. Bonnefoy, Julian Sitarek, D. Eisenacher Glawion, X. Paredes-Fortuny, M. Peresano, D. Dominis Prester, Sabrina Einecke, B. De Lotto, Kari Nilsson, D. Tescaro, J. Hose, A. Niedzwiecki, C. Fruck, M. Engelkemeier, F. Borracci, M. Nievas Rosillo, M. Will, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, R. Mirzoyan, T. Toyama, Fabrizio Tavecchio, T. Surić, J. R. Garcia, David Paneque, A. Sillanpää, Ll. Font, S. Schroeder, Giacomo Bonnoli, L. Maraschi, D. Guberman, D. Garrido Terrats, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, I. Snidaric, V. Fallah Ramazani, Elina Lindfors, Takashi Saito, G. Maneva, J. Palacio, J. E. Ward, Masahiro Teshima, Daniel Mazin, Juan Abel Barrio, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Ievgen Vovk, Aaron Dominguez, Stefano Ansoldi, P. G. Prada Moroni, T. Schweizer, Riccardo Paoletti, Tomislav Terzić, Marina Manganaro, Ana Babić, D. Galindo, B. Banerjee, C. Arcaro, Juri Poutanen, J. Kushida, G. Pedaletti, Thomas Bretz, Jose Luis Contreras, P. Antoranz, P. Cumani, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Juan Cortina, Wolfgang Rhode, K. Frantzen, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Arcaro, C., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, Alessio, Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carosi, R., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Cumani, P., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De Onã Wilhelmi, E., DI Pierro, F., Doert, M., Domã­nguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Engelkemeier, M., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C, Galindo, D., Garciá López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinoviä , N., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, Lã³pez, M., López Coto, R., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martã­nez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Noguã©s, L., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Perri, L., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Garcia, J. R., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribã³, M., Rico, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schroeder, S., Schweizer, T., Sillanpaã¤, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strzys, M., Suriä , T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terziä , T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vanzo, G., Vazquez Acosta, M., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., and Zanin, R.

Subjects
Individual: SN 2014J [Supernovae], Gamma rays: General, Supernovae: Individual: SN 2014J, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, air, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, VHE [gamma ray], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Type (model theory), power spectrum, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, supernova, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Spectral index, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, photon, Gamma ray, imaging, General [Gamma rays], Astronomy and Astrophysic, MAGIC, gamma rays: general, supernovae: individual (SN 2014J), flux, Supernova, Cherenkov counter, ddc:520, high [energy], Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

In this work we present data from observations with the MAGIC telescopes of SN 2014J detected in January 21 2014, the closest Type Ia supernova since Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes started to operate. We probe the possibility of very-high-energy (VHE; $E\geq100$ GeV) gamma rays produced in the early stages of Type Ia supernova explosions. We performed follow-up observations after this supernova explosion for 5 days, between January 27 and February 2 in 2014. We search for gamma-ray signal in the energy range between 100 GeV and several TeV from the location of SN 2014J using data from a total of $\sim5.5$ hours of observations. Prospects for observing gamma-rays of hadronic origin from SN 2014J in the near future are also being addressed. No significant excess was detected from the direction of SN 2014J. Upper limits at 95$\%$ confidence level on the integral flux, assuming a power-law spectrum, d$F/$d$E\propto E^{-\Gamma}$, with a spectral index of $\Gamma=2.6$, for energies higher than 300 GeV and 700 GeV, are established at $1.3\times10^{-12}$ and $4.1\times10^{-13}$ photons~cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, respectively. For the first time, upper limits on the VHE emission of a Type Ia supernova are established. The energy fraction isotropically emitted into TeV gamma rays during the first $\sim10$ days after the supernova explosion for energies greater than 300 GeV is limited to $10^{-6}$ of the total available energy budget ($\sim 10^{51}$ erg). Within the assumed theoretical scenario, the MAGIC upper limits on the VHE emission suggest that SN 2014J will not be detectable in the future by any current or planned generation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2017

25. Therapeutic Targeting of TAZ and YAP by Dimethyl Fumarate in Systemic Sclerosis Fibrosis

Author

Agnieszka P. Looney, Maria Trojanowska, T. Toyama, Xaralabos Varelas, Robert W. Simms, Lukasz Stawski, Paul Haines, Aleksander D. Szymaniak, and Brendon M. Baker

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Biopsy, Dimethyl Fumarate, AKT1, Cell Cycle Proteins, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, GSK-3, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Cells, Cultured, Skin, Dimethyl fumarate, integumentary system, Kinase, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Female, Signal Transduction, Adult, Dermatology, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Bleomycin, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology, Protein kinase B, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Cell Nucleus, Scleroderma, Systemic, YAP-Signaling Proteins, Cell Biology, Fibroblasts, Phosphoproteins, Fibrosis, CTGF, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif Proteins, Proteolysis, Cancer research, Trans-Activators, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Transforming growth factor, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) is a devastating fibrotic disease with few treatment options. Fumaric acid esters, including dimethyl fumarate (DMF, Tecfidera; Biogen, Cambridge, MA), have shown therapeutic effects in several disease models, prompting us to determine whether DMF is effective as a treatment for SSc dermal fibrosis. We found that DMF blocks the profibrotic effects of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) in SSc skin fibroblasts. Mechanistically, we found that DMF treatment reduced nuclear localization of transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) and Yes-associated protein (YAP) proteins via inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. In addition, DMF abrogated TGFβ/Akt1 mediated inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen kinase 3β (GSK3β) and a subsequent β–transducin repeat-containing proteins (βTRCP) mediated proteasomal degradation of TAZ, as well as a corresponding decrease of TAZ/YAP transcriptional targets. Depletion of TAZ/YAP recapitulated the antifibrotic effects of DMF. We also confirmed the increase of TAZ/YAP in skin biopsies from patients with diffuse SSc. We further showed that DMF significantly diminished nuclear TAZ/YAP localization in fibroblasts cultured on a stiff surface. Importantly, DMF prevented bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis in mice. Together, our work demonstrates a mechanism of the antifibrotic effect of DMF via inhibition of Akt1/GSK3β/TAZ/YAP signaling and confirms a critical role of TAZ/YAP in mediating the profibrotic responses in dermal fibroblasts. This study supports the use of DMF as a treatment for SSc dermal fibrosis.

Published
2016

26. Investigating the peculiar emission from the new VHE gamma-ray source H1722+119

Author

M. Hayashida, M. Makariev, B. Biasuzzi, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, Louis Antonelli, D. Dominis Prester, E. Prandini, M. Doert, M. H. Wu, Massimo Persic, F. D'Ammando, Marc Ribó, G. Bonnoli, Abelardo Moralejo, Juri Poutanen, R. Reinthal, V. Fallah Ramazani, P. Bangale, Y. Hanabata, Razmik Mirzoyan, U. Barres de Almeida, Damir Lelas, T. Steinbring, Marina Manganaro, P. G. Prada Moroni, Stefano Covino, Hidetoshi Kubo, P. Antoranz, D. Galindo, J. Becerra González, G. Pedaletti, Dorota Sobczyńska, D. Nakajima, Thomas Bretz, J. Hose, Andrei Berdyugin, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, S. Bonnefoy, A. Sillanpää, Arka Chatterjee, Francesco Longo, D. Elsaesser, F. Di Pierro, K. Kodani, Alexander Hahn, Konstancja Satalecka, Walter Max-Moerbeck, Tomoki Saito, D. Tescaro, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, H. Takami, L. Nogués, U. Menzel, Michele Doro, M. I. Martínez, Gareth Hughes, Talvikki Hovatta, C. Schultz, E. Moretti, Marcel Strzys, D. Fidalgo, Vassil Verguilov, Aaron Dominguez, Diego F. Torres, Julia Thaele, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Reiko Orito, F. Verrecchia, Sabrina Einecke, Junko Kushida, P. Da Vela, R. López-Coto, J. Rodriguez Garcia, J. E. Ward, M. Palatiello, Elina Lindfors, A. Niedzwiecki, Kyoshi Nishijima, Ievgen Vovk, Wolfgang Rhode, Daniel Mazin, Oscar Blanch, Julian Sitarek, Juan Abel Barrio, L. Maraschi, Francesco Dazzi, David Paneque, A. Fernández-Barral, Markus Garczarczyk, Yusuke Konno, C. Fruck, B. De Lotto, M. Villata, T. Schweizer, T. Toyama, D. Guberman, Tomislav Terzić, K. Frantzen, J. L. Richards, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, S. Paiano, Saverio Lombardi, Karl Mannheim, D. Hadasch, L. Perri, A. La Barbera, D. Eisenacher Glawion, X. Paredes-Fortuny, P. Temnikov, M. Nievas Rosillo, W. Idec, A. González Muñoz, E. Colombo, B. Banerjee, S. Buson, L. O. Takalo, Masahiro Teshima, Daniela Dorner, R. Zanin, Dariusz Gora, Adrian Biland, M. Gaug, J. Rico, J. Herrera, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, Jose Luis Contreras, Juan Cortina, G. Maneva, C. M. Raiteri, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, Max Ludwig Ahnen, Kari Nilsson, P. Giammaria, M. Will, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, R. Clavero, D. Garrido Terrats, W. Bednarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, I. Snidaric, Ana Babić, Stefano Ansoldi, Riccardo Paoletti, J. Palacio, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, Alessandro Carosi, Jose Miguel Miranda, F. Borracci, Anthony C. S. Readhead, Universitat de Barcelona, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Ahnen ML, Ansoldi S, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Babic A, Banerjee B, Bangale P, de Almeida UB, Barrio JA, Gonzalez JB, Bednarek W, Bernardini E, Biasuzzi B, Biland A, Blanch O, Bonnefoy S, Bonnoli G, Borracci F, Bretz T, Buson S, Carosi A, Chatterjee A, Clavero R, Colin P, Colombo E, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Covino S, Da Vela P, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Lotto B, Wilhelmi ED, Di Pierro F, Doert M, Dominguez A, Prester DD, Dorner D, Doro M, Einecke S, Glawion DE, Elsaesser D, Ramazani VF, Fernandez-Barral A, Fidalgo D, Fonseca MV, Font L, Frantzen K, Fruck C, Galindo D, Lopez RJG, Garczarczyk M, Terrats DG, Gaug M, Giammaria P, Godinovic N, Munoz AG, Gora D, Guberman D, Hadasch D, Hahn A, Hanabata Y, Hayashida M, Herrera J, Hose J, Hrupec D, Hughes G, Idec W, Kodani K, Konno Y, Kubo H, Kushida J, La Barbera A, Lelas D, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, Lopez M, Lopez-Coto R, Majumdar P, Makariev M, Mallot K, Maneva G, Manganaro M, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Marcote B, Mariotti M, Martinez M, Mazin D, Menzel U, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Moralejo A, Moretti E, Nakajima D, Neustroev V, Niedzwiecki A, Rosillo MN, Nilsson K, Nishijima K, Noda K, Nogues L, Orito R, Overkemping A, Paiano S, Palacio J, Palatiello M, Paneque D, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Paredes-Fortuny X, Pedaletti G, Perri L, Persic M, Poutanen J, Moroni PGP, Prandini E, Puljak I, Rhode W, Ribo M, Rico J, Garcia JR, Saito T, Satalecka K, Schultz C, Schweizer T, Sillanpaa A, Sitarek J, Snidaric I, Sobczynska D, Stamerra A, Steinbring T, Strzys M, Takalo L, Takami H, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Terzic T, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Thaele J, Torres DF, Toyama T, Treves A, Verguilov V, Vovk I, Ward JE, Will M, Wu MH, Zanin R, DAmmando F, Berdyugin A, Hovatta T, Max-Moerbeck W, Raiteri CM, Readhead ACS, Reinthal R, Richards JL, Verrecchia F, Villata M, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Buson, S., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Di Pierro, F., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Perri, L., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T, Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., D'Ammando, F., Berdyugin, A., Hovatta, T., Max Moerbeck, W., Raiteri, C. M., Readhead, A. C. S., Reinthal, R., Richards, J. L., Verrecchia, F., and Villata, M.

Subjects
galaxie [Gamma-rays], gamma-rays: galaxies, UPGRADE, Astrophysics, DETECTED BLAZARS, 01 natural sciences, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, law.invention, Raigs gamma, law, galaxies: active, BL Lacertae objects: individual: H1722+119, galaxies, distances and redshifts, BL LACERTAE OBJECTS, ALL-SKY SURVEY, MAGIC, TELESCOPES, LAC OBJECTS, SOURCE CATALOG, MAJOR, HELICAL JETS, CRAB-NEBULA, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), distances and redshift [Galaxies], active BL Lacertae objects, individual, H1722+119 galaxies, distances and redshifts gamma-rays, Galaxies: active, Galaxies: distances and redshifts, Gamma-rays: galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies [Gamma-rays], Extragalactic background light, Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object, active [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Telescope, galaxies: active, BL Lacertae objects: individual: H1722+119, galaxies: distances and redshifts, gamma-rays: galaxies, 0103 physical sciences, individual: H1722+119 [BL Lacertae objects], distances and redshifts [Galaxies], ta115, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Redshift, Crab Nebula, 13. Climate action, Galàxies actives, Active galaxies, ddc:520
Abstract

The MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes observed the BL Lac object H1722+119 (redshift unknown) for six consecutive nights between 2013 May 17 and 22, for a total of 12.5 h. The observations were triggered by high activity in the optical band measured by the KVA (Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien) telescope. The source was for the first time detected in the very high energy (VHE, $E > 100$ GeV) $\gamma$-ray band with a statistical significance of 5.9 $\sigma$. The integral flux above 150 GeV is estimated to be $(2.0\pm 0.5)$ per cent of the Crab Nebula flux. We used contemporaneous high energy (HE, 100 MeV $ < E < 100$ GeV) $\gamma$-ray observations from Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) to estimate the redshift of the source. Within the framework of the current extragalactic background light models, we estimate the redshift to be $z = 0.34 \pm 0.15$. Additionally, we used contemporaneous X-ray to radio data collected by the instruments on board the Swift satellite, the KVA, and the OVRO (Owens Valley Radio Observatory) telescope to study multifrequency characteristics of the source. We found no significant temporal variability of the flux in the HE and VHE bands. The flux in the optical and radio wavebands, on the other hand, did vary with different patterns. The spectral energy distribution (SED) of H1722+119 shows surprising behaviour in the $\sim 3\times10^{14} - 10^{18}$ Hz frequency range. It can be modelled using an inhomogeneous helical jet synchrotron self-Compton model., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables

Published
2016

27. Multiband variability studies and novel broadband SED modeling of Mrk 501 in 2009

Author

K. Nishijima, J. L. Richards, Stefano Covino, G. Piner, D. Dominis Prester, U. Menzel, A. Flinders, D. Tescaro, Louis Antonelli, D. Galindo, Aaron Dominguez, S. Schröder, Elena G. Larionova, Kari Nilsson, Paul S. Smith, A. McCann, T. S. Grishina, Wen Ping Chen, M. Will, Pratik Majumdar, J. E. Ward, Daniela Dorner, Dariusz Gora, P. Moriarty, C. Rulten, Soebur Razzaque, D. Garrido Terrats, K. Frantzen, Joseph Moody, Wystan Benbow, G. Hughes, K. Ragan, Ralph Bird, L. Perri, M. Gaug, T. Sakamoto, Valeri M. Larionov, Elina Lindfors, G. H. Sembroski, Daniel Mazin, Ievgen Vovk, A. Hahn, M. Hütten, N. H. Park, Alexander B. Pushkarev, G. Maccaferri, Thomas Bretz, P. Wilcox, P. Kar, D. Nakajima, R. Zanin, J. Herrera, Wei Cui, Amanda Weinstein, J. Palacio, P. G. Prada Moroni, Frank Krennrich, Matthew L. Lister, A. Berti, A. Cesarini, M. Kertzman, A. La Barbera, Walter Max-Moerbeck, E. Colombo, M. Villata, M. P. Connolly, Adrian Biland, D. S. Hanna, Ana Babić, D. Eisenacher Glawion, Juan Abel Barrio, John L. Quinn, M. Capalbi, Koji Noda, Arka Chatterjee, Elisa Bernardini, A. Sillanpää, Adrian Rovero, Antonio Stamerra, J. V. Tucci, M. Nievas Rosillo, M. Palatiello, L. V. Larionova, S. N. Shore, R. Mukherjee, M. J. Lang, Daniel Nieto, M. I. Martínez, S. Bonnefoy, J. Kushida, P. Giammaria, P. Bangale, Wolfgang Rhode, Gernot Maier, G. Pedaletti, L. O. Takalo, Margo F. Aller, Jose Luis Contreras, Andrei Berdyugin, J. A. Zensus, E. Roache, V. Verguilov, D. Fidalgo, C. Pace, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Francesco Dazzi, Juan Cortina, M. Engelkemeier, G. H. Gillanders, A. Carraminyana, S. P. Wakely, Mosè Mariotti, J. Rico, A. Fernández-Barral, R. Clavero, J. Becerra González, A.-K. Overkemping, S. O. Kurtanidze, Sabrina Einecke, Abraham D. Falcone, A. González Muñoz, Evgenia N. Kopatskaya, Lars Fuhrmann, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, Karlen Shahinyan, Takashi Saito, W. Bednarek, C. Schultz, Marcos Santander, Fabrizio Tavecchio, J. Rodriguez Garcia, E. Pueschel, Ll. Font, A. C. Sadun, A. Popkow, J. Grube, V. Bugaev, Anthony C. S. Readhead, R. Ligustri, A. Archer, I. Snidaric, Yusuke Konno, P. Calcidese, M. Strzys, A. Pichel, Saverio Lombardi, B. De Lotto, Markus Garczarczyk, N. Kelley-Hoskins, J. Tyler, Ann E. Wehrle, B. Banerjee, S. Buson, D. Hadasch, N. Otte, Maria G. Nikolashvili, Gordon T. Richards, L. Nogués, B. Biasuzzi, Juri Poutanen, U. Barres de Almeida, J. P. Finley, K. Mallot, S. Paiano, Marcello Giroletti, I. Nestoras, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, X. Paredes-Fortuny, T. B. Humensky, R. A. Ong, Karl Mannheim, J. H. Buckley, Yu. A. Kovalev, R. J. García López, H. Fleischhack, G. N. Kimeridze, I. Sadeh, David A. Williams, Y. Mori, M. V. Fonseca, W. Idec, Matthias Kadler, Yuri Y. Kovalev, Stefano Ansoldi, Riccardo Paoletti, K. Kodani, J. P. Norris, O. M. Kurtanidze, N. V. Efimova, Y. Hanabata, Arkady A. Arkharov, Anne Lähteenmäki, Abelardo Moralejo, G. Maneva, Masahiro Teshima, A. C. Zook, Dario Hrupec, P. Antoranz, B. Zitzer, Hugh Dickinson, R. A. Chigladze, M. Peresano, Ekaterina Koptelova, S. Archambault, M. A. Lopez, T. Steinbring, P. Temnikov, P. Leto, Massimo Persic, J. M. Paredes, Hugh D. Aller, F. Borracci, S. O'Brien, T. Surić, I. Telezhinsky, I. Reichardt, Jamie Holder, G. Vanzo, R. Pearson, Julia Thaele, G. Bonnoli, Mark Gurwell, Eduardo Ros, Andrea Orlati, S. Griffin, L. A. Sigua, Diego F. Torres, Alessandro Carosi, Ruben Lopez-Coto, Maria Krause, Y. Yatsu, A. Wilhelm, Jose Miguel Miranda, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, T. Schweizer, P. Cassaro, Razmik Mirzoyan, E. Moretti, Damir Lelas, Francesco Longo, V. Fallah Ramazani, P. Kaaret, Dorota Sobczyńska, L. Maraschi, Kirill Sokolovsky, Tomislav Terzić, Lucy Fortson, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, Julian Sitarek, C. Fruck, T. Toyama, Ivica Puljak, Max Ludwig Ahnen, David Kieda, F. Di Pierro, Pierre Colin, M. Buchovecky, Oscar Blanch, P. Da Vela, A. Niedzwiecki, Emmanouil Angelakis, M. Doert, M. H. Wu, Ivan S. Troitsky, C. Pagani, David Paneque, Q. Feng, Vladimir A. Hagen-Thorn, E. De la Fuente, E. Prandini, C. M. Raiteri, L. Carrasco, D. Guberman, Jeremy S. Perkins, Martin Pohl, Marina Manganaro, H. A. Krimm, Merja Tornikoski, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Dmitry A. Blinov, M. Perri, J. Hose, D. Elsaesser, Daria A. Morozova, P. T. Reynolds, M. Hayashida, Marc Ribó, Hidetoshi Kubo, M. Makariev, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, University of Udine, INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, University of Siena, University of Rijeka, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Max Planck Institute for Physics, Complutense University, University of La Laguna, University of Łódź, German Electron Synchrotron, Autonomous University of Barcelona, University of Würzburg, University of Padova, Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia, Dortmund University, Finnish MAGIC Consortium, University of Barcelona, The University of Tokyo, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Osservatorio Astronomicodi Roma, University of Pisa, ICREA, University of Maryland, College Park, McGill University, Washington University St. Louis, Harvard University, University College Dublin, University of California Los Angeles, National University of Ireland, Galway, Purdue University, Iowa State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Utah, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, University of Delaware, Columbia University, University of Iowa, DePauw University, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Chicago, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cork Institute of Technology, University of California Santa Cruz, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Johannesburg, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, St. Petersburg State University, RAS - Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, Circolo Astrofili Talmassons, Osservatorio Astrofisico della Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta, Georgian National Academy of Sciences, National Central University, Aoyama Gakuin University, University of Colorado Denver, Brigham Young University, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electronica, Universidad de Guadalajara, University of Denver, University of Arizona, Space Science Institute, Pomona College, University of Leicester, ASI Science Data Center, University of Trento, RAS - P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Whittier College, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, California Institute of Technology, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, Alessio, Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Buson, S., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Di Pierro, F., Doert, M., Domã­nguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Engelkemeier, M., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinoviä , N., González Muñoz, A., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, Lã³pez, M., López Coto, R., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martã­nez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Noguã©s, L., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Peresano, M., Perri, L., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reichardt, I., Rhode, W., Ribã³, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schrã¶der, S., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpã¤ã¤, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Suriä , T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terziä , T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vanzo, G., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Abeysekara, A. U., Archambault, S., Archer, A., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Connolly, M. P., Cui, W., Dickinson, H. J., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Flinders, A., Fortson, L., Gillanders, G. H., Griffin, S., Grube, J., Hã¼tten, M., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Humensky, T. B., Kaaret, P., Kar, P., Kelley Hoskins, N., Kertzman, M., Kieda, D., Krause, M., Krennrich, F., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mccann, A., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Nieto, D., O'Brien, S., Ong, R. A., Otte, N., Park, N., Perkins, J., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Pueschel, E., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rovero, A. C., Rulten, C., Sadeh, I., Santander, M., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Telezhinsky, I., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Wakely, S. P., Weinstein, A., Wilcox, P., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Razzaque, S., Villata, M., Raiteri, C. M., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Larionov, V. M., Arkharov, A. A., Blinov, D. A., Efimova, N. V., Grishina, T. S., Hagen Thorn, V. A., Kopatskaya, E. N., Larionova, L. V., Larionova, E. G., Morozova, D. A., Troitsky, I. S., Ligustri, R., Calcidese, P., Berdyugin, A., Kurtanidze, O. M., Nikolashvili, M. G., Kimeridze, G. N., Sigua, L. A., Kurtanidze, S. O., Chigladze, R. A., Chen, W. P., Koptelova, E., Sakamoto, T., Sadun, A. C., Moody, J. W., Pace, C., Pearson, R., Yatsu, Y., Mori, Y., Carraminyana, A., Carrasco, L., De La Fuente, E., Norris, J. P., Smith, P. S., Wehrle, A., Gurwell, M. A., Zook, A., Pagani, C., Perri, M., Capalbi, M., Cesarini, A., Krimm, H. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kovalev, Y. u. A., Ros, E., Pushkarev, A. B., Lister, M. L., Sokolovsky, K. V., Kadler, M., Piner, G., Lã¤hteenmã¤ki, A., Tornikoski, M., Angelakis, E., Krichbaum, T. P., Nestoras, I., Fuhrmann, L., Zensus, J. A., Cassaro, P., Orlati, A., Maccaferri, G., Leto, P., Giroletti, M., Richards, J. L., Max Moerbeck, W., and Readhead, A. C. S.

Subjects
extragalactic background light, multiwavelength observations, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, bl-lacertae objects, Galaxies: BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 501, Methods: data analysis, observational, Polarization, spectral energy-distribution, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, individual: Markarian 501 [BL Lacertae objects], law, Coincident, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, MAGIC (telescope), crab-nebula, Blazar, data analysis [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), tev blazars, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, stochastic acceleration, telescope observations, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, gamma-ray emission, methods: data analysis, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 501, Synchrotron, data analysi [Methods], Space and Planetary Science, x-ray, ddc:520, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Degeneracy (mathematics), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flare, BL Lac object
Abstract

Astronomy and astrophysics 603, A31 (2017). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629540, We present an extensive study of the BL Lac object Mrk 501 based on a data set collected during the multi-instrument campaign spanning from 2009 March 15 to 2009 August 1, which includes, among other instruments, MAGIC, VERITAS, Whipple 10 m, and Fermi-LAT to cover the γ-ray range from 0.1 GeV to 20 TeV; RXTE and Swift to cover wavelengths from UV tohard X-rays; and GASP-WEBT, which provides coverage of radio and optical wavelengths. Optical polarization measurements were provided for a fraction of the campaign by the Steward and St. Petersburg observatories. We evaluate the variability of the source and interband correlations, the γ-ray flaring activity occurring in May 2009, and interpret the results within two synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenarios. Aims. The multiband variability observed during the full campaign is addressed in terms of the fractional variability, and the possible correlations are studied by calculating the discrete correlation function for each pair of energy bands where the significance was evaluated with dedicated Monte Carlo simulations. The space of SSC model parameters is probed following a dedicated grid-scan strategy, allowing for a wide range of models to be tested and offering a study of the degeneracy of model-to-data agreement in the individual model parameters, hence providing a less biased interpretation than the “single-curve SSC model adjustment” typically reported in the literature. Methods. We find an increase in the fractional variability with energy, while no significant interband correlations of flux changes are found on the basis of the acquired data set. The SSC model grid-scan shows that the flaring activity around May 22 cannot be modeled adequately with a one-zone SSC scenario (using an electron energy distribution with two breaks), while it can be suitably described within a two (independent) zone SSC scenario. Here, one zone is responsible for the quiescent emission from the averaged 4.5-month observing period, while the other one, which is spatially separated from the first, dominates the flaring emission occurring at X-rays and very-high-energy (>100 GeV, VHE) γ rays. The flaring activity from May 1, which coincides with a rotation of the electric vector polarization angle (EVPA), cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by either a one-zone or a two-independent-zone SSC model, yet this is partially affected by the lack of strictly simultaneous observations and the presence of large flux changes on sub-hour timescales (detected at VHE γ rays). Results. The higher variability in the VHE emission and lack of correlation with the X-ray emission indicate that, at least during the 4.5-month observing campaign in 2009, the highest energy (and most variable) electrons that are responsible for the VHE γ rays do not make a dominant contribution to the ~1 keV emission. Alternatively, there could be a very variable component contributing to the VHE γ-ray emission in addition to that coming from the SSC scenario. The studies with our dedicated SSC grid-scan show that there is some degeneracy in both the one-zone and the two-zone SSC scenarios probed, with several combinations of model parameters yielding a similar model-to-data agreement, and some parameters better constrained than others. The observed γ-ray flaring activity, with the EVPA rotation coincident with the first γ-ray flare, resembles those reported previously for low frequency peaked blazars, hence suggesting that there are many similarities in the flaring mechanisms of blazars with different jet properties., Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis

Published
2016
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28. MAGIC observations of the February 2014 flare of 1ES 1011+496 and ensuing constraint of the EBL density

Author

Dominik Elsaesser, U. Barres de Almeida, Damir Lelas, A. Stamerra, L. A. Antonelli, Dorota Sobczyńska, Max Ludwig Ahnen, E. Moretti, B. Biasuzzi, Abelardo Moralejo, Thomas Bretz, R. Paoletti, J. M. Mira, T. Steinbring, J. Becerra González, Marcel Strzys, Julian Sitarek, J. Hose, K. Nishijima, T. Toyama, J. Rico, Wolfgang Rhode, Martin Makariev, P. Giammaria, Aldo Treves, Oscar Blanch, A. Carosi, Christian Fruck, S. Bonnefoy, D. Garrido Terrats, Eckart Lorenz, A. La Barbera, M. H. Wu, Nikola Godinovic, Marina Manganaro, Ivica Puljak, Benito Marcote, A. Bil, B. De Lotto, D. Nakajima, Pratik Majumdar, X. Paredes-Fortuny, A. De Angelis, M. V. Fonseca, M. Nievas Rosillo, B. Banerjee, R. Mirzoyan, Miriam Lucio Martinez, Vitaly Neustroev, S. N. Shore, D. Galindo, K. Frantzen, Martin Will, Arka Chatterjee, E. Lindfors, A. Sillanpää, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, K. Nilsson, D. Eisenacher Glawion, Fabrizio Tavecchio, D. Fidalgo, Roberta Zanin, U. Menzel, G. Maneva, Stefano Ansoldi, Ll. Font, S. Paiano, M. Lopez, E. Carmona, Karl Mannheim, K. Kodani, F. Borracci, I. Snidaric, Alicia López-Oramas, Juan Abel Barrio, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, Diego F. Torres, Reiko Orito, J. M. Paredes, M. Garczarczyk, H. Takami, Yusuke Konno, J. Palacio, Vassil Verguilov, Massimo Persic, Konstancja Satalecka, Dario Hrupec, J. E. Ward, Julia Thaele, L. Maraschi, Michele Doro, Giacomo Bonnoli, M. Hayashida, Ana Babić, P. G. Prada Moroni, P. Temnikov, Daniel Mazin, F. Longo, Sabrina Einecke, J. Rodriguez Garcia, Marc Ribó, Wlodek Bednarek, Tomislav Terzić, P. Bangale, R. López-Coto, A. Niedzwiecki, Hidetoshi Kubo, Francesco Dazzi, Ievgen Vovk, C. Delgado Mendez, T. Schweizer, David Paneque, Stefano Covino, Juri Poutanen, Y. Hanabata, D. Guberman, P. Antoranz, Masahiro Teshima, Michele Palatiello, Jose Luis Contreras, Tomoki Saito, D. Tescaro, Juan Cortina, G. Hughes, Daniela Dorner, Alexander Hahn, M. Gaug, D. Dominis Prester, R. Clavero, E. Prini, J. Herrera, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, E. Colombo, P. Colin, A. González Muñoz, L. O. Takalo, C. Schultz, F. Di Pierro, Junko Kushida, P. Da Vela, Alba Fernández-Barral, W. Idec, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, Saverio Lombardi, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P, Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra Gonzalez, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De Ona Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernandez Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., Garcia Lopez, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinovic, N., Gonzalez Munoz, A., Guberman, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, Lopez, M., Lopez Coto, R., Lopez Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martinez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribo, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpaa, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzic, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., and Universitat de Barcelona

Subjects
Flux, DIRBE, Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, Cosmic background radiation, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, law.invention, 3.5 MU-M, law, Optical depth (astrophysics), NUMBER COUNTS, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, MINUS 2MASS, SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), TEV BLAZARS, Cosmology, Extragalactic background light, ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS, Electrónica, Física nuclear, intergalactic medium, cosmic background, MICRON SOURCE COUNTS, Electricidad, BL Lacertae objects, general, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flare, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, BL Lacertae objects: general, Intergalactic medium, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Opacity, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, GALAXY COUNTS, 0103 physical sciences, TELESCOPE IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH, Cosmologia, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, general [BL Lacertae objects], Astronomy and Astrophysic, Light curve, radiation, EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT, Likelihood-ratio test, ddc:520
Abstract

Astronomy and astrophysics 590, A24(2016). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527256, During February–March 2014, the MAGIC telescopes observed the high-frequency peaked BL Lac 1ES 1011+496 (z = 0.212) in flaring state at very-high energy (VHE, E> 100 GeV). The flux reached a level of more than ten times higher than any previously recorded flaring state of the source.Aims. To describe the characteristics of the flare presenting the light curve and the spectral parameters of the night-wise spectra and the average spectrum of the whole period. From these data we aim to detect the imprint of the extragalactic background light (EBL) in the VHE spectrum of the source, to constrain its intensity in the optical band.Methods. We analyzed the gamma-ray data from the MAGIC telescopes using the standard MAGIC software for the production of the light curve and the spectra. To constrain the EBL, we implement the method developed by the H.E.S.S. collaboration, in which the intrinsic energy spectrum of the source is modeled with a simple function (≤4 parameters), and the EBL-induced optical depth is calculated using a template EBL model. The likelihood of the observed spectrum is then maximized, including a normalization factor for the EBL opacity among the free parameters.Results. The collected data allowed us to describe the night-wise flux changes and also to produce differential energy spectra for all nights in the observed period. The estimated intrinsic spectra of all the nights could be fitted by power-law functions. Evaluating the changes in the fit parameters, we conclude that the spectral shape for most of the nights were compatible, regardless of the flux level, which enabled us to produce an average spectrum from which the EBL imprint could be constrained. The likelihood ratio test shows that the model with an EBL density 1.07 (–0.20, +0.24)$_{stat+sys}$, relative to the one in the tested EBL template, is preferred at the 4.6σ level to the no-EBL hypothesis, with the assumption that the intrinsic source spectrum can be modeled as a log-parabola. This would translate into a constraint of the EBL density in the wavelength range [0.24 μm, 4.25 μm], with a peak value at 1.4 μm of λF$_λ$ = 12.27$_{-2.29}^{+2.75}$ nW m$^{-2}$ sr$^{-1}$, including systematics., Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis

Published
2016

29. Super-orbital variability of LS I +61 ° 303 at TeV energies

Author

E. Colombo, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, M. H. Wu, D. Nakajima, L. O. Takalo, H. Takami, Arka Chatterjee, Christian Fruck, Sabrina Einecke, Vassil Verguilov, D. Fidalgo, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, J. Rodriguez Garcia, Daniela Dorner, Dariusz Gora, Massimo Persic, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Masahiro Teshima, Alexander Hahn, J. Palacio, M. Palatiello, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, Francesco Longo, Gareth Hughes, M. Gaug, I. Snidaric, Yusuke Konno, J. Herrera, Stefano Ansoldi, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, A. La Barbera, Lluis Font, Riccardo Paoletti, Julian Sitarek, K. Kodani, Koji Noda, J. Hose, Elisa Bernardini, Francesco Dazzi, Marcel Strzys, D. Dominis Prester, D. Eisenacher Glawion, X. Paredes-Fortuny, M. Nievas Rosillo, A. Herrero, E. Moretti, Nikola Godinovic, Stefano Covino, P. Temnikov, Martin Makariev, Benito Marcote, Oscar Blanch, T. Toyama, G. Pedaletti, Dominik Elsaesser, S. Bonnefoy, Jose Luis Contreras, U. Barres de Almeida, Damir Lelas, Juan Cortina, D. Garrido Terrats, U. Menzel, Diego F. Torres, M. Garczarczyk, F. Di Pierro, Juan Abel Barrio, J. E. Ward, Giacomo Bonnoli, P. G. Prada Moroni, K. Frantzen, S. Paiano, R. López-Coto, A. Niedzwiecki, David Paneque, D. Guberman, Marina Manganaro, M. Hayashida, Thomas Bretz, S. N. Shore, R. Mirzoyan, Tomoki Saito, D. Tescaro, Jorge Casares, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, A. González Muñoz, Kyoshi Nishijima, Dorota Sobczyńska, E. Prandini, Tomislav Terzić, Marc Ribó, B. De Lotto, C. Schultz, Aaron Dominguez, Karl Mannheim, Alicia López-Oramas, D. Galindo, Saverio Lombardi, P. Bangale, Hidetoshi Kubo, S. Buson, Junko Kushida, P. Da Vela, J. Becerra González, Wolfgang Rhode, D. Hadasch, Max Ludwig Ahnen, C. Delgado Mendez, Reiko Orito, Ana Babić, Konstancja Satalecka, Alba Fernández-Barral, F. Borracci, L. Maraschi, Michele Doro, Elina Lindfors, Dario Hrupec, B. Biasuzzi, Daniel Mazin, M. A. Lopez, Kari Nilsson, A. Sillanpää, M. Will, W. Idec, Abelardo Moralejo, P. Giammaria, T. Steinbring, Wlodek Bednarek, Alessandro Carosi, L. A. Antonelli, B. Banerjee, R. Clavero, Miriam Lucio Martinez, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Jose Miguel Miranda, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, Ievgen Vovk, G. Maneva, R. Zanin, Adrian Biland, T. Schweizer, J. Rico, Julia Thaele, Juri Poutanen, Y. Hanabata, P. Antoranz, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Buson, S., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D, Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Casares, J., Herrero, A., and Universitat de Barcelona

Subjects
Astrofísica, astroparticle physics, binaries: general, gamma rays: general, stars: individual: LS I +61°303, X-rays: binaries, X-rays: individuals: LS I +61°303, Be star, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma rays: general, general [Gamma rays], Binary number, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astroparticle physic, Radio spectrum, law.invention, individual: LS I +61°303 [Stars], Telescope, Raigs gamma, law, 0103 physical sciences, Modulation (music), individuals: LS I +61°303 [X-rays], Astroparticle physics, Binaries: general, Stars: individual: LS I +61°303, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, MAGIC (telescope), Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), general [Binaries], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, binarie [X-rays], Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Orbital period, ddc:520, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Astronomy and astrophysics 591, A76(2016). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527964, The gamma-ray binary LS I +61°303 is a well-established source from centimeter radio up to very high energy (VHE;E > 100 GeV).The broadband emission shows a periodicity of $\sim$ 26.5 days, coincident with the orbital period. A longer (super-orbital) period of 1667 $\pm$ 8 dayswas proposed from radio variability and confirmed using optical and high-energy (HE; E > 100 MeV) gamma-ray observations. In this paper, wereport on a four-year campaign performed by MAGIC together with archival data concentrating on a search for a long-timescale signature in the VHE emission from LS I +61°303 Aims.We focus on the search for super-orbital modulation of the VHE emission, similar to that observed at other energies, and on the search forcorrelations between TeV emission and an optical determination of the extension of the circumstellar disk.Methods. A four-year campaign has been carried out using the MAGIC telescopes. The source was observed during the orbital phases when theperiodic VHE outbursts have occurred ($\phi$ = 0:55–0.75, one orbit=26.496 days). Additionally, we included archival MAGIC observations anddata published by the VERITAS collaboration in these studies. For the correlation studies, LS I +61°303 has also been observed during the orbitalphases where sporadic VHE emission had been detected in the past ($\phi$ = 0:75–1.0). These MAGIC observations were simultaneous with opticalspectroscopy from the LIVERPOOL telescope.Results.The TeV flux of the periodical outburst in orbital phases $\phi$ = 0:5–0.75 was found to show yearly variability consistent with the long-term modulation of$\sim$ 4.5 years found in the radio band. This modulation of the TeV flux can be well described by a sine function with a best-fit period of 1610 $\pm$ 58 days. The complete data, including archival observations, span two super-orbital periods. There is no evidence for a correlation betweenthe TeV emission and the mass-loss rate of the Be star, but this may be a ected by the strong, short-timescale (as short as intra-day) variation displayed by the Hfluxes., Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis

Published
2016

30. The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part I: The hardware improvements and the commissioning of the system

Author

R. Zanin, Adrian Biland, I. Lozano, J. Rico, Masahiro Teshima, W. Idec, Takashi Saito, J. Krause, B. De Lotto, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, Stefano Ansoldi, I. Snidaric, David Fink, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, D. Corti, Alessandro Carosi, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, J. M. Illa, Riccardo Paoletti, Massimo Persic, Gianluca Giavitto, A. González Muñoz, Reiko Orito, P. Temnikov, M. Palatiello, J. Becerra González, Marcel Strzys, Dario Hrupec, M. Bitossi, Ruben Lopez-Coto, Jose Luis Lemus, D. Nakajima, Elina Lindfors, E. Lorenz, Abelardo Moralejo, Saverio Lombardi, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, M. Makariev, Thomas Bretz, Daniel Mazin, Jose Miguel Miranda, M. A. Lopez, S. Rügamer, Juan Abel Barrio, S. Schmidl, T. Steinbring, Francesco Dazzi, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, C. Delgado Mendez, G. Maneva, Stefano Covino, B. Biasuzzi, A. Dettlaff, M. Hayashida, D. Hildebrand, Francesco Longo, G. De Caneva, D. Fidalgo, Daniela Dorner, Jose Luis Contreras, Wolfgang Rhode, M. I. Martínez, Marc Ribó, S. Bonnefoy, K. Saito, Natalia Lewandowska, Patrick Vogler, E. Colombo, M. Gaug, Juan Cortina, D. Tescaro, Roberto Cecchi, P. Bangale, H. Wetteskind, A. La Barbera, A. Deangelis, J. Herrera, Hidetoshi Kubo, Sabrina Einecke, S. R. Gozzini, Luis Ángel Tejedor, M. V. Fonseca, Hanna Kellermann, Koji Noda, Louis Antonelli, G. Bonnoli, J. Rodriguez Garcia, Elisa Bernardini, X. Paredes-Fortuny, J. Hose, U. Menzel, K. Kodani, J. Storz, Yusuke Konno, Christian Fruck, A. Sillanpää, D. Elsaesser, L. O. Takalo, F. Borracci, W. Haberer, H. Takami, Oscar Blanch, K. Frantzen, P. G. Prada Moroni, Diego F. Torres, W. Bednarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, V. Kadenius, S. Paiano, Ll. Font, D. Garrido Terrats, A. Lorca, Karl Mannheim, O. Tibolla, Alicia López-Oramas, T. Schweizer, Felix Spanier, R. Mirzoyan, P. Munar-Adrover, D. Eisenacher, V. Scalzotto, Markus Garczarczyk, N. Mankuzhiyil, Juri Poutanen, Kyoshi Nishijima, D. Dominis Prester, Y. Hanabata, C. Schultz, V. Scapin, P. Antoranz, M. L. Knoetig, Ana Babić, Julia Thaele, E. Carmona, Kari Nilsson, M. Will, L. Maraschi, E. Prandini, Tomislav Terzić, R. Reinthal, M. Negrello, Damir Lelas, Dorota Sobczyńska, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Jelena Aleksić, A. Niedzwiecki, David Paneque, M. Barcelo, D. Galindo, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Julian Sitarek, Daniela Hadasch, T. Toyama, Junko Kushida, P. Da Vela, J. Schlammer, Universitat de Barcelona, Aleksić, J, Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barceló, M., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Bitossi, M., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Cecchi, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Corti, D., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., Deangelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Dettlaff, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Fidalgo, D., Fink, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Haberer, W., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Illa, J. M., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lemus, J. L., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorca, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Negrello, M., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Rügamer, S., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schlammer, J., Schmidl, S., Schweizer, T., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vogler, P., Wetteskind, H., Will, M., and Zanin, R.

Subjects
Astrofísica, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, MAGIC, Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, Instruments, TeV astrophysics, Very High Energy Gamma Rays, Stereoscopy, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Raigs gamma, law, Overall performance, MAGIC (telescope), TeV, astrophysics, CRAB-NEBULA, PERFORMANCE, STEREO, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrument, Upgrade, ddc:540, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Electricidad, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, TeV astrophysic, Noise (radio), Computer hardware, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, Very High Energy Gamma Ray, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, ta115, Telescopis, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gamma rays, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope, business, astro-ph.IM, Telescopes
Abstract

The MAGIC telescopes are two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) located on the Canary island of La Palma. The telescopes are designed to measure Cherenkov light from air showers initiated by gamma rays in the energy regime from around 50 GeV to more than 50 TeV. The two telescopes were built in 2004 and 2009, respectively, with different cameras, triggers and readout systems. In the years 2011-2012 the MAGIC collaboration undertook a major upgrade to make the stereoscopic system uniform, improving its overall performance and easing its maintenance. In particular, the camera, the receivers and the trigger of the first telescope were replaced and the readout of the two telescopes was upgraded. This paper (Part I) describes the details of the upgrade as well as the basic performance parameters of MAGIC such as raw data treatment, dead time of the system, linearity in the electronic chain and sources of noise. In Part II, we describe the physics performance of the upgraded system., 19 pages, 18 figures, accepted by Astroparticle Physics

Published
2016

31. Long-term multi-wavelength variability and correlation study of Markarian 421 from 2007 to 2009

Author

E. Moretti, Alessandro Carosi, D. Nakajima, Kyoshi Nishijima, Arka Chatterjee, C. M. Raiteri, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, D. Fidalgo, Jose Miguel Miranda, D. Dominis Prester, Yusuke Konno, B. Jordan, Aaron Dominguez, L. Perri, Elena G. Larionova, Marina Manganaro, Kari Nilsson, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, Wen Ping Chen, M. Will, A. La Barbera, D. Galindo, R. Zanin, Merja Tornikoski, Mosè Mariotti, Dario Hrupec, K. Kodani, S. N. Shore, Louis Antonelli, D. Eisenacher Glawion, Max Ludwig Ahnen, X. Paredes-Fortuny, M. Nievas Rosillo, J. E. Ward, A. González Muñoz, Adrian Biland, A.-K. Overkemping, Razmik Mirzoyan, U. Barres de Almeida, J. Palacio, Dmitry A. Blinov, G. Pedaletti, M. A. Lopez, Juri Poutanen, Konstancja Satalecka, Sofia O. Kurtanidze, Michele Doro, U. Menzel, J. M. Paredes, S. Bonnefoy, Givi N. Kimeridze, Thomas Bretz, E. N. Kopatskaya, M. H. Wu, Antonio Stamerra, K. Frantzen, J. Rico, M. Villata, P. Giammaria, Damir Lelas, Alexander Hahn, Y. Hanabata, E. Forné, F. Di Pierro, Jose Luis Contreras, H. C. Lin, R. López-Coto, I. Snidaric, Daniela Dorner, Dariusz Gora, A. Niedzwiecki, F. Borracci, Gareth Hughes, P. Antoranz, Juan Abel Barrio, Juan Cortina, Saverio Lombardi, L. V. Larionova, Ivan S. Troitsky, David Paneque, Dorota Sobczyńska, P. Temnikov, S. Paiano, Karl Mannheim, B. Biasuzzi, M. Gaug, J. Herrera, Talvikki Hovatta, Junko Kushida, Diego F. Torres, Wolfgang Rhode, D. Guberman, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, M. G. Nikolashvili, P. Da Vela, Francesco Longo, J. Hose, D. Garrido Terrats, J. Becerra González, E. Prandini, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, D. Elsaesser, Vitaly Neustroev, D. Hadasch, Julia Thaele, P. G. Prada Moroni, R. Clavero, Markus Garczarczyk, Valeri M. Larionov, R. Ligustri, H. Takami, W. Bednarek, Julian Sitarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, J. A. Ros, Abelardo Moralejo, M. Palatiello, Stefano Ansoldi, A. C. Sadun, C. Schultz, Vassil Verguilov, G. Maneva, B. Banerjee, S. Buson, Riccardo Paoletti, T. Steinbring, C. Fruck, Lorand A. Sigua, W. Idec, Ivica Puljak, Francesco Dazzi, A. Fernández-Barral, Pierre Colin, Oscar Blanch, T. S. Grishina, Ana Babić, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, E. Colombo, T. Toyama, O. M. Kurtanidze, G. Bonnoli, Elina Lindfors, Anne Lähteenmäki, M. Hayashida, D. A. Morozova, L. O. Takalo, Masahiro Teshima, Ekaterina Koptelova, A. Sillanpää, B. De Lotto, Ievgen Vovk, L. Maraschi, Tomislav Terzić, T. Schweizer, Reiko Orito, Daniel Mazin, Marc Ribó, P. Bangale, Hidetoshi Kubo, Stefano Covino, Tomoki Saito, D. Tescaro, M. Makariev, B. McBreen, M. I. Martínez, Sabrina Einecke, J. Rodriguez Garcia, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, Massimo Persic, Lluis Font, Marcel Strzys, N. V. Efimova, L. Nogués, Universitat de Barcelona, Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Buson, S., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Di Pierro, F., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gora, D., Guberman, D., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Moretti, E., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nogués, L., Orito, R., Overkemping, A, Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Pedaletti, G., Perri, L., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Blinov, D. A., Chen, W. P., Efimova, N. V., Forné, E., Grishina, T. S., Hovatta, T., Jordan, B., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Ligustri, R., Lin, H. C., Mcbreen, B., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Raiteri, C. M., Ros, J. A., Sadun, A. C., Sigua, L. A., Tornikoski, M., Troitsky, I. S., Villata, M., Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
Astrofísica, Astroparticle physics, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 421, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astrophysics, Astroparticle physic, individual: Markarian 421 [BL Lacertae objects], 01 natural sciences, Radiació, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, MAGIC (telescope), Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms], Radiation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Compton scattering, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Light curve, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, astroparticle physics / BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 421 / radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), ddc:520, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We study the multi-band variability and correlations of the TeV blazar Mrk 421 on year time scales, which can bring additional insight on the processes responsible for its broadband emission. We observed Mrk 421 in the very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray range with the Cherenkov telescope MAGIC-I from March 2007 to June 2009 for a total of 96 hours of effective time after quality cuts. The VHE flux variability is quantified with several methods, including the Bayesian Block algorithm, which is applied to data from Cherenkov telescopes for the first time. The 2.3 year long MAGIC light curve is complemented with data from the Swift/BAT and RXTE/ASM satellites and the KVA, GASP-WEBT, OVRO, and Mets\"ahovi telescopes from February 2007 to July 2009, allowing for an excellent characterisation of the multi-band variability and correlations over year time scales. Mrk 421 was found in different gamma-ray emission states during the 2.3 year long observation period. Flares and different levels of variability in the gamma-ray light curve could be identified with the Bayesian Block algorithm. The same behaviour of a quiet and active emission was found in the X-ray light curves measured by Swift/BAT and the RXTE/ASM, with a direct correlation in time. The behaviour of the optical light curve of GASP-WEBT and the radio light curves by OVRO and Mets\"ahovi are different as they show no coincident features with the higher energetic light curves and a less variable emission. The fractional variability is overall increasing with energy. The comparable variability in the X-ray and VHE bands and their direct correlation during both high- and low-activity periods spanning many months show that the electron populations radiating the X-ray and gamma-ray photons are either the same, as expected in the Synchrotron-Self-Compton mechanism, or at least strongly correlated, as expected in electromagnetic cascades., Comment: Corresponding authors: Ann-Kristin Overkemping (ann-kristin.overkemping@tu-dortmund.de), Marina Manganaro (manganaro@iac.es), Diego Tescaro (diego.tescaro@gmail.com), To be published in Astronomy&Astrophysics (A&A), 12 pages, 9 figures

Published
2016

32. Multiwavelength observations of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 in Spring 2008

Author

Pierre Colin, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Kari Nilsson, L. Maraschi, M. Will, Francesco Longo, Tomislav Terzić, Daniela Dorner, C. Pittori, Michael T. Carini, R. Clavero, Louis Antonelli, E. Prandini, Pratik Majumdar, M. V. Fonseca, Mosè Mariotti, K. Kodani, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, M. Makariev, M. Palatiello, Ievgen Vovk, Fabrizio Tavecchio, S. N. Shore, M. Gaug, J. Herrera, J. Palacio, J. M. Paredes, Koji Noda, F. Di Pierro, Antonio Stamerra, Thomas Bretz, Elisa Bernardini, Stefano Covino, T. Schweizer, R. Zanin, D. Dominis Prester, A.-K. Overkemping, Adrian Biland, B. Biasuzzi, R. López-Coto, Juri Poutanen, Nikola Godinovic, R. Reinthal, Benito Marcote, Jose Luis Contreras, Saverio Lombardi, S. Rügamer, Marcel Strzys, R. Walters, Junko Kushida, D. Nakajima, Francesco Dazzi, Juan Abel Barrio, A. Niedzwiecki, P. Da Vela, Juan Cortina, Y. Hanabata, S. Bonnefoy, J. Rico, A. González Muñoz, Razmik Mirzoyan, Oscar Blanch, U. Barres de Almeida, P. Antoranz, Tomoki Saito, D. Tescaro, K. Frantzen, P. Temnikov, E. Colombo, Damir Lelas, K. Mallot, David Paneque, J. Sainio, Arka Chatterjee, M. Hayashida, R. J. García López, L. O. Takalo, Kyoshi Nishijima, Wolfgang Rhode, M. H. Wu, D. Guberman, Dorota Sobczyńska, D. Fidalgo, Gareth Hughes, E. Carmona, Markus Garczarczyk, P. G. Prada Moroni, Anne Lähteenmäki, A. De Angelis, Andrei Berdyugin, A. Pease, S. Paiano, Masahiro Teshima, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, D. Garrido Terrats, G. De Caneva, Alba Fernández-Barral, Stefano Ansoldi, Karl Mannheim, Elina Lindfors, M. I. Martínez, Julian Sitarek, Julia Thaele, Riccardo Paoletti, W. Idec, Massimo Persic, C. Schultz, V. Scapin, Yusuke Konno, F. Lucarelli, Daniel Mazin, Marina Manganaro, Marc Ribó, G. Maneva, T. Toyama, S. Vercellone, D. Galindo, Merja Tornikoski, J. E. Ward, Alicia López-Oramas, Ana Babić, Sabrina Einecke, P. Bangale, Reiko Orito, J. Rodriguez Garcia, Christian Fruck, Hidetoshi Kubo, B. De Lotto, A. La Barbera, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, X. Paredes-Fortuny, J. Hose, D. Elsaesser, M. Nievas Rosillo, H. Takami, B. Banerjee, D. Glawion, Vassil Verguilov, U. Menzel, Diego F. Torres, M. Pasanen, Abelardo Moralejo, A. Sillanpää, T. Steinbring, Ll. Font, I. Snidaric, E. Lorenz, Max Ludwig Ahnen, P. Giammaria, G. Bonnoli, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, F. Borracci, C. Delgado Mendez, Alessandro Carosi, Jose Miguel Miranda, Ivica Puljak, Glawion, D., Universitat de Barcelona, Ahnen, M. L, Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Guberman, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Rügamer, S., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Ward, J. E., Will, M., Wu, M. H., Zanin, R., Lucarelli, F., Pittori, C., Vercellone, S., Berdyugin, A., Carini, M. T., Lähteenmäki, A., Pasanen, M., Pease, A., Sainio, J., Tornikoski, M., Walters, R., Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
galaxie [X-rays], galaxie [Gamma-rays], Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, galaxies: active, gamma-rays, galaxies, X-rays: galaxies, BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, GAMMA-RAY EMISSION, SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS, ALL-SKY SURVEY, LAC, OBJECTS, X-RAY, MAGIC TELESCOPES, SOURCE CATALOG, Astrophysics, Galaxies: active, Gamma-rays: galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 01 natural sciences, Radiació, law.invention, law, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Spectral index, Radiation, Gamma ray, galaxies [Gamma-rays], galaxies [X-rays], Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flare, BL Lac object, Active galactic nucleus, radiation mechanisms, non-thermal galaxies, active gamma-rays, galaxies X-rays, active [Galaxies], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Blazar, ta115, non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Light curve, Galàxies actives, Active galaxies, ddc:520
Abstract

The BL Lac object 1ES 1011+496 was discovered at Very High Energy gamma-rays by MAGIC in spring 2007. Before that the source was little studied in different wavelengths. Therefore a multi-wavelength (MWL) campaign was organized in spring 2008. Along MAGIC, the MWL campaign included the Metsahovi radio observatory, Bell and KVA optical telescopes and the Swift and AGILE satellites. MAGIC observations span from March to May, 2008 for a total of 27.9 hours, of which 19.4 hours remained after quality cuts. The light curve showed no significant variability. The differential VHE spectrum could be described with a power-law function. Both results were similar to those obtained during the discovery. Swift XRT observations revealed an X-ray flare, characterized by a harder when brighter trend, as is typical for high synchrotron peak BL Lac objects (HBL). Strong optical variability was found during the campaign, but no conclusion on the connection between the optical and VHE gamma-ray bands could be drawn. The contemporaneous SED shows a synchrotron dominated source, unlike concluded in previous work based on nonsimultaneous data, and is well described by a standard one zone synchrotron self Compton model. We also performed a study on the source classification. While the optical and X-ray data taken during our campaign show typical characteristics of an HBL, we suggest, based on archival data, that 1ES 1011+496 is actually a borderline case between intermediate and high synchrotron peak frequency BL Lac objects., 13 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2016

33. Insights into the emission of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 through unprecedented broadband observations during 2011 and 2012

Author

Daniela Dorner, E. Prandini, Iain A. Steele, Francesco Dazzi, M. Gaug, J. Herrera, A. Fernández-Barral, M. V. Fonseca, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, E. Colombo, F. Di Pierro, S. Bonnefoy, M. Makariev, Talvikki Hovatta, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, L. O. Takalo, D. Garrido Terrats, J. L. Richards, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Roberta Zanin, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, D. Eisenacher, E. Carmona, Markus Garczarczyk, J. Krause, B. De Lotto, Natalia Lewandowska, P. Da Vela, D. Nakajima, M. Hayashida, V. Scalzotto, U. Menzel, R. Reinthal, Juan Abel Barrio, Carole Mundell, Razmik Mirzoyan, U. Barres de Almeida, Abelardo Moralejo, Damir Lelas, K. Nishijima, Saverio Lombardi, P. G. Prada Moroni, Michele Palatiello, T. Schweizer, C. Delgado Mendez, T. Steinbring, P. Temnikov, D. Fidalgo, Anthony C. S. Readhead, Hanna Kellermann, M. I. Martínez, P. Bangale, Dorota Sobczyńska, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, D. Dominis Prester, Francesco Longo, A. La Barbera, Juri Poutanen, Ana Babić, Stefano Ansoldi, Sabrina Einecke, S. R. Gozzini, Stefano Covino, Riccardo Paoletti, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, Elizaveta Rastorgueva-Foi, M. Strzys, Yusuke Konno, Y. Hanabata, Marc Ribó, J. Rodriguez Garcia, M. Nievas Rosillo, Jelena Aleksić, Kazuo Saito, J. Kushida, P. Antoranz, M. L. Knoetig, R. López-Coto, Diego F. Torres, G. Maneva, Antonio Stamerra, A. Niedzwiecki, Hidetoshi Kubo, S. N. Shore, X. Paredes-Fortuny, Jose Luis Contreras, Adrian Biland, Alessandro Carosi, W. Idec, David Sánchez, B. Biasuzzi, D. Tescaro, Tuomas Savolainen, David Paneque, P. Munar-Adrover, Julian Sitarek, K. Frantzen, J. Rico, I. Lozano, C. Fruck, T. Toyama, G. De Caneva, Juan Cortina, Anne Lähteenmäki, Oscar Blanch, K. Kodani, Masahiro Teshima, D. Hadasch, V. Kadenius, Elina Lindfors, Merja Tornikoski, Alexander B. Pushkarev, Daniel Mazin, Matthew L. Lister, Julia Thaele, Konstancja Satalecka, Louis Antonelli, Michele Doro, S. Paiano, Joni Tammi, F. D'Ammando, G. Bonnoli, K. Mallot, Karl Mannheim, Jose Miguel Miranda, R. J. García López, J. Hose, Massimo Persic, A. Sillanpää, D. Elsaesser, Takashi Saito, H. Takami, Eckart Lorenz, Alicia López-Oramas, V. Scapin, Reiko Orito, D. Galindo, J. Becerra González, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, F. Borracci, J. M. Paredes, A. González Mu. noz, Yuri Y. Kovalev, Kari Nilsson, S. Buson, M. Will, C. Arcaro, I. Snidaric, Thomas Bretz, L. Maraschi, Walter Max-Moerbeck, Tomislav Terzić, Wolfgang Rhode, Patrick Vogler, W. Bednarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, Aleksic J, Ansoldi S, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Arcaro C, Babic A, Bangale P, de Almeida UB, Barrio JA, Gonzalez JB, Bednarek W, Bernardini E, Biasuzzi B, Biland A, Blanch O, Bonnefoy S, Bonnoli G, Borracci F, Bretz T, Carmona E, Carosi A, Colin P, Colombo E, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Covino S, Da Vela P, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Caneva G, De Lotto B, Wilhelmi ED, Mendez CD, Di Pierro F, Prester DD, Dorner D, Doro M, Einecke S, Eisenacher D, Elsaesser D, Fernandez-Barral A, Fidalgo D, Fonseca MV, Font L, Frantzen K, Fruck C, Galindo D, Lopez RJG, Garczarczyk M, Terrats DG, Gaug M, Godinovic N, Munoz AG, Gozzini SR, Hadasch D, Hanabata Y, Hayashida M, Herrera J, Hose J, Hrupec D, Idec W, Kadenius V, Kellermann H, Knoetig ML, Kodani K, Konno Y, Krause J, Kubo H, Kushida J, La Barbera A, Lelas D, Lewandowska N, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, Lopez M, Lopez-Coto R, Lopez-Oramas A, Lorenz E, Lozano I, Makariev M, Mallot K, Maneva G, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Marcote B, Mariotti M, Martinez M, Mazin D, Menzel U, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Moralejo A, Munar-Adrover P, Nakajima D, Neustroev V, Niedzwiecki A, Rosillo MN, Nilsson K, Nishijima K, Noda K, Orito R, Overkemping A, Paiano S, Palatiello M, Paneque D, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Paredes-Fortuny X, Persic M, Poutanen J, Moroni PGP, Prandini E, Puljak I, Reinthal R, Rhode W, Ribo M, Rico J, Garcia JR, Saito T, Saito K, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schweizer T, Shore SN, Sillanpaa A, Sitarek J, Snidaric I, Sobczynska D, Stamerra A, Steinbring T, Strzys M, Takalo L, Takami H, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Terzic T, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Thaele J, Torres DF, Toyama T, Treves A, Vogler P, Will M, Zanin R, Buson S, DAmmando F, Lateenmaki A, Hovatta T, Kovalev YY, Lister ML, Max-Moerbeck W, Mundell C, Pushkarev AB, Rastorgueva-Foi E, Readhead ACS, Richards JL, Tammi J, Sanchez DA, Tornikoski M, Savolainen T, Steele I, Autonomous University of Barcelona, University of Udine, INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, University of Siena, University of Padova, University of Rijeka, Max Planck Institute for Physics, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Complutense University, University of Maryland, College Park, University of Łódź, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, University of Würzburg, CIEMAT, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia, Technische Universität Dortmund, University of Barcelona, Kyoto University, Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Japanese MAGIC Consortium, University of Turku, University of Pisa, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, ICREA, University of Insubria, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Lebedev Physical Institute, Purdue University, National Radio Astronomy Observatory Socorro, University of Liverpool, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Aleksić, J., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Arcaro, C, Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, Michele, Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Vogler, P., Will, M., Zanin, R., Buson, S., D'Ammando, F., Lähteenmäki, A., Hovatta, T., Kovalev, Y. Y., Lister, M. L., Max Moerbeck, W., Mundell, C., Pushkarev, A. B., Rastorgueva Foi, E., Readhead, A. C. S., Richards, J. L., Tammi, J., Sanchez, D. A., Tornikoski, M., Savolainen, T., Steele, I., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universitat de Barcelona

Subjects
Photon, jets [galaxies], Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, law.invention, law, BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 1011+496, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, individual: 1ES 1011+496 [BL Lacertae objects], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, QB, Physics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Superluminal motion, TEV BLAZARS, Polarization (waves), non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Cosmology, BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, GAMMA-RAY EMISSION, X-RAY, LAC OBJECTS, MAGIC TELESCOPE, CRAB-NEBULA, ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION, active [galaxies], galaxies [gamma rays], Spectral energy distribution, Degree of polarization, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Telescope, 0103 physical sciences, galaxie [gamma rays], Blazar, Cosmologia, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Position angle, Galaxies, Galàxies, jet [galaxies], ddc:520, BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 1011+496 – galaxies: active – galaxies: jets – radiation mechanisms: non-thermal – gamma rays: galaxies
Abstract

1ES 1011+496 $(z=0.212)$ was discovered in very high energy (VHE, E >100 GeV) $\gamma$-rays with MAGIC in 2007. The absence of simultaneous data at lower energies led to a rather incomplete characterization of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED). We study the source properties and the emission mechanisms, probing whether a simple one-zone synchrotron-self-Compton (SSC) scenario is able to explain the observed broadband spectrum. We analyzed VHE to radio data from 2011 and 2012 collected by MAGIC, $Fermi$-LAT, $Swift$, KVA, OVRO, and Mets\"ahovi in addition to optical polarimetry data and radio maps from the Liverpool Telescope and MOJAVE. The VHE spectrum was fit with a simple power law with a photon index of $3.69\pm0.22$ and a flux above 150 GeV of $(1.46\pm0.16)\times10^{-11}$ ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. 1ES 1011+496 was found to be in a generally quiescent state at all observed wavelengths, showing only moderate variability from radio to X-rays. A low degree of polarization of less than 10% was measured in optical, while some bright features polarized up to 60% were observed in the radio jet. A similar trend in the rotation of the electric vector position angle was found in optical and radio. The radio maps indicated a superluminal motion of $1.8\pm0.4\,c$, which is the highest speed statistically significantly measured so far in a high-frequency-peaked BL Lac. For the first time, the high-energy bump in the broadband SED of 1ES 1011+496 could be fully characterized from 0.1 GeV to 1 TeV which permitted a more reliable interpretation within the one-zone SSC scenario. The polarimetry data suggest that at least part of the optical emission has its origin in some of the bright radio features, while the low polarization in optical might be due to the contribution of parts of the radio jet with different orientations of the magnetic field to the optical emission., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures

Published
2016

34. Abstracts

Author

V. Dunet, A. Dabiri, G. Allenbach, A. Goyeneche Achigar, B. Waeber, F. Feihl, R. Heinzer, J. O. Prior, J. E. Van Velzen, J. D. Schuijf, F. R. De Graaf, M. A. De Graaf, M. J. Schalij, L. J. Kroft, A. De Roos, J. W. Jukema, E. E. Van Der Wall, J. J. Bax, E. Lankinen, A. Saraste, T. Noponen, R. Klen, M. Teras, T. Kokki, S. Kajander, M. Pietila, H. Ukkonen, J. Knuuti, A. P. Pazhenkottil, R. N. Nkoulou, J. R. Ghadri, B. A. Herzog, R. R. Buechel, S. M. Kuest, M. Wolfrum, O. Gaemperli, L. Husmann, P. A. Kaufmann, D. Andreini, G. Pontone, S. Mushtaq, L. Antonioli, E. Bertella, A. Formenti, S. Cortinovis, G. Ballerini, C. Fiorentini, M. Pepi, A. S. Koh, J. S. Flores, F. Y. J. Keng, R. S. Tan, T. S. J. Chua, A. D. Annoni, G. Tamborini, M. Fusari, A. L. Bartorelli, S. H. Ewe, A. C. T. Ng, V. Delgado, J. Schuijf, F. Van Der Kley, A. Colli, A. De Weger, N. A. Marsan, K. H. Yiu, A. C. Ng, S. A. J. Timmer, P. Knaapen, T. Germans, P. A. Dijkmans, M. Lubberink, J. M. Ten Berg, F. J. Ten Cate, I. K. Russel, A. A. Lammertsma, A. C. Van Rossum, Y. Y. Wong, G. Ruiter, P. Raijmakers, W. J. Van Der Laarse, N. Westerhof, A. Vonk-Noordegraaf, G. Youssef, E. Leung, G. Wisenberg, C. Marriot, K. Williams, J. Etele, R. A. Dekemp, J. Dasilva, D. Birnie, R. S. B. Beanlands, R. C. Thompson, A. H. Allam, L. S. Wann, A. H. Nureldin, G. Adelmaksoub, I. Badr, M. L. Sutherland, J. D. Sutherland, M. I. Miyamoto, G. S. Thomas, H. J. Harms, S. De Haan, M. C. Huisman, R. C. Schuit, A. D. Windhorst, C. Allaart, A. J. Einstein, T. Khawaja, C. Greer, A. Chokshi, M. Jones, K. Schaefle, K. Bhatia, D. Shimbo, P. C. Schulze, A. Srivastava, R. Chettiar, J. Moody, C. Weyman, D. Natale, W. Bruni, Y. Liu, E. Ficaro, A. J. Sinusas, A. Peix, E. Batista, L. O. Cabrera, K. Padron, L. Rodriguez, B. Sainz, V. Mendoza, R. Carrillo, Y. Fernandez, E. Mena, A. Naum, T. Bach-Gansmo, N. Kleven-Madsen, M. Biermann, B. Johnsen, J. Aase Husby, S. Rotevatn, J. E. Nordrehaug, J. Schaap, R. M. Kauling, M. C. Post, B. J. W. M. Rensing, J. F. Verzijlbergen, J. Sanchez, G. Giamouzis, N. Tziolas, P. Georgoulias, G. Karayannis, A. Chamaidi, N. Zavos, K. Koutrakis, G. Sitafidis, J. Skoularigis, F. Triposkiadis, S. Radovanovic, A. Djokovic, D. V. Simic, M. Krotin, A. Savic-Radojevic, M. Pljesa-Ercegovac, M. Zdravkovic, J. Saponjski, S. Jelic, T. Simic, R. Eckardt, B. J. Kjeldsen, L. I. Andersen, T. Haghfelt, P. Grupe, A. Johansen, B. Hesse, H. Pena, G. Cantinho, M. Wilk, Y. Srour, F. Godinho, N. Zafrir, A. Gutstein, I. Mats, A. Battler, A. Solodky, E. Sari, N. Singh, A. Vara, A. M. Peters, A. De Belder, S. Nair, N. Ryan, R. James, S. Dizdarevic, G. Depuey, M. Friedman, R. Wray, R. Old, H. Babla, B. Chuanyong, J. Maddahi, E. Tragardh Johansson, K. Sjostrand, L. Edenbrandt, S. Aguade-Bruix, G. Cuberas-Borros, M. N. Pizzi, M. Sabate-Fernandez, G. De Leon, D. Garcia-Dorado, J. Castell-Conesa, J. Candell-Riera, D. Casset-Senon, M. Edjlali-Goujon, D. Alison, A. Delhommais, P. Cosnay, C. S. Low, A. Notghi, J. O'brien, A. C. Tweddel, N. Bingham, P. O Neil, M. Harbinson, O. Lindner, W. Burchert, M. Schaefers, C. Marcassa, R. Campini, P. Calza, O. Zoccarato, A. Kisko, J. Kmec, M. Babcak, M. Vereb, M. Vytykacova, J. Cencarik, P. Gazdic, J. Stasko, A. Abreu, E. Pereira, L. Oliveira, P. Colarinha, V. Veloso, I. Enriksson, G. Proenca, P. Delgado, L. Rosario, J. Sequeira, I. Kosa, I. Vassanyi, C. S. Egyed, G. Y. Kozmann, S. Morita, M. Nanasato, I. Nanbu, Y. Yoshida, H. Hirayama, A. Allam, A. Sharef, I. Shawky, M. Farid, M. Mouden, J. P. Ottervanger, J. R. Timmer, M. J. De Boer, S. Reiffers, P. L. Jager, S. Knollema, G. M. Nasr, M. Mohy Eldin, M. Ragheb, I. Casans-Tormo, R. Diaz-Exposito, F. J. Hurtado-Mauricio, R. Ruano, M. Diego, F. Gomez-Caminero, C. Albarran, A. Martin De Arriba, A. Rosero, R. Lopez, C. Martin Luengo, J. R. Garcia-Talavera, I. E. K. Laitinen, M. Rudelius, E. Weidl, G. Henriksen, H. J. Wester, M. Schwaiger, X. B. Pan, T. Schindler, A. Quercioli, H. Zaidi, O. Ratib, J. M. Declerck, E. Alexanderson Rosas, R. Jacome, M. Jimenez-Santos, E. Romero, M. A. Pena-Cabral, A. Meave, J. Gonzalez, F. Rouzet, L. Bachelet, J. M. Alsac, M. Suzuki, L. Louedec, A. Petiet, F. Chaubet, D. Letourneur, J. B. Michel, D. Le Guludec, A. Aktas, A. Cinar, G. Yaman, T. Bahceci, K. Kavak, A. Gencoglu, A. Jimenez-Heffernan, E. Sanchez De Mora, J. Lopez-Martin, R. Lopez-Aguilar, C. Ramos, C. Salgado, A. Ortega, C. Sanchez-Gonzalez, J. Roa, A. Tobaruela, S. V. Nesterov, O. Turta, M. Maki, C. Han, D. Daou, M. Tawileh, S. O. Chamouine, C. Coaguila, E. Mariscal-Labrador, N. Kisiel-Gonzalez, P. De Araujo Goncalves, P. J. Sousa, H. Marques, J. O'neill, J. Pisco, R. Cale, J. Brito, A. Gaspar, F. P. Machado, J. Roquette, M. Martinez, G. Melendez, E. Kimura, J. M. Ochoa, A. M. Alessio, A. Patel, R. Lautamaki, F. M. Bengel, J. B. Bassingthwaighte, J. H. Caldwell, K. Rahbar, H. Seifarth, M. Schafers, L. Stegger, T. Spieker, A. Hoffmeier, D. Maintz, H. Scheld, O. Schober, M. Weckesser, H. Aoki, I. Matsunari, K. Kajinami, M. Martin Fernandez, M. Barreiro Perez, O. V. Fernandez Cimadevilla, D. Leon Duran, E. Velasco Alonso, J. P. Florez Munoz, L. H. Luyando, C. Templin, C. E. Veltman, J. H. C. Reiber, S. Venuraju, A. Yerramasu, S. Atwal, A. Lahiri, T. Kunimasa, M. Shiba, K. Ishii, J. Aikawa, E. S. J. Kroner, K. T. Ho, Q. W. Yong, K. C. Chua, C. Panknin, C. J. Roos, J. M. Van Werkhoven, A. J. Witkowska-Grzeslo, M. J. Boogers, D. V. Anand, D. Dey, D. Berman, F. Mut, R. Giubbini, L. Lusa, T. Massardo, A. Iskandrian, M. Dondi, A. Sato, Y. Kakefuda, E. Ojima, T. Adachi, A. Atsumi, T. Ishizu, Y. Seo, M. Hiroe, K. Aonuma, M. Kruk, R. Pracon, C. Kepka, J. Pregowski, A. Kowalewska, M. Pilka, M. Opolski, I. Michalowska, Z. Dzielinska, M. Demkow, V. Stoll, N. Sabharwal, A. Chakera, O. Ormerod, H. Fernandes, M. Bernardes, E. Martins, P. Oliveira, T. Vieira, G. Terroso, A. Oliveira, T. Faria, F. Ventura, J. Pereira, S. Fukuzawa, M. Inagaki, J. Sugioka, A. Ikeda, S. Okino, J. 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Manabe, S. Yamada, H. Iwano, S. Chiba, H. Tsutsui, N. Tamaki, I. Vassiliadis, E. Despotopoulos, O. Kaitozis, E. Hatzistamatiou, R. Thompson, J. Hatch, M. Zink, B. S. Gu, G. D. Bae, C. M. Dae, G. H. Min, E. J. Chun, S. I. Choi, M. Al-Mallah, K. Kassem, O. Khawaja, D. Goodman, D. Lipkin, L. Christiaens, B. Bonnet, J. Mergy, D. Coisne, J. Allal, N. Dias Ferreira, D. Leite, J. Rocha, M. Carvalho, D. Caeiro, N. Bettencourt, P. Braga, V. Gama Ribeiro, U. S. Kristoffersen, A. M. Lebech, H. Gutte, R. S. Ripa, N. Wiinberg, C. L. Petersen, G. Jensen, A. Kjaer, C. Bai, R. Conwell, R. D. Folks, L. Verdes-Moreiras, D. Manatunga, A. F. Jacobson, D. Belzer, Y. Hasid, M. Rehling, R. H. Poulsen, L. Falborg, J. T. Rasmussen, L. N. Waehrens, C. W. Heegaard, J. M. U. Silvola, S. Forsback, J. O. Laine, S. Heinonen, S. Ylaherttuala, A. Broisat, M. Ruiz, N. C. Goodman, J. Dimastromatteo, D. K. Glover, F. Hyafil, F. Blackwell, G. Pavon-Djavid, L. Sarda-Mantel, L. J. Feldman, A. Meddahi-Pelle, V. 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Kostina, H. Hommel, G. Feuchtner, O. Pachinger, G. Friedrich, A. M. Stel, J. W. Deckers, V. Gama, A. Ciarka, L. A. Neefjes, N. R. Mollet, E. J. Sijbrands, J. Wilczek, C. Llibre Pallares, O. Abdul-Jawad Altisent, H. Cuellar Calabria, P. Mahia Casado, M. T. Gonzalez-Alujas, A. Evangelista Masip, D. Garcia-Dorado Garcia, Y. Tekabe, X. Shen, Q. Li, J. Luma, D. Weisenberger, A. M. Schmidt, R. Haubner, L. Johnson, L. Sleiman, S. Thorn, M. Hasu, M. Thabet, J. N. Dasilva, S. C. Whitman, D. Genovesi, A. Giorgetti, A. Gimelli, G. Cannizzaro, F. Bertagna, G. Fagioli, M. Rossi, R. Bonini, P. Marzullo, C. A. Paterson, S. A. Smith, A. D. Small, N. E. R. Goodfield, W. Martin, S. Nekolla, H. Sherif, S. Reder, M. Yu, A. Kusch, D. Li, J. Zou, M. S. Lloyd, K. Cao, D. W. Motherwell, A. Rice, G. M. Mccurrach, S. M. Cobbe, M. C. Petrie, I. Al Younis, E. Van Der Wall, T. Mirza, M. Raza, H. Hashemizadeh, L. Santos, B. A. Krishna, F. Perna, M. Lago, M. Leo, G. Pelargonio, G. Bencardino, M. L. Narducci, M. 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Khalid, A. Gonzalez, S. Hechavarria, K. Takamura, S. Fujimoto, R. Nakanishi, S. Yamashina, A. Namiki, J. Yamazaki, K. Koshino, Y. Hashikawa, N. Teramoto, M. Hikake, S. Ishikane, T. Ikeda, H. Iida, Y. Takahashi, N. Oriuchi, H. Higashino, K. Endo, T. Mochizuki, K. Murase, A. Baali, R. Moreno, M. Chau, H. Rousseau, F. Nicoud, P. Dolliner, L. Brammen, G. Steurer, T. Traub-Weidinger, P. Ubl, P. Schaffarich, G. Dobrozemsky, A. Staudenherz, M. Ozgen Kiratli, B. Temelli, N. B. Kanat, T. Aksoy, G. A. Slavich, G. Piccoli, M. Puppato, S. Grillone, D. Gasparini, S. Perruchoud, C. Poitry-Yamate, M. Lepore, R. Gruetter, T. Pedrazzini, D. Anselm, A. Anselm, H. Atkins, J. Renaud, R. Dekemp, I. Burwash, A. Guo, R. Beanlands, C. Glover, I. Vilardi, B. Zangheri, L. Calabrese, P. Romano, A. Bruno, O. C. Fernandez Cimadevilla, V. A. Uusitalo, M. Luotolahti, M. Wendelin-Saarenhovi, J. Sundell, O. Raitakari, S. Huidu, R. Gadiraju, M. Ghesani, Q. Uddin, B. Wosnitzer, N. Takahashi, E. Alhaj, A. Legasto, B. Abiri, K. Elsaban, T. El Khouly, T. El Kammash, A. Al Ghamdi, B. Kyung Deok, K. Bon Seung, Y. Sang Geun, D. Chang Min, and M. Gwan Hong

Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published
2011

35. Fractal study of surface nanostructures of microcrystalline silicon films: From growth kinetics to electronic transport

Author

Hiroaki Okamoto, Y. Sobajima, and T. Toyama

Subjects
Nanostructure, Materials science, Silicon, Nucleation, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Grain growth, Crystallography, Microcrystalline, Fractal, chemistry, Chemical physics, Grain boundary, Thin film
Abstract

We studied surface nanostructures of microcrystalline Si (μc-Si) films and their relationship to electronic transport, based on fractal concepts. Two distinctive nanostructures, i.e. columnar and granular structures, are presented together with the crystallographic preferential orientations. The topological evolution of μc-Si surfaces monitored by atomic force microscope measurements is also discussed. The scaling exponents derived from fractal concepts quantitatively revealed a difference in the topological features of surface evolution related to the nanostructures of μc-Si films, thus providing a new insight into the growth kinetics. Growth kinetics were further evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, the electronic transport of μc-Si is discussed using the lateral size and fractal boundary determined by fractal concepts.

Published
2009

36. Teraelectronvolt pulsed emission from the Crab pulsar detected by MAGIC

Author

MAGIC Collaboration, M. L. Ahnen, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, A. Babic, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, B. Biasuzzi, A. Biland, O. Blanch, S. Bonnefoy, G. Bonnoli, F. Borracci, T. Bretz, S. Buson, E. Carmona, A. Carosi, A. Chatterjee, R. Clavero, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, C. Delgado Mendez, F. Di Pierro, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Eisenacher Glawion, D. Elsaesser, A. Fernández-Barral, D. Fidalgo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, K. Frantzen, C. Fruck, D. Galindo, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, D. Garrido Terrats, M. Gaug, P. Giammaria, N. Godinović, A. González Muñoz, D. Gora, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, Y. Hanabata, M. Hayashida, J. Herrera, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, G. Hughes, W. Idec, K. Kodani, Y. Konno, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. La Barbera, D. Lelas, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, R. López-Coto, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, K. Mallot, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, B. Marcote, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, U. Menzel, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, A. Moralejo, E. Moretti, D. Nakajima, V. Neustroev, A. Niedzwiecki, M. Nievas Rosillo, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, R. Orito, A. Overkemping, S. Paiano, J. Palacio, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, X. Paredes-Fortuny, G. Pedaletti, M. Persic, J. Poutanen, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, J. Rodriguez Garcia, T. Saito, K. Satalecka, C. Schultz, T. Schweizer, S. N. Shore, A. Sillanpää, J. Sitarek, I. Snidaric, D. Sobczynska, A. Stamerra, T. Steinbring, M. Strzys, L. Takalo, H. Takami, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, J. Thaele, D. F. Torres, T. Toyama, A. Treves, V. Verguilov, I. Vovk, J. E. Ward, M. Will, M. H. Wu, and R. Zanin

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Aims: To investigate the extension of the very-high-energy spectral tail of the Crab pulsar at energies above 400 GeV. Methods: We analyzed $\sim$320 hours of good quality data of Crab with the MAGIC telescope, obtained from February 2007 until April 2014. Results: We report the most energetic pulsed emission ever detected from the Crab pulsar reaching up to 1.5 TeV. The pulse profile shows two narrow peaks synchronized with the ones measured in the GeV energy range. The spectra of the two peaks follow two different power-law functions from 70 GeV up to 1.5 TeV and connect smoothly with the spectra measured above 10 GeV by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board of the Fermi satellite. When making a joint fit of the LAT and MAGIC data, above 10 GeV, the photon indices of the spectra differ by 0.5$\pm$0.1. Conclusions: We measured with the MAGIC telescopes the most energetic pulsed photons from a pulsar to date. Such TeV pulsed photons require a parent population of electrons with a Lorentz factor of at least $5\times 10^6$. These results strongly suggest IC scattering off low energy photons as the emission mechanism and a gamma-ray production region in the vicinity of the light cylinder.

Published
2015

37. Very high energy gamma-ray observation of the peculiar transient event Swift J1644+57 with the MAGIC telescopes and AGILE

Author

Abelardo Moralejo, Ivica Puljak, Pierre Colin, T. Krähenbühl, L. A. Antonelli, K. Berger, E. Colombo, S. Bonnefoy, Giacomo Bonnoli, R. Mirzoyan, D. Eisenacher, E. Carmona, Markus Garczarczyk, Fabio Zandanel, Ralph Bock, L. O. Takalo, Nina Nowak, Natalia Lewandowska, Mosè Mariotti, M. Doert, Michael Backes, M. Asensio, Takashi Saito, Juan Abel Barrio, K. Mallot, Fabrizio Tavecchio, R. J. García López, Saverio Lombardi, D. Borla Tridon, Ll. Font, F. Jankowski, C. Schultz, V. Scapin, Reiko Orito, S. Partini, Francesco Longo, Julian Sitarek, Kari Nilsson, M. Salvati, R. Reinthal, J. Hose, Dominik Elsaesser, A. Sillanpää, Steven N. Shore, A. La Barbera, Emanuele Paolo Farina, U. Barres de Almeida, Dario Hrupec, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, Daniela Hadasch, Felix Spanier, P. G. Prada Moroni, J. Moldón, Christian Fruck, T. Toyama, Nijil Mankuzhiyil, W. Idec, Damir Lelas, Patrick Vogler, P. Munar-Adrover, D. Garrido Terrats, Ignasi Reichardt, O. Tibolla, V. Scalzotto, C. Pittori, M. L. Knoetig, Tomislav Terzić, M. Palatiello, Massimo Persic, J. Krause, Dorota Sobczyńska, B. De Lotto, M. A. Lopez, Hajime Takami, Martin Makariev, Oscar Blanch, Riccardo Paoletti, I. Snidaric, Marc Ribó, D. Dominis Prester, Aaron Dominguez, M. V. Fonseca, G. Maneva, Fabrizio Lucarelli, Francesco Dazzi, R. Zanin, A. Saggion, Adrian Biland, J. Kushida, G. De Caneva, S. Klepser, E. Prandini, Jose Luis Contreras, Francisco Prada, Juan Cortina, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, S. Spiro, E. Lorenz, A. De Angelis, Victor Stamatescu, Aldo Treves, J. Rico, Thomas Bretz, B. Steinke, J. Masbou, A. Hadamek, J. Storz, Diego F. Torres, M. I. Martínez, Wolfgang Rhode, J. Becerra González, P. Da Vela, A. Boller, L. Cossio, Daniel Ferenc, Mario Meucci, Artemio Herrero, K. Saito, F. Verrecchia, Q. Weitzel, Tihomir Surić, D. Carreto Fidalgo, V. Kadenius, S. Paiano, Karl Mannheim, C. Delgado Mendez, S. R. Gozzini, Gianluca Giavitto, A. González Muñoz, Daniela Dorner, M. Gaug, Elisa Bernardini, A. López-Oramas, Wlodek Bednarek, Alessandro Carosi, Ruben Lopez-Coto, D. Nakajima, Jose Miguel Miranda, L. Maraschi, Elina Lindfors, Daniel Mazin, Konstancja Satalecka, P. Temnikov, Michele Doro, Shan Sun, Jelena Aleksić, A. Niedzwiecki, David Paneque, Stefano Covino, T. Schweizer, I. Lozano, D. Tescaro, Masahiro Teshima, Robert Wagner, M. Uellenbeck, P. Antoranz, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, J., Aleksić, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, M., Asensio, M., Backe, U., Barres de Almeida, J. A., Barrio, J., Becerra González, W., Bednarek, K., Berger, E., Bernardini, A., Biland, O., Blanch, R. K., Bock, A., Boller, S., Bonnefoy, G., Bonnoli, D., Borla Tridon, T., Bretz, E., Carmona, A., Carosi, D., Carreto Fidalgo, P., Colin, E., Colombo, J. L., Contrera, J., Cortina, L., Cossio, S., Covino, P., Da Vela, F., Dazzi, A., De Angeli, G., De Caneva, B., De Lotto, C., Delgado Mendez, M., Doert, A., Domínguez, D., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, M., Doro, D., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, E., Farina, D., Ferenc, M. V., Fonseca, L., Font, C., Fruck, R. J., García López, M., Garczarczyk, D., Garrido Terrat, M., Gaug, G., Giavitto, N., Godinović, A., González Muñoz, S. R., Gozzini, A., Hadamek, D., Hadasch, A., Herrero, J., Hose, D., Hrupec, W., Idec, F., Jankowski, V., Kadeniu, S., Klepser, M. L., Knoetig, T., Krähenbühl, J., Krause, J., Kushida, A., La Barbera, D., Lela, N., Lewandowska, E., Lindfor, S., Lombardi, M., López, R., López Coto, A., López Orama, E., Lorenz, I., Lozano, M., Makariev, K., Mallot, G., Maneva, N., Mankuzhiyil, K., Mannheim, L., Maraschi, B., Marcote, M., Mariotti, M., Martínez, J., Masbou, D., Mazin, M., Meucci, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, J., Moldón, A., Moralejo, P., Munar Adrover, D., Nakajima, A., Niedzwiecki, K., Nilsson, N., Nowak, R., Orito, S., Paiano, M., Palatiello, D., Paneque, R., Paoletti, J. M., Parede, S., Partini, M., Persic, F., Prada, P. G., Prada Moroni, E., Prandini, I., Puljak, I., Reichardt, R., Reinthal, W., Rhode, M., Ribó, J., Rico, A., Saggion, K., Saito, T. Y., Saito, M., Salvati, K., Satalecka, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, C., Schultz, T., Schweizer, S. N., Shore, A., Sillanpää, J., Sitarek, I., Snidaric, D., Sobczynska, F., Spanier, S., Spiro, V., Stamatescu, A., Stamerra, B., Steinke, J., Storz, S., Sun, T., Surić, L., Takalo, H., Takami, F., Tavecchio, P., Temnikov, T., Terzić, D., Tescaro, M., Teshima, O., Tibolla, D. F., Torre, T., Toyama, A., Treve, M., Uellenbeck, P., Vogler, R. M., Wagner, Q., Weitzel, F., Zandanel, R., Zanin, Longo, Francesco, F., Lucarelli, C., Pittori, and F., Verrecchia

Subjects
Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission, active [Galaxies], Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, TIDAL DISRUPTION, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, galaxies: active, Gamma rays: general, general [Gamma rays], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Tidal disruption event, NEARBY, 0103 physical sciences, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Zenith, Physics, gamma rays: general, non-thermal [Radiation mechanisms], STAR, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Física, MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE, GALAXIES, BLAZARS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxies: active, Galaxy, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Gamma-ray burst, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

Astronomy and astrophysics 552(A112 ), 1-6 (2013). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321197, Context. On March 28, 2011, the BAT instrument on board the Swift satellite detected a new transient event that in the very beginning was classified as a gamma ray burst (GRB). However, the unusual X-ray flaring activity observed from a few hours up to days after the onset of the event made a different nature seem to be more likely. The long-lasting activity in the X-ray band, followed by a delayed brightening of the source in infrared and radio activity, suggested that it is better interpreted as a tidal disruption event that triggered a dormant black hole in the nucleus of the host galaxy and generated an outflowing jet of relativistic matter. Aims. Detecting a very high energy emission component from such a peculiar object would be enable us to constrain the dynamic of the emission processes and the jet model by providing information on the Doppler factor of the relativistic ejecta. Methods. The MAGIC telescopes observed the peculiar source Swift J1644+57 during the flaring phase, searching for gamma-ray emission at very-high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV), starting observations nearly 2.5 days after the trigger time. MAGIC collected a total of 28 h of dataduring 12 nights. The source was observed in wobble mode during dark time at a mean zenith angle of 35◦. Data were reduced using a new image-cleaning algorithm, the so-called sum-cleaning, which guarantees a better noise suppression and a lower energy threshold than the standard analysis procedure. Results. No clear evidence for emission above the energy threshold of 100 GeV was found. MAGIC observations permit one to constrain theemission from the source down to 100 GeV, which favors models that explain the observed lower energy variable emission. Data analysis of simultaneous observations from AGILE, Fermi and VERITAS also provide negative detection, which additionally constrain the self-Compton emission component., Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis

Published
2013

38. The simultaneous low state spectral energy distribution of 1ES 2344+514 from radio to very high energies

Author

MAGIC Collaboration, J. Aleksić(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), L. A. Antonelli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), P. Antoranz(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), M. Asensio(Universidad Complutense, Spain), M. Backes(Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany), U. Barres de Almeida(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), J. A. Barrio(Universidad Complutense, Spain), W. Bednarek(University of Łódź, Poland), K. Berger(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain), E. Bernardini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Biland(ETH Zurich, Switzerland), O. Blanch(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), R. K. Bock(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), A. Boller(ETH Zurich, Switzerland), S. Bonnefoy(Universidad Complutense, Spain), G. Bonnoli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), D. Borla Tridon(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), T. Bretz(Universität Würzburg, Germany), E. Carmona(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Spain), A. Carosi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), D. Carreto Fidalgo(Universität Würzburg, Germany), P. Colin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), E. Colombo(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain), J. L. Contreras(Universidad Complutense, Spain), J. Cortina(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), L. Cossio(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, Italy), S. Covino(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), P. Da Vela(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), F. Dazzi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, Italy), A. De Angelis(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, Italy), G. De Caneva(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), B. De Lotto(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, Italy), C. Delgado Mendez(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Spain), M. Doert(Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany), A. Domínguez(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), D. Dominis Prester(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), D. Dorner(Universität Würzburg, Germany), M. Doro(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain), D. Eisenacher(Universität Würzburg, Germany), D. Elsaesser(Universität Würzburg, Germany), D. Ferenc(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), M. V. Fonseca(Universidad Complutense, Spain), L. Font(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain), C. Fruck(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), R. J. García López(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain), M. Garczarczyk(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain), D. Garrido Terrats(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain), M. Gaug(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain), G. Giavitto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), N. Godinović(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), A. González Muñoz(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), S. R. Gozzini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Hadamek(Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany), D. Hadasch(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), A. Herrero(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain), J. Hose(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), D. Hrupec(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), F. Jankowski(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), V. Kadenius(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), S. Klepser(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), M. L. Knoetig(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), T. Krähenbühl(ETH Zurich, Switzerland), J. Krause(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), J. Kushida(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. La Barbera(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), D. Lelas(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), E. Leonardo(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), N. Lewandowska(Universität Würzburg, Germany), E. Lindfors(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), S. Lombardi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), M. López(Universidad Complutense, Spain), R. López-Coto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), A. López-Oramas(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), E. Lorenz(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), I. Lozano(Universidad Complutense, Spain), M. Makariev(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria), K. Mallot(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), G. Maneva(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria), N. Mankuzhiyil(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, Italy), K. Mannheim(Universität Würzburg, Germany), L. Maraschi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), B. Marcote(Universitat de Barcelona), M. Mariotti(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), M. Martínez(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), J. Masbou(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), D. Mazin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), M. Meucci(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), J. M. Miranda(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), R. Mirzoyan(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), J. Moldón(Universitat de Barcelona), A. Moralejo(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), P. Munar-Adrover(Universitat de Barcelona), D. Nakajima(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), A. Niedzwiecki(University of Łódź, Poland), D. Nieto(Universidad Complutense, Spain), K. Nilsson(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), N. Nowak(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), R. Orito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), S. Paiano(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), M. Palatiello(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, Italy), D. Paneque(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), R. Paoletti(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), J. M. Paredes(Universitat de Barcelona), S. Partini(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), M. Persic(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, Italy), M. Pilia(Università dell'Insubria, Como, Italy), F. Prada(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), P. G. Prada Moroni(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, Italy), E. Prandini(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), I. Puljak(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), I. Reichardt(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), R. Reinthal(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), W. Rhode(Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany), M. Ribó(Universitat de Barcelona), J. Rico(ICREA, Barcelona, Spain), S. Rügamer(Universität Würzburg, Germany), A. Saggion(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), K. Saito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), T. Y. Saito(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), M. Salvati(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), K. Satalecka(Universidad Complutense, Spain), V. Scalzotto(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), V. Scapin(Universidad Complutense, Spain), C. Schultz(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), T. Schweizer(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), S. N. Shore(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, Italy), A. Sillanpää(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), J. Sitarek(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), I. Snidaric(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), D. Sobczynska(University of Łódź, Poland), F. Spanier(Universität Würzburg, Germany), S. Spiro(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), V. Stamatescu(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, Spain), A. Stamerra(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, Italy), B. Steinke(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), J. Storz(Universität Würzburg, Germany), S. Sun(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), T. Surić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), L. Takalo(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), H. Takami(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), F. Tavecchio(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, Italy), P. Temnikov(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria), T. Terzić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, Croatia), D. Tescaro(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain), M. Teshima(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), O. Tibolla(Universität Würzburg, Germany), D. F. Torres(ICREA, Barcelona, Spain), T. Toyama(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), A. Treves(Università dell'Insubria, Como, Italy), M. Uellenbeck(Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany), P. Vogler(ETH Zurich, Switzerland), R. M. Wagner(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München, Germany), Q. Weitzel(ETH Zurich, Switzerland), F. Zandanel(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), R. Zanin(Universitat de Barcelona), The MAGIC Collaboration(Università di Trieste, and INFN Trieste, Italy), F. Longo(Università di Trieste, and INFN Trieste, Italy), F. Lucarelli(Agenzia Spaziale Italiana), C. Pittori(Agenzia Spaziale Italiana), S. Vercellone(INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Italy), for the AGILE team(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), D. Bastieri(Università di Padova and INFN Padova, Italy), C. Sbarra(INFN Padova, Italy), for the Fermi-LAT Collaboration(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Germany), E. Angelakis(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Germany), L. Fuhrmann(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Germany), I. Nestoras(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Germany), T. P. Krichbaum(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Germany), A. Sievers(Instituto de Radio Astronoma Milimétrica, Spain), J. A. Zensus(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Germany), for the F-GAMMA program(Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Ukraine), K. A. Antonyuk(Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Ukraine), W. Baumgartner(Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA), A. Berduygin(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), M. Carini(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western Kentucky University, USA), K. Cook(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western Kentucky University, USA), N. Gehrels(Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA), M. Kadler(Universität Würzburg, Germany), Yu. A. Kovalev(Astro Space Center of Lebedev Physical Institute, 117997 Moscow, Russia), Y. Y. Kovalev(Astro Space Center of Lebedev Physical Institute, 117997 Moscow, Russia), F. Krauss(Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany), H. A. Krimm(Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA), A. Lähteenmäki(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Finland), M. L. Lister(Department of Physics, Purdue University, USA), W. Max-Moerbeck(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, USA), M. Pasanen(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), A. B. Pushkarev(Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia), A. C. S. Readhead(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, USA), J. L. Richards(Department of Physics, Purdue University, USA), J. Sainio(Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Finland), D. N. Shakhovskoy(Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Ukraine), K. V. Sokolovsky(Astro Space Center of Lebedev Physical Institute, 117997 Moscow, Russia), M. Tornikoski(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Finland), J. Tueller(Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA), M. Weidinger(Theoretische Physik IV, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany), J. Wilms(Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany), Anne Lähteenmäki Group, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Institut de Física d’Altes Energies [Barcelone] (IFAE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universitat de València (UV), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] (TU), IEEC-CSIC, Departamento de Ecología e Hidrología, Universidad de Murcia, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire d'études dynamiques et structurales de la sélectivité (LEDSS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Departament d'Astronomia i Meteorologia [Barcelona] (DAM), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (INFN, Sezione di Padova), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) (MPI-P), Instituto de Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, UNAM, Institute for Physical Research (IPR), National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia [Yerevan] (NAS RA), Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OAT), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), INAF-Cagliari Astronomical Observatory, Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC (IFT), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Dept. of Physics, Institut de Ciencies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Kao Group, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Optoelectronic Research Centre, University of Southampton, Department of Chemistry, Oulu, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (OAB), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], Universita degli studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' [Napoli], Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Palermo (IASF-Pa), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), DAAA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Meudon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, University of Bath [Bath], Waves and Solitons LLC, 918 W. Windsong Dr., Caltech Department of Astronomy [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), J., Aleksić, L. A., Antonelli, P., Antoranz, M., Asensio, M., Backe, U., Barres de Almeida, J. A., Barrio, W., Bednarek, K., Berger, E., Bernardini, A., Biland, O., Blanch, R. K., Bock, A., Boller, S., Bonnefoy, G., Bonnoli, D., Borla Tridon, T., Bretz, E., Carmona, A., Carosi, D., Carreto Fidalgo, P., Colin, E., Colombo, J. L., Contrera, J., Cortina, L., Cossio, S., Covino, P., Da Vela, F., Dazzi, A., De Angeli, G., De Caneva, B., De Lotto, C., Delgado Mendez, M., Doert, A., Domínguez, D., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, M., Doro, D., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Ferenc, M. V., Fonseca, L., Font, C., Fruck, R. J., García López, M., Garczarczyk, D., Garrido Terrat, M., Gaug, G., Giavitto, N., Godinović, A., González Muñoz, S. R., Gozzini, A., Hadamek, D., Hadasch, A., Herrero, J., Hose, D., Hrupec, F., Jankowski, V., Kadeniu, S., Klepser, M. L., Knoetig, T., Krähenbühl, J., Krause, J., Kushida, A., La Barbera, D., Lela, E., Leonardo, N., Lewandowska, E., Lindfor, S., Lombardi, M., López, R., López Coto, A., López Orama, E., Lorenz, I., Lozano, M., Makariev, K., Mallot, G., Maneva, N., Mankuzhiyil, K., Mannheim, L., Maraschi, B., Marcote, M., Mariotti, M., Martínez, J., Masbou, D., Mazin, M., Meucci, J. M., Miranda, R., Mirzoyan, J., Moldón, A., Moralejo, P., Munar Adrover, D., Nakajima, A., Niedzwiecki, D., Nieto, K., Nilsson, N., Nowak, R., Orito, S., Paiano, M., Palatiello, D., Paneque, R., Paoletti, J. M., Parede, S., Partini, M., Persic, M., Pilia, F., Prada, P. G., Prada Moroni, E., Prandini, I., Puljak, I., Reichardt, R., Reinthal, W., Rhode, M., Ribó, J., Rico, S., Rügamer, A., Saggion, K., Saito, T. Y., Saito, M., Salvati, K., Satalecka, V., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, C., Schultz, T., Schweizer, S. N., Shore, A., Sillanpää, J., Sitarek, I., Snidaric, D., Sobczynska, F., Spanier, S., Spiro, V., Stamatescu, A., Stamerra, B., Steinke, J., Storz, S., Sun, T., Surić, L., Takalo, H., Takami, F., Tavecchio, P., Temnikov, T., Terzić, D., Tescaro, M., Teshima, O., Tibolla, D. F., Torre, T., Toyama, A., Treve, M., Uellenbeck, P., Vogler, R. M., Wagner, Q., Weitzel, F., Zandanel, R., Zanin, Longo, Francesco, F., Lucarelli, C., Pittori, S., Vercellone, D., Bastieri, C., Sbarra, E., Angelaki, L., Fuhrmann, I., Nestora, T. P., Krichbaum, A., Siever, J. A., Zensu, K. A., Antonyuk, W., Baumgartner, A., Berduygin, M., Carini, K., Cook, N., Gehrel, M., Kadler, Kovalev, Y. u. A., Y. Y., Kovalev, F., Krau, H. A., Krimm, A., Lähteenmäki, M. L., Lister, W., Max Moerbeck, M., Pasanen, A. B., Pushkarev, A. C. S., Readhead, J. L., Richard, J., Sainio, D. N., Shakhovskoy, K. V., Sokolovsky, M., Tornikoski, J., Tueller, M., Weidinger, J., Wilms, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universitat de València (UV), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, The Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), 7990-AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), INAF-OAB, and DAAA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Meudon]

Subjects
galaxies [Gamma rays], Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Flux, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, law.invention, law, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], BL Lacertae objects: individual: 1ES 2344+514, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, galaxies: active, BL Lacerae objects: individual: 1ES 2344+514, gamma rays: galaxies, X-rays: individuals: 1ES 2344+514, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS, GAMMA-RAY EMISSION, SIMULTANEOUS MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS, SELF-COMPTON MODEL, X-RAY, LAC OBJECTS, RELATIVISTIC JETS, MARKARIAN 501, Gamma ray, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], active [galaxies], astro-ph.CO, Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flare, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, education, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 0103 physical sciences, galaxie [gamma rays], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, individual: 1ES 2344+514 [BL Lacertae objects], [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], galaxies [gamma-rays], Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, individuals: 1ES 2344+514 [X-rays], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

Astronomy and Astrophysics 556 (2013): A67 reproduced with permission from Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context. BL Lacertae objects are variable at all energy bands on time scales down to minutes. To construct and interpret their spectral energy distribution (SED), simultaneous broad-band observations are mandatory. Up to now, the number of objects studied during such campaigns is very limited and biased towards high flux states. Aims.We present the results of a dedicated multi-wavelength study of the high-frequency peaked BL Lacertae (HBL) object and known TeV emitter 1ES 2344+514 by means of a pre-organised campaign. Methods.The observations were conducted during simultaneous visibility windows of MAGIC and AGILE in late 2008. The measurements were complemented by Metsähovi, RATAN-600, KVA+Tuorla, Swift and VLBA pointings. Additional coverage was provided by the ongoing long-term F-GAMMA and MOJAVE programs, the OVRO 40-m and CrAO telescopes as well as the Fermi satellite. The obtained SEDs are modelled using a one-zone as well as a self-consistent two-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. Results. 1ES 2344+514 was found at very low flux states in both X-rays and very high energy gamma rays. Variability was detected in the low frequency radio and X-ray bands only, where for the latter a small flare was observed. The X-ray flare was possibly caused by shock acceleration characterised by similar cooling and acceleration time scales. MOJAVE VLBA monitoring reveals a static jet whose components are stable over time scales of eleven years, contrary to previous findings. There appears to be no significant correlation between the 15 GHz and R-band monitoring light curves. The observations presented here constitute the first multi-wavelength campaign on 1ES 2344+514 from radio to VHE energies and one of the few simultaneous SEDs during low activity states. The quasi-simultaneous Fermi-LAT data poses some challenges for SED modelling, but in general the SEDs are described well by both applied models. The resulting parameters are typical for TeV emitting HBLs. Consequently it remains unclear whether a so-called quiescent state was found in this campaign, The support of the German BMBF and MPG, the Italian INFN, the Swiss National Fund SNF, and the Spanish MICINN is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the CPAN CSD2007-00042 and MultiDark CSD2009-00064 projects of the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 programme, by grant 127740 of the Academy of Finland, by the DFG Cluster of Excellence “Origin and Structure of the Universe”, by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, and by the Polish MNiSzW grant 745/N-HESS-MAGIC/2010/0. The AGILE Mission is funded by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), with scientific and programmatic participation by the Italian Institute of Astrophysics (INAF) and the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN). Research partially supported through the ASI grants no. I/089/06/2 and I/042/10/0. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges support from a number of agencies and institutes for both development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and DOE in the United States, CEA/Irfu and IN2P3/CNRS in France, ASI and INFN in Italy, MEXT, KEK, and JAXA in Japan, and the K. A.Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the National Space Board in Sweden. Additional support from INAF in Italy and CNES in France for science analysis during the operations phase is also gratefully acknowledged

Published
2013

39. Very high-energy gamma-ray observations of novae and dwarf novae with the MAGIC telescopes

Author

J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, Juan Cortina, Tomislav Terzić, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, Vitaly Neustroev, M. Hayashida, Marc Ribó, Marina Manganaro, P. Bangale, D. Galindo, Hidetoshi Kubo, B. Biasuzzi, Abelardo Moralejo, H. Takami, Vassil Verguilov, G. Maneva, D. Nakajima, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, Giacomo Bonnoli, Julia Thaele, M. I. Martínez, R. Zanin, Adrian Biland, Arka Chatterjee, P. G. Prada Moroni, T. Steinbring, D. Fidalgo, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, J. Rico, M. Palatiello, Kyoshi Nishijima, Yusuke Konno, Sabrina Einecke, Pratik Majumdar, R. Reinthal, Francesco Dazzi, Gareth Hughes, M. V. Fonseca, K. Kodani, C. Schultz, V. Scapin, J. Rodriguez Garcia, Dominik Elsaesser, U. Barres de Almeida, R. Desiante, Stefano Covino, R. López-Coto, B. Banerjee, Max Ludwig Ahnen, Stefano Ansoldi, A. Niedzwiecki, Riccardo Paoletti, G. De Caneva, Damir Lelas, Massimo Persic, D. Tescaro, David Paneque, K. Saito, J. Palacio, Ievgen Vovk, D. Guberman, Dorota Sobczyńska, Julian Sitarek, J. M. Paredes, Antonio Stamerra, P. Giammaria, L. Maraschi, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, E. Hays, Elina Lindfors, J. Hose, Daniel Mazin, T. Toyama, Hanna Kellermann, B. De Lotto, T. Schweizer, D. Dominis Prester, Ivica Puljak, S. Bonnefoy, R. Clavero, P. Temnikov, Pierre Colin, L. A. Antonelli, Kari Nilsson, M. Will, K. Frantzen, Thomas Bretz, F. Di Pierro, R. Mirzoyan, Juri Poutanen, D. Garrido Terrats, P. Da Vela, Wlodek Bednarek, Alessandro Carosi, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Y. Hanabata, J. A. Barrio, P. Antoranz, E. Carmona, Masahiro Teshima, S. Paiano, Wolfgang Rhode, Karl Mannheim, Jose Miguel Miranda, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Alicia López-Oramas, Ana Babić, F. Borracci, I. Snidaric, Natalia Lewandowska, A. La Barbera, D. Eisenacher Glawion, X. Paredes-Fortuny, M. Nievas Rosillo, E. Lorenz, J. Becerra González, Takashi Saito, Reiko Orito, E. Prandini, U. Menzel, Daniela Dorner, Diego F. Torres, M. Garczarczyk, A. Sillanpää, E. Colombo, M. Gaug, J. Herrera, L. O. Takalo, Francesco Longo, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Lluis Font, Marcel Strzys, Martin Makariev, Oscar Blanch, Alba Fernández-Barral, W. Idec, Christian Fruck, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, A. González Muñoz, Saverio Lombardi, C. Delgado Mendez, Ahnen, M. L, Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Chatterjee, A., Clavero, R., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Delgado Mendez, C., Di Pierro, F., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher Glawion, D., Elsaesser, D., Fernández Barral, A., Fidalgo, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giammaria, P., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Guberman, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Hughes, G., Idec, W., Kellermann, H., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Nakajima, D., Neustroev, V., Niedzwiecki, A., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palacio, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguez Garcia, J., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Verguilov, V., Vovk, I., Will, M., Zanin, R., Desiante, R., Hays, E., and Universitat de Barcelona

Subjects
Proton, Hadron, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Raigs gamma, law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, novae, cataclysmic variables, gamma rays: stars, binaries: general, stars: activity, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Dwarf nova, Novae, Estels binaris de raigs X, astro-ph.HE, Physics, Novae, cataclysmic variable, cataclysmic variables, Binaries: general, Gamma rays: stars, Novae, cataclysmic variables, Stars: activity, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Gamma-rays, stars, Binaries, general, Stars, activity, Gamma ray, X-ray binaries, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, activity [Stars], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Noves (Estels), Telescope, star [Gamma rays], 0103 physical sciences, New stars, general [Binaries], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma rays, Astronomy and Astrophysic, 13. Climate action, ddc:520, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Lepton
Abstract

Context. In the last five years the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) instrument detected GeV {\gamma}-ray emission from five novae. The GeV emission can be interpreted in terms of an inverse Compton process of electrons accelerated in a shock. In this case it is expected that protons in the same conditions can be accelerated to much higher energies. Consequently they may produce a second component in the {\gamma}-ray spectrum at TeV energies. Aims. We aim to explore the very-high-energy domain to search for {\gamma}-ray emission above 50 GeV and to shed light on the acceleration process of leptons and hadrons in nova explosions. Methods. We have performed observations with the MAGIC telescopes of the classical nova V339 Del shortly after the 2013 outburst, triggered by optical and subsequent GeV {\gamma}-ray detec- tions. We also briefly report on VHE observations of the symbiotic nova YY Her and the dwarf nova ASASSN-13ax. We complement the TeV MAGIC observations with the analysis of con- temporaneous Fermi-LAT data of the sources. The TeV and GeV observations are compared in order to evaluate the acceleration parameters for leptons and hadrons. Results. No significant TeV emission was found from the studied sources. We computed upper limits on the spectrum and night-by-night flux. The combined GeV and TeV observations of V339 Del limit the ratio of proton to electron luminosities to Lp, Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2015

40. Multiwavelength observations of Mrk 501 in 2008

Author

MAGIC Collaboration, J. Aleksić(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. Ansoldi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), L. A. Antonelli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Antoranz(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), A. Babic(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), P. Bangale(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), U. Barres de Almeida(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. A. Barrio(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Becerra González(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), W. Bednarek(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), K. Berger(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), E. Bernardini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Biland(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), O. Blanch(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), R. K. Bock(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. Bonnefoy(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), G. Bonnoli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), F. Borracci(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), T. Bretz(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Carmona(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), A. Carosi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), D. Carreto Fidalgo(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), P. Colin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), E. Colombo(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), J. L. Contreras(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Cortina(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. Covino(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Da Vela(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), F. Dazzi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), A. De Angelis(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), G. De Caneva(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), B. De Lotto(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), C. Delgado Mendez(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Doert(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), A. Domínguez(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), D. Dominis Prester(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Dorner(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), M. Doro(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), S. Einecke(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), D. Eisenacher(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. Elsaesser(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Farina(Università dell'Insubria, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy), D. Ferenc(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), M. V. Fonseca(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), L. Font(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), K. Frantzen(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), C. Fruck(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), R. J. García López(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Garczarczyk(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), D. Garrido Terrats(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), M. Gaug(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), G. Giavitto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), N. Godinović(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), A. González Muñoz(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. R. Gozzini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Hadamek(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), D. Hadasch(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), A. Herrero(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), D. Hildebrand(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), J. Hose(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), D. Hrupec(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), W. Idec(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), V. Kadenius(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), H. Kellermann(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), M. L. Knoetig(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), J. Krause(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. Kushida(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. La Barbera(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), D. Lelas(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), N. Lewandowska(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Lindfors(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), S. Lombardi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), M. López(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), R. López-Coto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), A. López-Oramas(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), E. Lorenz(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), I. Lozano(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Makariev(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), K. Mallot(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), G. Maneva(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), N. Mankuzhiyil(2,*), K. Mannheim(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), L. Maraschi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), B. Marcote(Universitat de Barcelona), M. Mariotti(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), M. Martínez(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), D. Mazin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), U. Menzel(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), M. Meucci(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), J. M. Miranda(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), R. Mirzoyan(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Moralejo(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), P. Munar-Adrover(Universitat de Barcelona), D. Nakajima(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. Niedzwiecki(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), K. Nilsson(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), N. Nowak(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), R. Orito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. Overkemping(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), S. Paiano(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), M. Palatiello(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), D. Paneque(6,*), R. Paoletti(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), J. M. Paredes(Universitat de Barcelona), X. Paredes-Fortuny(Universitat de Barcelona), S. Partini(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), M. Persic(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), F. Prada(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), P. G. Prada Moroni(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy), E. Prandini(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), S. Preziuso(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), I. Puljak(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), R. Reinthal(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), W. Rhode(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), M. Ribó(Universitat de Barcelona), J. Rico(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), J. Rodriguez Garcia(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. Rügamer(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), A. Saggion(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), T. Saito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), K. Saito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), M. Salvati(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), K. Satalecka(7,*), V. Scalzotto(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), V. Scapin(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), C. Schultz(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), T. Schweizer(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. N. Shore(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy), A. Sillanpää(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), J. Sitarek(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), I. Snidaric(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Sobczynska(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), F. Spanier(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), V. Stamatescu(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), A. Stamerra(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), T. Steinbring(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), J. Storz(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), S. Sun(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), T. Surić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), L. Takalo(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), F. Tavecchio(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Temnikov(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), T. Terzić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Tescaro(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Teshima(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. Thaele(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), O. Tibolla(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. F. Torres(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), T. Toyama(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Treves(Università dell'Insubria, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy), M. Uellenbeck(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), P. Vogler(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), R. M. Wagner(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), F. Zandanel(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), R. Zanin(Universitat de Barcelona), VERITAS Collaboration(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), B. Behera(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), M. Beilicke(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), W. Benbow(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), R. Bird(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), A. Bouvier(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), V. Bugaev(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), M. Cerruti(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), X. Chen(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), L. Ciupik(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), E. Collins-Hughes(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), W. Cui(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), C. Duke(Department of Physics, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112-1690, USA), J. Dumm(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), A. Falcone(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA), S. Federici(now at GRAPPA Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH), Q. Feng(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. P. Finley(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), L. Fortson(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), A. Furniss(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), N. Galante(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), G. H. Gillanders(School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland), S. Griffin(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), S. T. Griffiths(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA), J. Grube(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), G. Gyuk(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), D. Hanna(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), J. Holder(Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA), C. A. Johnson(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), P. Kaaret(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA), M. Kertzman(Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA), D. Kieda(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA), H. Krawczynski(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), M. J. Lang(School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland), A. S Madhavan(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA), G. Maier(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), P. Majumdar(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA), K. Meagher(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), P. Moriarty(Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland), R. Mukherjee(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA), D. Nieto(Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA), A. O'Faoláin de Bhróithe(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), R. A. Ong(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA), A. N. Otte(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), A. Pichel(Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, Casilla de Correo 67 - Sucursal 28), M. Pohl(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), A. Popkow(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA), H. Prokoph(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), J. Quinn(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), J. Rajotte(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), G. Ratliff(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), L. C. Reyes(Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 94307, USA), P. T. Reynolds(Department of Applied Physics and Instrumentation, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland), G. T. Richards(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), E. Roache(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), G. H. Sembroski(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), K. Shahinyan(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), F. Sheidaei(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA), A. W. Smith(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA), D. Staszak(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), I. Telezhinsky(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), M. Theiling(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. Tyler(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), A. Varlotta(Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), S. Vincent(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), S. P. Wakely(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), T. C. Weekes(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), R. Welsing(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), D. A. Williams(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), A. Zajczyk(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), B. Zitzer(Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA), External Collaborators(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), (INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), M. Villata(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), C. M. Raiteri(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), M. Ajello(Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA), M. Perri(ASI-Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico, I-00133 Rome, Italy), H. D. Aller(Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042, USA), M. F. Aller(Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042, USA), V. M. Larionov(Astron. Inst., St.-Petersburg State Univ., Russia), N. V. Efimova(Astron. Inst., St.-Petersburg State Univ., Russia), T. S. Konstantinova(Astron. Inst., St.-Petersburg State Univ., Russia), E. N. Kopatskaya(Astron. Inst., St.-Petersburg State Univ., Russia), W. P. Chen(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd., Jhongli 32001, Taiwan), E. Koptelova(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd., Jhongli 32001, Taiwan), H. Y. Hsiao(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd., Jhongli 32001, Taiwan), O. M. Kurtanidze(Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia), M. G. Nikolashvili(Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia), G. N. Kimeridze(Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia), B. Jordan(School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute For Advanced Studies, Ireland), P. Leto(INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Italy), C. S. Buemi(INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Italy), C. Trigilio(INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Italy), G. Umana(INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Italy), A. Lahtenmaki(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), E. Nieppola(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), M. Tornikoski(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), J. Sainio(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), M. Giroletti(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy), A. Cesarini(University of Trento, Department of Physics, I38050 Povo, Trento, Italy), L. Fuhrmann(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), Yu. A. Kovalev(Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute, 117997), Y. Y. Kovalev(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), Anne Lähteenmäki Group, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Universitat de Barcelona, School services, ELEC, and ~

Subjects
extragalactic background light, Ciencias Físicas, Flux, Electron, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Raigs gamma, bl lacertae objects, law, individual: Mrk 501 [BL Lacertae objects], Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, 213 Electronic, automation and communications engineering, electronics, Astroparticle physics, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 501, Gamma rays: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Synchrotron, individual: Mrk 50 [BL Lacertae objects], Homogeneous, astroparticle physics, Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, 1171 Geosciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, emitting electrons, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 114 Physical sciences, bl lacertae objects: individual: mrk 501, crab-nebula, Blazar, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, tev blazars, variability, 221 Nanotechnology, Gamma rays, Individual: Mrk 501, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], gamma rays: general, Galaxies, gamma-ray emission, telescope system, Galàxies, Active Galaxies, blazars, gamma-rays, Mrk 501, Astronomía, Crab Nebula, x-ray, 115 Astronomy and space science, Low emission, 216 Materials engineering, Galàxies actives, active galactic nuclei, Active galaxies, ddc:520, general [gamma rays]
Abstract

Mrk 501 is one of the brightest blazars at TeV energies and has been extensively studied since its first VHE detection in 1996. Our goal is to characterize in detail the source gamma-ray emission, together with the radio-to-X-ray emission, during the non-flaring (low) activity, which is less often studied than the occasional flaring (high) activity. We organized a multiwavelength (MW) campaign on Mrk 501 between March and May 2008. This multi-instrument effort included the most sensitive VHE gamma-ray instruments in the northern hemisphere, namely the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes MAGIC and VERITAS, as well as Swift, RXTE, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments. Mrk 501 was found to be in a low state of activity during the campaign, with a VHE flux in the range of 10%-20% of the Crab nebula flux. Nevertheless, significant flux variations were detected with various instruments, with a trend of increasing variability with energy. The broadband spectral energy distribution during the two different emission states of the campaign can be adequately described within the homogeneous one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model, with the (slightly) higher state described by an increase in the electron number density. This agrees with previous studies of the broadband emission of this source during flaring and non-flaring states. We report for the first time a tentative X-ray-to-VHE correlation during a low VHE activity. Although marginally significant, this positive correlation between X-ray and VHE, which has been reported many times during flaring activity, suggests that the mechanisms that dominate the X-ray/VHE emission during non-flaring-activity are not substantially different from those that are responsible for the emission during flaring activity., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2015

41. The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 421: Variability and correlation studies

Author

MAGIC Collaboration, J. Aleksić(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. Ansoldi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), L. A. Antonelli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Antoranz(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), A. Babic(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), P. Bangale(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), U. Barres de Almeida(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. A. Barrio(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Becerra González(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), W. Bednarek(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), K. Berger(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), E. Bernardini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Biland(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), O. Blanch(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), R. K. Bock(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. Bonnefoy(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), G. Bonnoli(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), F. Borracci(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), T. Bretz(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Carmona(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), A. Carosi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), D. Carreto Fidalgo(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), P. Colin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), E. Colombo(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), J. L. Contreras(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Cortina(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. Covino(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Da Vela(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), F. Dazzi(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), A. De Angelis(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), G. De Caneva(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), B. De Lotto(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), C. Delgado Mendez(Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Doert(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), A. Domínguez(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), D. Dominis Prester(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Dorner(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), M. Doro(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), S. Einecke(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), D. Eisenacher(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. Elsaesser(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Farina(Università dell'Insubria, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy), D. Ferenc(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), M. V. Fonseca(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), L. Font(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), K. Frantzen(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), C. Fruck(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), R. J. García López(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Garczarczyk(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), D. Garrido Terrats(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), M. Gaug(Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), G. Giavitto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), N. Godinović(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), A. González Mu\ noz(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), S. R. Gozzini(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Hadamek(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), D. Hadasch(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), A. Herrero(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), D. Hildebrand(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), J. Hose(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), D. Hrupec(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), W. Idec(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), V. Kadenius(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), H. Kellermann(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), M. L. Knoetig(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), J. Krause(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. Kushida(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. La Barbera(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), D. Lelas(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), N. Lewandowska(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Lindfors(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), F. Longo(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), S. Lombardi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), M. López(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), R. López-Coto(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), A. López-Oramas(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), E. Lorenz(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), I. Lozano(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Makariev(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), K. Mallot(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), G. Maneva(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), N. Mankuzhiyil(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), K. Mannheim(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), L. Maraschi(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), B. Marcote(Universitat de Barcelona), M. Mariotti(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), M. Martínez(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), D. Mazin(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), U. Menzel(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), M. Meucci(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), J. M. Miranda(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), R. Mirzoyan(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Moralejo(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), P. Munar-Adrover(Universitat de Barcelona), D. Nakajima(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. Niedzwiecki(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), K. Nilsson(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), N. Nowak(6,32,*), R. Orito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), A. Overkemping(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), S. Paiano(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), M. Palatiello(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), D. Paneque(6,*), R. Paoletti(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), J. M. Paredes(Universitat de Barcelona), X. Paredes-Fortuny(Universitat de Barcelona), S. Partini(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), M. Persic(Università di Udine, and INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy), F. Prada(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), P. G. Prada Moroni(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy), E. Prandini(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), S. Preziuso(Università di Siena, and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy), I. Puljak(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), R. Reinthal(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), W. Rhode(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), M. Ribó(Universitat de Barcelona), J. Rico(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), J. Rodriguez Garcia(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. Rügamer(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), A. Saggion(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), K. Saito(Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan), M. Salvati(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), K. Satalecka(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), V. Scalzotto(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), V. Scapin(Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain), C. Schultz(Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy), T. Schweizer(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), S. N. Shore(Università di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy), A. Sillanpää(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), J. Sitarek(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), I. Snidaric(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Sobczynska(University of Lodz, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland), F. Spanier(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), V. Stamatescu(IFAE, Edifici Cn., Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain), A. Stamerra(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), T. Steinbring(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), J. Storz(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), S. Sun(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), T. Surić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), L. Takalo(Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland), F. Tavecchio(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), P. Temnikov(Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), T. Terzić(Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia), D. Tescaro(Inst. de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), M. Teshima(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), J. Thaele(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), O. Tibolla(Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. F. Torres(Institut de Ciències de l'Espai), T. Toyama(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), A. Treves(Università dell'Insubria, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy), M. Uellenbeck(Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany), P. Vogler(ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland), R. M. Wagner(Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany), F. Zandanel(Inst. de Astrofísica de Andalucía), R. Zanin(Universitat de Barcelona), VERITAS collaboration(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), (Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), S. Archambault(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), B. Behera(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), M. Beilicke(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), W. Benbow(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), R. Bird(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), J. H. Buckley(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), V. Bugaev(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), M. Cerruti(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), X. Chen(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), L. Ciupik(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), E. Collins-Hughes(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), W. Cui(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. Dumm(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), J. D. Eisch(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA), A. Falcone(Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA), S. Federici(DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany), Q. Feng(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. P. Finley(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), H. Fleischhack(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), P. Fortin(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), L. Fortson(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), A. Furniss(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), S. Griffin(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), S. T. Griffiths(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA), J. Grube(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), G. Gyuk(Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA), D. Hanna(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), J. Holder(Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA), G. Hughes(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), T. B. Humensky(Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA), C. A. Johnson(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), P. Kaaret(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA), M. Kertzman(Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA), Y. Khassen(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), D. Kieda(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA), H. Krawczynski(Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA), F. Krennrich(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA), S. Kumar(Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA), M. J. Lang(School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland), G. Maier(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), S. McArthur(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), K. Meagher(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), P. Moriarty(Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland), R. Mukherjee(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA), R. A. Ong(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA), A. N. Otte(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), N. Park(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), A. Pichel(Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, Casilla de Correo 67 - Sucursal 28), M. Pohl(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), A. Popkow(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA), H. Prokoph(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), J. Quinn(School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), K. Ragan(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), J. Rajotte(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), P. T. Reynolds(Department of Applied Physics and Instrumentation, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland), G. T. Richards(School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430), E. Roache(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), A. C. Rovero(Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, Casilla de Correo 67 - Sucursal 28), G. H. Sembroski(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), K. Shahinyan(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), D. Staszak(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), I. Telezhinsky(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), M. Theiling(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. V. Tucci(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), J. Tyler(Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada), A. Varlotta(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA), S. P. Wakely(Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA), T. C. Weekes(Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA), A. Weinstein(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA), R. Welsing(Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron), A. Wilhelm(Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany), D. A. Williams(Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA), B. Zitzer(Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA), External collaborators(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), (INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), M. Villata(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), C. Raiteri(INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese), H. D. Aller(Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042, USA), M. F. Aller(Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1042, USA), W. P. Chen(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan), B. Jordan(School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin, 2, Ireland), E. Koptelova(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan), O. M. Kurtanidze(Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia), A. Lähteenmäki(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), B. McBreen(University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland), V. M. Larionov(Isaac Newton Institute of Chile, St. Petersburg Branch, St. Petersburg, Russia), C. S. Lin(Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli 32054, Taiwan), M. G. Nikolashvili(Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia), E. Angelakis(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), M. Capalbi(ASI-Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico, I-00133 Rome, Italy), A. Carrami\ nana(Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico), L. Carrasco(Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico), P. Cassaro(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Sezione di Noto, Contrada Renna Bassa, 96017 Noto), A. Cesarini(Department of Physics, University of Trento, I38050, Povo, Trento, Italy), L. Fuhrmann(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), M. Giroletti(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, Italy), T. Hovatta(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125), T. P. Krichbaum(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), H. A. Krimm(Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute, 117997 Moscow, Russia), W. Max-Moerbeck(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125), J. W. Moody(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA), G. Maccaferri(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Stazione Radioastronomica di Medicina, I-40059 Medicina), Y. Mori(Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan), I. Nestoras(Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany), A. Orlati(INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Stazione Radioastronomica di Medicina, I-40059 Medicina), C. Pace(Indiana University, Department of Astronomy, Swain Hall West 319, Bloomington, IN 47405-7105, USA), R. Pearson(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA), M. Perri(INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy), A. C. S. Readhead(Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125), J. L. Richards(Department of Physics, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907), A. C. Sadun(Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80220, USA), T. Sakamoto(Department of Physics and Mathematics, College of Science and 952 Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuoku, Sagamihara-shi Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan), J. Tammi(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), M. Tornikoski(Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 FIN-02540 Kylmälä Finland), Y. Yatsu(Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan), A. Zook(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pomona College, Claremont CA 91711-6312, USA), Aleksić, J, Ansoldi, Stefano, Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Carreto Fidalgo, D., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., Delgado Mendez, C., Doert, M., Domínguez, A., Dominis Prester, D., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Farina, E., Ferenc, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Garrido Terrats, D., Gaug, M., Giavitto, G., Godinović, N., González Muñoz, A., Gozzini, S. R., Hadamek, A., Hadasch, D., Herrero, A., Hildebrand, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Knoetig, M. L., Krause, J., Kushida, J., La Barbera, A., Lelas, D., Lewandowska, N., Lindfors, E., Longo, Francesco, Lombardi, S., López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Meucci, M., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nowak, N., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Partini, S., Persic, M., Prada, F., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Preziuso, S., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Rodriguezgarcia, J., Rügamer, S., Saggion, A., Saito, K., Salvati, M., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamatescu, V., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Sun, S., Surić, T., Takalo, L., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Uellenbeck, M., Vogler, P., Wagner, R. M., Zandanel, F., Zanin, R., Archambault, S., Behera, B., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Cerruti, M., Chen, X., Ciupik, L., Collins Hughes, E., Cui, W., Dumm, J., Eisch, J. D., Falcone, A., Federici, S., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fleischhack, H., Fortin, P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Griffin, S., Griffiths, S. T., Grube, J., Gyuk, G., Hanna, D., Holder, J., Hughes, G., Humensky, T. B., Johnson, C. A., Kaaret, P., Kertzman, M., Khassen, Y., Kieda, D., Krawczynski, H., Krennrich, F., Kumar, S., Lang, M. J., Maier, G., Mcarthur, S., Meagher, K., Moriarty, P., Mukherjee, R., Ong, R. A., Otte, A. N., Park, N., Pichel, A., Pohl, M., Popkow, A., Prokoph, H., Quinn, J., Ragan, K., Rajotte, J., Reynolds, P. T., Richards, G. T., Roache, E., Rovero, A. C., Sembroski, G. H., Shahinyan, K., Staszak, D., Telezhinsky, I., Theiling, M., Tucci, J. V., Tyler, J., Varlotta, A., Wakely, S. P., Weekes, T. C., Weinstein, A., Welsing, R., Wilhelm, A., Williams, D. A., Zitzer, B., Villata, M., Raiteri, C., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Chen, W. P., Jordan, B., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Lähteenmäki, A., Mcbreen, B., Larionov, V. M., Lin, C. S., Nikolashvili, M. G., Angelakis, E., Capalbi, M., Carramiñana, A., Carrasco, L., Cassaro, P., Cesarini, A., Fuhrmann, L., Giroletti, M., Hovatta, T., Krichbaum, T. P., Krimm, H. A., Max Moerbeck, W., Moody, J. W., Maccaferri, G., Mori, Y., Nestoras, I., Orlati, A., Pace, C., Pearson, R., Perri, M., Readhead, A. C. S., Richards, J. L., Sadun, A. C., Sakamoto, T., Tammi, J., Tornikoski, M., Yatsu, Y., Zook, A., Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and Universitat de Barcelona

Subjects
Astrofísica, Brightness, Ciencias Físicas, blazars, Astrophysics, telescope, x-ray variability, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, BL Lacertae objects, individual, Mrk 421, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Raigs gamma, emission, MAGIC (telescope), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), individual: Mrk 421 [BL Lacertae objects], Galaxies: BL Lacertae objects: individual: Markarian 421, Spectral energy distribution, Electrónica, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, power spectra, BL Lacertae object, tev photons, 0103 physical sciences, Nucli galàctic actiu, bl lacertae objects: individual: mrk 421, Blazar, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Active galactic nuclei, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, light curves, Gamma rays, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], Light curve, Galaxies, Galàxies, Astronomía, Crab Nebula, optical variability, active galactic nuclei, Galàxies actives, Active galaxies, markarian-421, ddc:520
Abstract

We performed a 4.5-month multi-instrument campaign (from radio to VHE gamma rays) on Mrk421 between January 2009 and June 2009, which included VLBA, F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, Swift, RXTE, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, and Whipple, among other instruments and collaborations. Mrk421 was found in its typical (non-flaring) activity state, with a VHE flux of about half that of the Crab Nebula, yet the light curves show significant variability at all wavelengths, the highest variability being in the X-rays. We determined the power spectral densities (PSD) at most wavelengths and found that all PSDs can be described by power-laws without a break, and with indices consistent with pink/red-noise behavior. We observed a harder-when-brighter behavior in the X-ray spectra and measured a positive correlation between VHE and X-ray fluxes with zero time lag. Such characteristics have been reported many times during flaring activity, but here they are reported for the first time in the non-flaring state. We also observed an overall anti-correlation between optical/UV and X-rays extending over the duration of the campaign. The harder-when-brighter behavior in the X-ray spectra and the measured positive X-ray/VHE correlation during the 2009 multi-wavelength campaign suggests that the physical processes dominating the emission during non-flaring states have similarities with those occurring during flaring activity. In particular, this observation supports leptonic scenarios as being responsible for the emission of Mrk421 during non-flaring activity. Such a temporally extended X-ray/VHE correlation is not driven by any single flaring event, and hence is difficult to explain within the standard hadronic scenarios. The highest variability is observed in the X-ray band, which, within the one-zone synchrotron self-Compton scenario, indicates that the electron energy distribution is most variable at the highest energies., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 18 pages, 14 figures (v2 has a small modification in the acknowledgments, and also corrects a typo in the field "author" in the metadata)

Published
2015
Full Text
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42. Development of cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers linked to a green rice leafhopper resistance gene, Grh3(t)

Author

T. Toyama, Toshihiko Izawa, T. Tsuji, T. Sasaki, Masahiro Yano, and Norikuni Saka

Subjects
Genetics, Oryza sativa, biology, food and beverages, Chromosome, Plant Science, Marker-assisted selection, biology.organism_classification, Leafhopper, Genetic linkage, Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, Agronomy and Crop Science, Gene
Abstract

The chromosomal location of the resistance gene for green rice leafhopper (GRLH), an injurious insect for rice, has been determined and RFLP markers closely linked to this gene have been identified. The susceptible japonica rice variety 'Nipponbare' was crossed with a resistant japonica rice line 'Aichi42', in which green rice leaf hopper resistance had been introduced from an indica variety 'Rantaj-emas2', and the 100 F 2 plants obtained were used for linkage analysis. The green rice leafhopper resistance gene, Grh3(t), was mapped between RFLP markers C288B and C133A on chromosome 6 and co-segregated with C81. Of the RFLP markers tightly linked to Grh3(t), C81 was converted to a SCAR marker and C133A to a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker that could distinguish the heterozygous genotype to establish an effective marker-aided selection system for the GRLH resistance gene.

Published
2006

43. X-ray diffraction study of CdS/CdTe heterostructure for thin-film solar cell: influence of CdS grain size on subsequent growth of (111)-oriented CdTe film

Author

M. Ohta, K. Matsune, H Okamoto, T Toyama, and H. Oda

Subjects
Materials science, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, business.industry, Heterojunction, Condensed Matter Physics, Cadmium telluride photovoltaics, Cadmium sulfide, Grain size, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, chemistry, law, X-ray crystallography, Solar cell, Optoelectronics, Crystallite, Thin film, business
Abstract

An extensive x-ray diffraction (XRD) study has been undertaken to examine the influence of two dominant crystallographic orientations of polycrystalline hexagonal CdS films, i.e. (0002) and orientations, on subsequent growths of polycrystalline cubic CdTe films with a (111) preferred orientation because the CdS/CdTe heterostructure plays a crucial role in determining the photovoltaic performance of the CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells despite a 10% lattice mismatch between CdS and CdTe. XRD measurements for the CdS films fabricated with various fabrication conditions revealed a unique relation between the lattice spacings of (0002) and planes. When the CdS(0002) and/or CdS grain sizes increase, the degree of the (111) preferred orientation of the subsequently grown CdTe, p(111), which is a figure of merit for the highly efficient solar cell, tends to increase, while the lattice spacings of the CdTe(111) plane decreases. Based on these results, the effects of CdS(0002) and CdS grain sizes on p(111) are discussed in conjunction with the decreased CdTe(111) lattice spacings, indicating interdiffusion of S and Te elements at the CdS/CdTe interface, which is effective for reducing the 10% mismatch between CdS and CdTe.

Published
2006

44. Black hole lightning due to particle acceleration at subhorizon scales

Author

J. Kushida, Jose Luis Contreras, Juan Cortina, J. Hose, R. Reinthal, D. Elsaesser, Michele Palatiello, P. Munar-Adrover, Elina Lindfors, Damir Lelas, Dario Hrupec, R. Zanin, Daniel Mazin, D. Nakajima, Victor Stamatescu, M. A. Lopez, Dorota Sobczyńska, Adrian Biland, K. Nishijima, M. Uellenbeck, D. Garrido Terrats, D. Dominis Prester, J. Rico, V. Scalzotto, Christian Fruck, E. Prandini, Stefano Covino, P. G. Prada Moroni, Francesco Longo, F. Borracci, P. Da Vela, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, Patrick Vogler, Ana Babić, D. Galindo, Yusuke Konno, O. Tibolla, I. Snidaric, M. Makariev, D. Tescaro, P. Temnikov, Ivica Puljak, M. V. Fonseca, A. Sillanpää, Jörn Wilms, G. Bonnoli, L. Maraschi, Pierre Colin, C. Delgado Mendez, S. R. Gozzini, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Konstancja Satalecka, Julian Sitarek, Michele Doro, A. Treves, Kari Nilsson, Tomislav Terzić, N. Mankuzhiyil, Daniela Hadasch, Jelena Aleksić, Oscar Blanch, Alessandro Carosi, E. Lorenz, Ruben Lopez-Coto, T. Toyama, A. Niedzwiecki, I. Lozano, G. De Caneva, M. Hayashida, David Paneque, S. Bonnefoy, A. González Muñoz, T. Schweizer, Jose Miguel Miranda, E. Colombo, Francesco Dazzi, Masahiro Teshima, G. Maneva, Felix Spanier, Y. Hanabata, Daniela Dorner, C. Schultz, V. Scapin, Miriam Lucio Martinez, S. Rügamer, Juan Abel Barrio, M. Gaug, W. Bednarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, Juri Poutanen, Stefano Ansoldi, J. Herrera, Koji Noda, B. Biasuzzi, U. Bach, Marc Ribó, Riccardo Paoletti, P. Antoranz, Elisa Bernardini, Hajime Takami, P. Bangale, J. M. Paredes, Felicia Krauß, Hidetoshi Kubo, Antonio Stamerra, Julia Thaele, K. Kodani, E. Carmona, L. O. Takalo, Louis Antonelli, J. Storz, A. De Angelis, D. Hildebrand, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, Sabrina Einecke, Saverio Lombardi, J. Rodriguez Garcia, K. Saito, W. Idec, K. Frantzen, V. Kadenius, S. Paiano, Karl Mannheim, Alicia López-Oramas, Natalia Lewandowska, R. Mirzoyan, A. La Barbera, D. Eisenacher, Markus Garczarczyk, X. Paredes-Fortuny, J. Becerra González, Abelardo Moralejo, T. Steinbring, Hanna Kellermann, U. Menzel, Diego F. Torres, J. Krause, B. De Lotto, Takashi Saito, Reiko Orito, Eduardo Ros, Marcel Strzys, Matthias Kadler, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, Massimo Persic, R. Schulz, Thomas Bretz, S. N. Shore, Wolfgang Rhode, Aleksić, J, Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barrio, J. A., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Bil, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., Carmona, E., Carosi, A., Colin, P., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Caneva, G., De Lotto, B., De Oña Wilhelmi, E., Mendez, C. Delgado, Prester, D. Domini, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Einecke, S., Eisenacher, D., Elsaesser, D., Fonseca, M. V., Font, L., Frantzen, K., Fruck, C., Galindo, D., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Terrats, D. Garrido, Gaug, M., Godinoviæ, N., Muñoz, A. González, Gozzini, S. R., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Hayashida, M., Herrera, J., Hildebr, D., Hose, J., Hrupec, D., Idec, W., Kadenius, V., Kellermann, H., Kodani, K., Konno, Y., Krause, J., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Barbera, A. La, Lelas, D., Lewowska, N., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, Francesco, López, M., López Coto, R., López Oramas, A., Lorenz, E., Lozano, I., Makariev, M., Mallot, K., Maneva, G., Mankuzhiyil, N., Mannheim, K., Maraschi, L., Marcote, B., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mazin, D., Menzel, U., Mira, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Moralejo, A., Munar Adrover, P., Nakajima, D., Niedzwiecki, A., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Orito, R., Overkemping, A., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Paredes Fortuny, X., Persic, M., Poutanen, J., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prini, E., Puljak, I., Reinthal, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Garcia, J. Rodriguez, Rügamer, S., Saito, T., Saito, K., Satalecka, K., Scalzotto, V., Scapin, V., Schultz, C., Schweizer, T., Shore, S. N., Sillanpää, A., Sitarek, J., Snidaric, I., Sobczynska, D., Spanier, F., Stamatescu, V., Stamerra, A., Steinbring, T., Storz, J., Strzys, M., Takalo, L., Takami, H., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tescaro, D., Teshima, M., Thaele, J., Tibolla, O., Torres, D. F., Toyama, T., Treves, A., Uellenbeck, M., Vogler, P., Zanin, R., Kadler, M., Schulz, R., Ros, E., Bach, U., Krauß, F., and Wilms, J.

Subjects
Black Holes, Radio galaxy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Very High Energy Gamma Astronomy, Black Holes, Very High Energy Gamma Astronomy, Active Galactic Nuclei, X-shaped radio galaxy, supermassive black hole, jet formation, IC 310, MAGIC telescopes, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Supermassive black hole, ta115, Multidisciplinary, Active Galactic Nuclei, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Intermediate-mass black hole, Stellar black hole, Electrónica, Física nuclear, ddc:500, Spin-flip, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Schwarzschild radius
Abstract

Supermassive black holes with masses of millions to billions of solar masses are commonly found in the centers of galaxies. Astronomers seek to image jet formation using radio interferometry, but still suffer from insufficient angular resolution. An alternative method to resolve small structures is to measure the time variability of their emission. Here, we report on gamma-ray observations of the radio galaxy IC 310 obtained with the MAGIC telescopes revealing variability with doubling time scales faster than 4.8 min. Causality constrains the size of the emission region to be smaller than 20\% of the gravitational radius of its central black hole. We suggest that the emission is associated with pulsar-like particle acceleration by the electric field across a magnetospheric gap at the base of the radio jet., 19 pages, 10 figures, includes Supplementary Materials

Published
2014

45. Unprecedented study of the broadband emission of Mrk 421 during flaring activity in March 2010

Author

E. Pueschel, J. Hose, Svetlana G. Jorstad, M. F. Aller, David A. Williams, G. H. Sembroski, D. Nakajima, M. Strzys, R. Welsing, A. Archer, E. Colombo, B. Biasuzzi, F. Borracci, Stefano Ansoldi, Riccardo Paoletti, I. Telezhinsky, Jamie Holder, D. Elsaesser, D. Staszak, Dario Hrupec, L. Ciupik, L. C. Reyes, G. Bonnoli, K. Ragan, M. A. Lopez, N. Galante, Hajime Takami, J. M. Paredes, P. T. Reynolds, Natalia Lewandowska, Hugh D. Aller, L. O. Takalo, G. H. Gillanders, T. Schweizer, Mosè Mariotti, Wystan Benbow, A.-K. Overkemping, D. Hadasch, Victor Stamatescu, J. Biteau, Paul S. Smith, Gordon T. Richards, Wei Cui, A. La Barbera, Sinéad M. Griffin, E. Roache, A. López-Oramas, S. Rügamer, Juan Abel Barrio, J. A. Ros, O. M. Kurtanidze, Alessandro Carosi, Ruben Lopez-Coto, X. Paredes-Fortuny, Mark Gurwell, U. Menzel, Saverio Lombardi, Calvin A. Johnson, P. Kar, M. Villata, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, Felix Spanier, M. Kertzman, A. C. S. Readhead, E. Prandini, D. Galindo, Merja Tornikoski, Yusuke Konno, Diego F. Torres, M. G. Nikolashvili, D. Eisenacher, Antonio Stamerra, K. Kodani, Givi N. Kimeridze, Julian Sitarek, Lorand A. Sigua, K. Nishijima, J. V. Tucci, A. Cesarini, M. Perri, P. Kaaret, J. Storz, D. Dominis Prester, Martin Pohl, C. M. Raiteri, Markus Garczarczyk, C. Fruck, A. Sillanpää, N. Håkansson, M. Makariev, T. Toyama, L. Maraschi, A. Pichel, Jose Miguel Miranda, Matteo Cerruti, Konstancja Satalecka, J. Becerra González, P. Antoranz, Amy Furniss, S. P. Wakely, B. Jordan, Elena G. Larionova, Xuhui Chen, H. C. Lin, Geza Gyuk, Louis Antonelli, Michele Doro, Abelardo Moralejo, Jelena Aleksić, S. McArthur, M. L. Knoetig, P. G. Prada Moroni, P. Munar-Adrover, Ivica Puljak, E. Collins-Hughes, K. Meagher, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, T. Steinbring, W. Idec, M. V. Fonseca, Pierre Colin, P. Temnikov, M. Hayashida, Patrick Vogler, J. Tyler, A. Niedzwiecki, C. Schultz, V. Scapin, J. H. Buckley, P. Moriarty, Tomislav Terzić, K. Berger, T. Sakamoto, C. Delgado Mendez, S. R. Gozzini, B. McBreen, O. Tibolla, Shan Sun, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Ivan S. Troitsky, David Paneque, I. Snidaric, Marc Ribó, P. Da Vela, D. Hildebrand, B. Steinke, Steven N. Shore, Q. Feng, K. Frantzen, Massimo Persic, Hidetoshi Kubo, A. Boller, D. A. Morozova, A. Wilhelm, R. Reinthal, Thomas Bretz, Sofia O. Kurtanidze, Kari Nilsson, Elina Lindfors, Justin D. Finke, J. Krause, B. De Lotto, Walter Max-Moerbeck, K. Saito, Razmik Mirzoyan, U. Barres de Almeida, A. González Muñoz, V. Kadenius, Damir Lelas, N. Mankuzhiyil, J. P. Finley, J. S. Perkins, Wen Ping Chen, S. Paiano, E. Lorenz, Karl Mannheim, H. Prokoph, Hanna Kellermann, Daniel Mazin, I. Lozano, Dorota Sobczyńska, J. D. Eisch, Wolfgang Rhode, Daniela Dorner, M. Palatiello, Joseph Moody, Lucy Fortson, M. I. Martínez, M. Gaug, P. Bangale, G. De Caneva, J. Herrera, Matthias Beilicke, Koji Noda, J. Millis, Abraham D. Falcone, Francesco Dazzi, Karlen Shahinyan, Elisa Bernardini, S. Bonnefoy, Sabrina Einecke, J. Rodriguez Garcia, W. Bednarek, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Ll. Font, A. C. Sadun, Anne Lähteenmäki, Stefano Covino, M. J. Lang, A. Varlotta, Masahiro Teshima, A. McCann, Ekaterina Koptelova, A. C. Rovero, J. Kushida, D. Tescaro, Jose Luis Contreras, G. Hughes, M. Uellenbeck, Takashi Saito, Y. Hanabata, A. Popkow, Juan Cortina, V. Bugaev, David Kieda, Reiko Orito, S. Buson, J. L. Richards, Ann E. Wehrle, D. Garrido Terrats, P. Fortin, Oscar Blanch, Ralph Bird, S. Archambault, Valeri M. Larionov, V. Scalzotto, Ana Babić, Julia Thaele, E. Carmona, A. De Angelis, A. Treves, R. A. Ong, G. Maneva, R. Zanin, A. N. Otte, Adrian Biland, J. Rico, Alan P. Marscher, Universitat de Barcelona, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and ~

Subjects
extragalactic background light, Ciencias Físicas, spectral energy-distribution, Flux, Non-thermal / galaxies, Astrophysics, law.invention, Relativistic particle, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], atmospheric cherenkov telescopes, Raigs gamma, bl lacertae objects, law, MAGIC (telescope), Active / BL Lacertae objects, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, individual: Mrk 421 [BL Lacertae objects], education.field_of_study, gamma-ray outburst, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421, Galaxies: active, Gamma rays: galaxies, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Particle acceleration, NON THERMAL RADIATION, large-area telescope, active [galaxies], galaxies [gamma rays], BL LACERTAE OBJECTS, Electrónica, self-compton model, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Flare, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Radio telescope, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, gamma rays: galaxies, Radiation mechanisms, BL Lacertae objects: individual, simultaneous multiwavelength observations, AGN, education, Blazar, Individual: Mrk 421 / gamma rays, tev blazars, Gamma rays, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], Galaxies, Astronomía, x-ray, Galàxies actives, Active galaxies, ddc:520
Abstract

A flare from the TeV blazar Mrk 421, occurring in March 2010, was observed for 13 consecutive days from radio to very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-rays with MAGIC, VERITAS, Whipple, FermiLAT, MAXI, RXTE, Swift, GASP-WEBT, and several optical and radio telescopes. We model the day-scale SEDs with one-zone and two-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models, investigate the physical parameters, and evaluate whether the observed broadband SED variability can be associated to variations in the relativistic particle population. Flux variability was remarkable in the X-ray and VHE bands while it was minor or not significant in the other bands. The one-zone SSC model can describe reasonably well the SED of each day for the 13 consecutive days. This flaring activity is also very well described by a two-zone SSC model, where one zone is responsible for the quiescent emission while the other smaller zone, which is spatially separated from the first one, contributes to the daily-variable emission occurring in X-rays and VHE gamma-rays. Both the one-zone SSC and the two-zone SSC models can describe the daily SEDs via the variation of only four or five model parameters, under the hypothesis that the variability is associated mostly to the underlying particle population. This shows that the particle acceleration and cooling mechanism producing the radiating particles could be the main one responsible for the broadband SED variations during the flaring episodes in blazars. The two-zone SSC model provides a better agreement to the observed SED at the narrow peaks of the low- and high-energy bumps during the highest activity, although the reported one-zone SSC model could be further improved by the variation of the parameters related to the emitting region itself ($\delta$, $B$ and $R$), in addition to the parameters related to the particle population., Comment: Published in A&A, 30 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables. Online-data: multi-wavelength light curves (data in Fig. 1) and broadband spectral energy distributions (the data in Figs. 6, and B1-B4) are available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/578/A22. Corresponding authors: David Paneque (dpaneque@mpp.mpg.de), Shangyu Sun (sysun@mpp.mpg.de), Hajime Takami (takami@post.kek.jp)

Published
2014

46. First broadband characterization and redshift determination of the VHE blazar MAGIC J2001+439

Author

Robert Wagner, Konstancja Satalecka, Michele Doro, K. Nishijima, K. Mallot, R. J. García López, A. Herrero, D. Dominis Prester, M. Uellenbeck, Nina Nowak, J. M. Paredes, A. López-Oramas, J. Kushida, Antonio Stamerra, Jelena Aleksić, Nikola Godinovic, Benito Marcote, Jose Luis Contreras, A. Niedzwiecki, David Paneque, Wlodek Bednarek, Alessandro Carosi, Francisco Prada, J. L. Richards, Juan Cortina, K. Kodani, Ruben Lopez-Coto, Massimo Persic, D. Nakajima, J. Storz, D. Garrido Terrats, Talvikki Hovatta, Patrick Vogler, P. G. Prada Moroni, Valeri M. Larionov, Jose Miguel Miranda, V. Scalzotto, C. Schultz, V. Scapin, Tomislav Terzić, Yusuke Konno, Anthony C. S. Readhead, J. Krause, O. Tibolla, M. Hayashida, B. De Lotto, P. Da Vela, Ana Babić, Hanna Kellermann, L. Maraschi, Elina Lindfors, Kari Nilsson, Daniel Mazin, Marc Ribó, M. V. Fonseca, P. Bangale, Julia Thaele, Hidetoshi Kubo, Stefano Covino, U. Menzel, Emanuele Paolo Farina, A. De Angelis, D. Tescaro, M. Perri, I. Snidaric, Natalia Lewandowska, M. Palatiello, Diego F. Torres, S. Rügamer, Stefano Ansoldi, Juan Abel Barrio, M. I. Martínez, Riccardo Paoletti, Felix Spanier, T. Sakamoto, M. Garczarczyk, E. Lorenz, Hajime Takami, A. La Barbera, L. A. Antonelli, Francesco Dazzi, Sabrina Einecke, P. Antoranz, R. Reinthal, J. Rodriguez Garcia, Dominik Elsaesser, Giacomo Bonnoli, X. Paredes-Fortuny, U. Barres de Almeida, I. Lozano, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Damir Lelas, Ll. Font, Masahiro Teshima, Victor Stamatescu, S. Bonnefoy, R. D. Schwartz, Filippo D'Ammando, Dorota Sobczyńska, R. Mirzoyan, D. Eisenacher, Abelardo Moralejo, P. Temnikov, Fabio Zandanel, Shan Sun, E. Carmona, T. Steinbring, Julian Sitarek, J. Hose, Aaron Dominguez, E. Prandini, Daniela Hadasch, T. Toyama, Aldo Treves, W. Idec, Thomas Bretz, S. N. Shore, Walter Max-Moerbeck, Wolfgang Rhode, K. Frantzen, Ivica Puljak, Tihomir Surić, Pierre Colin, D. Carreto Fidalgo, T. Schweizer, C. Delgado Mendez, S. R. Gozzini, F. Borracci, V. Kadenius, S. Paiano, Karl Mannheim, J. Becerra González, Mario Meucci, F. Verrecchia, E. Colombo, Nijil Mankuzhiyil, P. Munar-Adrover, G. Maneva, Silvia Preziuso, L. O. Takalo, R. Zanin, A. Saggion, Adrian Biland, A. González Muñoz, Mosè Mariotti, A.-K. Overkemping, J. Rico, A. Sillanpää, Daniela Dorner, Takashi Saito, Saverio Lombardi, M. Gaug, Reiko Orito, J. Herrera, Koji Noda, Elisa Bernardini, Christian Fruck, K. Saito, D. Hildebrand, Daniel Ferenc, G. De Caneva, S. Partini, Marcel Strzys, L. C. Reyes, Martin Makariev, Oscar Blanch, M. Doert, Dario Hrupec, M. A. Lopez, Aleksic J, Ansoldi S, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Babic A, Bangale P, de Almeida UB, Barrio JA, Gonzalez JB, Bednarek W, Bernardini E, Biland A, Blanch O, Bonnefoy S, Bonnoli G, Borracci F, Bretz T, Carmona E, Carosi A, Fidalgo DC, Colin P, Colombo E, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Covino S, Da Vela P, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Caneva G, De Lotto B, Mendez CD, Doert M, Dominguez A, Prester DD, Dorner D, Doro M, Einecke S, Eisenacher D, Elsaesser D, Farina E, Ferenc D, Fonseca MV, Font L, Frantzen K, Fruck C, Lopez RJG, Garczarczyk M, Terrats DG, Gaug M, Godinovic N, Munoz AG, Gozzini SR, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Herrera J, Herrero A, Hildebrand D, Hose J, Hrupec D, Idec W, Kadenius V, Kellermann H, Kodani K, Konno Y, Krause J, Kubo H, Kushida J, La Barbera A, Lelas D, Lewandowska N, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Lopez M, Lopez-Coto R, Lopez-Oramas A, Lorenz E, Lozano I, Makariev M, Mallot K, Maneva G, Mankuzhiyil N, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Marcote B, Mariotti M, Martinez M, Mazin D, Menzel U, Meucci M, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Moralejo A, Munar-Adrover P, Nakajima D, Niedzwiecki A, Nilsson K, Nishijima K, Noda K, Nowak N, Orito R, Overkemping A, Paiano S, Palatiello M, Paneque D, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Paredes-Fortuny X, Partini S, Persic M, Prada F, Moroni PGP, Prandini E, Preziuso S, Puljak I, Reinthal R, Rhode W, Riboo M, Rico J, Garcia JR, Rugamer S, Saggion A, Saito T, Saito K, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schultz C, Schweizer T, Shore SN, Sillanpaa A, Sitarek J, Snidaric I, Sobczynska D, Spanier F, Stamatescu V, Stamerra A, Steinbring T, Storz J, Strzys M, Sun S, Suric T, Takalo L, Takami H, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Terzic T, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Thaele J, Tibolla O, Torres DF, Toyama T, Treves A, Uellenbeck M, Vogler P, Wagner RM, Zandanel F, Zanin R, DAmmando F, Hovatta T, Larionov VM, Max-Moerbeck W, Perri M, Readhead ACS, Richards JL, Sakamoto T, Schwartz RD, Verrecchia F, and Reyes LC

Subjects
ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, BL Lacertae objects: individual: MAGIC J2001+439, Galaxies: active, BL Lac objects: individual (MAGIC J2001+435), gamma rays: observations, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, Nordic Optical Telescope, Spectral line, BL Lacertae objects: individual: MAGIC J2001+435, Gamma rays: galaxies, 0103 physical sciences, GAMMA-RAY SPECTRUM, MAGIC (telescope), 010306 general physics, Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), galaxies: active – BL Lacertae objects: individual: MAGIC J2001+435 – BL Lacertae objects: individual: MAGIC J2001+439 – gamma rays: galaxies, FERMI ERA, Astronomy and Astrophysics, PKS 1424+240, BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS, Galaxy, Redshift, EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT, LAC OBJECTS, SKY SURVEY, RADIATION, Amplitude, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, Electrónica, Física nuclear, Electricidad, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, BL Lac object
Abstract

We aim to characterize the broadband emission from 2FGL J2001.1+4352, which has been associated with the unknown-redshift blazar MG4 J200112+4352. Based on its gamma-ray spectral properties, it was identified as a potential very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emitter. The source was observed with MAGIC first in 2009 and later in 2010 within a multi-instrument observation campaign. The MAGIC observations yielded 14.8 hours of good quality stereoscopic data. The object was monitored at radio, optical and gamma-ray energies during the years 2010 and 2011. The source, named MAGIC J2001+439, is detected for the first time at VHE with MAGIC at a statistical significance of 6.3 {\sigma} (E > 70 GeV) during a 1.3-hour long observation on 2010 July 16. The multi-instrument observations show variability in all energy bands with the highest amplitude of variability in the X-ray and VHE bands. We also organized deep imaging optical observations with the Nordic Optical Telescope in 2013 to determine the source redshift. We determine for the first time the redshift of this BL Lac object through the measurement of its host galaxy during low blazar activity. Using the observational evidence that the luminosities of BL Lac host galaxies are confined to a relatively narrow range, we obtain z = 0.18 +/- 0.04. Additionally, we use the Fermi-LAT and MAGIC gamma-ray spectra to provide an independent redshift estimation, z = 0.17 +/- 0.10. Using the former (more accurate) redshift value, we adequately describe the broadband emission with a one-zone SSC model for different activity states and interpret the few-day timescale variability as produced by changes in the high-energy component of the electron energy distribution., Comment: 17 pages, 15 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2014

47. Hand dominance and performance in a laparoscopic skills curriculum

Author

T. W. Powers, M. T. Toyama, David J. Bentrem, Kenric M. Murayama, S. A. Murphy, and Alexander P. Nagle

Subjects
Adult, Models, Anatomic, medicine.medical_specialty, education, behavioral disciplines and activities, Functional Laterality, Dreyfus model of skill acquisition, Surgical Stapling, medicine, Humans, Overall performance, Curriculum, business.industry, Suture Techniques, Internship and Residency, Endoscopy, Laparoscopic skill, Surgical Mesh, Surgical Instruments, Surgery, Hand dominance, Physical performance, Physical therapy, Laparoscopy, Clinical Competence, Educational Measurement, business, Educational program, Psychomotor Performance
Abstract

This study evaluated the influence of hand dominance on skill acquisition during a basic laparoscopic skills curriculum. A total of 27 surgical residents (5 postgraduate year 3 [PGY-3] and 22 PGY-2 residents) participated in a 4-week laparoscopic skills curriculum. The residents were pre- and posttested on six laparoscopic tasks during weeks 1 and 4. During weeks 2 and 3, the residents attended a proctored practice session. The results were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA), (with significance determined by a p value less than 0.05. The posttest scores were significantly higher than the pretest scores. On the pretest, lefthand–dominant (LHD) surgeons (n = 4) performed significantly better than righthand–dominant (RHD) surgeons (n = 23). In the analysis of individual task pretest scores, LHD surgeons performed significantly better on pattern cutting and vessel loop application. Posttest analysis of overall performance did not show significant differences between the RHD and LHD surgeons. Participation in a laparoscopic skills curriculum improved overall performance. The LHD surgeons demonstrated better initial performance, but posttest comparison showed no difference between the two groups.

Published
2005

48. Am80 ameliorates fibrosis, inflammation, and vasculopathy in animal models of systemic sclerosis

Author

Ryosuke Saigusa, Takehiro Takahashi, Takashi Taniguchi, Yohei Ichimura, T. Toyama, Ayumi Yoshizaki, Yoshihide Asano, Maria Trojanowska, Shinichi Sato, Kouki Nakamura, and Takashi Yamashita

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Fibrosis, business.industry, medicine, Inflammation, Dermatology, medicine.symptom, medicine.disease, business, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry
Published
2016

49. Evaluation of Photo Multiplier Tube candidates for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author

U. Menzel, Y. Hanabata, J. Hose, T. Toyama, M. Takahashi, D. Müller, D. Nakajima, Masahiro Teshima, Razmik Mirzoyan, and Tokonatsu Yamamoto

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Electron, Cherenkov Telescope Array, 01 natural sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Multiplier (economics), Quantum efficiency, Photonics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Pulse-width modulation
Abstract

Photo Multiplier Tubes (PMTs) are the most wide spread detectors for fast, faint light signals. Six years ago, an improvement program for the PMT candidates for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) project was started with the companies Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. and Electron Tubes Enterprises Ltd. (ETE). For maximizing the performance of the CTA imaging cameras we need PMTs with outstanding good quantum efficiency, high photoelectron collection efficiency, short pulse width, very low afterpulse probability and transit time spread. We will report on the measurements of PMT R-12992-100 from Hamamatsu as their final product and the PMT D573KFLSA as one of the latest test versions from ETE as candidate PMTs for the CTA project.

Published
2016

50. Correlation between Microstructure and Electronic Property of Solar-Grade Poly-Si Thin-Films Deposited on Textured Substrates

Author

T. Toyama, T. Harano, Yoshihiro Hamakawa, Hideyuki Takakura, S. Honda, Haruhiko Okamoto, Riza Muhida, Takuya Matsui, and Takahiro Kawamura

Subjects
Materials science, Metallurgy, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Polycrystalline silicon, law, Solar cell, engineering, General Materials Science, Thin film, Electronic properties
Published
2003

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